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in</a></h3></div></li></ul></li></ul><!--End of top stories for 3rd level--></div><!-- ends here --></li><!--End of 3rd level--><!--For 3rd level--><li class="level2"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe" >Europe<sup>7</sup></a><!-- actual code stats here --><div itemscope class="wrap-sub2"><ul class="sub2"><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/uk">UK<sup>4</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/germany">Germany<sup>1</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/france">France</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/italy">Italy</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/spain">Spain</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class = "level3"><a 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href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/ukraine-progress-may-soften-sanctions-on-russia-1.2175003"></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/ukraine-progress-may-soften-sanctions-on-russia-1.2175003">Ukraine progress may soften sanctions on Russia</a></h3></div></li></ul></li></ul><!--End of top stories for 3rd level--></div><!-- ends here --></li><!--End of 3rd level--><!--For 3rd level--><li class="level2"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa" >Africa<sup>6</sup></a><!-- actual code stats here --><div itemscope class="wrap-sub2"><ul class="sub2"><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/south-africa">South Africa<sup>1</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/nigeria">Nigeria<sup>2</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/kenya">Kenya<sup>1</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/other">Other</a></li></ul><!--For top Stories for 3rd level--><ul class ="nav-list"><li><h2><span>top stories in Africa</span></h2><ul class="listing"><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/nigeria/suicide-bombers-kill-19-in-north-east-nigeria-1.2175026"></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/nigeria/suicide-bombers-kill-19-in-north-east-nigeria-1.2175026">Suicide bombers kill 19 in north-east Nigeria</a></h3></div></li><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/nigeria/trio-of-suicide-bombers-kill-20-at-crowded-fish-market-in-nigeria-1.2174937"><img width = "68" height = "51" src="http://static.gulfnews.com/polopoly_fs/1.2174940!/image/1081207091.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_7050/1081207091.jpg" alt="" /></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/nigeria/trio-of-suicide-bombers-kill-20-at-crowded-fish-market-in-nigeria-1.2174937">Suicide bombers kill 20 in Nigerian fish market</a></h3></div></li><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-after-pm-s-resignation-1.2174838"><img width = "68" height = "51" src="http://static.gulfnews.com/polopoly_fs/1.2174852!/image/1379220375.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_7050/1379220375.jpg" alt="" /></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/ethiopia-declares-state-of-emergency-after-pm-s-resignation-1.2174838">Ethiopia declares emergency after PM quits</a></h3></div></li></ul></li></ul><!--End of top stories for 3rd level--></div><!-- ends here --></li><!--End of 3rd level--><!--For 3rd level--><li class="level2"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia" >Asia<sup>33</sup></a><!-- actual code stats here --><div itemscope class="wrap-sub2"><ul class="sub2"><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/australia">Australia<sup>3</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a 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href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/rohingya">Rohingya</a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/other">Other</a></li></ul><!--For top Stories for 3rd level--><ul class ="nav-list"><li><h2><span>top stories in Asia</span></h2><ul class="listing"><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/left-confident-of-tripura-victory-bjp-giving-tough-fight-1.2175078"></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/left-confident-of-tripura-victory-bjp-giving-tough-fight-1.2175078">Left confident of Tripura victory</a></h3></div></li><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/india-iran-agree-to-step-up-efforts-to-help-afghanistan-1.2175073"><img width = "68" height = "51" src="http://static.gulfnews.com/polopoly_fs/1.2175087!/image/2364363303.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_7050/2364363303.jpg" alt="" /></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/india-iran-agree-to-step-up-efforts-to-help-afghanistan-1.2175073">India, Iran to step up push to help Afghanistan</a></h3></div></li><li><a  class="thumb"  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/11-held-for-torturing-women-labelling-them-witches-1.2175071"></a><div class="details"><h3><a  href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/11-held-for-torturing-women-labelling-them-witches-1.2175071">11 held for torturing ‘witches’</a></h3></div></li></ul></li></ul><!--End of top stories for 3rd level--></div><!-- ends here --></li><!--End of 3rd level--><!--For 3rd level--><li class="level2"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/americas" >Americas<sup>23</sup></a><!-- actual code stats here --><div itemscope class="wrap-sub2"><ul class="sub2"><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/americas/usa">USA<sup>20</sup></a></li><li class = "level3"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/americas/canada">Canada</a></li><li class = "level3"><a 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	</script><!-- for portrait image--><div class="grid-6 alpha"><article class="lead-story news" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" itemscope=""><div data-io-article-url="http://gulfnews.com/news/americas/usa/hurricane-harvey-to-cost-us-42b-1.2082245"> 		<h1 class="article-page story-title" itemprop="name"><a>Hurricane Harvey to cost US $42b</a></h1><p class="caption">Failing dams and levees cause estimates to shoot up as flooding begins to spread</p><figure><a><img width="460" height="346" itemprop="image" title="" alt="" src="http://static.gulfnews.com/polopoly_fs/1.2082246!/image/1590742344.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_460346/1590742344.jpg"><div class="credits">Image Credit: Reuters</div></a></figure><div class="media-caption">Residents use boats to evacuate flood waters from Tropical Storm Harvey along Tidwell Road east Houston, Texas, U.S. August 28, 2017. </div><!-- if of uploadFileSrc for portrait Image--><div class="meta"><span class="time" itemprop="datePublished">Published: 05:12 August 30, 2017 </span><div class="author" itemtype="http://www.schema.org/Person" itemscope="" itemprop="author"><span itemprop="name">AFP</span></div></div><!-- add to gn section starts here--><div class="addto-gn article-tools clearfix"><!-- Follow us module starts here--><div class="share-box"><a href="#" title="Share on My MGN" class="mymgn" onClick="addToMgn('','1.2082245','A'); return false;"><span></span></a><!