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<ul _ngcontent-c31="">
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		<div _ngcontent-c31="" class="fs-text-xs" innerhtml="<span class=&quot;tweet_quote&quot;> <a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;amp;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters<span></span></a></span>"><span class="tweet_quote"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters" target="_blank">Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters<span></span></a></span></div>
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		<div _ngcontent-c31="" class="fs-text-xs" innerhtml="<span class=&quot;tweet_quote&quot;> <a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;amp;text=Chemical%20storage%20and%20weather-related%20disasters%20are%20not%20restricted%20to%20the%20Gulf%20coast.&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf Coast.<span></span></a></span>"><span class="tweet_quote"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;text=Chemical%20storage%20and%20weather-related%20disasters%20are%20not%20restricted%20to%20the%20Gulf%20coast." target="_blank">Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf Coast.<span></span></a></span></div>
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<div _ngcontent-c20="" innerhtml="<div id=&quot;attachment_842628478&quot; class=&quot;wp-caption alignnone&quot;> 
 <div class=&quot;article-body-image&quot;> 
  <progressive-image class=&quot;progressive-placeholder&quot; src=&quot;https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F842628478%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale&quot; low-res-src=&quot;https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/100x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F842628478%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale&quot;></progressive-image> 
 </div> 
 <div article-image-caption=&quot;&quot;> 
  <div class=&quot;caption-container&quot; ng-class=&quot;caption_state&quot;> 
   <fbs-accordion current=&quot;0&quot;> 
    <p class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;>The Arkema plant received major damage from flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey on Sept. 4, 2017 in Crosby, Texas. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)</p> 
   </fbs-accordion> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
</div> 
<p>Hurricane Harvey, and especially the flooding along the Gulf Coast that accompanied the storm, offered a litmus test for the safety of the nation’s petrochemical and refining industry. With a few notable exceptions, the plants passed.</p> 
<p>Investments in plant and equipment safety appear to be paying off. Storage, transportation and other supply chain issues need similar attention. The substantial economic and environmental impact Harvey imposed on the industry is a stark illustration of that.</p> 
<p>The <a href=&quot;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/g17_technical_qa.htm#hurricaneharvey2017&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>Federal Reserve Bank</a> has noted that the hurricane and flooding affected about <a href=&quot;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/20170915/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>30% of refining and petrochemical production</a> in the U.S. That followed similar disruptions to petrochemical production from recent hurricanes and weather events, including hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008).</p> 
<p> 
 </p> 
<p>During Harvey, production facilities, including refineries and chemical plants, and the raw material supply chain – from tankers at ports, offshore and onshore production wells – were systematically shut down and process safety barriers implemented. No significant production mishaps were reported.</p> 
<p>Impressively, no significant safety-related issues were reported when many of these systems came back online, either.</p> 
<p>The soft underbelly of the chemical and petrochemical industry along the Gulf Coast turned out to be the storage of raw materials, intermediates and refined products, not the process of refining or chemical manufacturing or their startup or shutdown processes.</p> 
<div class=&quot;vestpocket&quot; vest-pocket=&quot;&quot;></div> 
<p class=&quot;tweet_line&quot;><span class=&quot;tweet_quote&quot;> <a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;amp;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters<span></span></a></span> , risking releases which can damage the environment and impact public safety.</p> 
<p>The most recent example happened when Harvey-related flooding swamped the Arkema Inc. facility in Crosby, Texas, about 30 miles from downtown Houston. That triggered the ignition of highly energetic organic peroxides when the plant’s emergency power system failed to maintain the refrigeration required to keep the chemicals stable.</p>"><div id="attachment_842628478" class="wp-caption alignnone"> 
 <div class="article-body-image"> 
