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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Houston</h1>			<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
				<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>				<div id="contentSub"></div>
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				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in the U.S. state of Texas. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Houston_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Houston (disambiguation)">Houston (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">Houston, Texas</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category">City</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;">City of Houston</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_Images.jpg" class="image" title="Clockwise from top: Sam Houston monument, Downtown Houston, Houston Ship Channel, The Galleria, University of Houston, and the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center"><img alt="Clockwise from top: Sam Houston monument, Downtown Houston, Houston Ship Channel, The Galleria, University of Houston, and the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Houston_Images.jpg/250px-Houston_Images.jpg" width="250" height="313" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Houston_Images.jpg/375px-Houston_Images.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Houston_Images.jpg/500px-Houston_Images.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="804" /></a>
<div>Clockwise from top: Sam Houston monument, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Galleria (Houston)">The Galleria</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center">
<table style="width:100%; background:none;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Houston,_Texas.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Houston, Texas"><img alt="Flag of Houston, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/100px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png" width="100" height="67" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/150px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/200px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><br />
<small><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Houston" title="Flag of Houston">Flag</a></small></td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Houston,_Texas.png" class="image" title="Official seal of Houston, Texas"><img alt="Official seal of Houston, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png/100px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png/150px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a><br />
<small><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Houston" title="Seal of Houston">Seal</a></small></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Nickname(s): <span class="nickname">Space City (official) <small><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Houston" title="Nicknames of Houston">more...</a></small></span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg" class="image" title="Location of Houston city limits in and around Harris County"><img alt="Location of Houston city limits in and around Harris County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg/260px-Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg.png" width="260" height="347" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg/390px-Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg/520px-Harris_County_Texas_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Houston_highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="783" /></a><br />
<small>Location of Houston city limits in and around Harris County</small></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">
<div class="switcher-container">
<div class="center">
<div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">
<div style="width:250px;padding:0">
<div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Texas.png" class="image" title="Houston, Texas is located in Texas"><img alt="Houston, Texas is located in Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/250px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png" width="250" height="247" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/375px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/500px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989" /></a>
<div style="position:absolute;top:62.276%;left:84.065%">
<div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><img alt="Houston, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" title="Houston, Texas" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div>
<div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;right:4px;text-align:right"><span style="padding:1px;float:right">Houston, Texas</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Texas</span></div>
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<div class="center">
<div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">
<div style="width:250px;padding:0">
<div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="image" title="Houston, Texas is located in the US"><img alt="Houston, Texas is located in the US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" width="250" height="155" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a>
<div style="position:absolute;top:80.542%;left:51.164%">
<div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><img alt="Houston, Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" title="Houston, Texas" width="6" height="6" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div>
<div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Houston, Texas</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the US</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<small>Location in the United States</small></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedbottomrow">
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Coordinates: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Houston&amp;params=29_45_46_N_95_22_59_W_region:US-TX_type:city(2099451)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°45′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°22′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">﻿ / ﻿</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.76278°N 95.38306°W</span><span style="display:none">﻿ / <span class="geo">29.76278; -95.38306</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Houston&amp;params=29_45_46_N_95_22_59_W_region:US-TX_type:city(2099451)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°45′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°22′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">﻿ / ﻿</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.76278°N 95.38306°W</span><span style="display:none">﻿ / <span class="geo">29.76278; -95.38306</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row">Country</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">State</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th>
<td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Fort Bend County, Texas">Fort&#160;Bend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th>
<td>June 5, 1837</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Government</th>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Type</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Body</th>
<td class="agent"><a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">Houston City Council</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Houston" title="List of mayors of Houston">Mayor</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Turner" title="Sylvester Turner">Sylvester Turner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Area</th>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;City</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/1_E%2B9_m%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E+9 m²">627&#160;sq&#160;mi</a> (1,552.9&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Land</th>
<td>599.59&#160;sq&#160;mi (1,552.9&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Metro</th>
<td>10,062&#160;sq&#160;mi (26,060&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row">Elevation</th>
<td>80&#160;ft (32&#160;m)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Population <span style="font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FactFinder_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactFinder-3">[3]</a></sup></span></th>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;City</th>
<td>2,099,451</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Estimate&#160;<span style="font-weight:normal">(2016)</span></th>
<td>2,303,482<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2">[2]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Rank</th>
<td>US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">4th</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;Density</th>
<td>3,660/sq&#160;mi (1,414/km<sup>2</sup>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></th>
<td>4,944,332 <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">7th U.S.</a>)</small></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a></th>
<td>6,313,158 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas">5th U.S.</a>)</small></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th>
<td>Houstonian<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><span style="white-space:nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th>
<td class="adr"><span class="postal-code">770xx, 772xx (<a href="/wiki/Post-office_box" title="Post-office box">P.O. Boxes</a>)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_713,_281,_346,_and_832" title="Area codes 713, 281, 346, and 832">713, 281, 832, 346</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th>
<td>48-35000<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-5">[5]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th>
<td>1380948<sup id="cite_ref-GR3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-6">[6]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstates</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas"><img alt="I-10 (TX).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-10_%28TX%29.svg/26px-I-10_%28TX%29.svg.png" width="26" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-10_%28TX%29.svg/39px-I-10_%28TX%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-10_%28TX%29.svg/52px-I-10_%28TX%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_45" title="Interstate 45"><img alt="I-45 (TX).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-45_%28TX%29.svg/26px-I-45_%28TX%29.svg.png" width="26" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-45_%28TX%29.svg/39px-I-45_%28TX%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-45_%28TX%29.svg/52px-I-45_%28TX%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Texas" title="Interstate 69 in Texas"><img alt="I-69 (TX).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/I-69_%28TX%29.svg/26px-I-69_%28TX%29.svg.png" width="26" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/I-69_%28TX%29.svg/39px-I-69_%28TX%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/I-69_%28TX%29.svg/52px-I-69_%28TX%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_610_in_Texas" title="Interstate 610 in Texas"><img alt="I-610 (TX).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/I-610_%28TX%29.svg/31px-I-610_%28TX%29.svg.png" width="31" height="25" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/I-610_%28TX%29.svg/47px-I-610_%28TX%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/I-610_%28TX%29.svg/62px-I-610_%28TX%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedrow">
<th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Routes" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Routes">U.S. Routes</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_59_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 59 in Texas"><img alt="US 59.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_59.svg/26px-US_59.svg.png" width="26" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_59.svg/39px-US_59.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/US_59.svg/52px-US_59.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_90_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 90 in Texas"><img alt="US 90.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_90.svg/26px-US_90.svg.png" width="26" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_90.svg/39px-US_90.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/US_90.svg/52px-US_90.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_290" title="U.S. Route 290"><img alt="US 290.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_290.svg/32px-US_290.svg.png" width="32" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_290.svg/48px-US_290.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/US_290.svg/64px-US_290.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow">
<th scope="row">Website</th>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/">houstontx.gov</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Houston</b> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span><small class="nowrap">&#160;(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Houston.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="About this sound" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a>&#160;</span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/En-us-Houston.ogg" class="internal" title="En-us-Houston.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</small></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HYOO</span>-stən</i></a>) is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Texas_by_population" title="List of cities in Texas by population">the most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">fourth-most populous city in the United States</a>, with a census-estimated 2016 population of 2.303&#160;million<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-2">[2]</a></sup> within a land area of 599.59 square miles (1,552.9&#160;km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_United_States_cities_by_population-7">[7]</a></sup> It is the largest city in the Southern United States,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> and the seat of <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris&#160;County</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, it is the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> metro area, which is the fifth-most populated <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a> in the United States.</p>
<p>Houston was founded on August 30, 1836, near the banks of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou" title="Buffalo Bayou">Buffalo Bayou</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_Landing" title="Allen's Landing">Allen's Landing</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Allen's_Landing_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen's_Landing-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HouHTO_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouHTO-10">[10]</a></sup> and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a>, who was president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> and had commanded and won at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a> 25 miles (40&#160;km) east of where the city was established.<sup id="cite_ref-HouHTO_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouHTO-10">[10]</a></sup> The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with <a href="/wiki/Spindletop#History" title="Spindletop">oil discovery</a> in 1901 and Houston's replacement of Galveston as Texas's primary port following <a href="/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane" title="1900 Galveston hurricane">a devastating hurricane</a>, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-20th century, Houston became the home of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a>—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a> is located.</p>
<p>Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. Leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment, Houston has the second most <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits (after New York City).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kearney_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kearney-12">[12]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Houston" title="Port of Houston">Port of Houston</a> ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled.<sup id="cite_ref-port_ranking_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-port_ranking-13">[13]</a></sup> Nicknamed the "Space City", Houston is a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a>, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine, and research. The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Houston" title="Demographics of Houston">most diverse city</a> in Texas and has been described as the most racially and ethnically diverse major metropolis in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7&#160;million visitors a year to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a>. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Theater_District" title="Houston Theater District">Theater&#160;District</a> and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.<sup id="cite_ref-ikvngd_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ikvngd-15">[15]</a></sup></p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Geology"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Geology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Cityscape"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cityscape</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Architecture"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Arts_and_theater"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Arts and theater</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Tourism_and_recreation"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism and recreation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Government_and_politics"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Government and politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Crime"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Crime</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Colleges and universities</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Infrastructure"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Healthcare"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Healthcare</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Highways"><span class="tocnumber">10.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Highways</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Transit_systems"><span class="tocnumber">10.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Transit systems</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Cycling"><span class="tocnumber">10.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cycling</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Airports"><span class="tocnumber">10.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Airports</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Sister_cities"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Sister cities</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Houston" title="History of Houston">History of Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Houston" title="Timeline of Houston">Timeline of Houston</a></div>
<div class="quotebox pullquote" style="float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0; width:20em; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 90%; background-color: #B0C4DE;">
<div class="" style="background-color: #B0C4DE; color: black; text-align: center; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">Historical affiliations</div>
<div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;">
<div><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> 1769–1821<br />
<a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a> 1821–1823<br />
<a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Republic" title="First Mexican Republic">United Mexican States</a> 1823–1836<br />
<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> 1836–1846<br />
United States of America 1846–1860<br />
<a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> 1860–1865<br />
United States of America 1865–present</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_houston.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Samuel_houston.jpg/170px-Samuel_houston.jpg" width="170" height="230" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Samuel_houston.jpg/255px-Samuel_houston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Samuel_houston.jpg/340px-Samuel_houston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="561" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_houston.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>On August 26, 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Chapman_Allen" title="Augustus Chapman Allen">Augustus Chapman Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_Allen" title="John Kirby Allen">John Kirby Allen</a>, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) of land along <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou" title="Buffalo Bayou">Buffalo Bayou</a> with the intent of founding a city.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT09042017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT09042017-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coutinho_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coutinho-17">[17]</a></sup> According to historian, David McComb, "[T]he brothers, on August 26, 1836, bought from Elizabeth E. Parrott, wife of T.F.L. Parrott and widow of John Austin, the south half of the lower league [2,214 acres of land] granted to her by her late husband. They paid $5,000 total, but only $1,000 of this in cash; notes made up the remainder."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> The Allen brothers decided to name the city after <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a>, the popular general at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Coutinho_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coutinho-17">[17]</a></sup> who was elected President of Texas in September 1836. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the domestic slave trade. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but slave dealers were in Houston. Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved</a> blacks lived near the city before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5, 1837, with <a href="/wiki/James_Sanders_Holman" title="James Sanders Holman">James S. Holman</a> becoming its first mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-HouHTO_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouHTO-10">[10]</a></sup> In the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County (now Harris County) and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-SHQa4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHQa4-19">[19]</a></sup> In 1840, the community established a chamber of commerce in part to promote shipping and waterborne business at the newly created port on Buffalo Bayou.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></p>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg/220px-Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg" width="220" height="171" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg/330px-Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg/440px-Old_map-Houston-1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9255" data-file-height="7194" /></a>
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Houston, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1873</span></div>
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<p>By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton.<sup id="cite_ref-SHQa4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHQa4-19">[19]</a></sup> Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Houston served as a headquarters for General <a href="/wiki/John_B._Magruder" title="John B. Magruder">John Bankhead Magruder</a>, who used the city as an organization point for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galveston" title="Battle of Galveston">Battle of Galveston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabine_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabine-21">[21]</a></sup> After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Station,_Houston,_Texas.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/220px-Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/330px-Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/440px-Union_Station%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="468" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Houston)" title="Union Station (Houston)">Union Station</a>, Houston, Texas (postcard, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1911</span>)</div>
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<p>In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane_of_1900" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston Hurricane of 1900">hurricane</a>, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> The following year, the discovery of oil at the <a href="/wiki/Spindletop" title="Spindletop">Spindletop</a> <a href="/wiki/Oil_field" title="Oil field">oil field</a> near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> In 1902, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> approved a $1-million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910, the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. African Americans formed a large part of the city's population, numbering 23,929 people, which was nearly one-third of the residents.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup></p>
<p>President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> opened the deep-water Port of Houston in 1914, seven years after digging began. By 1930, Houston had become Texas' most populous city and Harris County the most populous county.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Houston's population as 77.5% white and 22.4% black.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-26">[26]</a></sup></p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg/220px-Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg" width="220" height="91" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg/330px-Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg/440px-Downtown_Houston_TX_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="248" /></a>
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Downtown Houston, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1927</span></div>
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<p>When <a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">World War II</a> started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-shipchannel_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shipchannel-27">[27]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ellington_Airport_(Texas)" title="Ellington Airport (Texas)">Ellington Field</a>, initially built during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Brown_Shipbuilding_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Shipbuilding Company">Brown Shipbuilding Company</a> was founded in 1942 to build ships for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> during World War II. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. President Roosevelt had established a policy of nondiscrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence. Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 1945, the M.D. Anderson Foundation formed the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a>. After the war, Houston's economy reverted to being primarily port-driven. In 1948, the city annexed several unincorporated areas, more than doubling its size. Houston proper began to spread across the region.<sup id="cite_ref-HouHTO_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouHTO-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 1950, the availability of air conditioning provided impetus for many companies to relocate to Houston, where wages were lower than those in the North; this resulted in an economic boom and produced a key shift in the city's economy toward the energy sector.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg/220px-Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg/330px-Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg/440px-Ashburn%27s_Houston_City_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="562" /></a>
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Ashburn's Houston City Map (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1956</span>)</div>
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The space shuttle <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger"><i>Challenger</i></a> atop its Boeing 747 <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">SCA</a>, flying over <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>, 1983</div>
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<p>The increased production of the expanded shipbuilding industry during World War II spurred Houston's growth,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> as did the establishment in 1961 of NASA's "Manned Spacecraft Center" (renamed the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a> in 1973). This was the stimulus for the development of the city's aerospace industry. The <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Astrodome">Astrodome</a>, nicknamed the "<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Wonder_of_the_World" title="Eighth Wonder of the World">Eighth Wonder of the World</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> opened in 1965 as the world's first indoor domed sports stadium.</p>
<p>During the late 1970s, Houston had a population boom as people from the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a> states moved to Texas in large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> The new residents came for numerous employment opportunities in the petroleum industry, created as a result of the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">Arab oil embargo</a>. With the increase in professional jobs, Houston has become a destination for many college-educated persons, including African Americans in a reverse <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> from northern areas.</p>
<p>In 1997, Houstonians elected <a href="/wiki/Lee_P._Brown" title="Lee P. Brown">Lee P. Brown</a> as the city's first African American mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup></p>
<p>In June 2001, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Allison" title="Tropical Storm Allison">Tropical Storm Allison</a> dumped up to 40 inches (1,000&#160;mm) of rain on parts of Houston, causing what was then the worst flooding in the city's history. The storm cost billions of dollars in damage and killed 20 people in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> By December of that same year, Houston-based energy company <a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a> collapsed into the third-largest ever U.S. bankruptcy during an investigation surrounding fabricated partnerships that were allegedly used to hide debt and inflate profits.</p>
<p>In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans, who evacuated from <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> One month later, about 2.5&#160;million Houston-area residents evacuated when <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Hurricane Rita</a> approached the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a>, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> In September 2008, Houston was hit by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Hurricane Ike</a>. As many as 40% of residents refused to leave <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Island" title="Galveston Island">Galveston Island</a> because they feared the type of traffic problems that had happened after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Hurricane Rita</a>.</p>
<p>During the floods in <a href="/wiki/2015_Texas%E2%80%93Oklahoma_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Texas–Oklahoma floods">2015</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Houston_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Houston floods">2016</a>, parts of the city were covered in several inches of water.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2017, Houston hosted <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI" title="Super Bowl LI">Super Bowl LI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> This is the third Super Bowl for the city, with the previous games being held in 1974 and 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup></p>
<p>In late August 2017, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a> caused severe flooding in the Houston area, with some areas receiving over 50 inches (1,300&#160;mm) of rain.<sup id="cite_ref-gallons_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallons-44">[44]</a></sup> Winds reached up to 145 miles per hour, and rainfall exceeded 50 inches in several areas locally, breaking the national record for rainfall. The damage for the Houston area is estimated at up to $125 billion <a href="/wiki/U.S._dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. dollars">U.S. dollars</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup>, and it is considered to be one of the worst <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_the_United_States" title="List of natural disasters in the United States">natural disasters in the history of the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hurricane_Harvey_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurricane_Harvey-46">[46]</a></sup> with the death toll exceeding 70 people. On January 31, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">Houston City Council</a> agreed to forgive large water bills thousands of households faced in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston_Public_Works&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Houston Public Works (page does not exist)">Houston Public Works</a> found 6,362 homeowners' accounts doubled at least.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Houston" title="Geography of Houston">Geography of Houston</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg/220px-Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg" width="220" height="190" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg/330px-Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg/440px-Large_Houston_Landsat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="845" /></a>
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A simulated-color image of Houston</div>
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<p>Houston is located 165 miles (266&#160;km) east of <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> 112 miles (180&#160;km) west of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> border, and 250 miles (400&#160;km) south of <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700&#160;km<sup>2</sup>); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) of land and 22.3 square miles (58&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) covered by water.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a> are north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Gulf_coastal_grasslands" title="Western Gulf coastal grasslands">gulf coastal plain</a>, and its vegetation is classified as <a href="/wiki/Temperate_grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate grassland">temperate grassland</a> and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> and are all still visible in surrounding areas. The flatness of the local terrain, when combined with <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> Downtown stands about 50 feet (15&#160;m) above sea level,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38&#160;m) in elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a> forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Houston" title="Lake Houston">Lake&#160;Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Conroe" title="Lake Conroe">Lake Conroe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Livingston" title="Lake Livingston">Lake Livingston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HouHTO_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HouHTO-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep-56">[56]</a></sup> The city owns surface water rights for 1.20&#160;billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day of groundwater.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston has four major <a href="/wiki/Bayous" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayous">bayous</a> passing through the city that accept water from the extensive drainage system. <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou" title="Buffalo Bayou">Buffalo Bayou</a> runs through downtown and the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a>, and has three tributaries: <a href="/wiki/White_Oak_Bayou" title="White Oak Bayou">White Oak Bayou</a>, which runs through the Houston&#160;Heights community northwest of Downtown and then towards Downtown; <a href="/wiki/Brays_Bayou" title="Brays Bayou">Brays Bayou</a>, which runs along the Texas Medical Center;<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> and Sims Bayou, which runs through the south of Houston and downtown Houston. The ship channel continues past Galveston and then into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shipchannel_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shipchannel-27">[27]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Geology">Geology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Houston is flat <a href="/wiki/Marshy" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshy">marshy</a> area where an extensive drainage system has been built. The adjoining <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> land drains into the city which is prone to flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> Underpinning Houston's land surface are <a href="/wiki/Consolidation_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation (geology)">unconsolidated</a> clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">halite</a>, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into <a href="/wiki/Salt_dome" title="Salt dome">salt dome</a> formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Houston area has over 150 active <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a> (estimated to be 300 <a href="/wiki/Active_fault" title="Active fault">active faults</a>) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500&#160;km),<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Long_Point%E2%80%93Eureka_Heights_fault_system" title="Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system">Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system</a> which runs through the center of the city. No significant historically recorded earthquakes have occurred in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some areas southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out of the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup> These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed "<a href="/wiki/Aseismic_creep" title="Aseismic creep">fault creep</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep-56">[56]</a></sup> which further reduces the risk of an earthquake.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Houston" title="Climate of Houston">Climate of Houston</a></div>
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<a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_Landing" title="Allen's Landing">Allen's Landing</a> after <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Allison" title="Tropical Storm Allison">Tropical Storm Allison</a>, June 2001</div>
