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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="247" data-total-count="247" id="story-continues-1">Disasters are meant to inform each other, the mistakes of one recovery observed and presumably avoided in the next. Those tasked with remaking Houston in the wake of the current devastation, will have a thick playbook of error on which to reflect.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="687" data-total-count="934">In the days following Hurricane Sandy, New York’s Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg sought above all not to duplicate the failures of Hurricane Katrina, seven years earlier — failures that had delivered so much corruption and waste. To that end, his administration brought in expensive consultants (because, really what better safeguard against excess?) and developed an application process for homeowners needing rebuilding help <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/05/nyregion/after-hurricane-sandy-a-rebuilding-program-is-hindered-by-its-own-construction.html?mcubz=3">so onerous and overdetermined it was hardly viable.</a> Famously, more than a year after the hurricane had rendered its miseries, not one of the 20,000 applicants who had sought help had seen any work begin. Hundreds of millions of dollars in federal aid sat idle.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-2">Continue reading the main story</a>
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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="665" data-total-count="1599" id="story-continues-3">Last fall, to mark the storm’s fourth anniversary, Mayor Bill de Blasio's Office of Housing Recovery Operations <a href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/recovery/downloads/pdf/build-it-back-update-10-20-16-final.pdf">issued a report</a> stating that although the city had set the goal of completing work on single-family homes by the end of 2016 through its<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/nyregion/after-the-storm-20-months-in-limbo.html" title="Previous Times coverage"> Build It Back</a> program, challenges had emerged, among them a lack of available architects and contractors to handle the construction. So much development had already overtaken the city, much of it on the waterfront, however illogically in the age of climate uncertainty, that the talent was deployed elsewhere. We were building new vulnerable homes potentially to suffer the same fate as the ruins we were ignoring.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="512" data-total-count="2111">With Texas in mind, it is dispiriting to walk through parts of the Rockaways or low-lying coastal Brooklyn five years after the fact and see houses still boarded up, still getting repaired or only now getting elevated as a means of protection against future storms. On Brighton 4th Street in Brighton Beach for instance, a small white bungalow is just receiving the rehabilitation it needed, a basement apartment bare to its newly installed layers of insulation, as if the hurricane had happened on Memorial Day.</p><div id="story-ad-1" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="643" data-total-count="2754" id="story-continues-4">Some of the permanent occupants, 16 members of an extended Bangladeshi family whose patriarch, Mohammad Rahman, immigrated to the United States more than 30 years ago and works as a taxi driver, are living upstairs while the renovation is completed below. Others are living elsewhere as it goes on. After the hurricane, the family moved out for three months; the house had suffered extensive damage from eight feet of flooding. The roof, gutters, floors, ceilings, dry wall, boiler, foundation all needed repair. Mr. Rahman began the work himself with money from the Federal Emergency Management Agency but had to stop when that money ran out.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-5">Continue reading the main story</a>
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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="619" data-total-count="3373" id="story-continues-6">That the repairs are now getting finished at all is thanks only to the efforts of a nonprofit organization, <a href="http://sbpusa.org/">SBP</a>, founded 11 years ago by a young couple, Zack Rosenburg and Liz McCartney, who volunteered in Louisiana’s St. Bernard Parish after Katrina. Since then the organization has rebuilt homes for more than 1,200 families around the country who have suffered through natural disasters, relying heavily on AmeriCorps volunteers who would disappear if the budget proposed by President Trump were to be enacted. AmeriCorps operates under the Corporation for National and Community Service <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/us/politics/trump-budget-americorps-peace-corps-service.html?mcubz=0&amp;_r=0">which would be eliminated</a>.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-7">Continue reading the main story</a>
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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="703" data-total-count="4076" id="story-continues-8">In the New York field office that SBP still maintains in the Rockaways on Beach 88th Street is something called the “Wall of Waiting,” pictures of some of the 31 families whose homes are still in need of extensive work. There are currently 18 projects running across Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island, and the office continues to receive three to four calls a week for help, its executive director Thomas Corley told me. One of the AmeriCorps volunteers in the office, Tomika Copeland, said that in her own apartment complex in the Rockaways the boiler had been problematic since Hurricane Sandy, and power continued to go out occasionally. The complex had only recently received funds for repairs.</p><button class="button comments-button  theme-speech-bubble-large" data-skip-to-para-id="">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="694" data-total-count="4770">In its various projects, SBP has been especially effective in reducing the time it takes to build and rebuild houses. Mentored by Toyota, whose lean manufacturing systems have been studied and celebrated for decades, the organization managed to cut the number of construction days on a single house from about 120 to 63. In its office in the Rockaways it keeps an enormous progress and goals-setting chart that is similar to the kind Toyota maintains in its production plants around the world. “We don’t do this all for some affirmation that we are good people,’’ Mr. Corley said, ‘‘this is a business, a business in which waste and mismanagement roll up to more human suffering.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="700" data-total-count="5470">In New York, after Hurricane Sandy, one major problem was that the city continued with its recovery plan even as it clearly wasn’t succeeding. “There needs to be a culture of leadership to talk about what’s not working,’’ Mr. Rosenburg, who serves as the chief executive of SBP, advised. “At the outset of a disaster leaders have to set hard and fast recovery goals, which is easier now than ever because of satellites and big data,’’ he said. “But often a plan is written with a mind-set focused on compliance rather than outcome. If a contract says that 1,000 houses need to be done by February then there should be incentives to get that done and consequences if it doesn’t.”</p><footer class="story-footer story-content">
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