  <progressive-image class="progressive-placeholder" src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F842628478%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale" low-res-src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/100x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F842628478%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale"></progressive-image> 
 </div> 
 <div article-image-caption=""> 
  <div class="caption-container" ng-class="caption_state"> 
   <fbs-accordion current="0"> 
    <p class="wp-caption-text">The Arkema plant received major damage from flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey on Sept. 4, 2017 in Crosby, Texas. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)</p> 
   </fbs-accordion> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
</div> 
<p class="speakable-paragraph">Hurricane Harvey, and especially the flooding along the Gulf Coast that accompanied the storm, offered a litmus test for the safety of the nation’s petrochemical and refining industry. With a few notable exceptions, the plants passed.</p> 
<p>Investments in plant and equipment safety appear to be paying off. Storage, transportation and other supply chain issues need similar attention. The substantial economic and environmental impact Harvey imposed on the industry is a stark illustration of that.</p> 
<p>The <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/g17_technical_qa.htm#hurricaneharvey2017" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Federal Reserve Bank</a> has noted that the hurricane and flooding affected about <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/20170915/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">30% of refining and petrochemical production</a> in the U.S. That followed similar disruptions to petrochemical production from recent hurricanes and weather events, including hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008).</p> 
<p> 
 </p> 
<p>During Harvey, production facilities, including refineries and chemical plants, and the raw material supply chain – from tankers at ports, offshore and onshore production wells – were systematically shut down and process safety barriers implemented. No significant production mishaps were reported.</p> 
<p>Impressively, no significant safety-related issues were reported when many of these systems came back online, either.</p> 
<p>The soft underbelly of the chemical and petrochemical industry along the Gulf Coast turned out to be the storage of raw materials, intermediates and refined products, not the process of refining or chemical manufacturing or their startup or shutdown processes.</p> 
<div class="vestpocket" vest-pocket=""></div> 
<p class="tweet_line"><span class="tweet_quote"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&amp;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters<span></span></a></span> , risking releases which can damage the environment and impact public safety.</p> 
<p>The most recent example happened when Harvey-related flooding swamped the Arkema Inc. facility in Crosby, Texas, about 30 miles from downtown Houston. That triggered the ignition of highly energetic organic peroxides when the plant’s emergency power system failed to maintain the refrigeration required to keep the chemicals stable.</p></div>
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	</app-root><script id="ng-templates-state" type="application/json">{&q;environmentName&q;:&q;prod&q;,&q;is_mobile&q;:false,&q;/forbesapi/content/uri.json?shortcodes=true&a;slides=true&a;type=ng&a;tickers=true&a;bvallpages=true&a;autovpslider=true&a;stream=true&a;compressimages=true&a;mobile=false&a;prgsmobileads=false&a;relativeVideo=true&a;videoplayertype=brightcove_perform_with_keyvalues&a;swimlane=&a;uri=http://www.forbes.com/sites/uhenergy/2017/09/26/rethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey/&q;:{&q;content&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;content_59ca805264aaf90dc3a69f89&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&q;,&q;source&q;:&q;blogs&q;,&q;author&q;:&q;University of Houston Energy Fellows&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Rethinking Chemical Storage: A Wake-Up Call From Harvey&q;,&q;date&q;:1506444480000,&q;body&q;:&q;&l;p&g;[caption id=\&q;attachment_842628478\&q; photocredit=\&q;\&q;  align=\&q;\&q; width=\&q;960\&q;]&l;img class=\&q;dam-image getty size-large wp-image-842628478\&q; src=\&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/842628478/960x0.jpg?fit=scale\&q; data-height=\&q;640\&q; data-width=\&q;960\&q;&g; The Arkema plant received major damage from flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey on Sept. 4, 2017 in Crosby, Texas. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)[/caption]\r\n\r\nHurricane Harvey, and especially the flooding along the Gulf Coast that accompanied the storm, offered a litmus test for the safety of the nation&a;rsquo;s petrochemical and refining industry. With a few notable exceptions, the plants passed.\r\n\r\nInvestments in plant and equipment safety appear to be paying off. Storage, transportation and other supply chain issues need similar attention. The substantial economic and environmental impact Harvey imposed on the industry is a stark illustration of that.