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<p>Houston's climate is classified as <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid&#160;subtropical</a> (<i>Cfa</i> in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen climate classification system">Köppen climate classification system</a>), typical of <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>. While not located in "<a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>", like much of the rest of Texas, spring <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercell thunderstorms</a> sometimes bring tornadoes to the area. Prevailing winds are from the south and southeast during most of the year, which bring heat and moisture from the nearby Gulf of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup></p>
<p>During the summer, temperatures commonly reach over 90&#160;°F (32&#160;°C), with an average of 106.5&#160;days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90&#160;°F (32&#160;°C) or above and 4.6 days at or over 100&#160;°F (38&#160;°C).<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67">[67]</a></sup> However, humidity usually yields a higher <a href="/wiki/Apparent_temperature" title="Apparent temperature">heat index</a>. Summer mornings average over 90% <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> Although sea breezes are present, they don't offer substantial relief, except in the southeastern areas of the city closer to the Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the "most air-conditioned place on earth".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup> Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109&#160;°F (43&#160;°C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000, and August 28, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67">[67]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston has mild winters. In January, the normal mean temperature at Intercontinental Airport is 53.1&#160;°F (12&#160;°C), while that station has an average of 13 days with a low at or below freezing. Snowfall is rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on <a href="/wiki/2004_Christmas_Eve_Snowstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Christmas Eve Snowstorm">December 24, 2004</a> when 1 inch (3&#160;cm) of snow accumulated in parts of the metro area.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> There was also snowfall on December 7, 2017, when Houston received 0.7 inches (2&#160;cm) of snowfall.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-surprises_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surprises-73">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup> Snowfalls of at least 1.0 inch (2.5&#160;cm) on both December 10, 2008, and December 4, 2009, marked the first time measurable snowfall had occurred in two consecutive years in the city's recorded history. Houston has seen snowfall 38 times between 1985 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-surprises_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surprises-73">[73]</a></sup> On February 14 and February 15, 1895, Houston received 20 inches (51&#160;cm) of snow, its largest snowfall from one storm on record.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> The coldest temperature officially recorded in Houston was 5&#160;°F (−15&#160;°C) on January 18, 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67">[67]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston has historically received an ample amount of rainfall, averaging about 49.8&#160;in (1,260&#160;mm) annually based on records between 1981 and 2010. Localized flooding often occurs, owing to the extremely flat topography and widespread typical clay-silt prairie soils, which do not drain quickly. As of August 27, 2017, Houston and its surrounding areas received intense flash flooding due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></sup> Overall, there have been more casualties and property loss from floods in Houston, than any other locality in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston has excessive <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> levels and is routinely ranked among the most ozone-polluted cities in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup> Ground-level ozone, or smog, is Houston's predominant air pollution problem, with the <a href="/wiki/American_Lung_Association" title="American Lung Association">American Lung Association</a> rating the metropolitan area's ozone level twelfth on the "Most Polluted Cities by Ozone" in 2017, after major cities such as Los Angeles, Phoenix, New York City and Denver.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> The industries located along the ship channel are a major cause of the city's air pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-cleanhouston_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cleanhouston-80">[80]</a></sup> The rankings are in terms of peak-based standards, focusing strictly on the worst days of the year; the average ozone levels in Houston are lower than what is seen in most other areas of the country, as dominant winds ensure clean, marine air from the Gulf. <sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup></p>
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<table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">
<tr>
<th colspan="14">Climate data for Houston (<a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">Intercontinental Airport</a>), 1981–2010 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[a]</a></sup> extremes 1888–present<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[b]</a></sup></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month</th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Feb</th>
<th scope="col">Mar</th>
<th scope="col">Apr</th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">Jun</th>
<th scope="col">Jul</th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">Sep</th>
<th scope="col">Oct</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">84<br />
(29)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;">91<br />
(33)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96<br />
(36)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;">95<br />
(35)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">99<br />
(37)</td>
<td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;">107<br />
(42)</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />
(41)</td>
<td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;">109<br />
(43)</td>
<td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;">109<br />
(43)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">99<br />
(37)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;">89<br />
(32)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">85<br />
(29)</td>
<td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">109<br />
(43)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;">78.4<br />
(25.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;">80.8<br />
(27.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;">84.8<br />
(29.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;">88.9<br />
(31.6)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;">93.6<br />
(34.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">97.0<br />
(36.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;">98.4<br />
(36.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100.4<br />
(38)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96.9<br />
(36.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;">91.8<br />
(33.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;">85.0<br />
(29.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">80.0<br />
(26.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">101.0<br />
(38.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;">62.9<br />
(17.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;">66.3<br />
(19.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;">73.0<br />
(22.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;">79.6<br />
(26.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;">86.3<br />
(30.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;">91.4<br />
(33)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;">93.7<br />
(34.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;">94.5<br />
(34.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;">89.7<br />
(32.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;">82.0<br />
(27.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;">72.5<br />
(22.5)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;">64.3<br />
(17.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">79.7<br />
(26.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;">53.1<br />
(11.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;">56.4<br />
(13.6)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;">62.7<br />
(17.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;">69.5<br />
(20.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;">76.9<br />
(24.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;">82.4<br />
(28)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;">84.4<br />
(29.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;">84.6<br />
(29.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">79.8<br />
(26.6)</td>
<td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;">71.5<br />
(21.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;">62.3<br />
(16.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;">54.4<br />
(12.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">69.9<br />
(21.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;">43.2<br />
(6.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;">46.5<br />
(8.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;">52.5<br />
(11.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;">59.4<br />
(15.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;">67.6<br />
(19.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;">73.5<br />
(23.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;">75.1<br />
(23.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;">74.8<br />
(23.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;">69.8<br />
(21)</td>
<td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;">60.9<br />
(16.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;">52.1<br />
(11.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;">44.6<br />
(7)</td>
<td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">60.0<br />
(15.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;">26.7<br />
(−2.9)</td>
<td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;">29.5<br />
(−1.4)</td>
<td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">34.0<br />
(1.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;">42.0<br />
(5.6)</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;">53.3<br />
(11.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;">65.2<br />
(18.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;">69.4<br />
(20.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;">68.6<br />
(20.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;">55.7<br />
(13.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;">43.4<br />
(6.3)</td>
<td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;">34.5<br />
(1.4)</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;">27.5<br />
(−2.5)</td>
<td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">23.5<br />
(−4.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;">5<br />
(−15)</td>
<td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">6<br />
(−14)</td>
<td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;">21<br />
(−6)</td>
<td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">31<br />
(−1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />
(6)</td>
<td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;">52<br />
(11)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;">62<br />
(17)</td>
<td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;">54<br />
(12)</td>
<td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;">45<br />
(7)</td>
<td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;">29<br />
(−2)</td>
<td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;">19<br />
(−7)</td>
<td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;">7<br />
(−14)</td>
<td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">5<br />
(−15)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm)</th>
<td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;">3.38<br />
(85.9)</td>
<td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;">3.20<br />
(81.3)</td>
<td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;">3.41<br />
(86.6)</td>
<td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;">3.31<br />
(84.1)</td>
<td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;">5.09<br />
(129.3)</td>
<td style="background: #17FF17; color:#000000;">5.93<br />
(150.6)</td>
<td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;">3.79<br />
(96.3)</td>
<td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;">3.76<br />
(95.5)</td>
<td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;">4.12<br />
(104.6)</td>
<td style="background: #27FF27; color:#000000;">5.70<br />
(144.8)</td>
<td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;">4.34<br />
(110.2)</td>
<td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;">3.74<br />
(95)</td>
<td style="background: #5FFF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">49.77<br />
(1,264.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span></th>
<td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;">9.6</td>
<td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;">9.2</td>
<td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;">8.8</td>
<td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;">6.8</td>
<td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;">8.0</td>
<td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;">10.6</td>
<td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;">9.1</td>
<td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;">8.3</td>
<td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;">8.0</td>
<td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;">7.9</td>
<td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;">8.2</td>
<td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;">9.5</td>
<td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">104.0</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%)</th>
<td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;">74.7</td>
<td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;">73.4</td>
<td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;">72.7</td>
<td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;">73.1</td>
<td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;">75.0</td>
<td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;">74.6</td>
<td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;">74.4</td>
<td style="background: #0000DE; color:#FFFFFF;">75.1</td>
<td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;">76.8</td>
<td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;">75.4</td>
<td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;">76.0</td>
<td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;">75.5</td>
<td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">74.7</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a></th>
<td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;">143.4</td>
<td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;">155.0</td>
<td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;">192.5</td>
<td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;">209.8</td>
<td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;">249.2</td>
<td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;">281.3</td>
<td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;">293.9</td>
<td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;">270.5</td>
<td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;">236.5</td>
<td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;">228.8</td>
<td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;">168.3</td>
<td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;">148.7</td>
<td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">2,577.9</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a></th>
<td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;">44</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;">50</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;">52</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;">54</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;">59</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;">67</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;">68</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;">66</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;">64</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;">64</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;">53</td>
<td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;">47</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">58</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1969–1990, sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_txt_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_txt-85">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-noaasun_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaasun-86">[84]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;">
<tr>
<th colspan="14">Climate data for Houston (<a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby_Airport" title="William P. Hobby Airport">William P. Hobby Airport</a>), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1941–present</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Month</th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Feb</th>
<th scope="col">Mar</th>
<th scope="col">Apr</th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">Jun</th>
<th scope="col">Jul</th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">Sep</th>
<th scope="col">Oct</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">85<br />
(29)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;">87<br />
(31)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96<br />
(36)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;">94<br />
(34)</td>
<td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />
(38)</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />
(41)</td>
<td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;">104<br />
(40)</td>
<td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">106<br />
(41)</td>
<td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;">108<br />
(42)</td>
<td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96<br />
(36)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;">90<br />
(32)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">84<br />
(29)</td>
<td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">108<br />
(42)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;">63.0<br />
(17.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;">66.0<br />
(18.9)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;">72.4<br />
(22.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;">78.8<br />
(26)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;">85.4<br />
(29.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;">90.1<br />
(32.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;">92.1<br />
(33.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;">92.6<br />
(33.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;">88.4<br />
(31.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;">81.2<br />
(27.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;">72.4<br />
(22.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;">64.5<br />
(18.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">78.9<br />
(26.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;">54.1<br />
(12.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;">57.3<br />
(14.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;">63.3<br />
(17.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;">69.8<br />
(21)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;">77.0<br />
(25)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;">82.0<br />
(27.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;">83.8<br />
(28.8)</td>
<td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">84.2<br />
(29)</td>
<td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">80.1<br />
(26.7)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;">72.1<br />
(22.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;">63.2<br />
(17.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;">55.6<br />
(13.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">70.3<br />
(21.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;">45.1<br />
(7.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;">48.5<br />
(9.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;">54.3<br />
(12.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;">60.9<br />
(16.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;">68.7<br />
(20.4)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;">73.9<br />
(23.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;">75.5<br />
(24.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;">75.7<br />
(24.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;">71.7<br />
(22.1)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;">63.1<br />
(17.3)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;">53.9<br />
(12.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;">46.7<br />
(8.2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">61.5<br />
(16.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C)</th>
<td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;">10<br />
(−12)</td>
<td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">14<br />
(−10)</td>
<td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;">22<br />
(−6)</td>
<td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;">36<br />
(2)</td>
<td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;">44<br />
(7)</td>
<td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;">56<br />
(13)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;">64<br />
(18)</td>
<td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;">64<br />
(18)</td>
<td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;">50<br />
(10)</td>
<td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">33<br />
(1)</td>
<td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">25<br />
(−4)</td>
<td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;">9<br />
(−13)</td>
<td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">9<br />
(−13)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm)</th>
<td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;">3.87<br />
(98.3)</td>
<td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;">3.21<br />
(81.5)</td>
<td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;">3.20<br />
(81.3)</td>
<td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;">3.25<br />
(82.6)</td>
<td style="background: #4BFF4B; color:#000000;">4.75<br />
(120.7)</td>
<td style="background: #00E800; color:#000000;">7.10<br />
(180.3)</td>
<td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000;">4.66<br />
(118.4)</td>
<td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;">5.06<br />
(128.5)</td>
<td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;">5.21<br />
(132.3)</td>
<td style="background: #1CFF1C; color:#000000;">5.99<br />
(152.1)</td>
<td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;">4.32<br />
(109.7)</td>
<td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;">4.03<br />
(102.4)</td>
<td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">54.65<br />
(1,388.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span></th>
<td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;">9.2</td>
<td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;">9.0</td>
<td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;">8.0</td>
<td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;">7.1</td>
<td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;">7.3</td>
<td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;">9.9</td>
<td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;">9.1</td>
<td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;">9.8</td>
<td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;">9.1</td>
<td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;">7.6</td>
<td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;">8.5</td>
<td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;">9.1</td>
<td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">103.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67">[67]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cityscape">Cityscape</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geographic_areas_of_Houston" title="Geographic areas of Houston">Geographic areas of Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_neighborhoods" title="List of Houston neighborhoods">List of Houston neighborhoods</a></div>
<p>Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">ward</a> system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the 11 current-day geographically oriented <a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">Houston City Council</a> districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_610_(Texas)" title="Interstate 610 (Texas)">Interstate&#160;610 Loop</a>. The inside encompasses the central business district and many pre–World War II residential neighborhoods. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs, and enclaves are located outside the loop. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Beltway_8" title="Texas State Highway Beltway 8">Beltway 8</a> encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0&#160;km) farther out.</p>
<p>Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> regulations, it has developed similarly to other <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a> cities because the city's land use regulations and <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(law)#In_a_legal_context" title="Covenant (law)">legal covenants</a> have played a similar role.<sup id="cite_ref-nytzoning_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytzoning-87">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nozoning_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nozoning-88">[86]</a></sup> Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some<sup id="cite_ref-nozoning_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nozoning-88">[86]</a></sup> have blamed the city's low density, <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble" title="United States housing bubble">2008 real estate crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></sup> The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a></sup></p>
<p>Voters rejected efforts to have separate residential and commercial land-use districts in 1948, 1962, and 1993. Consequently, rather than a single central business district as the center of the city's employment, multiple districts have grown throughout the city in addition to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">downtown</a> which include <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas&#160;Medical&#160;Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown,_Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Midtown, Houston, Texas">Midtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenway_Plaza" title="Greenway Plaza">Greenway&#160;Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial City">Memorial City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston_Energy_Corridor" title="Houston Energy Corridor">Energy Corridor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westchase,_Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchase, Houston, Texas">Westchase</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenspoint,_Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenspoint, Houston, Texas">Greenspoint</a>.</p>
<div class="thumb noresize tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1008px;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="">
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg" class="image" title="The western view of Downtown Houston skyline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg/1000px-Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg" width="1000" height="296" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg/1500px-Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg/2000px-Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13916" data-file-height="4122" /></a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_from_Sabine_Park.jpg" title="File:Houston from Sabine Park.jpg"></a></div>
The western view of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a> skyline</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb noresize tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:100%; max-width:1008px;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="">
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;direction:rtl;"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston,_TX.jpg" class="image" title="‪Northwestern view of the Texas Medical Center skyline‬"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg/1000px-Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg" width="1000" height="225" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg/1500px-Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg/2000px-Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston%2C_TX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_the_Texas_Medical_Center_-_Houston,_TX.jpg" title="File:Skyline of the Texas Medical Center - Houston, TX.jpg"></a></div>
Northwestern view of the Texas Medical Center skyline</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb noresize tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1008px;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="">
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Uptown_Houston.jpg" class="image" title="The Uptown Houston skyline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Uptown_Houston.jpg/1000px-Uptown_Houston.jpg" width="1000" height="334" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Uptown_Houston.jpg/1500px-Uptown_Houston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Uptown_Houston.jpg/2000px-Uptown_Houston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="800" /></a></div>
<div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Uptown_Houston.jpg" title="File:Uptown Houston.jpg"></a></div>
The <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown Houston</a> skyline</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture">Architecture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Three skyscrapers visually overlap each other. The simple, rectangular tiers of JPMorgan Chase Building contrast with the five-sided tower of the Pennzoil building and the stepped rows of spires of the Bank of America building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg/220px-Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg" width="220" height="288" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg/330px-Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg/440px-Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="800" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Eras_-_Houston.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Four eras of buildings: <a href="/wiki/Texas_Company_Annex" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Company Annex">Texas Company Annex</a> (1910s), <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_Building_(Houston)" title="JPMorgan Chase Building (Houston)">JPMorgan Chase Building</a> (1920s), <a href="/wiki/Pennzoil_Place" title="Pennzoil Place">Pennzoil Place</a> (1970s), and <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America_Center_(Houston)" title="Bank of America Center (Houston)">Bank of America Center</a> (1980s)</div>
</div>
</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Houston" title="Architecture of Houston">Architecture of Houston</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Houston" title="List of tallest buildings in Houston">List of tallest buildings in Houston</a></div>
<p>Houston has the fourth-tallest skyline in North America (after New York City, Chicago, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>) and 36th-tallest in the world as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a></sup> A seven-mile (11&#160;km) <a href="/wiki/Houston_Downtown_Tunnel_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Downtown Tunnel System">system of tunnels and skywalks</a> links downtown buildings containing shops and restaurants, enabling pedestrians to avoid summer heat and rain while walking between buildings.</p>
<p>In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a> consisted of a collection of midrise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers was built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer <a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Hines" title="Gerald D. Hines">Gerald D. Hines</a>—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305&#160;m)-tall <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower_(Houston)" title="JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)">JPMorgan Chase Tower</a> (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_United_States" title="List of tallest buildings in the United States">15th tallest</a> building in the United States, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in the world">85th-tallest</a> skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302&#160;m)-tall <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Plaza_(Houston)" title="Wells Fargo Plaza (Houston)">Wells Fargo Plaza</a> (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th-tallest in the United States and the 95th-tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43&#160;million square feet (4,000,000&#160;m²) of office space.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a></sup></p>
<p>Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown District</a> boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of midrise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate&#160;610 West. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an <a href="/wiki/Edge_city" title="Edge city">edge city</a>. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275&#160;m)-tall, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Burgee" title="John Burgee">John Burgee</a> designed landmark <a href="/wiki/Williams_Tower" title="Williams Tower">Williams Tower</a> (known as the Transco Tower until 1999). At the time of construction, it was believed to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside a central business district. The new 20-story Skanska building<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a></sup> and BBVA Compass Plaza<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a></sup> are the newest office buildings built in Uptown after 30&#160;years. The Uptown District is also home to buildings designed by noted architects <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Pelli" title="César Pelli">César Pelli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a>. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a mini-boom of midrise and highrise <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower block">residential tower</a> construction occurred, with several over 30 stories tall.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a></sup> Since 2000 more than 30 high-rise buildings have gone up in Houston; all told, 72 high-rises tower over the city, which adds up to about 8,300 units.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a></sup> In 2002, Uptown had more than 23&#160;million square feet (2,100,000&#160;m²) of office space with 16&#160;million square feet (1,500,000&#160;m²) of <a href="/wiki/Class_A_office_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Class A office space">class A office space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a></sup></p>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg/92px-Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg" width="92" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg/138px-Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg/184px-Niels_Esperson_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="895" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The Niels Esperson Building stood as the tallest building in Houston from 1927 to 1929.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chase_Tower,_a_block_away.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg/65px-Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg" width="65" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg/97px-Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg/129px-Chase_Tower%2C_a_block_away.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="800" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower_(Houston)" title="JPMorgan Chase Tower (Houston)">JPMorgan Chase Tower</a> is the tallest building in Texas and the tallest 5-sided building in the world.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamstower.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Williamstower.jpg/54px-Williamstower.jpg" width="54" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Williamstower.jpg/82px-Williamstower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Williamstower.jpg/109px-Williamstower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1759" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Williams_Tower" title="Williams Tower">Williams Tower</a> is the tallest building in the US outside a central business district.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg/90px-Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg" width="90" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg/135px-Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg/180px-Bank_of_America_Center_Houston_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1094" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>The Bank of America Center by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a> is an example of <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">postmodern architecture</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:JPMorgan_Chase_Tower,_Houston,_Texas.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/72px-JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg" width="72" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/109px-JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg/145px-JPMorgan_Chase_Tower%2C_Houston%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>JPMorgan Chase Tower in Houston, Texas is the tallest composite building in the world.</p>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Houston" title="Demographics of Houston">Demographics of Houston</a></div>
<table class="toccolours" style="border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:right">
<tr>
<th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding-right:3px; padding-left:3px; font-size:110%; text-align:center">Historical population</th>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size:95%">
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Census</th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"></th>