--<a data-scrollid="comment-section" class="btn scroll-link" href="#">Read More</a>--><a href="#" title="Send Email to Friend" class="email addthis_button_email"><span></span></a><a href="#" title="Print Article" class="print addthis_button_print"><span></span></a><a href="#" title="Comment" data-scrollid="comment-section" class="comment scroll-link"><span></span></a><a href="#" title="Find a service" class="compact addthis_button_expanded"><span></span></a></div><div class="font-control"><a href="#" class="size">&nbsp;</a><ul><li><a href="#" data-font="font-14px">SMALL</a></li><li><a href="#" class="active" data-font="font-15px">MEDIUM</a></li><li><a href="#" data-font="font-16px">LARGE</a></li></ul></div><!-- Follow us module ends here--></div><!-- add to gn section ends here--><!-- To count the number of paraghraphs--><div class="wrapper-details"><!--check paragraphs count to be less than 10--><!-- Pull Quote Element after 2nd paragraph--><!-- Adtech Element after 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th paragraph--><!-- Related links for existing articles having less than 6 paragraphs--><!-- In Article Ad starts --><!-- In Article Ad ends --><p>Washington: Damage from Hurricane Harvey could put it among the top five most costly US storms ever, with failing dams and levees driving up loss forecasts, data modelling showed Tuesday.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Estimates for total economic costs and damage shot up overnight to $42 billion (Dh154 billion) from $30 billion, as flooding began to spread to Louisiana and flood control measures became overwhelmed, according to Chuck Watson, founder of the disaster modeling firm Enki Research.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>While authorities still focused on rescuing survivors on Tuesday, the question of the storm’s aftermath — and its expected long-lasting hit to the Texas and US economies — was only beginning to come into view.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Recent research also shows natural disasters can result in more concentrated poverty in former disaster areas.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“If Harvey were your normal hurricane it would be probably a $4 billion event,” Watson told AFP. “That would be tragic for the people affected, but for the effect on the macroeconomy, we wouldn’t be talking about it at all.”<div id="ad_GN_News_In_Article" class="in-article advert mod" style="clear:both"><script>
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									</script></div><!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>As yet, the storm is nowhere near as costly as 2005’s Hurricane Katrina, which took a $118 billion bite out of the regional economy.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>But at $42 billion in unrecoverable economic losses, Harvey would be about as damaging as Hurricane Ike, which struck Texas and parts of the Caribbean at a cost of $43 billion in 2008, and Hurricane Wilma, which tore through North America in 2005, with a cost of nearly $38 billion, according to Watson’s estimates.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>And the Harvey estimate could still go up.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p><strong>Fleeing the wreckage, deepening poverty</strong><!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>A US energy hub with $1.6 trillion in annual economic output, Texas accounts for nearly nine percent of America’s GDP, the second largest state economy after California — and larger than Canada or South Korea.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Goldman Sachs estimated Monday that Harvey’s disruptions to the energy sector alone could shave as much as 0.2 percentage points off of US GDP growth in the third quarter of this year.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Leah Boustan, professor of economics at Princeton University, said that over time natural disasters tend to cause wealthier residents to flee the devastation, leaving poorer inhabitants to face the economic fallout.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Boustan co-authored a recent study which examined data from 5,000 US floods, earthquakes and storms spanning the 20th century.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“Translating our results into the context of Houston would suggest that 23,000 residents would move away from the area over the next 10 years,” she told AFP.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“We also found that very severe disasters tend to increase the poverty rate in an area by around one percentage point, which for Houston would be an increase from 25 percent to 26 percent of the population living below the poverty line,” she added.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>The Texas Gulf coast, home to nearly a third of the US oil refining capacity, has been ravaged by the most powerful hurricane to hit the state since 1961, which shuttered least 15 percent of US refining capacity, according to The Wall Street Journal.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>In addition to oil and gas producers, Texas is home to defense contractors, computer components makers, manufacturing and a sprawling agricultural sector.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Natural disasters like floods and hurricanes can force entire towns into unemployment, interrupt tax collection and disrupt supplies of food and fuel for months, jacking up costs and reducing demand elsewhere.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p><strong>Facing reconstruction uninsured</strong><!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>According to the Insurance Information Institute, only 12 percent of homeowners in designated flood areas in the United States were covered by flood insurance in 2016.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Loretta Worters, a spokesperson for the institute, told AFP the uninsured could be looking at ruin without government assistance.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“It could be total loss for them,” she said.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>But Watson of Enki Research said the federal maps that designate flood-prone areas — where homeowners usually are required to obtain flood insurance — are inaccurate and obsolete, meaning the share of people insured against damage from Harvey will be minimal.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“Our initial estimate is that two-thirds of the flooding happened outside flood zones,” he said.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>Recovery will be especially difficult for the poorest wage earners, whose income stops the moment they are unable to work.<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><p>“They’re not getting paid. They’ve got bills stacked up. Their homes are damaged,” he said. “That’s where the real humanitarian disaster is going to happen.”<!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><!-- Fact Box description starts here--><!-- Fact Box description ends here--><!--for each ends--></div><!--..wrapper-details--><!--poll module starts here--><!--poll module ends here--><!--Render the comments--><!-- Article Native Ad starts --><div class="native-advert article-ad" id="ad_NATIVE_InArticle_Desktop"><script>
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