\r\n\r\nThe &l;a href=\&q;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/g17_technical_qa.htm#hurricaneharvey2017\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;Federal Reserve Bank&l;/a&g; has noted that the hurricane and flooding affected about &l;a href=\&q;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/20170915/\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;30% of refining and petrochemical production&l;/a&g; in the U.S. That followed similar disruptions to petrochemical production from recent hurricanes and weather events, including hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008).\r\n\r\nDuring Harvey, production facilities, including refineries and chemical plants, and the raw material supply chain &a;ndash; from tankers at ports, offshore and onshore production wells &a;ndash; were systematically shut down and process safety barriers implemented. No significant production mishaps were reported.\r\n\r\nImpressively, no significant safety-related issues were reported when many of these systems came back online, either.\r\n\r\nThe soft underbelly of the chemical and petrochemical industry along the Gulf Coast turned out to be the storage of raw materials, intermediates and refined products, not the process of refining or chemical manufacturing or their startup or shutdown processes.\r\n&l;p class=\&q;tweet_line\&q;&g;[tweet_quote display=\&q;Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters\&q;]Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters[/tweet_quote] , risking releases which can damage the environment and impact public safety.\r\n\r\nThe most recent example happened when Harvey-related flooding swamped the Arkema Inc. facility in Crosby, Texas, about 30 miles from downtown Houston. That triggered the ignition of highly energetic organic peroxides when the plant&a;rsquo;s emergency power system failed to maintain the refrigeration required to keep the chemicals stable.\r\n&l;!--nextpage--&g;\r\nSimilarly, the gasoline tank leak by Magellan Midstream spilled nearly 11,000 barrels of gasoline, a fraction of which entered the Houston Ship Channel. During Katrina in 2005, more than 190,000 barrels of oil were spilled into the ground and waterways in what has been labeled the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.facingsouth.org/2015/08/the-katrina-oil-spill-disaster-a-harbinger-for-the.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;&a;ldquo;worst onshore oil spill disaster&a;rdquo;&l;/a&g; in the U.S.\r\n&l;p class=\&q;tweet_line\&q;&g;[tweet_quote display=\&q;Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf coast.\&q;]Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf Coast.[/tweet_quote] While hurricanes and flooding pose risks along the Gulf, facilities in the Midwest, for example, are vulnerable to earthquakes and tornadoes.\r\n\r\nThere is a clear and pressing need to address combinations of active and passive barriers to improve the safety of stored chemicals, from feedstock and intermediates to value-added products including gasoline and jet fuel.\r\n\r\nThat must include both technological innovation and new ways of thinking about the petrochemical infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico, including reconfiguring supply chain systems using modern chemical and digital methods to lower the risk from natural disasters to both the environment and to people. Such technologies and operational changes will have clear implications for storage of chemicals near large urban regions along the east and west coasts, as well as in the Midwest.\r\n\r\nSimilar technological and digital improvements, along with the push to raise operational standards, &a;nbsp;have led to demonstrable improvements in both the safety and environmental records of the exploration, production and manufacturing sectors of the energy industry.\r\n\r\nBut as the Arkema explosions and less dramatic accidents during and in the aftermath of Harvey demonstrated, there is more work to do.\r\n\r\nAs a first step in this process, it is critical to develop a prioritized list of storage and supply chain challenges that require both active and passive barriers to mitigate vulnerable inventories of hazardous petrochemicals, lowering the risk of similar accidents in the future.&a;nbsp; Industry, along with state and federal regulators working with academic experts, need to develop this list based on a realistic determination of risk, including well-considered worst case scenarios.\r\n\r\nTechnological and business practice solutions to lower the risk faced by both storage and the supply chain can then by applied by focusing on several specific possibilities:\r\n&l;/p&g;&l;ul&g;&l;li&g;Using innovations in digital data collection, data analytics and supply-chain optimization to lower the risk of storing hazardous petrochemicals.&l;/li&g;\r\n \t&l;li&g;Using process synthesis and intensification and micro process engineering tools to develop in-situ generation of high-toxicity and energetic chemicals to avoid storage of such specialized intermediate toxic chemicals.&l;/li&g;\r\n \t&l;li&g;Developing storage solutions that include numbering-up through modularization instead of volumetric scale-up of storage units.