<th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_Census" title="1850 United States Census">1850</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">2,396</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_Census" title="1860 United States Census">1860</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">4,845</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">102.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_Census" title="1870 United States Census">1870</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">9,382</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">93.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_Census" title="1880 United States Census">1880</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">16,513</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">76.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_Census" title="1890 United States Census">1890</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">27,557</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">66.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_Census" title="1900 United States Census">1900</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">44,633</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">62.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_Census" title="1910 United States Census">1910</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">78,800</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">76.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_Census" title="1920 United States Census">1920</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">138,276</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">75.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_Census" title="1930 United States Census">1930</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">292,352</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">111.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Census" title="1940 United States Census">1940</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">384,514</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">31.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" title="1950 United States Census">1950</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">596,163</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">55.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Census" title="1960 United States Census">1960</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">938,219</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">57.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" title="1970 United States Census">1970</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">1,232,802</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">31.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">1,595,138</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">29.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">1,630,553</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">2.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">1,953,631</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">19.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census">2010</a></b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">2,100,263</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">7.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><b>Est. 2016</b></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px;">2,303,482</td>
<td style="font-size:85%"><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2016_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2016-100">[98]</a></sup></td>
<td style="padding-left:8px; text-align: center;">9.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/">U.S. Decennial Census</a><br />
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2011/tables/SUB-EST2011-03-48.csv">2011 estimate</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Houston.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Map of ethnic distribution in Houston, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <span style="color:#ff0000"><b>White</b></span>, <span style="color:#0000ff"><b>Black</b></span>, <span style="color:#00ff80"><b>Asian</b></span>, <span style="color:#ff8000"><b>Hispanic</b></span> or <b>Other</b> (yellow)</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Greater Houston is the most ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the country. In the Houston region, non-Hispanic whites make up 38 percent of the population, Hispanics 36 percent, African-Americans 17 percent and Asians 9 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT09042017_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT09042017-16">[16]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston is multicultural, in part because of its many academic institutions and strong industries, as well as being a major port city. Over 90&#160;languages are spoken in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a></sup> It has among the youngest populations in the nation,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a></sup> partly due to an influx of immigrants into Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a></sup> An estimated 400,000 <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigrants</a> reside in the Houston area.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a></sup></p>
<p>According to the 2010 U.S. Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population was <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">non-Hispanic Whites</a>. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city. At the 2000 Census, 1,953,631 people inhabited the city, and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 6.3% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics made up 37.4% of Houston's population, while non-Hispanic Whites made up 30.8%,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107">[105]</a></sup> down from 62.4% in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-26">[26]</a></sup></p>
<p>The median income for a household in the city was $37,000, and for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $32,000 versus $27,000 for females. The per capita income was $20,000. About 19% of the population and 16% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total population, 26% of those under the age of 18 and 14% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.</p>
<p>According to a 2014 study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 73% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 50% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, and 19% professing <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a></sup> while 20% claim <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religious affiliation</a>. The same study says that other religions (including <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>) collectively make up about 7% of the population</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;">
<tr>
<th>Racial composition</th>
<th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></sup></th>
<th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-26">[26]</a></sup></th>
<th>1970<sup id="cite_ref-census1_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-26">[26]</a></sup></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td>
<td>50.5%</td>
<td>52.7%</td>
<td>73.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>—<a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></td>
<td>25.6%</td>
<td>40.6%</td>
<td>62.4%<sup id="cite_ref-fifteen_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifteen-111">[109]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a></td>
<td>23.7%</td>
<td>28.1%</td>
<td>25.7%,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-107">[105]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td>
<td>43.7%</td>
<td>27.6%</td>
<td>11.3%<sup id="cite_ref-fifteen_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifteen-111">[109]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>4.1%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:75%; text-align:center; margin:1em;">
<tr>
<td colspan="6" style="background:#9BDDFF;"><b>Top publicly traded companies<br />
in Houston for 2013</b><br />
<i>with Texas and U.S. ranks</i></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#ccc;">
<td><b>Texas</b></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#ccc;"><b>Corporation</b></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#ccc;"><b>US</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Phillips_66" title="Phillips 66">Phillips 66</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Products_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise Products Partners">Enterprise Products Partners</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>64</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Sysco" title="Sysco">Sysco</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>65</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Plains_All_American_Pipeline" title="Plains All American Pipeline">Plains All American Pipeline</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>77</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>106</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>135</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/National_Oilwell_Varco" title="National Oilwell Varco">National Oilwell Varco</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>144</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>21</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Corporation" title="Apache Corporation">Apache Corporation</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>167</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>22</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Oil" title="Marathon Oil">Marathon Oil</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>174</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>23</td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Waste_Management,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Waste Management, Inc.">Waste Management</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>29</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/EOG_Resources" title="EOG Resources">EOG Resources</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>233</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>30</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Kinder_Morgan" title="Kinder Morgan">Kinder Morgan</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>265</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>34</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_International" title="Cameron International">Cameron International</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>310</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>35</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/KBR_(company)" title="KBR (company)">KBR</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>334</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>37</td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Group_1_Automotive" title="Group 1 Automotive">Group 1 Automotive</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>343</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>38</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/CenterPoint_Energy" title="CenterPoint Energy">CenterPoint Energy</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>344</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>39</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Enbridge_Energy_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Enbridge Energy Partners">Enbridge Energy Partners</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>38</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>42</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Quanta_Services" title="Quanta Services">Quanta Services</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>413</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>44</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/FMC_Technologies" title="FMC Technologies">FMC Technologies</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>46</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Targa_Resources" title="Targa Resources">Targa Resources</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>435</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>48</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/MRC_Global" title="MRC Global">MRC Global</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>451</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>49</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Calpine" title="Calpine">Calpine</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>459</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>51</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Spectra_Energy" title="Spectra Energy">Spectra Energy</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>451</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6" style="background:#ccc;"><i><b>Notes</b></i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"><i>Rankings for fiscal year ended January 31, 2013</i></td>
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<td colspan="6" style="background:#afa;"><i>Energy and oil <small>(21 companies)</small></i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"><b>Source:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a></sup></td>
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<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Houston" title="Economy of Houston">Economy of Houston</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Houston" title="List of companies in Houston">List of companies in Houston</a></div>
<p>Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a> is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney.<sup id="cite_ref-kearney_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kearney-12">[12]</a></sup> The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3&#160;billion in merchandise exports.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a></sup> Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for roughly two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The top three destinations for exports were <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, Canada, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a></sup> Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Houston" title="Port of Houston">Port of Houston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a></sup> In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and 10th among the largest ports in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-port_ranking_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-port_ranking-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a></sup> Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a></sup> Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines:<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489&#160;billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>'s, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s, or South Africa's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a></sup> Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's regional gross area product (GAP).<sup id="cite_ref-imf2011gdp-world-eu_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2011gdp-world-eu-123">[121]</a></sup> In 2010, mining (which consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas in Houston) accounted for 26.3% of Houston's GAP up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity, followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a></sup></p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Houstonecon.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Houstonecon.jpg/220px-Houstonecon.jpg" width="220" height="149" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Houstonecon.jpg/330px-Houstonecon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/Houstonecon.jpg/440px-Houstonecon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="373" /></a>
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A graph showing the major sectors of the Houston economy<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a></sup></div>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_System" title="University of Houston System">University of Houston System</a>'s annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit, and 24,000 local jobs generated.<sup id="cite_ref-Economic_Impact_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economic_Impact-126">[124]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UH_System_Economic_Impact_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UH_System_Economic_Impact-127">[125]</a></sup> This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-UH_System_Economic_Impact_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UH_System_Economic_Impact-127">[125]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by <i>Forbes</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a></sup> Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third-highest in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a></sup> Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here with 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a></sup> Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2008, Houston received top ranking on <i>Kiplinger's Personal Finance</i> Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a></sup> The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15&#160;years, according to <i>Forbes</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a></sup> In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500"><i>Fortune</i> 500</a> list of company headquarters,<sup id="cite_ref-Fortune_500_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortune_500-134">[132]</a></sup> first for <i>Forbes</i> magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a></sup> and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a></sup> In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to <i>Forbes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2012, the city was ranked number one for paycheck worth by <i>Forbes</i> and in late May 2013, Houston was identified as America's top city for employment creation.<sup id="cite_ref-paycheck_ranking_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paycheck_ranking-138">[136]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-One_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-One-139">[137]</a></sup></p>
<p>In 2013, Houston was identified as the number one U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but also after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes. Furthermore, Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated, expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010, and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low.<sup id="cite_ref-One_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-One-139">[137]</a></sup> Also in 2013, Houston again appeared on <i>Forbes'</i> list of Best Places for Business and Careers.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a></sup></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Houston" title="Culture of Houston">Culture of Houston</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_in_Houston" title="List of events in Houston">List of events in Houston</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg/220px-Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg/330px-Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg/440px-Porsche_356_Art_Car.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Houston_Art_Car_Parade" title="Houston Art Car Parade">Houston Art Car Parade</a></div>
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<p>Located in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>, Houston is a diverse city with a large and growing international community.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a></sup> The Houston Metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1&#160;million (21.4 percent) residents who were born outside the United States, with nearly two-thirds of the area's foreign-born population from south of the United States–Mexico border.<sup id="cite_ref-ytlzpc_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ytlzpc-142">[140]</a></sup> Additionally, more than one in five foreign-born residents are from Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-ytlzpc_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ytlzpc-142">[140]</a></sup> The city is home to the nation's third-largest concentration of consular offices, representing 86 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a></sup></p>
<p>Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest-running is the annual <a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a>, held over 20&#160;days from early to late March, and is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a></sup> Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston <a href="/wiki/Houston_Gay_Pride_Parade" title="Houston Gay Pride Parade">Pride Parade</a>, held at the end of June.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a></sup> Other annual events include the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Greek_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Greek Festival">Houston Greek Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Art_Car_Parade" title="Houston Art Car Parade">Art Car Parade</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Auto_Show" title="Houston Auto Show">Houston Auto Show</a>, the Houston International Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Bayou_City_Art_Festival" title="Bayou City Art Festival">Bayou City Art Festival</a>, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanStyle2004_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanStyle2004-148">[146]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmericanStyle2005_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanStyle2005-149">[147]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston received the official nickname of "Space City" in 1967 because it is the location of NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Houston" title="Nicknames of Houston">Other nicknames</a> often used by locals include "Bayou City", "<a href="/wiki/Clutch_City" title="Clutch City">Clutch City</a>", "Magnolia City", and "H-Town".</p>
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<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg" class="image" title="The annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo held inside the NRG Stadium"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg/800px-Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg" width="800" height="218" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg/1200px-Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg/1600px-Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="1702" /></a></div>
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<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliant_Stadium_Houston_Rodeo.jpg" title="File:Reliant Stadium Houston Rodeo.jpg"></a></div>
The annual <a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a> held inside the <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a></div>
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<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg" class="image" title="The George R. Brown Convention Center regularly holds various kinds of conventions."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg/800px-George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg" width="800" height="206" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg/1200px-George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg/1600px-George_R._Brown_Convention_Center_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8696" data-file-height="2239" /></a></div>
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The <a href="/wiki/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center" title="George R. Brown Convention Center">George R. Brown Convention Center</a> regularly holds various kinds of conventions.</div>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Arts_and_theater">Arts and theater</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Arts and theater">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hobbycenter.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbycenter.jpg/220px-Hobbycenter.jpg" width="220" height="143" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbycenter.jpg/330px-Hobbycenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbycenter.jpg/440px-Hobbycenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="1400" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Hobby_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Hobby Center for the Performing Arts">Hobby Center for the Performing Arts</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MFA_houston.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MFA_houston.jpg/220px-MFA_houston.jpg" width="220" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MFA_houston.jpg/330px-MFA_houston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/MFA_houston.jpg/440px-MFA_houston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1000" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Houston">Museum of Fine Arts, Houston</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HMNS.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HMNS.jpg/220px-HMNS.jpg" width="220" height="91" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HMNS.jpg/330px-HMNS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HMNS.jpg/440px-HMNS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2887" data-file-height="1200" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_of_Natural_Science" title="Houston Museum of Natural Science">Houston Museum of Natural Science</a></div>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Theater_District" title="Houston Theater District">Houston Theater District</a>, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a></sup> Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (<a href="/wiki/Houston_Grand_Opera" title="Houston Grand Opera">Houston Grand Opera</a>), ballet (<a href="/wiki/Houston_Ballet" title="Houston Ballet">Houston Ballet</a>), music (<a href="/wiki/Houston_Symphony" title="Houston Symphony">Houston Symphony Orchestra</a>), and theater (<a href="/wiki/The_Alley_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Alley Theatre">The Alley Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Under_The_Stars_(Houston)" title="Theatre Under The Stars (Houston)">Theatre Under the Stars</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ikvngd_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ikvngd-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a></sup> Houston is also home to <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Art groups">art groups</a> and various small progressive arts organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a></sup> Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a></sup> Facilities in the Theater District include the <a href="/wiki/Jones_Hall" title="Jones Hall">Jones Hall</a>—home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Symphony Orchestra">Houston Symphony Orchestra</a> and Society for the Performing Arts—and the <a href="/wiki/Hobby_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Hobby Center for the Performing Arts">Hobby Center for the Performing Arts</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a>'s cultural institutions and exhibits attract more than 7&#160;million visitors a year.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a></sup> Notable facilities include <a href="/wiki/The_Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston">The Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_of_Natural_Science" title="Houston Museum of Natural Science">Houston Museum of Natural Science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Arts_Museum_Houston" title="Contemporary Arts Museum Houston">Contemporary Arts Museum Houston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Station_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Station Museum of Contemporary Art">Station Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Museum_Houston" title="Holocaust Museum Houston">Holocaust Museum Houston</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Zoo" title="Houston Zoo">Houston Zoo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a></sup> Located near the Museum District are <a href="/wiki/Menil_Collection" title="Menil Collection">The&#160;Menil&#160;Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rothko_Chapel" title="Rothko Chapel">Rothko Chapel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Fresco_Chapel_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum">Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Bayou_Bend_Collection_and_Gardens" title="Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens">Bayou Bend</a> is a 14-acre (5.7&#160;ha) facility of the Museum of Fine Arts that houses one of America's most prominent collections of decorative art, paintings, and furniture. Bayou Bend is the former home of Houston philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ima_Hogg" title="Ima Hogg">Ima Hogg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a></sup></p>
<p>The National Museum of Funeral History is located in Houston near the <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">George Bush Intercontinental Airport</a>. The museum houses the original <a href="/wiki/Popemobile" title="Popemobile">Popemobile</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in the 1980s along with numerous hearses, embalming displays, and information on famous funerals.</p>
<p>Venues across Houston regularly host local and touring rock, blues, country, dubstep, and Tejano musical acts. While Houston has never been widely known for its music scene,<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Houston_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston hip hop">Houston hip-hop</a> has become a significant, independent music scene that is influential nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Tourism and recreation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Discovery_green.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Discovery_green.JPG/220px-Discovery_green.JPG" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Discovery_green.JPG/330px-Discovery_green.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Discovery_green.JPG/440px-Discovery_green.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Discovery_Green" title="Discovery Green">Discovery Green</a> park in downtown</div>
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Shopping centers in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Houston" title="Chinatown, Houston">Chinatown</a></div>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Theater_District" title="Houston Theater District">Theater District</a> is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the <a href="/wiki/Bayou_Place" title="Bayou Place">Bayou Place</a> entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundance Cinema">Sundance Cinema</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bayou_Music_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayou Music Center">Bayou Music Center</a> stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. <a href="/wiki/Space_Center_Houston" title="Space Center Houston">Space Center Houston</a> is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including <a href="/wiki/Moon_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon rocks">moon rocks</a>, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the <a href="/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Galleria (Houston)">Galleria</a> (Texas's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_shopping_malls_in_the_United_States" title="List of largest shopping malls in the United States">largest</a> shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Aquarium,_Houston" title="Downtown Aquarium, Houston">Downtown Aquarium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Race_Park" title="Sam Houston Race Park">Sam Houston Race Park</a>.</p>
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<a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Hines_Waterwall_Park" title="Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park">Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown</a></div>
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<p>Of worthy mention are Houston's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Houston" title="Chinatown, Houston">current Chinatown</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandhi District">Mahatma Gandhi District</a>. Both areas offer a picturesque view of Houston's multicultural makeup. Restaurants, bakeries, traditional-clothing boutiques, and specialty shops can be found in both areas.</p>
<p>Houston is home to 337 parks, including <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Park" title="Hermann Park">Hermann Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Hershey_Park" title="Terry Hershey Park">Terry Hershey Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Houston" title="Lake Houston">Lake Houston Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Park,_Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Park, Houston, Texas">Memorial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tranquility_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranquility Park">Tranquility Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Park" title="Sesquicentennial Park">Sesquicentennial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Green" title="Discovery Green">Discovery Green</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Park" title="Sam Houston Park">Sam Houston Park</a>. Within Hermann Park are the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Zoo" title="Houston Zoo">Houston Zoo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_of_Natural_Science" title="Houston Museum of Natural Science">Houston Museum of Natural Science</a>. Sam Houston Park contains restored and reconstructed homes which were originally built between 1823 and 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a></sup> A proposal has been made to open the city's first botanic garden at Herman Brown Park.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a></sup></p>
<p>Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228&#160;km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a></sup> The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79&#160;km<sup>2</sup>) that are managed by the city—including the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Arboretum_and_Nature_Center" title="Houston Arboretum and Nature Center">Houston Arboretum and Nature Center</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lee_and_Joe_Jamail_Skatepark" title="Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark">Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark</a> is a public <a href="/wiki/Skatepark" title="Skatepark">skatepark</a> owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of a 30,000-ft<sup>2</sup> (2,800&#160;m<sup>2</sup>)in-ground facility. The <a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Hines_Waterwall_Park" title="Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park">Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park</a>—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction and for weddings and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wet%27n%27Wild_SplashTown" title="Wet'n'Wild SplashTown">Wet'n'Wild SplashTown</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Water_park" title="Water park">water park</a> located north of Houston.</p>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Bayport_Terminal" title="Bayport Terminal">Bayport Cruise Terminal</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a> is <a href="/wiki/Port#port_of_call" title="Port">port of call</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cruises" title="Princess Cruises">Princess Cruises</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line" title="Norwegian Cruise Line">Norwegian Cruise Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Houston" title="Sports in Houston">Sports in Houston</a></div>
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<a href="/wiki/Toyota_Center" title="Toyota Center">Toyota Center</a> is home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a></div>
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<p>Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> <a href="/wiki/Expansion_team" title="Expansion team">expansion team</a> formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that won the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> in <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Series" title="2017 World Series">2017</a> and previously appeared in <a href="/wiki/2005_World_Series" title="2005 World Series">2005</a>. It is the only MLB team to have won pennants in both modern leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a> are a <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> franchise based in the city since <a href="/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_NBA_season" title="1971–72 NBA season">1971</a>. They have won two <a href="/wiki/List_of_NBA_champions" title="List of NBA champions">NBA Championships</a>: in <a href="/wiki/1994_NBA_Finals" title="1994 NBA Finals">1994</a> and <a href="/wiki/1995_NBA_Finals" title="1995 NBA Finals">1995</a> under star players <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Olajuwon" title="Hakeem Olajuwon">Hakeem Olajuwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otis_Thorpe" title="Otis Thorpe">Otis Thorpe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Drexler" title="Clyde Drexler">Clyde Drexler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Maxwell" title="Vernon Maxwell">Vernon Maxwell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith" title="Kenny Smith">Kenny Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a> are a <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> expansion team formed in <a href="/wiki/2002_NFL_season" title="2002 NFL season">2002</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Dynamo" title="Houston Dynamo">Houston Dynamo</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> franchise that has been based in Houston since <a href="/wiki/2006_Major_League_Soccer_season" title="2006 Major League Soccer season">2006</a>, winning two <a href="/wiki/List_of_MLS_Cup_finals" title="List of MLS Cup finals">MLS Cup</a> titles in <a href="/wiki/2006_MLS_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 MLS Cup">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_MLS_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 MLS Cup">2007</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Dash" title="Houston Dash">Houston Dash</a> team plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Scrap_Yard_Dawgs" title="Scrap Yard Dawgs">Scrap Yard Dawgs</a>, a women's professional softball team, weare expected to play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Fastpitch" title="National Pro Fastpitch">National Pro Fastpitch</a> from 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a></sup> They're the 2017 NPF champions.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_SaberCats" title="Houston SaberCats">Houston SaberCats</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> team that plays in the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">Major League Rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Astros</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Center_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Center (Houston)">Toyota&#160;Center</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Rockets</a>), are located in downtown Houston. Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium with natural grass, <a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Texans</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a></sup> Minute Maid Park is also a retractable-roof stadium. Toyota Center also has the largest screen for an indoor arena in the United States built to coincide with the arena's hosting of the <a href="/wiki/2013_NBA_All-Star_Game" title="2013 NBA All-Star Game">2013 NBA All-Star Game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BBVA_Compass_Stadium" title="BBVA Compass Stadium">BBVA Compass Stadium</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium" title="Soccer-specific stadium">soccer-specific stadium</a> for the Houston Dynamo, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_Tigers_football" title="Texas Southern Tigers football">Texas Southern Tigers football</a> team, and Houston Dash, located in East Downtown. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Astrodome">NRG&#160;Astrodome</a> was the first indoor stadium in the world, built in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a></sup> Other sports facilities include <a href="/wiki/Hofheinz_Pavilion" title="Hofheinz Pavilion">Hofheinz&#160;Pavilion</a> (Houston Cougars basketball), <a href="/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)" title="Rice Stadium (Rice University)">Rice Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rice_Owls" title="Rice Owls">Rice Owls</a> football), and <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Arena">Reliant Arena</a>. <a href="/wiki/TDECU_Stadium" title="TDECU Stadium">TDECU Stadium</a> is where the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars" title="Houston Cougars">Houston Cougars</a> football team plays.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a></sup> Houston has hosted several major sports events: the <a href="/wiki/1968_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1986</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="2004 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">2004</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">Major League Baseball All-Star Games</a>; the <a href="/wiki/1989_NBA_All-Star_Game" title="1989 NBA All-Star Game">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_NBA_All-Star_Game" title="2006 NBA All-Star Game">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2013_NBA_All-Star_Game" title="2013 NBA All-Star Game">2013</a> <a href="/wiki/NBA_All-Star_Game" title="NBA All-Star Game">NBA All-Star Games</a>; <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_VIII" title="Super Bowl VIII">Super Bowl VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXVIII" title="Super Bowl XXXVIII">Super Bowl XXXVIII</a>, as well as hosting the <a href="/wiki/2005_World_Series" title="2005 World Series">2005 World Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/1981_NBA_Finals" title="1981 NBA Finals">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986_NBA_Finals" title="1986 NBA Finals">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/1994_NBA_Finals" title="1994 NBA Finals">1994</a> and <a href="/wiki/1995_NBA_Finals" title="1995 NBA Finals">1995 NBA Finals</a>, winning the latter two. NRG Stadium hosted <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LI" title="Super Bowl LI">Super Bowl LI</a> on February 5, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a></sup></p>
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<a href="/wiki/NRG_Stadium" title="NRG Stadium">NRG Stadium</a> is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a>.</div>
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<p>The city has hosted several major professional and college sporting events, including the annual <a href="/wiki/Shell_Houston_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Houston Open">Houston Open</a> golf tournament. Houston hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Houston_College_Classic" title="Houston College Classic">Houston College Classic</a> baseball tournament every February and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Bowl" title="Texas Bowl">Texas Bowl</a> in December.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a></sup></p>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Houston" title="Grand Prix of Houston">Grand Prix of Houston</a>, an annual auto race on the <a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</a> circuit is held on a 1.7-mile temporary street circuit in <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Park">Reliant Park</a>. The October 2013 event was held using a tweaked version of the 2006–2007 course.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a></sup> The event has a 5-year race contract through 2017 with IndyCar.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a></sup> In motorcycling, the Astrodome hosted an <a href="/wiki/AMA_Supercross_Championship" title="AMA Supercross Championship">AMA Supercross Championship</a> round from 1974 to 2003 and the NRG Stadium since 2003.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Houston" title="Politics of Houston">Politics of Houston</a></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg/220px-Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg/330px-Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg/440px-Houston_City_Hall-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1706" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Hall" title="Houston City Hall">Houston City Hall</a></div>
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<p>The city of Houston has a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">strong mayoral</a> form of municipal government.<sup id="cite_ref-home_rule_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-home_rule-184">[182]</a></sup> Houston is a <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">home rule</a> city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan">nonpartisan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-home_rule_184-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-home_rule-184">[182]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a></sup> The city's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">Houston City Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_City_Council_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_City_Council-186">[184]</a></sup> The current mayor of Houston is <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Turner" title="Sylvester Turner">Sylvester Turner</a>, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_Mayor's_Office_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_Mayor's_Office-187">[185]</a></sup></p>
<p>The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a></sup> At-large council members represent the entire city.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_City_Council_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_City_Council-186">[184]</a></sup> Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1&#160;million residents, two additional districts were to be added.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a></sup> The city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added for, and the positions filled during, the August 2011 elections.</p>
<p>The city <a href="/wiki/Comptroller" title="Comptroller">controller</a> is elected independently of the mayor and council. The controller's duties are to certify available funds prior to committing such funds and processing disbursements. The city's fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Chris Brown is the city controller, serving his first term as of January 2016.</p>
<p>As the result of a 2015 referendum in Houston, a mayor is elected for a four-year term, and can be elected to as many as two consecutive terms.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a></sup> The term limits were spearheaded in 1991 by conservative political activist <a href="/wiki/Clymer_Wright" title="Clymer Wright">Clymer Wright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a></sup> During 1991–2015, the city controller and city council members were subjected to a two-year, three-term limitation – the 2015 referendum amended term limits to two four-year terms. As of 2017 some councilmembers who served two terms and won a final term will have served eight years in office, whereas a freshman councilmember who won a position in 2013 can serve up to two additional terms under the previous term limit law – a select few will have at least 10 years of incumbency once their term expires.</p>
<p>Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican while the city's working class and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68&#160;percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62&#160;percent of Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005-192">[190]</a></sup> The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005-192">[190]</a></sup> As a result, the city is often a contested area in statewide elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005-192">[190]</a></sup> In 2009, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million citizens to elect a gay mayor, by electing <a href="/wiki/Annise_Parker" title="Annise Parker">Annise Parker</a>.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Crime">Crime</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Houston had 303 homicides in 2015 and 302 homicides in 2016. Officials predicted there would be 323 homicides in 2016. Instead, there was no increase in Houston's homicide rate between 2015 and 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a></sup><sup class="noprint selfreference">[<i><a href="/wiki/Talk:Houston" title="Talk:Houston">discuss</a></i>]</sup></p>
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Houston Police Department Memorial</div>
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<p>Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S. cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population).<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a></sup> In 2010, the city's murder rate (per capita rate of 11.8 murders per 100,000 population) was ranked sixth among U.S. cities with a population of over 750,000 (behind New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Dallas, and Philadelphia)<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a></sup> according to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI). Murders fell by 37&#160;percent from January to June 2011, compared with the same period in 2010. Houston's total crime rate including violent and nonviolent crimes decreased by 11&#160;percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Murder,_other_crimes_drop_in_Hoston_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murder,_other_crimes_drop_in_Hoston-196">[194]</a></sup> The FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR) indicates a downward trend of violent crime in Houston over the ten- and twenty-year periods ending in 2016, which is consistent with national trends. This trend toward lower rates of violent crime in Houston includes the murder rate, though it had seen a four-year uptick that lasted through 2015. Houston's violent crime rate is 8.6% percent higher in 2016 from the previous year. However, from 2006 to 2016, violent crime is still down 12 percent in Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-crime2016_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crime2016-197">[195]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston is a significant hub for trafficking of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>, heroin, <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> due to its size and proximity to major illegal drug exporting nations.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a></sup> Houston is one of the country's largest hubs for <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a></sup></p>
<p>In the early 1970s, Houston, <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Texas" title="Pasadena, Texas">Pasadena</a> and several coastal towns were the site of the <a href="/wiki/Dean_Corll" title="Dean Corll">Houston mass murders</a>, which at the time were the deadliest case of <a href="/wiki/Serial_killing" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial killing">serial killing</a> in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Houston" title="Education in Houston">Education in Houston</a></div>
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The Hattie Mae White Educational Support Center (HMWESC), which houses the <i>Houston independent School District</i> administrative offices</div>
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<p><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Houston" title="List of school districts in Houston">Seventeen school districts</a> exist within the city of Houston. The <i>Houston independent School District</i> (HISD) is the seventh-largest school district in the United&#160;States and the largest in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a></sup> HISD has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_Independent_School_District_schools" title="List of Houston Independent School District schools">112&#160;campuses</a> that serve as magnet or vanguard schools—specializing in such disciplines as health professions, visual and performing arts, and the sciences. There are also many charter schools that are run separately from school districts. In addition, some public school districts also have their own charter schools.</p>
<p>The Houston area encompasses more than 300 private schools,<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a></sup> many of which are accredited by Texas Private School Accreditation Commission recognized agencies. The Houston Area independent schools offer education from a variety of different religious as well as secular viewpoints.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a></sup> The Houston area Catholic schools are operated by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Galveston-Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston">Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston</a>.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Houston" title="List of colleges and universities in Houston">List of colleges and universities in Houston</a></div>
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<a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_University" title="Texas Southern University">Texas Southern University</a></div>
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<p>Four distinct state universities are located in Houston. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a> is a nationally recognized Tier&#160;One research university, and is the flagship institution of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_System" title="University of Houston System">University of Houston&#160;System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tier_One_Research_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tier_One_Research-207">[205]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tier_One_Research_2_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tier_One_Research_2-208">[206]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tier_One_Research_3_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tier_One_Research_3-209">[207]</a></sup> The <span class="nowrap">third-largest</span> university in Texas, the University of Houston has nearly 44,000 students on its 667-acre campus in southeast Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-State_of_the_University:_Fall_2011_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_of_the_University:_Fall_2011-210">[208]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Clear_Lake" title="University of Houston–Clear Lake">University of Houston–Clear&#160;Lake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Downtown" title="University of Houston–Downtown">University of Houston–Downtown</a> are <span class="nowrap">stand-alone</span> universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston. Located in the historic community of <a href="/wiki/Third_Ward,_Houston" title="Third Ward, Houston">Third&#160;Ward</a> is <a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_University" title="Texas Southern University">Texas Southern University</a>, one of the largest and most comprehensive historically black universities in the United&#160;States. Texas Southern University is also the first <a href="/wiki/State_university" class="mw-redirect" title="State university">state university</a> in Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a></sup></p>
<p>Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_(Texas)" title="University of St. Thomas (Texas)">University of St. Thomas</a>, Houston's only Catholic university, to <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>, the most selective university in Texas—are located within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Baptist_University" title="Houston Baptist University">Houston Baptist University</a>, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.</p>
<p>Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Community_College_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Community College System">Houston Community College System</a> serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the <a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_College_System" title="Lone Star College System">Lone Star College System</a>, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_College" title="San Jacinto College">San Jacinto College</a>, and a northeastern portion is served by <a href="/wiki/Lee_College" title="Lee College">Lee College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a></sup> The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_colleges_and_universities_by_enrollment#US_Department_of_Education_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States colleges and universities by enrollment">10 largest institutions of higher learning</a> in the United&#160;States.</p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Houston" title="List of newspapers in Houston">List of newspapers in Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">List of television stations in Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">List of radio stations in Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magazines_in_Houston" title="Magazines in Houston">Magazines in Houston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featured_in_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films featured in Houston">List of films featured in Houston</a></div>
<p>The primary network-affiliated television stations are <a href="/wiki/KPRC-TV" title="KPRC-TV">KPRC-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KHOU-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="KHOU-TV">KHOU-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KTRK-TV" title="KTRK-TV">KTRK-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KRIV_(TV)" title="KRIV (TV)">KRIV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>), <a href="/wiki/KIAH" title="KIAH">KIAH</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>), and <a href="/wiki/KTXH" title="KTXH">KTXH</a> (<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>). KTRK-TV, KRIV and KTXH operate as <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a> of their networks.</p>
<p>The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and one public radio station. <a href="/wiki/KUHT" title="KUHT">KUHT</a> (<i>Houston Public Media</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcast_Service" title="Public Broadcast Service">PBS</a> member station and is the first public television station in the United&#160;States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises one <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> member station, <a href="/wiki/KUHF" title="KUHF">KUHF</a> (<i>News 88.7</i>). The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_System" title="University of Houston System">University of Houston&#160;System</a> owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT and KUHF. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>.</p>
<p>Houston is served by the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the <i>Houston Chronicle</i>, bought the assets of the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Post" title="Houston Post">Houston Post</a></i>—its long-time rival and main competition—when <i>Houston Post</i> ceased operations in 1995. The <i>Houston Post</i> was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Hobby">Bill Hobby</a> of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Press" title="Houston Press">Houston Press</a></i>—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.<sup id="cite_ref-About_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-214">[212]</a></sup></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Healthcare">Healthcare</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Texas" title="List of hospitals in Texas">List of hospitals in Texas</a></div>
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<a href="/wiki/MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="MD Anderson Cancer Center">MD Anderson Cancer Center</a></div>
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<p>Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a></sup> All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hermann_Life_Flight" title="Memorial Hermann Life Flight">Life Flight</a>, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a></sup></p>
<p>Some of the academic and research health institutions at the center include <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center" title="University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center">MD Anderson Cancer Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baylor_College_of_Medicine" title="Baylor College of Medicine">Baylor College of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Health_Science_Center_at_Houston" title="University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston">UT Health Science Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hermann-Texas_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center">Memorial Hermann Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houston_Methodist_Hospital" title="Houston Methodist Hospital">Houston Methodist Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Texas Children's Hospital">Texas Children's Hospital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_College_of_Pharmacy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Houston College of Pharmacy">University of Houston College of Pharmacy</a>.</p>
<p>The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by <i>U.S. News &amp; World Report</i> since 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Menninger_Clinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Menninger Clinic">Menninger Clinic</a>, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Methodist Hospital System.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a></sup> With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transportation">Transportation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Houston" title="Transportation in Houston">Transportation in Houston</a></div>
<p>According to the 1990 U.S. Census, 71.7% of Houston (city) commuters drove alone to work.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a></sup> By 2009, the percentage of Houston (city) workers who drove to work alone rose to 75.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a></sup> In 2016, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Houston (city) commuters of 77.2% for driving alone, 11.4% for carpooling, 3.6% for riding transit, 2.1% for walking, and .5% for cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Highways">Highways</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Highways">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <small><i>(March 2016)</i></small></div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:45intoI-10_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/220px-45intoI-10_2.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/330px-45intoI-10_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/440px-45intoI-10_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_Texas" title="Interstate 10 in Texas">I-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_45" title="Interstate 45">I-45</a> interchange</div>
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<p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_highways" title="List of Houston highways">Houston's freeway</a> system comprises 739.3 miles (1,189.8&#160;km) of freeways and expressways in a ten-county metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Transportation_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Transportation Institute">Texas Transportation Institute</a>'s annual Urban Mobility Report found that Houston had the fourth-worst congestion in the country with commuters spending an average of 58 hours in traffic in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston's highway system has a <a href="/wiki/Spoke-hub_distribution_paradigm" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoke-hub distribution paradigm">hub-and-spoke</a> freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_610_(Texas)" title="Interstate 610 (Texas)">Interstate 610</a>, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 8-mile (13&#160;km) diameter. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Beltway_8" title="Texas State Highway Beltway 8">Beltway&#160;8</a> and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop at a diameter of roughly 23 miles (37&#160;km). A proposed highway project, <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_99" title="Texas State Highway 99">State Highway&#160;99</a> (Grand Parkway), will form a third loop outside Houston, totaling 180 miles in length and making an almost-complete circumference, with the exception of crossing the ship channel. As of June 2014, two of eleven segments of State Highway 99 have been completed to the west of Houston, and three northern segments totaling 38 miles. In addition to the Sam Houston Tollway loop mentioned above, the Harris County Toll Road Authority currently operates four spoke tollways: The Katy Managed Lanes of Interstate 10, the Hardy Toll Road, the Westpark Tollway, and the Fort Bend Parkway Extension. Other spoke roads either planned or under construction include <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_90_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 90 in Texas">Crosby&#160;Freeway</a>, and the future <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_35" title="Texas State Highway 35">Alvin Freeway</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>Houston's freeway system is monitored by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston_TranStar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Houston TranStar (page does not exist)">Houston TranStar</a>—a partnership of four government agencies that are responsible for providing transportation and <a href="/wiki/Emergency_management" title="Emergency management">emergency management</a> services to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a></sup></p>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Transit_systems">Transit systems</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Transit systems">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg/220px-METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg" width="220" height="116" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg/330px-METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg/440px-METRO_Light_Rail3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="674" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/METRORail" title="METRORail">METRORail</a> light rail</div>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transit_Authority_of_Harris_County" title="Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County">Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County</a> (METRO) provides public transportation in the form of buses, light rail, and lift vans.</p>
<p>METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red&#160;Line") running about 8 miles (13&#160;km) from the University of <span class="nowrap">Houston–Downtown</span> (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at <a href="/wiki/NRG_Park" title="NRG Park">NRG Park</a>. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a></sup> and expand the current Red Line. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the national passenger rail system, provides service three times a week to Houston via the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Limited" title="Sunset Limited">Sunset Limited</a></i> (Los&#160;Angeles–New&#160;Orleans), which stops at the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Amtrak_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Amtrak Station">Houston Amtrak Station</a> on the north side of the downtown area. The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a></sup> In 2012, there was a 25 percent increase in ridership to 20,327 passengers embarking from the Houston Amtrak Station.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cycling">Cycling</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Cycling">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Houston has the largest number of bike commuters in Texas with over 160 miles of dedicated bikeways.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a></sup> The city is currently in the process of expanding its on and off street bikeway network.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">bicycle sharing system</a> known as Houston B-Cycle currently operates 29 different stations in downtown and neighboring areas.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a></sup></p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Airports">Airports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_terminal_E.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bush_terminal_E.jpg/220px-Bush_terminal_E.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bush_terminal_E.jpg/330px-Bush_terminal_E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bush_terminal_E.jpg/440px-Bush_terminal_E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a>
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<a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">George Bush Intercontinental Airport</a></div>
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<p>Houston is served by three airports, two of which are commercial that served 52&#160;million passengers in 2007 and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Airport_System" title="Houston Airport System">Houston Airport System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> and the state of Texas selected the "Houston Airport System as Airport of the Year" for 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a></sup> largely because of its multi-year, $3.1&#160;billion airport improvement program for both major airports in Houston.</p>
<p>The primary city airport is <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">George Bush Intercontinental Airport</a> (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and forty third-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a></sup> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a> named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Houston_Air_Route_Traffic_Control_Center" title="Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center">Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center</a> stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.</p>
<p>Houston was the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a> until its 2010 merger with <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">airline hub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a></sup> The airline retained a significant operational presence in Houston while offering more than 700 daily departures from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a></sup> In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a></sup></p>
<p>The second-largest commercial airport is <a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby_Airport" title="William P. Hobby Airport">William P. Hobby Airport</a> (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a> launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, Central America, and <a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="The Caribbean">the Caribbean</a>. These were the first international flights flown from Hobby since 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a></sup> Houston's aviation history is showcased in the <a href="/wiki/1940_Air_Terminal_Museum" title="1940 Air Terminal Museum">1940 Air Terminal Museum</a> located in the old terminal building on the west side of the airport. Hobby Airport has been recognized with two awards for being one of the top five performing airports in the world and for customer service by <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a></sup></p>
<p>Houston's third municipal airport is <a href="/wiki/Ellington_Airport_(Texas)" title="Ellington Airport (Texas)">Ellington Airport</a> (a former U.S. Air Force base) used by military, government, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, and general aviation sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a></sup></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The Houston Office of Protocol and International Affairs is the city's liaison to Houston's sister cities and to the national governing organization, <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>. Through their official city-to-city relationships, these volunteer associations promote people-to-people diplomacy and encourage citizens to develop mutual trust and understanding through commercial, cultural, educational, and humanitarian exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a></sup></p>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>) – 2001</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>) – 1976</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Basrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Basrah">Basrah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) – 2015<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chiba,_Chiba" title="Chiba, Chiba">Chiba</a> (Japan) – 1973</li>
<li>Grampian Region, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> (United Kingdom) – 1979<sup id="cite_ref-Grampian-Houston_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grampian-Houston-247">[245]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>) – 1987</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) – 1969</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) – 1986</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>) – 2009</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> (Germany) – 1993</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>) – 2003</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (France) – 1973</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> (Australia) – 1983</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> (China) – 1986</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>) – 1980</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>) – 1963</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tampico" title="Tampico">Tampico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>) – 2003</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a> (Russia) – 1995</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> (China) – 2016</li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Houston" title="List of people from Houston">List of people from Houston</a></li>
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<div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em">
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<li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Houston,_Texas.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Houston, Texas.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/24px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png" width="24" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/36px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Houston" title="Portal:Houston">Houston portal</a></span></li>