&l;/li&g;\r\n&l;/ul&g;\r\nWe must systematically develop and deploy technologies to ensure the integrity of the entire supply chain of petrochemical products, irrespective of geography and the specific threats faced. This will build the public&a;rsquo;s confidence that the industry&a;rsquo;s growth and continued operations are in the best interest of society.\r\n\r\n&l;hr&g;&l;strong&g;&l;span&g;Ramanan Krishnamoorti&l;/span&g;&l;/strong&g;&l;em&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;is the Chief Energy Officer at the University of Houston.&a;nbsp; He has served as interim VP/VC for Research and Technology Transfer at UH, Chair of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering department, Associate Dean of Research for Engineering, and continues to serve as a Professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering with affiliated appointments in petroleum engineering and chemistry.&l;/span&g;&l;/em&g;&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Most Gulf Coast refineries and petrochemical plants survived Hurricane Harvey with minimal damage. Several notable exceptions offer evidence that the industry needs to pay more attention to chemical storage, transportation and supply chain issues.&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/842628478/960x0.jpg?fit=scale&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;storyType&q;:&q;post&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/uhenergy/2017/09/26/rethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey/&q;,&q;comments&q;:[],&q;visible&q;:true,&q;authors&q;:[{&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/1900629&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;University of Houston Energy Fellows&q;,&q;avatars&q;:[{&q;size&q;:400,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2016/08/University-of-Houston-Energy-Fellows_avatar_1472064038-400x400.png&q;},{&q;size&q;:136,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2016/08/University-of-Houston-Energy-Fellows_avatar_1472064038-136x136.png&q;},{&q;size&q;:62,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2016/08/University-of-Houston-Energy-Fellows_avatar_1472064038-62x62.png&q;},{&q;size&q;:40,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2016/08/University-of-Houston-Energy-Fellows_avatar_1472064038-40x40.png&q;}],&q;url&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/uhenergy/&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Contributor&q;,&q;profileUrl&q;:&q;/sites/uhenergy/people/uhenergy/&q;,&q;twitterName&q;:&q;@uhoustonenergy&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;group&q;,&q;facebookName&q;:&q;uhenergy&q;,&q;email&q;:&q;uhoustonenergy@gmail.com&q;,&q;blog&q;:false,&q;timestamp&q;:1472064040617,&q;shortBio&q;:&q;We are thought leaders in energy from the University of Houston.&q;,&q;webSite&q;:&q;http://www.uh.edu/energy&q;,&q;blogName&q;:&q;University of Houston Energy Fellows&q;,&q;topics&q;:[&q;energy&q;,&q;social-impact&q;,&q;social-entrepreneurship&q;,&q;logistics-transportation&q;,&q;going-global&q;,&q;business&q;,&q;leadership&q;,&q;washington&q;],&q;description&q;:&q;We represent University of Houston students and faculty, appointed as UH Energy Fellows from across the energy-related colleges  to ensure the subject is covered from a wide array of viewpoints as we seek to engage the public, other thought leaders and policymakers in a national conversation about energy. The University offers expertise in a range of energy-related areas, including international natural resource law and development, research into the science, engineering, economics, logistics and policy surrounding hydraulic fracturing and unconventional resources, offshore drilling, alternative energy, sustainability and energy conservation. 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The University offers expertise in a range of energy-related areas, including international natural resource law and development, research into the science, engineering, economics, logistics and policy surrounding hydraulic fracturing and unconventional resources, offshore drilling, alternative energy, sustainability and energy conservation. 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The University offers expertise in a range of energy-related areas, including international natural resource law and development, research into the science, engineering, economics, logistics and policy surrounding hydraulic fracturing and unconventional resources, offshore drilling, alternative energy, sustainability and energy conservation. In addition, UH offers the nation’s first subsea engineering program, a minor in Energy and Sustainability and is a research powerhouse with two energy related federally funded national research centers - one researching high-temperature superconductivity and electric energy storage and one concerned with the sustainable and safe development of energy resources in the Gulf of Mexico.&q;,&q;allowEmail&q;:false},&q;shortUri&q;:&q;http://onforb.es/1Mqh4XV&q;,&q;displayChannel&q;:&q;business&q;,&q;displaySection&q;:&q;energy&q;,&q;contributorSince&q;:1447976760000,&q;slug&q;:&q;uhenergy&q;,&q;showNoVestPocket&q;:false,&q;embargo&q;:false,&q;primaryChannelId&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;primarySectionId&q;:&q;section_2&q;,&q;enableContribContact&q;:false,&q;enableTwitterFeed&q;:false,&q;disableCanonical&q;:false,&q;disableDigest&q;:false,&q;inactive&q;:false,&q;primaryChannel&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Business&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_2&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Energy&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/energy&q;,&q;shortName&q;:&q;Energy&q;},&q;allowEmail&q;:false,&q;avatar_map&q;:{}}],&q;channelSection&q;:[{&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_1&q;},{&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_2&q;}],&q;slug&q;:&q;University of Houston Energy Fellows&q;,&q;blogType&q;:&q;group&q;,&q;sitePage&q;:&q;forbes.com/business/blogs/uhenergy/index.html&q;,&q;displayChannel&q;:&q;business&q;,&q;displaySection&q;:&q;energy&q;,&q;vestPocketList&q;:[{&q;type&q;:&q;slide&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mlj45jggj/1-detroit/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;http://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/026M72T8ElbzS/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;The 10 Most Dangerous U.S. Cities&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndSlideId/blog/slide/986-6336&q;,&q;count&q;:33835,&q;reason&q;:&q;MP-G&q;},{&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizryan/2018/02/18/ten-things-your-boss-does-not-need-to-know-about-you/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/dam/imageserve/169824548/960x0.jpg?fit=scale&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Ten Things Your Boss Does Not Need To Know About You&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/2989-32977&q;,&q;count&q;:0,&q;reason&q;:&q;LI&q;}],&q;generatedId&q;:&q;hdlm45efil&q;,&q;manualDescription&q;:&q;Most Gulf Coast refineries and petrochemical plants survived Hurricane Harvey with minimal damage. 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refinery&q;,&q; supply chain&q;,&q; arkema&q;,&q; gulf coast&q;,&q; gasoline&q;],&q;writtenByForbesStaff&q;:false,&q;templateType&q;:&q;standard&q;,&q;enableSigfile&q;:true,&q;guestContributor&q;:{&q;name&q;:&q;Ramanan Krishnamoorti, Chief Energy Officer, University of Houston&q;,&q;intro&q;:&q;Post written by&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2017/09/rk-forbes-portrait.jpg&q;,&q;imageType&q;:&q;square&q;,&q;position&q;:&q;top&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;post&q;},&q;tweetQuotes&q;:[&q;&l;span class=\&q;tweet_quote\&q;&g; &l;a href=https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&a;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters target=\&q;_blank\&q; data-track=\&q;article-tweet-quote\&q;&g;Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;/span&g;&q;,&q;&l;span class=\&q;tweet_quote\&q;&g; &l;a href=https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&a;text=Chemical%20storage%20and%20weather-related%20disasters%20are%20not%20restricted%20to%20the%20Gulf%20coast. target=\&q;_blank\&q; data-track=\&q;article-tweet-quote\&q;&g;Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf Coast.&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;/span&g;&q;],&q;primaryChannel&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Business&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_2&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Energy&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/energy&q;,&q;shortName&q;:&q;Energy&q;},&q;pages&q;:[&q;&l;div id=\&q;attachment_842628478\&q; class=\&q;wp-caption alignnone\&q;&g; \n &l;div class=\&q;article-body-image\&q;&g; \n  &l;img class=\&q;dam-image getty size-large wp-image-842628478\&q; src=\&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/842628478/960x0.jpg?fit=scale\&q; data-height=\&q;640\&q; data-width=\&q;960\&q; /&g; \n &l;/div&g; \n &l;div article-image-caption=\&q;\&q;&g; \n  &l;div class=\&q;caption-container\&q; ng-class=\&q;caption_state\&q;&g; \n   &l;fbs-accordion current=\&q;0\&q;&g; \n    &l;p class=\&q;wp-caption-text\&q;&g;The Arkema plant received major damage from flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey on Sept. 4, 2017 in Crosby, Texas. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)&l;/p&g; \n   &l;/fbs-accordion&g; \n  &l;/div&g; \n &l;/div&g; \n&l;/div&g; \n&l;p&g;Hurricane Harvey, and especially the flooding along the Gulf Coast that accompanied the storm, offered a litmus test for the safety of the nation’s petrochemical and refining industry. With a few notable exceptions, the plants passed.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Investments in plant and equipment safety appear to be paying off. Storage, transportation and other supply chain issues need similar attention. The substantial economic and environmental impact Harvey imposed on the industry is a stark illustration of that.