<li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Texas.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Texas.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/24px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" width="24" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/36px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Houston were kept at the Weather Bureau in downtown from July 1888 to May 1969, and at Intercontinental since June 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></sup></span></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Reiss, Aaron (June 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonpress.com/news/top-10-ways-to-identify-a-native-houstonian-6716767">"Top 10 Ways to Identify a Native Houstonian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Press" title="Houston Press">Houston Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Top+10+Ways+to+Identify+a+Native+Houstonian&amp;rft.date=2014-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Reiss&amp;rft.aufirst=Aaron&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonpress.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-10-ways-to-identify-a-native-houstonian-6716767&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-pop-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncitytexas/PST045216">"Houston city, Texas"</a>. QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+city%2C+Texas&amp;rft.series=QuickFacts&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.date=2016-07-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fhoustoncitytexas%2FPST045216&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-FactFinder-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FactFinder_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml">"American FactFinder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=American+FactFinder&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Fnav%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fcommunity_facts.xhtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/houstoncitytexas/PST045216">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts selected: Houston city, Texas"</a>. <i>United States Census Bureau</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts+selected%3A+Houston+city%2C+Texas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fhoustoncitytexas%2FPST045216&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-GR2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder2.census.gov">"American FactFinder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=American+FactFinder&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder2.census.gov&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-GR3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.usgs.gov">"US Board on Geographic Names"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. October 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=US+Board+on+Geographic+Names&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=2007-10-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-List_of_United_States_cities_by_population-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118053813/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html?cssp=SERP">"Population Finder"</a>. <i>American Fact Finder</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html?cssp=SERP">the original</a> on November 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Fact+Finder&amp;rft.atitle=Population+Finder&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F48%2F4835000.html%3Fcssp%3DSERP&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053705/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/pdfs/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">"Census Bureau Regions and Divisions with State FIPS Codes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>US Census</i>. December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/pdfs/reference/us_regdiv.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=US+Census&amp;rft.atitle=Census+Bureau+Regions+and+Divisions+with+State+FIPS+Codes&amp;rft.date=2008-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps-data%2Fmaps%2Fpdfs%2Freference%2Fus_regdiv.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Allen's_Landing-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen's_Landing_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleiner, D.J: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvabg">Allen's Landing</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i> (February 3, 2005).  Retrieved 2007-06-10.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-HouHTO-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HouHTO_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HouHTO_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HouHTO_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HouHTO_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HouHTO_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">McComb, David G. (January 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdh03">"Houston, Texas"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Houston%2C+Texas&amp;rft.date=2008-01-19&amp;rft.au=McComb%2C+David+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fhdh03&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/"><i>Fortune</i> 500 2010: Cities</a> Accessed May 25, 2011</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-kearney-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kearney_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kearney_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/Urban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf">"A.T. Kearney Global Cities Index 2010"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>A.T. Kearney</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A.T.+Kearney&amp;rft.atitle=A.T.+Kearney+Global+Cities+Index+2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atkearney.com%2Fimages%2Fglobal%2Fpdf%2FUrban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-port_ranking-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-port_ranking_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-port_ranking_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U%2ES%2E%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf">"2010 Port Industry Statistics, American Association of Port Authorities"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2010+Port+Industry+Statistics%2C+American+Association+of+Port+Authorities&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faapa.files.cms-plus.com%2FStatistics%2F2010%2520U%252ES%252E%2520PORT%2520RANKINGS%2520BY%2520CARGO%2520TONNAGE.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/houston-most-diverse_n_1321089.html">"The Most Diverse City in the Nation Is"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. March 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=The+Most+Diverse+City+in+the+Nation+Is&amp;rft.date=2012-03-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F03%2F05%2Fhouston-most-diverse_n_1321089.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ikvngd-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ikvngd_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ikvngd_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711230112/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/20AW005.pdf">"Museums and Cultural Arts"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/20AW005.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on July 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Museums+and+Cultural+Arts&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houston.org%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F20AW005.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(31.8&#160;KB)</small>", <i>Greater Houston Partnership</i>. Retrieved on March 21, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NYT09042017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT09042017_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT09042017_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernandez, Manny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/03/us/houston-highway-resilience-snapshots.html">Over 21 Miles of Highway, Snapshots of a Resilient Houston</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, September 3, 2017.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Coutinho-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coutinho_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coutinho_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Coutinho, Juliana (September 13, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060918053418/http://www.stp.uh.edu/vol66/13/news/news-index.html">"Brief history of Houston"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Cougar" title="The Daily Cougar">The Daily Cougar</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stp.uh.edu/vol66/13/news/news-index.html">the original</a> on September 18, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Cougar&amp;rft.atitle=Brief+history+of+Houston&amp;rft.date=2000-09-13&amp;rft.aulast=Coutinho&amp;rft.aufirst=Juliana&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stp.uh.edu%2Fvol66%2F13%2Fnews%2Fnews-index.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David G. McComb (1981). <i>Houston: A History</i> (2nd ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. p.&#160;11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Houston%3A+A+History&amp;rft.place=Austin&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.au=David+G.+McComb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-SHQa4-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SHQa4_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHQa4_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Looscan, Adele B. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101064/m1/201/">"Harris County, 1822–1845"</a>. <i>Southwestern Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>19</b>: 37–64<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Historical+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Harris+County%2C+1822%E2%80%931845&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.pages=37-64&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rft.aulast=Looscan&amp;rft.aufirst=Adele+B.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexashistory.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetapth101064%2Fm1%2F201%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/savvy/archives/sum06/sum06_heritage.htm">John Perry, "Born on the Bayou: city's murky start"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218055155/http://www.houstontx.gov/savvy/archives/sum06/sum06_heritage.htm">Archived</a> December 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>City Savvy</i> Online Edition. Published Summer 2006. Retrieved on February 6, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Sabine-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sabine_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cotham, Edward T. (2004). <i>Sabine Pass: The Confederacy's Thermopylae</i>. Austin, Texas: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70594-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70594-8">0-292-70594-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sabine+Pass%3A+The+Confederacy%27s+Thermopylae&amp;rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-292-70594-8&amp;rft.aulast=Cotham&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+T.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/rising/sayers-galv.html">J.H.W. Stele to Sayers, September 11–12, 1900</a>. <i>Texas State Library &amp; Archives Commission</i>, Retrieved on August 31, 2007</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Olien, Diana Davids; Olien, Roger M. (2002). <i>Oil in Texas: The Gusher Age, 1895–1945</i>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-76056-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-76056-6">0-292-76056-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oil+in+Texas%3A+The+Gusher+Age%2C+1895%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=0-292-76056-6&amp;rft.aulast=Olien&amp;rft.aufirst=Diana+Davids&amp;rft.au=Olien%2C+Roger+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonhistory.com/decades/history5h.htm">"Marvin Hurley, 1910–1920, Houston History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Marvin+Hurley%2C+1910%E2%80%931920%2C+Houston+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonhistory.com%2Fdecades%2Fhistory5h.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314031958/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html">"Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990"</a>. <i>Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Population+Division%2C+U.S.+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.atitle=Population+of+the+100+Largest+Cities+and+Other+Urban+Places+in+the+United+States%3A+1790+to+1990&amp;rft.date=1998-06&amp;rft.aulast=Gibson&amp;rft.aufirst=Campbell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0027.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-census1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69hd5KAIE?url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Texas – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Texas+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-shipchannel-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shipchannel_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shipchannel_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rhh11">"Houston Ship Channel"</a>. <i>TSHA Handbook of Texas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TSHA+Handbook+of+Texas&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+Ship+Channel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Frhh11&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Carlson, Erik (February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/ellington/Ellington.pdf">"Ellington Field: A Short History, 1917–1963"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&amp;rft.atitle=Ellington+Field%3A+A+Short+History%2C+1917%E2%80%931963&amp;rft.date=1999-02&amp;rft.aulast=Carlson&amp;rft.aufirst=Erik&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fellington%2FEllington.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Race, Roosevelt, and Wartime Production: Fair Employment in World War II Labor Markets", William J. Collins, <i>The American Economic Review</i>, Vol. 91, No. 1 (March 2001), pp. 272–286, Published by: American Economic Association, Stable URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2677909">https://www.jstor.org/stable/2677909</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Streetman, Ashley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonculture.org/resources/houstontime.html">"Houston Timeline"</a>. <i>Houston Institute for Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Institute+for+Culture&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+Timeline&amp;rft.aulast=Streetman&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonculture.org%2Fresources%2Fhoustontime.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldhouseweb.com/stories/Detailed/725.shtml">"How Air Conditioning Changed America"</a>, <i>The Old House Web</i>, Retrieved on April 4, 2007</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgs.org/en/articles/printview.asp?26">"A Short History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216122901/http://www.hgs.org/en/articles/printview.asp?26">Archived</a> February 16, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>Houston Geological Auxiliary</i>, Retrieved on April 4, 2007</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Barks, Joseph V. (November 2001). "Powering the (New and Improved) "Eighth Wonder of the World<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>". <i>Electrical Apparatus</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Electrical+Apparatus&amp;rft.atitle=Powering+the+%28New+and+Improved%29+%22Eighth+Wonder+of+the+World%22&amp;rft.date=2001-11&amp;rft.aulast=Barks&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205065135/http://www.texasalmanac.com/culture/groups/polish.html">"Polish-Texans"</a>. <i>Texas Almanac 2004–2005</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasalmanac.com/culture/groups/polish.html">the original</a> on February 5, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Texas+Almanac+2004%E2%80%932005&amp;rft.atitle=Polish-Texans&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasalmanac.com%2Fculture%2Fgroups%2Fpolish.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.footballlocks.com/nfl_futures_odds_super_bowl_li.shtml">"Historical 2017 Super Bowl Odds. Opening NFL Futures Odds to Win Super Bowl LI in 2017. NFL football future odds to win Super Bowl 51"</a>. <i>www.footballlocks.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.footballlocks.com&amp;rft.atitle=Historical+2017+Super+Bowl+Odds.+Opening+NFL+Futures+Odds+to+Win+Super+Bowl+LI+in+2017.+NFL+football+future+odds+to+win+Super+Bowl+51.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footballlocks.com%2Fnfl_futures_odds_super_bowl_li.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topendsports.com/events/super-bowl/hosts.htm">"Guide to the Superbowl Host Cities"</a>. <i>www.topendsports.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.topendsports.com&amp;rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Superbowl+Host+Cities&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topendsports.com%2Fevents%2Fsuper-bowl%2Fhosts.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-gallons-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gallons_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/27/texas-flood-disaster-harvey-has-unloaded-9-trillion-tons-of-water/">"Texas flood disaster: Harvey has unloaded 9 trillion gallons of water"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. August 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Texas+flood+disaster%3A+Harvey+has+unloaded+9+trillion+gallons+of+water&amp;rft.date=2017-08-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcapital-weather-gang%2Fwp%2F2017%2F08%2F27%2Ftexas-flood-disaster-harvey-has-unloaded-9-trillion-tons-of-water%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mooney, Chris (January 8, 2018). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Hurricane Harvey was year's costliest U.S. disaster at $125 billion in damages<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>". Texas Tribune.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Hurricane+Harvey+was+year%27s+costliest+U.S.+disaster+at+%24125+billion+in+damages%22&amp;rft.pub=Texas+Tribune&amp;rft.date=2018-01-08&amp;rft.au=Mooney%2C+Chris&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>);</span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Hurricane_Harvey-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hurricane_Harvey_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2017/08/30/news/economy/harvey-cost-most-expensive-disasters/index.html">"Harvey certain to be one of the most expensive natural disasters ever"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/2017/08/30/news/economy/harvey-cost-most-expensive-disasters/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Harvey+certain+to+be+one+of+the+most+expensive+natural+disasters+ever&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F08%2F30%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fharvey-cost-most-expensive-disasters%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(31.8&#160;KB)</small>", <i>CNN News</i>. Retrieved on August 25, 2017.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/politics/houston/article/Houston-City-Council-agrees-to-cut-water-bills-12539822.php">"Houston City Council agrees to cut water bills bloated by Harvey"</a>. <i>Chron.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Chron.com&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+City+Council+agrees+to+cut+water+bills+bloated+by+Harvey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FHouston-City-Council-agrees-to-cut-water-bills-12539822.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/politics/houston/article/Houston-City-Council-may-cut-Harvey-spiked-water-12538087.php">"Houston City Council may cut Harvey-spiked water bills"</a>. <i>HoustonChronicle.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HoustonChronicle.com&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+City+Council+may+cut+Harvey-spiked+water+bills&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FHouston-City-Council-may-cut-Harvey-spiked-water-12538087.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lomax, John Nova. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/texas">This Is Texas</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i>. February 2013. Retrieved on April 30, 2013. "No, the rightful standard-bearer of our state—the city with the greatest number of people, of cultural happenings, of medical facilities, of gangbuster enterprises—is located 165 miles to the east of Texas's pink-granite dome." – The first part is discussing Houston. The "pink granite dome" is the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> in Austin.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Roland. " <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/06/opinion/opinion-texas-football-roland-martin/index.html?hpt=hp_bn1">Football power in Texas has shifted to Houston</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. January 6, 2012. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html">Houston (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100220105716/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html">Archived</a> February 20, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on February 28, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/gis/gishyd98/class/trmproj/ahrens/prepro.htm">Flood Forecasting for the Buffalo Bayou Using CRWR-PrePro and HEC-HMS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204065252/http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/gis/gishyd98/class/trmproj/ahrens/prepro.htm">Archived</a> February 4, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin</i> Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=29.75737&amp;lon=-95.36387&amp;size=m&amp;u=4&amp;datum=nad27&amp;layer=DRG&amp;s=100">Downtown Houston, Texas</a>. <i>TopoQuest.com</i> Retrieved on July 5, 2008.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topoquest.com/map.asp?lat=29.96645&amp;lon=-95.56326&amp;size=l&amp;datum=nad83&amp;layer=DRG&amp;s=100">USGS Satsuma (TX) Topo Map</a>. <i>TopoQuest.com</i>. 2008. Retrieved on July 5, 2008. <i>Note: The boundaries of the City of Houston are shown as "HOUSTON CORP BDY" along the dotted line.</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/superneighborhoods/profiles/SN_1.htm">Super Neighborhood# 1-Willowbrook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029045352/http://www.houstontx.gov/superneighborhoods/profiles/SN_1.htm">Archived</a> October 29, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>City of Houston</i>. Retrieved on May 15, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Subsidence_Fault_Creep_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1182/pdf/07Houston.pdf">"HOUSTON-GALVESTON, TEXAS Managing Coastal Subsidence"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=HOUSTON-GALVESTON%2C+TEXAS+Managing+Coastal+Subsidence&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fcirc%2Fcirc1182%2Fpdf%2F07Houston.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(5.89&#160;MB)</small>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. Retrieved on January 11, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014130133/http://www.publicworks.houstontx.gov/utilities/drinkingwater.html">"Drinking Water Operations"</a>. Publicworks.houstontx.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicworks.houstontx.gov/utilities/drinkingwater.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Drinking+Water+Operations&amp;rft.pub=Publicworks.houstontx.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicworks.houstontx.gov%2Futilities%2Fdrinkingwater.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asla.org/2009awards/196.html">"2009 Professional Awards"</a>. <i>asla.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=asla.org&amp;rft.atitle=2009+Professional+Awards&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asla.org%2F2009awards%2F196.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Baddour, Dylan (May 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/explainer/article/The-trouble-with-living-in-a-swamp-Houston-7954514.php">"The trouble with living in a swamp: Houston floods explained"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=The+trouble+with+living+in+a+swamp%3A+Houston+floods+explained&amp;rft.date=2016-05-31&amp;rft.aulast=Baddour&amp;rft.aufirst=Dylan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Flocal%2Fexplainer%2Farticle%2FThe-trouble-with-living-in-a-swamp-Houston-7954514.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hch07">Harris County</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online.</i> Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/afr01">RICE CULTURE</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online.</i> Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011101082154/http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/avgrh.html">Average Relative Humidity (%)</a>", <i>National Climatic Data Center</i>. Retrieved on February 23, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Afternoon thunderstorms are common.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209115107/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/windavg.html">Wind – Average Speed (mph)</a>. Department of Meteorology, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>. 1993. Retrieved on January 10, 2007</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206075059/http://www.nbm.org/blueprints/90s/summer92/contents/contents.htm">A Moment in Building</a>. <i>BLUEPRINTS</i>, Volume X, Number 3, Summer 1992. National Building Museum. Retrieved on January 11, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Weather Service Forecast Office, Houston/Galveston, Texas.<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212134359/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hgx/projects/xmasevesnow04/pns_snowfalltotal.txt">"Public Information Statement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/hgx/projects/xmasevesnow04/pns_snowfalltotal.txt">the original</a> on December 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Public+Information+Statement.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srh.noaa.gov%2Fhgx%2Fprojects%2Fxmasevesnow04%2Fpns_snowfalltotal.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> Retrieved on December 1, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shayanian, Sara (December 8, 2017). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2017/12/08/Texas-hit-with-snow-as-winter-weather-system-aims-for-Northeast/4591512735568/">Texas hit with snow as winter weather system aims for Northeast</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-surprises-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-surprises_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-surprises_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berger, Eric; Latson, Jennifer; Leahy, Jennifer (December 10, 2017). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Snow-surprises-Houston-area-residents-1612825.php">Snow surprises Houston-area residents</a>". <i>Houston Chronicle</i>.</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc13.com/amp/weather/snow-in-houston----it-happens-more-than-you-think/2753082/">Snow in Houston: It Happens More Than You Think</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/KTRK-TV" title="KTRK-TV">KTRK-TV</a></i>. December 8, 2017.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2017/aug/26/hurricane-harvey-makes-landfall-in-texas-latest-updates">"Hurricane Harvey makes landfall in Texas"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hurricane+Harvey+makes+landfall+in+Texas&amp;rft.pub=The+Guardian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2Flive%2F2017%2Faug%2F26%2Fhurricane-harvey-makes-landfall-in-texas-latest-updates&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/16/texas-flooding-houston-climate-change-disaster">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/16/texas-flooding-houston-climate-change-disaster</a></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html">"How healthy is the air you breathe?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+healthy+is+the+air+you+breathe%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lung.org%2Four-initiatives%2Fhealthy-air%2Fsota%2Fcity-rankings%2Fmost-polluted-cities.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-cleanhouston-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cleanhouston_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleanhouston.org/air/index.htm">Summary of the Issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210193216/http://www.cleanhouston.org/air/index.htm">Archived</a> February 10, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", Citizens League for Environmental Action Now, August 1, 2004. Retrieved on February 17, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Czader, Beata (May 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theconversation.com/the-paradox-of-peak-based-ozone-air-pollution-standards-59300">"The paradox of peak-based ozone air pollution standards"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&amp;rft.atitle=The+paradox+of+peak-based+ozone+air+pollution+standards&amp;rft.date=2016-05-20&amp;rft.aulast=Czader&amp;rft.aufirst=Beata&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fthe-paradox-of-peak-based-ozone-air-pollution-standards-59300&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">ThreadEx</a></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tudl0867.home.xs4all.nl/skylines.html">https://tudl0867.home.xs4all.nl/skylines.html</a></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.chron.com/primeproperty/2013/06/bbva-compass-plaza-opens-new-building-on-post-oak/#13191101=0">"BBVA Compass Plaza opens new building on Post Oak"</a>. <i>Prime Property</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Prime+Property&amp;rft.atitle=BBVA+Compass+Plaza+opens+new+building+on+Post+Oak&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.chron.com%2Fprimeproperty%2F2013%2F06%2Fbbva-compass-plaza-opens-new-building-on-post-oak%2F%2313191101%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uptown-houston.com/economic/market/residential.html">Residential Real Estate</a>. <i>Uptown-houston.com</i> Retrieved on January 11, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201213217/http://www.uptown-houston.com/economic/market/residential.html">Archived</a> February 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sarnoff, Nancy (December 14, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2001/12/17/newscolumn3.html">"Genesis Laying Down Plans for Newest Uptown Condo Highrise"</a>. <i>Houston Business Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Business+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Genesis+Laying+Down+Plans+for+Newest+Uptown+Condo+Highrise&amp;rft.date=2001-12-14&amp;rft.aulast=Sarnoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Nancy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fhouston%2Fstories%2F2001%2F12%2F17%2Fnewscolumn3.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Apte, Angela (October 26, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2001/10/29/focus1.html">"Rising Land Costs Boost Houston's Mid-Rise Market"</a>. <i>Houston Business Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Business+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Rising+Land+Costs+Boost+Houston%27s+Mid-Rise+Market&amp;rft.date=2001-10-26&amp;rft.aulast=Apte&amp;rft.aufirst=Angela&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fhouston%2Fstories%2F2001%2F10%2F29%2Ffocus1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstoniamag.com/home-and-design/design/articles/living-the-high-life-september-2013">"Living the High Life. Earthbound Houstonians consider something uplifting"</a>. <i>HoustoniaMag.com</i>. HoustoniaMag<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HoustoniaMag.com&amp;rft.atitle=Living+the+High+Life.+Earthbound+Houstonians+consider+something+uplifting.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstoniamag.com%2Fhome-and-design%2Fdesign%2Farticles%2Fliving-the-high-life-september-2013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uptown-houston.com/economic/market/office.html">Commercial Real Estate</a>. <i>Uptown-houston.com</i> Retrieved on January 10, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201200302/http://www.uptown-houston.com/economic/market/office.html">Archived</a> February 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2016-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2016_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html">"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+Unit+Estimates&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Ftables.2016.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/houstonfacts.html">Houston Facts and Figures</a>", <i>City of Houston</i>. Retrieved on December 15, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110023139/http://www.ewgateway.org/pdffiles/library/wws/wws06.pdf">"The Strategic Assessment of the St. Louis Region, 5th edition"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewgateway.org/pdffiles/library/wws/wws06.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on January 10, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Strategic+Assessment+of+the+St.+Louis+Region%2C+5th+edition&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewgateway.org%2Fpdffiles%2Flibrary%2Fwws%2Fwws06.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(4.35&#160;MB)</small>. <i>East-West Gateway Council of Governments.</i> 2006. Retrieved on January 11, 2007. <i>Page 25 in PDF File, labeled as page 21.</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=&amp;geo_id=16000US4835000&amp;_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US48%7C16000US4835000&amp;_county=Houston&amp;_cityTown=Houston&amp;_state=04000US48">Houston city, Texas</a>. 2005 American Community Survey Data Profile Highlights, <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GRTTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=04000US48&amp;-_box_head_nbr=R0101&amp;-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-format=US-30&amp;-mt_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_R0101_US30&amp;-_sse=on">United States and States R0101. Median Age of the Total Population: 2005</a>. 2005 American Community Survey, <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i>. 2005. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/research/pubs/fotexas/fotexas_petersen.pdf">The Face of Texas Jobs, People, Business, Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140522233806/http://www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/research/pubs/fotexas/fotexas_petersen.pdf">Archived</a> May 22, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. D'Ann Petersen and Laila Assanie, <i>Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.</i> October 2005. Retrieved on January 11, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hegstrom, Edward (February 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/3500074.html">"Shadows Cloaking Immigrants Prevent Accurate Count"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Shadows+Cloaking+Immigrants+Prevent+Accurate+Count&amp;rft.date=2006-02-21&amp;rft.aulast=Hegstrom&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Fmetropolitan%2F3500074.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-auto-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=16000US4835000&amp;-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-_sse=on">"Houston city, Texas – DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000"</a>. <i>census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=census.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+city%2C+Texas+%E2%80%93+DP-1.+Profile+of+General+Demographic+Characteristics%3A+2000&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FQTTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-geo_id%3D16000US4835000%26-qr_name%3DDEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1%26-ds_name%3DDEC_2000_SF1_U%26-_lang%3Den%26-_sse%3Don&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/">Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles</a>, Pew Research Center</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/">"America's Changing Religious Landscape"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>: Religion &amp; Public Life. May 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=America%27s+Changing+Religious+Landscape&amp;rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center%3A+Religion+%26+Public+Life&amp;rft.date=2015-05-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Famericas-changing-religious-landscape%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100220105716/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html">"Houston (city), Texas"</a>. <i>State &amp; County QuickFacts</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4835000.html">the original</a> on February 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=State+%26+County+QuickFacts&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+%28city%29%2C+Texas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F48%2F4835000.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-fifteen-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From 15% sample</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2013/snapshots/2255.html"><i>Fortune</i> 500 web site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218021820/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2013/snapshots/2255.html">Archived</a> December 18, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. as retrieved on December 12, 2013</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visithoustontexas.com/visitors/green/Alternative_Energy_Industry_in_Houston">"Alternative Energy in the Houston Region"</a>. <i>Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Greater+Houston+Convention+and+Visitors+Bureau&amp;rft.atitle=Alternative+Energy+in+the+Houston+Region&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visithoustontexas.com%2Fvisitors%2Fgreen%2FAlternative_Energy_Industry_in_Houston&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2013/07/11/houston-surpasses-new-york-as-top-us.html">Houston surpasses New York as top U.S. export market – Houston Business Journal</a>. Bizjournals.com. Retrieved on July 21, 2013.</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100422032347/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/16BW010.pdf">"Energy Industry Overview"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/16BW010.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on April 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Energy+Industry+Overview&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houston.org%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F16BW010.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(24.8&#160;KB)</small>", <i>Greater Houston Partnership</i>. Retrieved on March 21, 2009.</span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bea.gov/iTable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&amp;stepnum=11&amp;AreaTypeKeyGdp=5&amp;GeoFipsGdp=XX&amp;ClassKeyGdp=naics&amp;ComponentKey=200&amp;IndustryKey=1&amp;YearGdp=2012&amp;YearGdpBegin=-1&amp;YearGdpEnd=-1&amp;UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp=Levels&amp;RankKeyGdp=1&amp;Drill=1&amp;nRange=5">"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)"</a>. <i>bea.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=bea.gov&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis+%28BEA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2FiTable%2Fdrilldown.cfm%3Freqid%3D70%26stepnum%3D11%26AreaTypeKeyGdp%3D5%26GeoFipsGdp%3DXX%26ClassKeyGdp%3Dnaics%26ComponentKey%3D200%26IndustryKey%3D1%26YearGdp%3D2012%26YearGdpBegin%3D-1%26YearGdpEnd%3D-1%26UnitOfMeasureKeyGdp%3DLevels%26RankKeyGdp%3D1%26Drill%3D1%26nRange%3D5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-imf2011gdp-world-eu-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imf2011gdp-world-eu_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=33&amp;pr.y=11&amp;sy=2012&amp;ey=2012&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=001%2C998&amp;s=NGDPD&amp;grp=1&amp;a=1">"Nominal 2012 GDP for the world and the European Union (EU)"</a>. <i>World Economic Outlook Database, October 2013</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2013&amp;rft.atitle=Nominal+2012+GDP+for+the+world+and+the+European+Union+%28EU%29.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2013%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D33%26pr.y%3D11%26sy%3D2012%26ey%3D2012%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D001%252C998%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D1%26a%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-Economic_Impact-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Economic_Impact_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">TRESAUGUE, Matthew (May 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/3868657.html">"Study suggests UH degrees are crucial economic factor"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Study+suggests+UH+degrees+are+crucial+economic+factor&amp;rft.date=2006-05-17&amp;rft.aulast=TRESAUGUE&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2F3868657.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Desmond, Maurna (July 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/14/housing-buyers-list-forbeslife-cx_md_0714bestbuy.html">"Best Cities To Buy A Home"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&amp;rft.atitle=Best+Cities+To+Buy+A+Home&amp;rft.date=2008-07-14&amp;rft.aulast=Desmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Maurna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F14%2Fhousing-buyers-list-forbeslife-cx_md_0714bestbuy.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Goldwert, Lindsay (December 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-12-14/entertainment/27084334_1_sales-tax-shopping-centers-shopping-city">"Houston is top U.S. shopping city, per Forbes; New York comes in 23rd due to sales tax, retail space"</a>. <i>Daily News</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+News&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+is+top+U.S.+shopping+city%2C+per+Forbes%3B+New+York+comes+in+23rd+due+to+sales+tax%2C+retail+space&amp;rft.date=2010-12-14&amp;rft.aulast=Goldwert&amp;rft.aufirst=Lindsay&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.nydailynews.com%2F2010-12-14%2Fentertainment%2F27084334_1_sales-tax-shopping-centers-shopping-city&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-paycheck_ranking-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paycheck_ranking_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2012/07/10/forbes-ranks-houston-no-1-for.html">"Forbes ranks Houston No. 1 for paycheck worth"</a>. <i>Houston Business Journal</i>. Bizjournals.com. July 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Business+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Forbes+ranks+Houston+No.+1+for+paycheck+worth&amp;rft.date=2012-07-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fhouston%2Fnews%2F2012%2F07%2F10%2Fforbes-ranks-houston-no-1-for.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-One-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-One_139-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-One_139-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Derek Thompson (May 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/05/houston-is-unstoppable-why-texas-juggernaut-is-americas-1-job-creator/275927/">"Houston Is Unstoppable: Why Texas' Juggernaut Is America's #1 Job Creator"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. The Atlantic Monthly Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+Is+Unstoppable%3A+Why+Texas%27+Juggernaut+Is+America%27s+%231+Job+Creator&amp;rft.date=2013-05-28&amp;rft.au=Derek+Thompson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2013%2F05%2Fhouston-is-unstoppable-why-texas-juggernaut-is-americas-1-job-creator%2F275927%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business/">"Best Places For Business and Careers – Forbes"</a>. Forbes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Best+Places+For+Business+and+Careers+%E2%80%93+Forbes&amp;rft.pub=Forbes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fbest-places-for-business%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711225746/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/09AW001.pdf">"Components of Population Change"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>houston.