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The &l;a href=\&q;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/g17_technical_qa.htm#hurricaneharvey2017\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Federal Reserve Bank&l;/a&g; has noted that the hurricane and flooding affected about &l;a href=\&q;https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/20170915/\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;30% of refining and petrochemical production&l;/a&g; in the U.S. That followed similar disruptions to petrochemical production from recent hurricanes and weather events, including hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Ike (2008).&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g; \n &l;fbs-ad position=\&q;inread\&q; progressive=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/fbs-ad&g;&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;During Harvey, production facilities, including refineries and chemical plants, and the raw material supply chain – from tankers at ports, offshore and onshore production wells – were systematically shut down and process safety barriers implemented. No significant production mishaps were reported.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Impressively, no significant safety-related issues were reported when many of these systems came back online, either.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The soft underbelly of the chemical and petrochemical industry along the Gulf Coast turned out to be the storage of raw materials, intermediates and refined products, not the process of refining or chemical manufacturing or their startup or shutdown processes.&l;/p&g; \n&l;div class=\&q;vestpocket\&q; vest-pocket=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/div&g; \n&l;p class=\&q;tweet_line\&q;&g;&l;span class=\&q;tweet_quote\&q;&g; &l;a href=\&q;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&a;amp;text=Petrochemical%20storage%20facilities%20continue%20to%20be%20vulnerable%20during%20natural%20disasters\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Petrochemical storage facilities continue to be vulnerable during natural disasters&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;/span&g; , risking releases which can damage the environment and impact public safety.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The most recent example happened when Harvey-related flooding swamped the Arkema Inc. facility in Crosby, Texas, about 30 miles from downtown Houston. That triggered the ignition of highly energetic organic peroxides when the plant’s emergency power system failed to maintain the refrigeration required to keep the chemicals stable.&l;/p&g;&q;,&q;&l;p&g;Similarly, the gasoline tank leak by Magellan Midstream spilled nearly 11,000 barrels of gasoline, a fraction of which entered the Houston Ship Channel. During Katrina in 2005, more than 190,000 barrels of oil were spilled into the ground and waterways in what has been labeled the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.facingsouth.org/2015/08/the-katrina-oil-spill-disaster-a-harbinger-for-the.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;“worst onshore oil spill disaster”&l;/a&g; in the U.S.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p class=\&q;tweet_line\&q;&g;&l;span class=\&q;tweet_quote\&q;&g; &l;a href=\&q;https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fuhenergy%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Frethinking-chemical-storage-a-wake-up-call-from-harvey%2F&a;amp;text=Chemical%20storage%20and%20weather-related%20disasters%20are%20not%20restricted%20to%20the%20Gulf%20coast.\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Chemical storage and weather-related disasters are not restricted to the Gulf Coast.&l;span&g;&l;/span&g;&l;/a&g;&l;/span&g; While hurricanes and flooding pose risks along the Gulf, facilities in the Midwest, for example, are vulnerable to earthquakes and tornadoes.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;There is a clear and pressing need to address combinations of active and passive barriers to improve the safety of stored chemicals, from feedstock and intermediates to value-added products including gasoline and jet fuel.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;That must include both technological innovation and new ways of thinking about the petrochemical infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico, including reconfiguring supply chain systems using modern chemical and digital methods to lower the risk from natural disasters to both the environment and to people. Such technologies and operational changes will have clear implications for storage of chemicals near large urban regions along the east and west coasts, as well as in the Midwest.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g; \n &l;fbs-ad position=\&q;inread\&q; progressive=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/fbs-ad&g;&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Similar technological and digital improvements, along with the push to raise operational standards, &a;nbsp;have led to demonstrable improvements in both the safety and environmental records of the exploration, production and manufacturing sectors of the energy industry.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;But as the Arkema explosions and less dramatic accidents during and in the aftermath of Harvey demonstrated, there is more work to do.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;As a first step in this process, it is critical to develop a prioritized list of storage and supply chain challenges that require both active and passive barriers to mitigate vulnerable inventories of hazardous petrochemicals, lowering the risk of similar accidents in the future.&a;nbsp; Industry, along with state and federal regulators working with academic experts, need to develop this list based on a realistic determination of risk, including well-considered worst case scenarios.&l;/p&g; \n&l;div class=\&q;vestpocket\&q; vest-pocket=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/div&g; \n&l;p&g;Technological and business practice solutions to lower the risk faced by both storage and the supply chain can then by applied by focusing on several specific possibilities:&l;/p&g; \n&l;ul&g; \n &l;li&g;Using innovations in digital data collection, data analytics and supply-chain optimization to lower the risk of storing hazardous petrochemicals.&l;/li&g; \n &l;li&g;Using process synthesis and intensification and micro process engineering tools to develop in-situ generation of high-toxicity and energetic chemicals to avoid storage of such specialized intermediate toxic chemicals.&l;/li&g; \n &l;li&g;Developing storage solutions that include numbering-up through modularization instead of volumetric scale-up of storage units.&l;/li&g; \n&l;/ul&g; \n&l;p&g;We must systematically develop and deploy technologies to ensure the integrity of the entire supply chain of petrochemical products, irrespective of geography and the specific threats faced. This will build the public’s confidence that the industry’s growth and continued operations are in the best interest of society.&l;/p&g; \n&l;hr /&g; \n&l;strong&g;&l;span&g;Ramanan Krishnamoorti&l;/span&g;&l;/strong&g; \n&l;em&g;&l;span&g;&a;nbsp;is the Chief Energy Officer at the University of Houston.&a;nbsp; He has served as interim VP/VC for Research and Technology Transfer at UH, Chair of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering department, Associate Dean of Research for Engineering, and continues to serve as a Professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering with affiliated appointments in petroleum engineering and chemistry.&l;/span&g;&l;/em&g; \n&l;p&g;&l;/p&g;&q;],&q;channelSectionMappings&q;:[{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_1&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Business&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/business&q;},{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_1section_2&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Business&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Energy&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/energy&q;}],&q;blogId&q;:&q;4089&q;,&q;disableDigest&q;:false,&q;pTagCount&q;:16,&q;hashtags&q;:[&q;PowerUp&q;],&q;hideDescription&q;:false,&q;sponsored&q;:false,&q;doNotPaginate&q;:false,&q;editorsPick&q;:false,&q;sentimentScore&q;:-0.165114,&q;numberOfImages&q;:1,&q;relativeVideo&q;:{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5174396200001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Tesla, Panasonic Envision Solar Partnership At SolarCity&s;s New York Panel Factory&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},&q;relativeVideos&q;:[{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5226759881001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Tesla Powered An Entire Island With Solar Energy&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5165887946001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Ken Bone&s;s Question Reveals Which Candidate Understands Energy Independence&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5177070293001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;China, Philippines Reportedly Set To Agree To Joint Oil Exploration In South China Sea&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5192429928001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Powersource Panel: Future Of The Oilsands&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5165568991001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Putin Says Russia To Join OPEC Production Cut&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5177346169001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Saudi Oil Boss Pushes Cuts And Warns Of Shortfalls; Exxon&s;s Tillerson Disagrees&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=energy&a;fl=&a;channel=business&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=business:energy&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1258&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=business&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5194086494001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Lesson From The Colonial Outage: Let The Koch Bros. 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