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/09AW001.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on July 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=houston.org&amp;rft.atitle=Components+of+Population+Change&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houston.org%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F09AW001.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-ytlzpc-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ytlzpc_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ytlzpc_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711225904/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/09GW025.pdf">"Foreign Born Population"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>houston.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/09GW025.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on July 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=houston.org&amp;rft.atitle=Foreign+Born+Population&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houston.org%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F09GW025.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100711235924/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/18AW001.pdf">"International Representation in Houston"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>houston.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/18AW001.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on July 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=houston.org&amp;rft.atitle=International+Representation+in+Houston&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houston.org%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F18AW001.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090126191930/http://hlsr.com/m/downloads/08PurposeBrochure.pdf">"About the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>hlsr.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hlsr.com/m/downloads/08PurposeBrochure.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on January 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hlsr.com&amp;rft.atitle=About+the+Houston+Livestock+Show+and+Rodeo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hlsr.com%2Fm%2Fdownloads%2F08PurposeBrochure.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pridehouston.org/about/">"Houston Pride Parade"</a>. <i>PrideHouston.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PrideHouston.com&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+Pride+Parade&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pridehouston.org%2Fabout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greekfestival.org/">The Original Greek Festival, Houston, Texas</a>. 2006. Retrieved on January 10, 2007. <i><b>Warning:</b></i> <i>Automatic sound file.</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifest.org/">The Houston International Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100725221757/http://www.ifest.org/">Archived</a> July 25, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 2007. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-AmericanStyle2004-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmericanStyle2004_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/Buffalo/Top_25_Fairs_Festivals.cfm.html">"The 2004 Top 25 Fairs &amp; Festivals"</a>. <i>AmericanStyle Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AmericanStyle+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=The+2004+Top+25+Fairs+%26+Festivals&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cse.buffalo.edu%2F~rapaport%2FBuffalo%2FTop_25_Fairs_Festivals.cfm.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-AmericanStyle2005-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmericanStyle2005_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paradisecityarts.com/public/pdfs/2005top10.pdf">"AmericanStyle Magazine Readers Name 2005 Top 10 Art Fairs and Festivals"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>AmericanStyle Magazine</i>. October 25, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AmericanStyle+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=AmericanStyle+Magazine+Readers+Name+2005+Top+10+Art+Fairs+and+Festivals&amp;rft.date=2005-10-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paradisecityarts.com%2Fpublic%2Fpdfs%2F2005top10.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsey, Cody. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/content/texas-tidbits-19">In a state of big, Houston is at the top</a>", <i>Texas Monthly</i>, September 2002. Retrieved February 16, 2014.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/artsandmuseums.html">"Houston Arts and Museums"</a>. City of Houston eGovernment Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+Arts+and+Museums&amp;rft.pub=City+of+Houston+eGovernment+Center&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fabouthouston%2Fartsandmuseums.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209083929/http://www.houstontheaterdistrict.org/en/cms/?68">About Houston Theater District</a>", <i>Houston Theater District</i>. Retrieved on December 16, 2006. Archived at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061212043351/http://www.houstontheaterdistrict.org/en/cms/?12">Performing Arts Venues</a>", <i>Houston Theater District</i>. Retrieved on December 16, 2006. Archived at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artcarmuseum.com/History/history.htm">A Brief History of the Art Car Museum</a>", <i>ArtCar Museum of Houston</i>. Retrieved on December 16, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061230024248/http://www.quilts.com/home/news/index.php">2006 fall edition of International Quilt Festival attracts 53,546 to Houston</a>. <i>Quilts., Inc.</i> Press release published November 30, 2006. Retrieved on January 12, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visithoustontexas.com/visitors/listing.details.php?id=23096">Houston Museum District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211044458/http://www.visithoustontexas.com/visitors/listing.details.php?id=23096">Archived</a> February 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau. Retrieved on February 18, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jeanne Claire van Ryzin (April 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austin360.com/arts/content/arts/stories/2006/04/1austin.html">"Central Austin has the makings of a museum district"</a>. Austin360.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Central+Austin+has+the+makings+of+a+museum+district&amp;rft.date=2006-04-01&amp;rft.au=Jeanne+Claire+van+Ryzin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austin360.com%2Farts%2Fcontent%2Farts%2Fstories%2F2006%2F04%2F1austin.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasmonthly.com/promotions/cadillac/breakthroughs2/museums/">Houston Museum District Day</a>. Texas Monthly. 2006. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camh.org/">Home Page</a>. Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visithoustontexas.com/visitors/parks_and_outdoors/listing.details.php?id=23096">Houston Museum District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211044810/http://www.visithoustontexas.com/visitors/parks_and_outdoors/listing.details.php?id=23096">Archived</a> February 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumsusa.org/museums/info/1167540">"Bayou Bend Collections and Gardens, Houston, Texas"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bayou+Bend+Collections+and+Gardens%2C+Houston%2C+Texas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumsusa.org%2Fmuseums%2Finfo%2F1167540&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lomax, John Nova (February 1, 2007). "Nobody Gets Out of Here Alive – The Houston Rock Scene and the Cultural Cringe". <i>The Houston Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Houston+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Nobody+Gets+Out+of+Here+Alive+%E2%80%93+The+Houston+Rock+Scene+and+the+Cultural+Cringe&amp;rft.date=2007-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Lomax&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Nova&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Frere-Jones, Sasha (November 14, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/11/14/051114crmu_music">"A Place in the Sun – Houston Hip-Hop Takes Over"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.atitle=A+Place+in+the+Sun+%E2%80%93+Houston+Hip-Hop+Takes+Over&amp;rft.date=2005-11-14&amp;rft.aulast=Frere-Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Sasha&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2005%2F11%2F14%2F051114crmu_music&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritagesociety.org/ths.html">The Heritage Society: Walk into Houston's Past</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610115218/http://www.heritagesociety.org/ths.html">Archived</a> June 10, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>The Heritage Society.</i> Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huber, Kathy. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/life/gardening/article/Houston-botanic-garden-slowly-becoming-reality-1896890.php">Houston botanic garden slowly becoming reality</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Monday October 30, 2006. Retrieved on November 14, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Continental Magazine, March 2008. p.67.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/">"2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings"</a>. Walk Score. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2011+City+and+Neighborhood+Rankings&amp;rft.pub=Walk+Score&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkscore.com%2Frankings%2Fcities%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nl/houastros/astros.html">"Houston Astros: Historical Moments"</a>. sportsecyclopedia.com. October 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+Astros%3A+Historical+Moments&amp;rft.pub=sportsecyclopedia.com&amp;rft.date=2013-10-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsecyclopedia.com%2Fnl%2Fhouastros%2Fastros.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nba/houston/rockets.html">"Houston Rockets: History"</a>. sportsecyclopedia.com. May 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+Rockets%3A+History&amp;rft.pub=sportsecyclopedia.com&amp;rft.date=2013-05-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsecyclopedia.com%2Fnba%2Fhouston%2Frockets.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">National Pro Fastpitch (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profastpitch.com/news/?article_id=2441">"NPF Announces Houston Expansion Team in 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=NPF+Announces+Houston+Expansion+Team+in+2016&amp;rft.date=2015-10-23&amp;rft.au=National+Pro+Fastpitch&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofastpitch.com%2Fnews%2F%3Farticle_id%3D2441&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savingplaces.org/treasures/astrodome">"Discover: The Astrodome"</a>. National Trust for Historic Preservation. March 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Discover%3A+The+Astrodome&amp;rft.pub=National+Trust+for+Historic+Preservation&amp;rft.date=2013-03-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.savingplaces.org%2Ftreasures%2Fastrodome&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/hou/ticketing/college_classic.jsp">"2014 Houston College Classic"</a>. MLB.com. March 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2014+Houston+College+Classic&amp;rft.pub=MLB.com&amp;rft.date=2014-03-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fhou%2Fticketing%2Fcollege_classic.jsp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lewandowski, Dave (March 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indycar.com/News/2012/March/3-28-Houston-added-to-2013-schedule">"Houston, we have liftoff for October 2013 event"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/IndyCar" class="mw-redirect" title="IndyCar">IndyCar</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IndyCar+Series&amp;rft.atitle=Houston%2C+we+have+liftoff+for+October+2013+event&amp;rft.date=2012-03-28&amp;rft.aulast=Lewandowski&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indycar.com%2FNews%2F2012%2FMarch%2F3-28-Houston-added-to-2013-schedule&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/sports/article/IndyCar-s-coming-to-town-Houston-race-slated-for-3442320.php">"IndyCar's coming to town: Houston race slated for 2013 – Houston Chronicle"</a>. Chron.com. March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=IndyCar%27s+coming+to+town%3A+Houston+race+slated+for+2013+%E2%80%93+Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.pub=Chron.com&amp;rft.date=2012-03-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fsports%2Farticle%2FIndyCar-s-coming-to-town-Houston-race-slated-for-3442320.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-home_rule-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-home_rule_184-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-home_rule_184-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/controller/cafr/cafr2.html">"Office of the Controller, City of Houston"</a>. <i>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Summary+of+Significant+Accounting+Policies&amp;rft.atitle=Office+of+the+Controller%2C+City+of+Houston&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fcontroller%2Fcafr%2Fcafr2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Thomas R. Dye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506115644/http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_dye_politics_6/27/7116/1821883.cw/index.html">"Local Government in Texas: Cities, Towns, Counties, and Special Districts"</a>. <i>Politics in America, Sixth Edition</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_dye_politics_6/27/7116/1821883.cw/index.html">the original</a> on May 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Politics+in+America%2C+Sixth+Edition&amp;rft.atitle=Local+Government+in+Texas%3A+Cities%2C+Towns%2C+Counties%2C+and+Special+Districts&amp;rft.au=Thomas+R.+Dye&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwps.prenhall.com%2Fhss_dye_politics_6%2F27%2F7116%2F1821883.cw%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Houston_City_Council-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_City_Council_186-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_City_Council_186-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/council/index.html">"City Council"</a>. <i>City of Houston eGovernment Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+of+Houston+eGovernment+Center&amp;rft.atitle=City+Council&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fcouncil%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Houston_Mayor's_Office-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Houston_Mayor's_Office_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/mayor/index.html">"Mayor's Office"</a>. <i>City of Houston eGovernment Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+of+Houston+eGovernment+Center&amp;rft.atitle=Mayor%27s+Office&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fmayor%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948775,00.html">"Strong Currents of Change"</a>. <i>TIME Magazine</i>. November 19, 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Strong+Currents+of+Change&amp;rft.date=1979-11-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C948775%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Matt Stiles (August 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2006_4168311">"City Council may grow by two seats, Houston Chronicle"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=City+Council+may+grow+by+two+seats%2C+Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.date=2006-08-10&amp;rft.au=Matt+Stiles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2FCDA%2Farchives%2Farchive.mpl%3Fid%3D2006_4168311&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houston voters lengthen term limits for city officials "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.chron.com/politics/election/local/article/Voters-lengthen-term-limits-for-city-officials-6609018.php">[1]</a><i>. Retrieved on January 10, 2015.</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7397637.html">"Aimee Buras, "Clymer Wright, force for Houston term limits, found dead," January 25, 2011"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Aimee+Buras%2C+%22Clymer+Wright%2C+force+for+Houston+term+limits%2C+found+dead%2C%22+January+25%2C+2011&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Fmetropolitan%2F7397637.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houston_Area_Survey_1982–2005_192-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klineberg, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090227010353/http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/HAS/emplibrary/REPORT-2005.pdf">Houston Area Survey 1982–2005</a>, Page 40.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Turner, Ashlynn (January 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.click2houston.com/news/houston-homicide-rate">"Houston homicide rate changes little in 2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+homicide+rate+changes+little+in+2016&amp;rft.date=2017-01-04&amp;rft.aulast=Turner&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashlynn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.click2houston.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-homicide-rate&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128173304/http://www.morganquitno.com/cit05r.pdf">"Murder Rate in 2005"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morganquitno.com/cit05r.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on November 28, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Murder+Rate+in+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morganquitno.com%2Fcit05r.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>&#160;<small>(30.4&#160;KB)</small>," <i><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Quitno" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Quitno">Morgan Quitno</a></i>. Retrieved on November 29, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FBI Uniform 2010 (prov.) Crime Report Table 4 "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/preliminary-annual-ucr-jan-dec-2010/data-tables/table-4/table-4/view">[2]</a><i>. Retrieved on July 6, 2011.</i></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Murder,_other_crimes_drop_in_Hoston-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murder,_other_crimes_drop_in_Hoston_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, Renee C. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7669040.html">New FBI stats suggest crime's in decline in Houston</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>, July 26, 2011, p. B2. Retrieved July 26, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-crime2016-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crime2016_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Keri Blakinger (September 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/FBI-report-Houston-s-murder-rate-down-violent-12227941.php">"FBI report: Houston's murder rate down, violent crime increases"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=FBI+report%3A+Houston%27s+murder+rate+down%2C+violent+crime+increases&amp;rft.date=2017-09-25&amp;rft.au=Keri+Blakinger&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonchronicle.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Fhouston%2Farticle%2FFBI-report-Houston-s-murder-rate-down-violent-12227941.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs32/32771/distribution.htm">Distribution – Houston High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Drug Market Analysis 2009</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a></i>. Retrieved on August 11, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2013/October/Sex-Trafficking-Groups-Expose-Houstons-Dark-Secret/">"Sex Trafficking: Groups Expose Houston's Dark Secret"</a>. <i>cbn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cbn.com&amp;rft.atitle=Sex+Trafficking%3A+Groups+Expose+Houston%27s+Dark+Secret&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbn.com%2Fcbnnews%2Fus%2F2013%2FOctober%2FSex-Trafficking-Groups-Expose-Houstons-Dark-Secret%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907718-1,00.html">"CRIME: The Houston Horrors"</a>. <i>TIME Magazine</i>. August 20, 1973<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=CRIME%3A+The+Houston+Horrors&amp;rft.date=1973-08-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C907718-1%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D4MkAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=ANoFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4597,220911&amp;dq">"Beaver Country Times"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Beaver+Country+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DD4MkAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DANoFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4597%2C220911%26dq&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eschoolnews.com/2006/02/21/houston-isd-automates-lunch/">Houston ISD automates lunch</a>", <i>eSchool News online</i>, February 21, 2006. Retrieved on December 16, 2006.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston-texas-online.com/privateschools.html">Private Schools</a>. <i>Houston-Texas-Online</i>. 2004. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonareaweb.com/private_schools/">Houston Private Schools</a>. HoustonAreaWeb.com. Retrieved on January 10, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080101054600/http://www.hlsr.com/ed/sa/sa_p.aspx">School Art Participation</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a></i>. Retrieved on January 10, 2007. Archived at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houstonprivateschools.org/index.cfm?CFID=15996033&amp;CFTOKEN=41756059&amp;MenuItemID=96&amp;MenuGroup=Home%20New">About HAIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328010101/http://houstonprivateschools.org/index.cfm?CFID=15996033&amp;CFTOKEN=41756059&amp;MenuItemID=96&amp;MenuGroup=Home+New">Archived</a> March 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Houston Area independent schools</i>. 2007. Retrieved on March 27, 2007.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Tier_One_Research-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tier_One_Research_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bonnin, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2011articles/Jan2011/011811CarnegieTierOne.php">"Carnegie Foundation Gives University of Houston its Highest Classification for Research Success, Elevating UH to Tier One Status"</a>. University of Houston<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Carnegie+Foundation+Gives+University+of+Houston+its+Highest+Classification+for+Research+Success%2C+Elevating+UH+to+Tier+One+Status&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Houston&amp;rft.au=Bonnin%2C+Richard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uh.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fstories%2F2011articles%2FJan2011%2F011811CarnegieTierOne.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bill Hensel, Jr. (April 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2007_4319002">"Airport designated 'model port of entry', Houston Chronicle"</a>. <i>chron. com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=chron.+com&amp;rft.atitle=Airport+designated+%27model+port+of+entry%27%2C+Houston+Chronicle&amp;rft.date=2007-04-05&amp;rft.au=Bill+Hensel%2C+Jr.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2FCDA%2Farchives%2Farchive.mpl%3Fid%3D2007_4319002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviationblog.dallasnews.com/2015/10/southwest-launches-new-international-service-at-houston-hobby-airport-today.html/">"Southwest launches new international service at Houston Hobby Airport today"</a>. <i>Dallas Morning News</i>. October 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dallas+Morning+News&amp;rft.atitle=Southwest+launches+new+international+service+at+Houston+Hobby+Airport+today&amp;rft.date=2015-10-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviationblog.dallasnews.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fsouthwest-launches-new-international-service-at-houston-hobby-airport-today.html%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090314202933/http://www.fly2houston.com/0/1650213/0/1906/">"William P. Hobby Airport Rated Among Top Five Performing Airports Worldwide"</a>. <i>Houston Airport System</i>. March 10, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fly2houston.com/0/1650213/0/1906/">the original</a> on March 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Houston+Airport+System&amp;rft.atitle=William+P.+Hobby+Airport+Rated+Among+Top+Five+Performing+Airports+Worldwide&amp;rft.date=2009-03-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fly2houston.com%2F0%2F1650213%2F0%2F1906%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/sistercities.html">"Sister Cities"</a>. houstontx.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&amp;rft.pub=houstontx.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstontx.gov%2Fabouthouston%2Fsistercities.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sistercitieshouston.org/join-a-sister-cities-association/">"Our Sister Cities Associations"</a>. <i>www.sistercitieshouston.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.sistercitieshouston.org&amp;rft.atitle=Our+Sister+Cities+Associations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sistercitieshouston.org%2Fjoin-a-sister-cities-association%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906013027/http://www.iraqiembassy.us/article/houston-city-council-unanimously-approves-sister-city-agreement-between-houston-texas-and">"Houston City Council unanimously approves Sister City Agreement between Houston, Texas and Basrah, Iraq"</a>. <i>iraqiembassy.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqiembassy.us/article/houston-city-council-unanimously-approves-sister-city-agreement-between-houston-texas-and">the original</a> on September 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=iraqiembassy.us&amp;rft.atitle=Houston+City+Council+unanimously+approves+Sister+City+Agreement+between+Houston%2C+Texas+and+Basrah%2C+Iraq&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqiembassy.us%2Farticle%2Fhouston-city-council-unanimously-approves-sister-city-agreement-between-houston-texas-and&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Grampian-Houston-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grampian-Houston_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820094653/http://www.grampian-houston.co.uk/about.html">"Grampian-Houston"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grampian-houston.co.uk/about.html">the original</a> on August 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grampian-Houston&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grampian-houston.co.uk%2Fabout.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdh03">Houston, Texas</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-journal.org/2008/18_3_houston.html">Houston, New York Has a Problem, <i>City Journal</i>, Summer 2008</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonhistory.com/">174 Years of Historic Houston</a> <i>Houstonhistory.com</i>. 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-13.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192033/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-24649%3A1"><i>A thumb-nail history of the city of Houston, Texas, from its founding in 1836 to the year 1912</i></a>, published 1912, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>, republished 2007 by Copano Bay Press.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192014/http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-24646%3A1"><i>True stories of old Houston and Houstonians: historical and personal sketches / by S. O. Young.</i></a>, published 1913, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>, republished 2007 by Copano Bay Press.</li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Allen, O. Fisher (1936). <i>City of Houston from Wilderness to Wonder</i>. Self Published. NA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=City+of+Houston+from+Wilderness+to+Wonder&amp;rft.pub=Self+Published&amp;rft.date=1936&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.aufirst=O.+Fisher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>.</li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Johnston, Marguerite (1991). <i>Houston, The Unknown City, 1836–1946</i>. Texas A&amp;M University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89096-476-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89096-476-9">0-89096-476-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Houston%2C+The+Unknown+City%2C+1836%E2%80%931946&amp;rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=0-89096-476-9&amp;rft.aulast=Johnston&amp;rft.aufirst=Marguerite&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Miller_(Texas_journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Miller (Texas journalist)">Miller, Ray</a> (1984). <i>Ray Miller's Houston</i>. Gulf Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88415-081-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-88415-081-X">0-88415-081-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ray+Miller%27s+Houston&amp;rft.pub=Gulf+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=0-88415-081-X&amp;rft.aulast=Miller&amp;rft.aufirst=Ray&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li>Phelps, Wesley G. <i>A People's War on Poverty: Urban Politics and Grassroots Activists in Houston.</i> Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2014.</li>
<li>Pruitt, Bernadette. <i>The Other Great Migration: The Movement of Rural African-Americans to Houston, 1900–1941.</i> College Station, TX: Texas A&amp;M University Press, 2013.</li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Slotboom, Oscar F. "Erik" (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonfreeways.com/"><i>Houston Freeways</i></a>. Oscar F. Slotboom. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9741605-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9741605-3-9">0-9741605-3-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Houston+Freeways&amp;rft.pub=Oscar+F.+Slotboom&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-9741605-3-9&amp;rft.aulast=Slotboom&amp;rft.aufirst=Oscar+F.+%22Erik%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.houstonfreeways.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Wilson, Ann Quin (1982). <i>Native Houstonian – A Collective Portrait</i>. The Donning Company – Houston Baptist University Press. 80-27644.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Native+Houstonian+%E2%80%93+A+Collective+Portrait&amp;rft.pub=The+Donning+Company+%E2%80%93+Houston+Baptist+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Ann+Quin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouston" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;">
<div style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Find more about<b style="display:block;">Houston</b>at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div>
<ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;">
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Houston">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Houston">Media</a> from Wikimedia Commons</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Houston">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Houston">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Houston">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Houston">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Houston#Q16555" class="extiw" title="voy:Houston">Travel guide</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li>
<li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="27" height="24" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/41px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/54px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Houston" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Houston">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/">Official website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visithoustontexas.com/">Greater Houston Convention &amp; Visitors Bureau</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houston.org/">Greater Houston Partnership (GHP) Houston Chamber</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontranstar.org/">Greater Houston Transportation and Emergency Management Center</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonlibrary.org/">Houston Public Library official website</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Texas/Localities/H/Houston/">Houston</a> at Curlie (based on <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li>
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<div><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Houston" title="Nicknames of Houston">Nickname</a>: <i>Space City</i></div>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Houston" title="Architecture of Houston">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Houston" title="Climate of Houston">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Houston" title="Culture of Houston">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Houston" title="Demographics of Houston">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Houston" title="Economy of Houston">Economy</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Houston" title="Timeline of Houston">Timeline</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Houston" title="List of newspapers in Houston">Newspapers</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Houston" title="Transportation in Houston">Transportation</a></li>
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</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Houston,_Texas.png" class="image" title="Seal of Houston"><img alt="Seal of Houston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png/80px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png/120px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png/160px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Art_Car_Parade" title="Houston Art Car Parade">Art Car Parade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bayou_Place" title="Bayou Place">Bayou Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comicpalooza" title="Comicpalooza">Comicpalooza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Green" title="Discovery Green">Discovery Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Aquarium,_Houston" title="Downtown Aquarium, Houston">Downtown Aquarium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Free_Press_Summer_Fest" title="Free Press Summer Fest">Free Press Summer Fest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Galleria (Houston)">The Galleria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Park" title="Hermann Park">Hermann Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Zoo" title="Houston Zoo">Houston Zoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kemah_Boardwalk" title="Kemah Boardwalk">Kemah Boardwalk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lee_and_Joe_Jamail_Skatepark" title="Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark">Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Park,_Houston" title="Memorial Park, Houston">Memorial Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Show" title="The Orange Show">The Orange Show</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Battleground_State_Historic_Site" title="San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site">San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Center_Houston" title="Space Center Houston">Space Center Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wet%27n%27Wild_SplashTown" title="Wet'n'Wild SplashTown">Splashtown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Theater_District" title="Houston Theater District">Theater District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Hines_Waterwall_Park" title="Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park">Waterwall Park</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />
Districts</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenway_Plaza" title="Greenway Plaza">Greenway Plaza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Energy_Corridor" title="Houston Energy Corridor">Energy Corridor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westchase,_Houston" title="Westchase, Houston">Westchase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_City,_Houston" title="Memorial City, Houston">Memorial City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenspoint,_Houston" title="Greenspoint, Houston">Greenspoint</a></li>
</ul>
<p><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Houston" title="List of companies in Houston">List of companies in Houston</a></i></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Acres_Homes,_Houston" title="Acres Homes, Houston">Acres Homes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Addicks,_Houston" title="Addicks, Houston">Addicks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alief,_Houston" title="Alief, Houston">Alief</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Almeda,_Houston" title="Almeda, Houston">Almeda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bordersville,_Houston" title="Bordersville, Houston">Bordersville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Oaks,_Houston" title="Boulevard Oaks, Houston">Boulevard Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn,_Houston" title="Braeburn, Houston">Braeburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Braeswood_Place,_Houston" title="Braeswood Place, Houston">Braeswood Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brays_Oaks,_Houston" title="Brays Oaks, Houston">Brays Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge,_Houston" title="Blue Ridge, Houston">Blue Ridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Houston" title="Chinatown, Houston">Chinatown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_City_(Greater_Houston)" title="Clear Lake City (Greater Houston)">Clear Lake City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Harbor,_Houston" title="Denver Harbor, Houston">Denver Harbor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Downtown_Houston" title="East Downtown Houston">East Downtown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_End,_Houston" title="East End, Houston">East End</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Houston,_Houston" title="East Houston, Houston">East Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Houston" title="Fairbanks, Houston">Fairbanks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Park,_Houston" title="Forum Park, Houston">Forum Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genoa,_Houston" title="Genoa, Houston">Genoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glenbrook_Valley,_Houston" title="Glenbrook Valley, Houston">Glenbrook Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gulfton,_Houston" title="Gulfton, Houston">Gulfton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Houston" title="Harrisburg, Houston">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Clarke,_Houston" title="Hiram Clarke, Houston">Hiram Clarke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Heights" title="Houston Heights">Houston Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Heights,_Houston" title="Independence Heights, Houston">Independence Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Forest,_Houston" title="Inwood Forest, Houston">Inwood Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kingwood,_Houston" title="Kingwood, Houston">Kingwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Link_Valley,_Houston" title="Link Valley, Houston">Link Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Westheimer,_Houston" title="Lower Westheimer, Houston">Lower Westheimer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Park,_Houston" title="Magnolia Park, Houston">Magnolia Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_District,_Houston" title="Mahatma Gandhi District, Houston">Mahatma Gandhi District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_Houston" title="Maplewood, Houston">Maplewood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Memorial,_Houston" title="Memorial, Houston">Memorial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meyerland,_Houston" title="Meyerland, Houston">Meyerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midtown,_Houston" title="Midtown, Houston">Midtown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_District,_Houston" title="Montrose District, Houston">Montrose District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neartown_Houston" title="Neartown Houston">Neartown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Near_Northwest,_Texas" title="Near Northwest, Texas">Near Northwest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_Houston" title="North Shore, Houston">North Shore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northside,_Houston" title="Northside, Houston">Northside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Forest,_Houston" title="Oak Forest, Houston">Oak Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/River_Oaks,_Houston" title="River Oaks, Houston">River Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Terrace,_Houston" title="Riverside Terrace, Houston">Riverside Terrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Management_District" title="Southwest Management District">Southwest Management District</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Park,_Houston" title="South Park, Houston">South Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Branch,_Houston" title="Spring Branch, Houston">Spring Branch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Houston" title="Sunnyside, Houston">Sunnyside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kirby" title="Upper Kirby">Upper Kirby</a></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Houston" title="Wards of Houston">Historic wards</a></dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/First_Ward,_Houston" title="First Ward, Houston">First Ward</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Second_Ward,_Houston" title="Second Ward, Houston">Second Ward</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Third_Ward,_Houston" title="Third Ward, Houston">Third Ward</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Ward,_Houston" title="Fourth Ward, Houston">Fourth Ward</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Ward,_Houston" title="Fifth Ward, Houston">Fifth Ward</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Ward,_Houston" title="Sixth Ward, Houston">Sixth Ward</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Houston" title="Education in Houston">Education</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<dl>
<dt>State universities</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Clear_Lake" title="University of Houston–Clear Lake">University of Houston–Clear Lake</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Downtown" title="University of Houston–Downtown">University of Houston–Downtown</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_University" title="Texas Southern University">Texas Southern University</a></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Private universities</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Baptist_University" title="Houston Baptist University">Houston Baptist University</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_(Texas)" title="University of St. Thomas (Texas)">University of St. Thomas</a></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Community colleges</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Community_College_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Community College System">Houston Community College</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_College_System" title="Lone Star College System">Lone Star College</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_College" title="San Jacinto College">San Jacinto College</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Lee_College" title="Lee College">Lee College</a></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/wiki/K-12" class="mw-redirect" title="K-12">K-12</a> school districts</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Aldine_Independent_School_District" title="Aldine Independent School District">Aldine ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Alief_Independent_School_District" title="Alief Independent School District">Alief ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_Branch_Independent_School_District" title="Spring Branch Independent School District">Spring Branch ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Clear_Creek_Independent_School_District" title="Clear Creek Independent School District">Clear Creek ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Cypress-Fairbanks_Independent_School_District" title="Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District">Cy-Fair ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_Independent_School_District" title="Fort Bend Independent School District">Fort Bend ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Galena_Park_Independent_School_District" title="Galena Park Independent School District">Galena Park ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Humble_Independent_School_District" title="Humble Independent School District">Humble ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Katy_Independent_School_District" title="Katy Independent School District">Katy ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Independent_School_District" title="Pasadena Independent School District">Pasadena ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_Independent_School_District" title="Spring Independent School District">Spring ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Huffman_Independent_School_District" title="Huffman Independent School District">Huffman ISD</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/New_Caney_Independent_School_District" title="New Caney Independent School District">New Caney ISD</a></dd>
</dl>
<p><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Houston" title="List of colleges and universities in Houston">List of colleges and universities in Houston</a></i></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">City Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Fire_Department" title="Houston Fire Department">Fire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Houston" title="List of mayors of Houston">Mayors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Police</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Houston" title="Politics of Houston">Politics</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_neighborhoods" title="List of Houston neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Afton_Oaks,_Houston" title="Afton Oaks, Houston">Afton Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Houston" title="Brentwood, Houston">Brentwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Briargrove_Park,_Houston" title="Briargrove Park, Houston">Briargrove Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Briarhills,_Houston" title="Briarhills, Houston">Briarhills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadacres,_Houston" title="Broadacres, Houston">Broadacres</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/City_Park,_Houston" title="City Park, Houston">City Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Park,_Houston" title="Clinton Park, Houston">Clinton Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cloverland,_Houston" title="Cloverland, Houston">Cloverland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Pointe,_Houston" title="Corinthian Pointe, Houston">Corinthian Pointe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_Grove,_Houston" title="Cottage Grove, Houston">Cottage Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crestwood/Glen_Cove,_Houston" title="Crestwood/Glen Cove, Houston">Crestwood/Glen Cove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood,_Houston" title="Eastwood, Houston">Eastwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Oaks,_Houston" title="Garden Oaks, Houston">Garden Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glenshire,_Houston" title="Glenshire, Houston">Glenshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Village,_Houston" title="Highland Village, Houston">Highland Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Gardens,_Houston" title="Houston Gardens, Houston">Houston Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idylwood,_Houston" title="Idylwood, Houston">Idylwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kashmere_Gardens,_Houston" title="Kashmere Gardens, Houston">Kashmere Gardens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Knollwood_Village,_Houston" title="Knollwood Village, Houston">Knollwood Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Parkway,_Houston" title="Lakes of Parkway, Houston">Lakes of Parkway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Larchmont,_Houston" title="Larchmont, Houston">Larchmont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Grove,_Houston" title="Magnolia Grove, Houston">Magnolia Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Houston" title="Montrose, Houston">Montrose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Place,_Houston" title="Morningside Place, Houston">Morningside Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Near_Northside,_Houston" title="Near Northside, Houston">Near North Side</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Forest,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham Forest, Houston">Nottingham Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Old_Braeswood,_Houston" title="Old Braeswood, Houston">Old Braeswood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Villages,_Houston" title="Parkway Villages, Houston">Parkway Villages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_Park,_Houston" title="Pecan Park, Houston">Pecan Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Houston" title="Port Houston">Port Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Military,_Houston" title="Rice Military, Houston">Rice Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Strip" title="Richmond Strip">Richmond Strip</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robindell,_Houston" title="Robindell, Houston">Robindell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oaks_Country_Club" title="Royal Oaks Country Club">Royal Oaks Country Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sagemont,_Houston" title="Sagemont, Houston">Sagemont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_Woods,_Houston" title="Scenic Woods, Houston">Scenic Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Settegast,_Houston" title="Settegast, Houston">Settegast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shadyside,_Houston" title="Shadyside, Houston">Shadyside</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sharpstown,_Houston" title="Sharpstown, Houston">Sharpstown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah,_Houston" title="Shenandoah, Houston">Shenandoah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Green,_Houston" title="Somerset Green, Houston">Somerset Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southampton,_Houston" title="Southampton, Houston">Southampton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southbelt/Ellington,_Houston" title="Southbelt/Ellington, Houston">Southbelt/Ellington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southcrest,_Houston" title="Southcrest, Houston">Southcrest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Houston" title="Southgate, Houston">Southgate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stablewood,_Houston" title="Stablewood, Houston">Stablewood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Place,_Houston" title="St. George Place, Houston">St. George Place</a> (Lamar Terrace)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Terrace/Montclair,_Houston" title="Sunset Terrace/Montclair, Houston">Sunset Terrace/Montclair</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood,_Houston" title="Tanglewood, Houston">Tanglewood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University_Oaks,_Houston" title="University Oaks, Houston">University Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Village_at_Glen_Iris,_Houston" title="Village at Glen Iris, Houston">Village at Glen Iris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Bend,_Houston" title="Walnut Bend, Houston">Walnut Bend</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Houston" title="Westbury, Houston">Westbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_End_(Houston)" title="West End (Houston)">West End</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Oaks,_Houston" title="West Oaks, Houston">West Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_(subdivision),_Houston" title="Westwood (subdivision), Houston">Westwood</a> (subdivision)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland,_Houston" title="Westmoreland, Houston">Westmoreland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Meadows,_Houston" title="Willow Meadows, Houston">Willow Meadows</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willowbend,_Houston" title="Willowbend, Houston">Willowbend</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Village,_Houston" title="Windsor Village, Houston">Windsor Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Heights,_Houston" title="Woodland Heights, Houston">Woodland Heights</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Dash" title="Houston Dash">Houston Dash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Dynamo" title="Houston Dynamo">Houston Dynamo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_SaberCats" title="Houston SaberCats">Houston SaberCats</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scrap_Yard_Dawgs" title="Scrap Yard Dawgs">Scrap Yard Dawgs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<div>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land Metro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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</ul>
</div>
<div id="20px&amp;#124;Flag_of_Texas_Houston–The_Woodlands–Sugar_Land" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Texas.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Texas"><img alt="Flag of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/20px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" width="20" height="13" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/30px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/40px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land</a></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austin_County,_Texas" title="Austin County, Texas">Austin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brazoria_County,_Texas" title="Brazoria County, Texas">Brazoria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_County,_Texas" title="Chambers County, Texas">Chambers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Fort Bend County, Texas">Fort Bend</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galveston_County,_Texas" title="Galveston County, Texas">Galveston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Texas" title="Liberty County, Texas">Liberty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waller_County,_Texas" title="Waller County, Texas">Waller</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div><a href="/wiki/File:HSB_MSA.png" class="image" title="Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area"><img alt="Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/HSB_MSA.png/100px-HSB_MSA.png" width="100" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/HSB_MSA.png/150px-HSB_MSA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/HSB_MSA.png/200px-HSB_MSA.png 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="280" /></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Principal" cities</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baytown,_Texas" title="Baytown, Texas">Baytown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alvin,_Texas" title="Alvin, Texas">Alvin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angleton,_Texas" title="Angleton, Texas">Angleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Texas" title="Bellaire, Texas">Bellaire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clute,_Texas" title="Clute, Texas">Clute</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Park,_Texas" title="Deer Park, Texas">Deer Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_Texas" title="Dickinson, Texas">Dickinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Texas" title="Freeport, Texas">Freeport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Friendswood,_Texas" title="Friendswood, Texas">Friendswood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galena_Park,_Texas" title="Galena Park, Texas">Galena Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humble,_Texas" title="Humble, Texas">Humble</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_City,_Texas" title="Jacinto City, Texas">Jacinto City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katy,_Texas" title="Katy, Texas">Katy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson,_Texas" title="Lake Jackson, Texas">Lake Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Marque,_Texas" title="La Marque, Texas">La Marque</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Porte,_Texas" title="La Porte, Texas">La Porte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/League_City,_Texas" title="League City, Texas">League City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Manvel,_Texas" title="Manvel, Texas">Manvel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_City,_Texas" title="Missouri City, Texas">Missouri City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Texas" title="Pasadena, Texas">Pasadena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pearland,_Texas" title="Pearland, Texas">Pearland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas">Richmond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rosenberg,_Texas" title="Rosenberg, Texas">Rosenberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Houston,_Texas" title="South Houston, Texas">South Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Texas" title="Stafford, Texas">Stafford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_City,_Texas" title="Texas City, Texas">Texas City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_University_Place,_Texas" title="West University Place, Texas">West University Place</a></li>
</ul>
<p><i>For a complete listing, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Greater_Houston" title="List of cities and towns in Greater Houston">list of cities and towns in Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA</a></i></p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unincorporated<br />
areas</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Atascocita,_Texas" title="Atascocita, Texas">Atascocita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channelview,_Texas" title="Channelview, Texas">Channelview</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf,_Texas" title="Cloverleaf, Texas">Cloverleaf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Texas" title="Crosby, Texas">Crosby</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cypress,_Texas" title="Cypress, Texas">Cypress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_Texas" title="Fresno, Texas">Fresno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hockley,_Texas" title="Hockley, Texas">Hockley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Klein,_Texas" title="Klein, Texas">Klein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Bolivar,_Texas" title="Port Bolivar, Texas">Port Bolivar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spring,_Texas" title="Spring, Texas">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of water</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou" title="Buffalo Bayou">Buffalo Bayou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Intracoastal_Waterway" title="Gulf Intracoastal Waterway">Gulf Intracoastal Waterway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_River_(Texas)" title="San Jacinto River (Texas)">San Jacinto River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Houston" title="Lake Houston">Lake Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Conroe" title="Lake Conroe">Lake Conroe</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=&amp;#124;link=_State_of_Texas" style="padding:3px">
<table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
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<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3">
<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas" title="Template:Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
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<div id="23x16px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=&amp;#124;link=_State_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<div><b><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></b> (capital)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Texas-related_articles" title="Index of Texas-related articles">Topics</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Texas" title="Architecture of Texas">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Texas" title="Climate of Texas">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Texas" title="Geography of Texas">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Texas" title="Government of Texas">Government</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Texas" title="Healthcare in Texas">Healthcare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Texas" title="Languages of Texas">Languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Texas" title="Law of Texas">Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_literature" title="Texas literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Texas_media" title="Category:Texas media">Media</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Texas" title="List of newspapers in Texas">Newspapers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Texas" title="List of radio stations in Texas">Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Texas" title="List of television stations in Texas">TV</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Texas" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas">National Historic Landmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks" title="List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks">Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">National Register of Historic Places Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Texas" title="Sports in Texas">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_state_symbols" title="List of Texas state symbols">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Texas" title="List of people from Texas">Texans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Texas" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Texas">Tourist attractions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Texas" title="Transportation in Texas">Transportation</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Texas.svg" class="image" title="Seal of Texas"><img alt="Seal of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/100px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/150px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Seal_of_Texas.svg/200px-Seal_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="524" /></a>
<div><small><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Texas" title="Seal of Texas">Seal of Texas</a></small></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Texas" title="Crime in Texas">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Texas" title="Demographics of Texas">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Texas" title="Economy of Texas">Economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Texas" title="Education in Texas">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Texas" title="Gambling in Texas">Gambling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Texas" title="Politics of Texas">Politics</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark‑La‑Tex</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_(Texas)" title="Big Bend (Texas)">Big Bend</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_blackland_prairies" title="Texas blackland prairies">Blackland Prairies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Valley" title="Brazos Valley">Brazos Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Texas" title="Central Texas">Central Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Bend" title="Texas Coastal Bend">Coastal Bend</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Concho_Valley" title="Concho Valley">Concho Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Timbers" title="Cross Timbers">Cross Timbers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas#Deep_East_Texas" title="East Texas">Deep East Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Texas)" title="Golden Triangle (Texas)">Golden Triangle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" title="Texas Panhandle">Panhandle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Rio Grande Valley">Rio Grande Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Plains" title="South Plains">South Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texoma" title="Texoma">Texoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Texas metropolitan areas">Metropolitan<br />
areas</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>–<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>–<a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a>–<a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Temple,_Texas" title="Temple, Texas">Temple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>–<a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mission,_Texas" title="Mission, Texas">Mission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>–<a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a>–<a href="/wiki/Denison,_Texas" title="Denison, Texas">Denison</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Texas" title="Texarkana, Texas">Texarkana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">Counties</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas" title="List of counties in Texas">List of counties in Texas</a></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<div id="Republic_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg, Texas">Harrisburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Washington-on-the-Brazos,_Texas" title="Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas">Washington-on-the-Brazos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Velasco,_Texas" title="Velasco, Texas">Velasco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_Texas" title="West Columbia, Texas">Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_(1839).svg" class="image" title="Seal of the Republic of Texas"><img alt="Seal of the Republic of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="668" /></a></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="President of the Republic of Texas">Presidents</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Burnet" title="David G. Burnet">David G. Burnet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_Lamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirabeau Lamar">Mirabeau Lamar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Jones" title="Anson Jones">Anson Jones</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice Presidents</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Zavala" title="Lorenzo de Zavala">Lorenzo de Zavala</a></li>
<li>Mirabeau Lamar</li>
<li>David G. Burnet</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burleson" title="Edward Burleson">Edward Burleson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lewis_Anderson" title="Kenneth Lewis Anderson">Kenneth Lewis Anderson</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Texas Declaration of Independence">Texas Declaration of Independence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Constitution of the Republic of Texas">Constitution of the Republic of Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_War" title="Texas Archive War">Texas Archive War</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonization</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Castro" title="Henri Castro">Henri Castro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fisher-Miller_Land_Grant" title="Fisher-Miller Land Grant">Fisher-Miller Land Grant</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential elections</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election,_1836" title="Republic of Texas presidential election, 1836">1836</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election,_1838" title="Republic of Texas presidential election, 1838">1838</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election,_1841" title="Republic of Texas presidential election, 1841">1841</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election,_1844" title="Republic of Texas presidential election, 1844">1844</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_articles_related_to_Houston" style="padding:3px">
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<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;">
<div id="Other_articles_related_to_Houston" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles related to Houston</div>
</th>
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<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harris_County,_Texas" title="Template:Harris County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
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<div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Harris_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas"><span class="region">Harris County, Texas</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Houston</span></a></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baytown,_Texas" title="Baytown, Texas">Baytown</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Texas" title="Bellaire, Texas">Bellaire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Village,_Texas" title="Bunker Hill Village, Texas">Bunker Hill Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Park,_Texas" title="Deer Park, Texas">Deer Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Lago,_Texas" title="El Lago, Texas">El Lago</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Friendswood,_Texas" title="Friendswood, Texas">Friendswood</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galena_Park,_Texas" title="Galena Park, Texas">Galena Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Village,_Texas" title="Hedwig Village, Texas">Hedwig Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hilshire_Village,_Texas" title="Hilshire Village, Texas">Hilshire Village</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humble,_Texas" title="Humble, Texas">Humble</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Creek_Village,_Texas" title="Hunters Creek Village, Texas">Hunters Creek Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_City,_Texas" title="Jacinto City, Texas">Jacinto City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Village,_Texas" title="Jersey Village, Texas">Jersey Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katy,_Texas" title="Katy, Texas">Katy</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Porte,_Texas" title="La Porte, Texas">La Porte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/League_City,_Texas" title="League City, Texas">League City</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_City,_Texas" title="Missouri City, Texas">Missouri City</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Point,_Texas" title="Morgan's Point, Texas">Morgan's Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Bay,_Texas" title="Nassau Bay, Texas">Nassau Bay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Texas" title="Pasadena, Texas">Pasadena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pearland,_Texas" title="Pearland, Texas">Pearland</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Point_Village,_Texas" title="Piney Point Village, Texas">Piney Point Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seabrook,_Texas" title="Seabrook, Texas">Seabrook</a>‡±</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shoreacres,_Texas" title="Shoreacres, Texas">Shoreacres</a>‡±</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Houston,_Texas" title="South Houston, Texas">South Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southside_Place,_Texas" title="Southside Place, Texas">Southside Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley_Village,_Texas" title="Spring Valley Village, Texas">Spring Valley Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Texas" title="Stafford, Texas">Stafford</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Lake_Village,_Texas" title="Taylor Lake Village, Texas">Taylor Lake Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tomball,_Texas" title="Tomball, Texas">Tomball</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waller,_Texas" title="Waller, Texas">Waller</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Webster,_Texas" title="Webster, Texas">Webster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_University_Place,_Texas" title="West University Place, Texas">West University Place</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div>
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg.png" title="Harris County map" width="100" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Harris_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12473" data-file-height="11855" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aldine,_Texas" title="Aldine, Texas">Aldine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Atascocita,_Texas" title="Atascocita, Texas">Atascocita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barrett,_Texas" title="Barrett, Texas">Barrett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channelview,_Texas" title="Channelview, Texas">Channelview</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_Ranch,_Texas" title="Cinco Ranch, Texas">Cinco Ranch</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf,_Texas" title="Cloverleaf, Texas">Cloverleaf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crosby,_Texas" title="Crosby, Texas">Crosby</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Highlands,_Texas" title="Highlands, Texas">Highlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bend,_Texas" title="Mission Bend, Texas">Mission Bend</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Texas" title="Sheldon, Texas">Sheldon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spring,_Texas" title="Spring, Texas">Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>‡</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />
communities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Airline,_Texas" title="Airline, Texas">Airline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bammel,_Texas" title="Bammel, Texas">Bammel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barker,_Texas" title="Barker, Texas">Barker</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_Place,_Texas" title="Beaumont Place, Texas">Beaumont Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeland_Community,_Texas" title="Bridgeland Community, Texas">Bridgeland Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bayou,_Texas" title="Cedar Bayou, Texas">Cedar Bayou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Forest,_Texas" title="Champion Forest, Texas">Champion Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron,_Texas" title="Cimarron, Texas">Cimarron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coady,_Texas" title="Coady, Texas">Coady</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copperfield,_Texas" title="Copperfield, Texas">Copperfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cypress,_Texas" title="Cypress, Texas">Cypress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dyersdale,_Texas" title="Dyersdale, Texas">Dyersdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Aldine,_Texas" title="East Aldine, Texas">East Aldine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Creek,_Texas" title="Fall Creek, Texas">Fall Creek</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hockley,_Texas" title="Hockley, Texas">Hockley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Houmont_Park,_Texas" title="Houmont Park, Texas">Houmont Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Howellville,_Texas" title="Howellville, Texas">Howellville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huffman,_Texas" title="Huffman, Texas">Huffman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hufsmith,_Texas" title="Hufsmith, Texas">Hufsmith</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kinwood,_Texas" title="Kinwood, Texas">Kinwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Klein,_Texas" title="Klein, Texas">Klein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kleinbrook,_Texas" title="Kleinbrook, Texas">Kleinbrook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kohrville,_Texas" title="Kohrville, Texas">Kohrville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louetta,_Texas" title="Louetta, Texas">Louetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Texas" title="Lynchburg, Texas">Lynchburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McNair,_Texas" title="McNair, Texas">McNair</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northcliffe,_Texas" title="Northcliffe, Texas">Northcliffe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northcliffe_Manor,_Texas" title="Northcliffe Manor, Texas">Northcliffe Manor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Houston,_Texas" title="North Houston, Texas">North Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northgate_Forest,_Texas" title="Northgate Forest, Texas">Northgate Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Country,_Texas" title="Nottingham Country, Texas">Nottingham Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Remington_Ranch,_Texas" title="Remington Ranch, Texas">Remington Ranch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hill,_Harris_County,_Texas" title="Rose Hill, Harris County, Texas">Rose Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma,_Texas" title="Satsuma, Texas">Satsuma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Meadows,_Texas" title="Timber Meadows, Texas">Timber Meadows</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Traces,_Texas" title="Traces, Texas">Traces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Texas" title="Westfield, Texas">Westfield</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties ±water surface only in adjacent county</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Template:Fort Bend County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
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</ul>
</div>
<div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Fort_Bend_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Fort Bend County, Texas"><span class="region">Fort Bend County, Texas</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas"><span>Richmond</span></a></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Texas#Cities" title="Administrative divisions of Texas">Cities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arcola,_Texas" title="Arcola, Texas">Arcola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beasley,_Texas" title="Beasley, Texas">Beasley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fulshear,_Texas" title="Fulshear, Texas">Fulshear</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Katy,_Texas" title="Katy, Texas">Katy</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kendleton,_Texas" title="Kendleton, Texas">Kendleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meadows_Place,_Texas" title="Meadows Place, Texas">Meadows Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_City,_Texas" title="Missouri City, Texas">Missouri City</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Needville,_Texas" title="Needville, Texas">Needville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orchard,_Texas" title="Orchard, Texas">Orchard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pearland,_Texas" title="Pearland, Texas">Pearland</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas">Richmond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rosenberg,_Texas" title="Rosenberg, Texas">Rosenberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simonton,_Texas" title="Simonton, Texas">Simonton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Texas" title="Stafford, Texas">Stafford</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas">Sugar Land</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Lakes,_Texas" title="Weston Lakes, Texas">Weston Lakes</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div>
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg.png" title="Fort Bend County map" width="100" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Fort_Bend_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12473" data-file-height="11855" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thompsons,_Texas" title="Thompsons, Texas">Thompsons</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_(United_States)#Texas" title="Village (United States)">Villages</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fairchilds,_Texas" title="Fairchilds, Texas">Fairchilds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pleak,_Texas" title="Pleak, Texas">Pleak</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_Ranch,_Texas" title="Cinco Ranch, Texas">Cinco Ranch</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cumings,_Texas" title="Cumings, Texas">Cumings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Street,_Texas" title="Fifth Street, Texas">Fifth Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners,_Texas" title="Four Corners, Texas">Four Corners</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_Texas" title="Fresno, Texas">Fresno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greatwood,_Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="Greatwood, Sugar Land, Texas">Greatwood</a> (now annexed into Sugar Land)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Bend,_Texas" title="Mission Bend, Texas">Mission Bend</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Territory,_Sugar_Land,_Texas" title="New Territory, Sugar Land, Texas">New Territory</a> (now annexed into Sugar Land)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_Grove,_Texas" title="Pecan Grove, Texas">Pecan Grove</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sienna_Plantation,_Texas" title="Sienna Plantation, Texas">Sienna Plantation</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />
communities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Booth,_Texas" title="Booth, Texas">Booth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crabb,_Texas" title="Crabb, Texas">Crabb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clodine,_Texas" title="Clodine, Texas">Clodine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DeWalt,_Missouri_City,_Texas" title="DeWalt, Missouri City, Texas">DeWalt</a>±</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foster,_Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Foster, Fort Bend County, Texas">Foster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guy,_Texas" title="Guy, Texas">Guy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Juliff,_Texas" title="Juliff, Texas">Juliff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Long_Point,_Texas" title="Long Point, Texas">Long Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Point,_Texas" title="Powell Point, Texas">Powell Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tavener,_Texas" title="Tavener, Texas">Tavener</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trammels,_Missouri_City,_Texas" title="Trammels, Missouri City, Texas">Trammels</a>±</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duke,_Texas" title="Duke, Texas">Duke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pittsville,_Texas" title="Pittsville, Texas">Pittsville</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties; ±Former community annexed by Missouri City</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Montgomery_County,_Texas,_United_States" style="padding:3px">
<table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3">
<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Template:Montgomery County, Texas"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
<li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Template talk:Montgomery County, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Montgomery_County,_Texas&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Montgomery_County,_Texas,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas"><span class="region">Montgomery County, Texas</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
<div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas"><span>Conroe</span></a></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cut_and_Shoot,_Texas" title="Cut and Shoot, Texas">Cut and Shoot</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a>‡</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia,_Texas" title="Magnolia, Texas">Magnolia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Texas" title="Montgomery, Texas">Montgomery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_North,_Texas" title="Oak Ridge North, Texas">Oak Ridge North</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_Village,_Texas" title="Panorama Village, Texas">Panorama Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patton_Village,_Texas" title="Patton Village, Texas">Patton Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah,_Texas" title="Shenandoah, Texas">Shenandoah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Splendora,_Texas" title="Splendora, Texas">Splendora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willis,_Texas" title="Willis, Texas">Willis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Woodbranch,_Texas" title="Woodbranch, Texas">Woodbranch</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
<td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px">
<div>
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg.png" title="Montgomery County map" width="100" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="12473" data-file-height="11855" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forest,_Texas" title="Roman Forest, Texas">Roman Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach,_Texas" title="Stagecoach, Texas">Stagecoach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Woodloch,_Texas" title="Woodloch, Texas">Woodloch</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinehurst,_Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Pinehurst, Montgomery County, Texas">Pinehurst</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Heights,_Texas" title="Porter Heights, Texas">Porter Heights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodlands,_Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas">The Woodlands</a>‡</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />
communities</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decker_Prairie,_Texas" title="Decker Prairie, Texas">Decker Prairie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dobbin,_Texas" title="Dobbin, Texas">Dobbin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Egypt,_Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Egypt, Montgomery County, Texas">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grangerland,_Texas" title="Grangerland, Texas">Grangerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Oaks,_Texas" title="Imperial Oaks, Texas">Imperial Oaks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Caney,_Texas" title="New Caney, Texas">New Caney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Porter,_Texas" title="Porter, Texas">Porter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/River_Plantation,_Texas" title="River Plantation, Texas">River Plantation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tamina,_Texas" title="Tamina, Texas">Tamina</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Esperanza,_Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Esperanza, Montgomery County, Texas">Esperanza</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footnotes</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Texas" style="padding:3px">
<table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
<ul>
<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Texas_county_seats" title="Template:Texas county seats"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
<li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Texas_county_seats" title="Template talk:Texas county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Texas_county_seats&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="County_seats_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">A</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Texas" title="Albany, Texas">Albany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alice,_Texas" title="Alice, Texas">Alice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_Texas" title="Alpine, Texas">Alpine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anahuac,_Texas" title="Anahuac, Texas">Anahuac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anderson,_Texas" title="Anderson, Texas">Anderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrews,_Texas" title="Andrews, Texas">Andrews</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angleton,_Texas" title="Angleton, Texas">Angleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anson,_Texas" title="Anson, Texas">Anson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Archer_City,_Texas" title="Archer City, Texas">Archer City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aspermont,_Texas" title="Aspermont, Texas">Aspermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Texas" title="Athens, Texas">Athens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baird,_Texas" title="Baird, Texas">Baird</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ballinger,_Texas" title="Ballinger, Texas">Ballinger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bandera,_Texas" title="Bandera, Texas">Bandera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Texas" title="Bay City, Texas">Bay City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beeville,_Texas" title="Beeville, Texas">Beeville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bellville,_Texas" title="Bellville, Texas">Bellville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belton,_Texas" title="Belton, Texas">Belton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin,_Texas" title="Benjamin, Texas">Benjamin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Lake,_Texas" title="Big Lake, Texas">Big Lake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Spring,_Texas" title="Big Spring, Texas">Big Spring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boerne,_Texas" title="Boerne, Texas">Boerne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonham,_Texas" title="Bonham, Texas">Bonham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Texas" title="Boston, Texas">Boston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas" title="Brackettville, Texas">Brackettville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brady,_Texas" title="Brady, Texas">Brady</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Breckenridge,_Texas" title="Breckenridge, Texas">Breckenridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brenham,_Texas" title="Brenham, Texas">Brenham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield,_Texas" title="Brownfield, Texas">Brownfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownwood,_Texas" title="Brownwood, Texas">Brownwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Texas" title="Bryan, Texas">Bryan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Burnet,_Texas" title="Burnet, Texas">Burnet</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Texas" title="Caldwell, Texas">Caldwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cameron,_Texas" title="Cameron, Texas">Cameron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canadian,_Texas" title="Canadian, Texas">Canadian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Texas" title="Canton, Texas">Canton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canyon,_Texas" title="Canyon, Texas">Canyon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Springs,_Texas" title="Carrizo Springs, Texas">Carrizo Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Texas" title="Carthage, Texas">Carthage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Center,_Texas" title="Center, Texas">Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Texas" title="Centerville, Texas">Centerville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channing,_Texas" title="Channing, Texas">Channing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Childress,_Texas" title="Childress, Texas">Childress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon,_Texas" title="Clarendon, Texas">Clarendon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Texas" title="Clarksville, Texas">Clarksville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Claude,_Texas" title="Claude, Texas">Claude</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coldspring,_Texas" title="Coldspring, Texas">Coldspring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coleman,_Texas" title="Coleman, Texas">Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_City,_Texas" title="Colorado City, Texas">Colorado City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Texas" title="Columbus, Texas">Columbus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comanche,_Texas" title="Comanche, Texas">Comanche</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conroe,_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cooper,_Texas" title="Cooper, Texas">Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cotulla,_Texas" title="Cotulla, Texas">Cotulla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crane,_Texas" title="Crane, Texas">Crane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crockett,_Texas" title="Crockett, Texas">Crockett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crosbyton,_Texas" title="Crosbyton, Texas">Crosbyton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crowell,_Texas" title="Crowell, Texas">Crowell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Texas" title="Crystal City, Texas">Crystal City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cuero,_Texas" title="Cuero, Texas">Cuero</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">D</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daingerfield,_Texas" title="Daingerfield, Texas">Daingerfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dalhart,_Texas" title="Dalhart, Texas">Dalhart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Texas" title="Decatur, Texas">Decatur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Del_Rio,_Texas" title="Del Rio, Texas">Del Rio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dickens,_Texas" title="Dickens, Texas">Dickens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dimmitt,_Texas" title="Dimmitt, Texas">Dimmitt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dumas,_Texas" title="Dumas, Texas">Dumas</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastland,_Texas" title="Eastland, Texas">Eastland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado,_Texas" title="Eldorado, Texas">Eldorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emory,_Texas" title="Emory, Texas">Emory</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">F</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Texas" title="Fairfield, Texas">Fairfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Falfurrias,_Texas" title="Falfurrias, Texas">Falfurrias</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Farwell,_Texas" title="Farwell, Texas">Farwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Floresville,_Texas" title="Floresville, Texas">Floresville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Floydada,_Texas" title="Floydada, Texas">Floydada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Davis,_Texas" title="Fort Davis, Texas">Fort Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stockton,_Texas" title="Fort Stockton, Texas">Fort Stockton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Texas" title="Franklin, Texas">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Texas" title="Fredericksburg, Texas">Fredericksburg</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gail,_Texas" title="Gail, Texas">Gail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Texas" title="Gainesville, Texas">Gainesville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Texas" title="Garden City, Texas">Garden City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gatesville,_Texas" title="Gatesville, Texas">Gatesville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_West,_Texas" title="George West, Texas">George West</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Giddings,_Texas" title="Giddings, Texas">Giddings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gilmer,_Texas" title="Gilmer, Texas">Gilmer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Rose,_Texas" title="Glen Rose, Texas">Glen Rose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Goldthwaite,_Texas" title="Goldthwaite, Texas">Goldthwaite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Texas" title="Gonzales, Texas">Gonzales</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Graham,_Texas" title="Graham, Texas">Graham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Granbury,_Texas" title="Granbury, Texas">Granbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Texas" title="Greenville, Texas">Greenville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groesbeck,_Texas" title="Groesbeck, Texas">Groesbeck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groveton,_Texas" title="Groveton, Texas">Groveton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie,_Texas" title="Guthrie, Texas">Guthrie</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">H</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hallettsville,_Texas" title="Hallettsville, Texas">Hallettsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Texas" title="Hamilton, Texas">Hamilton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haskell,_Texas" title="Haskell, Texas">Haskell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hebbronville,_Texas" title="Hebbronville, Texas">Hebbronville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hemphill,_Texas" title="Hemphill, Texas">Hemphill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_Texas" title="Hempstead, Texas">Hempstead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta,_Texas" title="Henrietta, Texas">Henrietta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hereford,_Texas" title="Hereford, Texas">Hereford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Texas" title="Hillsboro, Texas">Hillsboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hondo,_Texas" title="Hondo, Texas">Hondo</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">J</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jacksboro,_Texas" title="Jacksboro, Texas">Jacksboro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Texas" title="Jasper, Texas">Jasper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jayton,_Texas" title="Jayton, Texas">Jayton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Texas" title="Jefferson, Texas">Jefferson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Texas" title="Johnson City, Texas">Johnson City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jourdanton,_Texas" title="Jourdanton, Texas">Jourdanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Junction,_Texas" title="Junction, Texas">Junction</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karnes_City,_Texas" title="Karnes City, Texas">Karnes City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman,_Texas" title="Kaufman, Texas">Kaufman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kermit,_Texas" title="Kermit, Texas">Kermit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kerrville,_Texas" title="Kerrville, Texas">Kerrville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kingsville,_Texas" title="Kingsville, Texas">Kingsville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kountze,_Texas" title="Kountze, Texas">Kountze</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">L</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/La_Grange,_Texas" title="La Grange, Texas">La Grange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lamesa,_Texas" title="Lamesa, Texas">Lamesa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lampasas,_Texas" title="Lampasas, Texas">Lampasas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leakey,_Texas" title="Leakey, Texas">Leakey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Levelland,_Texas" title="Levelland, Texas">Levelland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Texas" title="Liberty, Texas">Liberty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Texas" title="Linden, Texas">Linden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lipscomb,_Texas" title="Lipscomb, Texas">Lipscomb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Littlefield,_Texas" title="Littlefield, Texas">Littlefield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Texas" title="Livingston, Texas">Livingston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Llano,_Texas" title="Llano, Texas">Llano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Longview,_Texas" title="Longview, Texas">Longview</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin,_Texas" title="Lufkin, Texas">Lufkin</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Madisonville,_Texas" title="Madisonville, Texas">Madisonville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marfa,_Texas" title="Marfa, Texas">Marfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marlin,_Texas" title="Marlin, Texas">Marlin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Texas" title="Mason, Texas">Mason</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matador,_Texas" title="Matador, Texas">Matador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Texas" title="Memphis, Texas">Memphis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Menard,_Texas" title="Menard, Texas">Menard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mentone,_Texas" title="Mentone, Texas">Mentone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meridian,_Texas" title="Meridian, Texas">Meridian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mertzon,_Texas" title="Mertzon, Texas">Mertzon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Texas" title="Miami, Texas">Miami</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monahans,_Texas" title="Monahans, Texas">Monahans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montague,_Texas" title="Montague, Texas">Montague</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morton,_Texas" title="Morton, Texas">Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Texas" title="Mount Pleasant, Texas">Mount Pleasant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Texas" title="Mount Vernon, Texas">Mount Vernon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Muleshoe,_Texas" title="Muleshoe, Texas">Muleshoe</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">N</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas" title="New Braunfels, Texas">New Braunfels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Texas" title="Newton, Texas">Newton</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ozona,_Texas" title="Ozona, Texas">Ozona</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">P</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Texas" title="Paducah, Texas">Paducah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Rock,_Texas" title="Paint Rock, Texas">Paint Rock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palestine,_Texas" title="Palestine, Texas">Palestine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Pinto,_Texas" title="Palo Pinto, Texas">Palo Pinto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pampa,_Texas" title="Pampa, Texas">Pampa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panhandle,_Texas" title="Panhandle, Texas">Panhandle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Texas" title="Paris, Texas">Paris</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pearsall,_Texas" title="Pearsall, Texas">Pearsall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pecos,_Texas" title="Pecos, Texas">Pecos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perryton,_Texas" title="Perryton, Texas">Perryton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_Texas" title="Pittsburg, Texas">Pittsburg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plains,_Texas" title="Plains, Texas">Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plainview,_Texas" title="Plainview, Texas">Plainview</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lavaca,_Texas" title="Port Lavaca, Texas">Port Lavaca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Post,_Texas" title="Post, Texas">Post</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quanah,_Texas" title="Quanah, Texas">Quanah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quitman,_Texas" title="Quitman, Texas">Quitman</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rankin,_Texas" title="Rankin, Texas">Rankin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raymondville,_Texas" title="Raymondville, Texas">Raymondville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Refugio,_Texas" title="Refugio, Texas">Refugio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Texas" title="Richmond, Texas">Richmond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_City,_Texas" title="Rio Grande City, Texas">Rio Grande City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee,_Texas" title="Robert Lee, Texas">Robert Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roby,_Texas" title="Roby, Texas">Roby</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rockport,_Texas" title="Rockport, Texas">Rockport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rocksprings,_Texas" title="Rocksprings, Texas">Rocksprings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rockwall,_Texas" title="Rockwall, Texas">Rockwall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Angelo,_Texas" title="San Angelo, Texas">San Angelo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Augustine,_Texas" title="San Augustine, Texas">San Augustine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_Texas" title="San Diego, Texas">San Diego</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Texas" title="San Saba, Texas">San Saba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanderson,_Texas" title="Sanderson, Texas">Sanderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarita,_Texas" title="Sarita, Texas">Sarita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seguin,_Texas" title="Seguin, Texas">Seguin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seminole,_Texas" title="Seminole, Texas">Seminole</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seymour,_Texas" title="Seymour, Texas">Seymour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherman,_Texas" title="Sherman, Texas">Sherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca,_Texas" title="Sierra Blanca, Texas">Sierra Blanca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silverton,_Texas" title="Silverton, Texas">Silverton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sinton,_Texas" title="Sinton, Texas">Sinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Snyder,_Texas" title="Snyder, Texas">Snyder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sonora,_Texas" title="Sonora, Texas">Sonora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spearman,_Texas" title="Spearman, Texas">Spearman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Texas" title="Stanton, Texas">Stanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stephenville,_Texas" title="Stephenville, Texas">Stephenville</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_City,_Texas" title="Sterling City, Texas">Sterling City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stinnett,_Texas" title="Stinnett, Texas">Stinnett</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Texas" title="Stratford, Texas">Stratford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_Springs,_Texas" title="Sulphur Springs, Texas">Sulphur Springs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweetwater,_Texas" title="Sweetwater, Texas">Sweetwater</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">T</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tahoka,_Texas" title="Tahoka, Texas">Tahoka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Throckmorton,_Texas" title="Throckmorton, Texas">Throckmorton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tilden,_Texas" title="Tilden, Texas">Tilden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tulia,_Texas" title="Tulia, Texas">Tulia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uvalde,_Texas" title="Uvalde, Texas">Uvalde</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">V</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Van_Horn,_Texas" title="Van Horn, Texas">Van Horn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vega,_Texas" title="Vega, Texas">Vega</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Texas" title="Vernon, Texas">Vernon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Texas" title="Victoria, Texas">Victoria</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waxahachie,_Texas" title="Waxahachie, Texas">Waxahachie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford,_Texas" title="Weatherford, Texas">Weatherford</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wellington,_Texas" title="Wellington, Texas">Wellington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wharton,_Texas" title="Wharton, Texas">Wharton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler,_Texas" title="Wheeler, Texas">Wheeler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Texas" title="Woodville, Texas">Woodville</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Z</th>
<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zapata,_Texas" title="Zapata, Texas">Zapata</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
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<div id="Mayors_of_cities_with_populations_exceeding_100,000_in_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mayors of <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">cities with populations exceeding 100,000</a> in Texas</div>
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<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Turner" title="Sylvester Turner">Sylvester Turner</a></b> (D)<br />
(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Houston</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ron_Nirenberg" title="Ron Nirenberg">Ron Nirenberg</a></b> (I)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rawlings" title="Mike Rawlings">Mike Rawlings</a></b> (D)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Adler_(lawyer)" title="Steve Adler (lawyer)">Steve Adler</a></b> (D)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Price" title="Betsy Price">Betsy Price</a></b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Dee_Margo" title="Dee Margo">Dee Margo</a></b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jeff Williams</b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington</a>)</li>
<li><b>Joe McComb</b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_LaRosiliere" title="Harry LaRosiliere">Harry LaRosiliere</a></b> (I)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Pete_Saenz" title="Pete Saenz">Pete Saenz</a></b> (D)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Dan_Pope" title="Dan Pope">Dan Pope</a></b> (D)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a>)</li>
<li><b>Douglas Athas</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland</a>)</li>
<li><b>Beth Van Duyne</b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving</a>)</li>
<li><b>Ginger Nelson</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a>)</li>
<li><b>Ron Jensen</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Grand_Prairie,_Texas" title="Grand Prairie, Texas">Grand Prairie</a>)</li>
<li><b>Tony Martinez</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a>)</li>
<li><b>Johnny Isbell</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Texas" title="Pasadena, Texas">Pasadena</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Brian_Loughmiller" title="Brian Loughmiller">Brian Loughmiller</a></b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/McKinney,_Texas" title="McKinney, Texas">McKinney</a>)</li>
<li><b>Stan Pickett</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Mesquite,_Texas" title="Mesquite, Texas">Mesquite</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jim Darling</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jeff Cheney</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Frisco,_Texas" title="Frisco, Texas">Frisco</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jose Segarra</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Killeen,_Texas" title="Killeen, Texas">Killeen</a>)</li>
<li><b>Kyle Deaver</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Waco,_Texas" title="Waco, Texas">Waco</a>)</li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Falconer" title="Kevin Falconer">Kevin Falconer</a></b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Texas" title="Carrollton, Texas">Carrollton</a>)</li>
<li><b>Jerry Morales</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Midland,_Texas" title="Midland, Texas">Midland</a>)</li>
<li><b>Chris Watts</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Denton,_Texas" title="Denton, Texas">Denton</a>)</li>
<li><b>Norm Archibald</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a>)</li>
<li><b>Becky Ames</b> (R)<br />
(<a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>)</li>
<li><b>David Turner</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Odessa,_Texas" title="Odessa, Texas">Odessa</a>)</li>
<li><b>Alan McGraw</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a>)</li>
<li><b>Glenn Barham</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Wichita_Falls,_Texas" title="Wichita Falls, Texas">Wichita Falls</a>)</li>
<li><b>Paul Voelker</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Richardson,_Texas" title="Richardson, Texas">Richardson</a>)</li>
<li><b>Dean Ueckert</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Lewisville,_Texas" title="Lewisville, Texas">Lewisville</a>)</li>
<li><b>Martin Heines</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a>)</li>
<li><b>Tom Reid</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/Pearland,_Texas" title="Pearland, Texas">Pearland</a>)</li>
<li><b>Nancy Berry</b><br />
(<a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station</a>)</li>
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					<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%82%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ሂውስተን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="هيوستن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyuston" title="Hyuston – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیوستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="হিউস্টন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Х’юстан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Г’юстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Хюстън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Estados_Unidos,_Texas)" title="Houston (kapital sa kondado sa Estados Unidos, Texas) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Χιούστον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="eml" hreflang="eml" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_(Teksaso)" title="Houston (Teksaso) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیوستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93" title="休斯頓 – Gan Chinese" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="હ્યુસ્ટન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="휴스턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Kekeka" title="Houston, Kekeka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հյուստոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्युस्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Teksas" title="Houston, Teksas – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_(Texas)" title="Houston (Texas) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יוסטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰიუსტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Teksas" title="Houston, Teksas – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas" title="Houston, Texas – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_(Teksas)" title="Houston (Teksas) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hustonia" title="Hustonia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C5%ABstona" title="Hjūstona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiustonas" title="Hiustonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्युस्टन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хјустон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA_(%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="ഹ്യൂസ്റ്റൺ (ടെക്സസ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्युस्टन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰიუსტონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B0%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဟူစတန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ह्युस्टन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ヒューストン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyuston" title="Hyuston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੂਸਟਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ہیوسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хьюстон – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Teksas" title="Houston, Teksas – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ھیووستن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хјустон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹியூஸ்டன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyuston" title="Hyuston – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హ్యూస్టన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ฮิวสตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Хюстон, Техас – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%27%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Х&#039;юстон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ہیوسٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyuston" title="Hyuston – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjuston" title="Hjuston – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="היוסטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93" title="侯斯頓 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E6%96%AF%E6%95%A6" title="休斯敦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li>				</ul>
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