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        <title>Scientists &#039;able to CONTROL the weather using LASERS&#039; | Science | News | Express.co.uk</title>
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                        <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","headline":"Scientists 'able to CONTROL the weather using LASERS'","name":"Scientists 'able to CONTROL the weather using LASERS'","thumbnailUrl":"https://images.spot.im/v1/production/egr08th64xhsa4xl1yei","description":"SCIENTISTS have discovered a bizarre way to potentially control the weather using laser beams and could potentially beat the threat of droughts, it has been revealed.","url":"http://www.express.co.uk/news/science/859871/weather-forecast-lasers-rain-storm-cloud-california","image":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://images.spot.im/v1/production/egr08th64xhsa4xl1yei","width":"750","height":"445"},"commentCount":33,"comment":[{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"Mm84"},"downvoteCount":4,"upvoteCount":33,"text":"Same technology can be used to create super storms like what the US has just been hit by."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"TJB001"},"downvoteCount":2,"upvoteCount":12,"text":"There is only a certain amount of water in the atmosphere. If you force rain to fall in one place, you will create drought in another."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"SamDennis"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":7,"text":"Screwing with Mother Nature is a big mistake.  Natural rain storms redistribute fresh water throughout the world. The only way to change California&#39;s climate is through natural climate change....until then build more salt-water conversion facilities along the Coast."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"Professorofwhat"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":4,"text":"The mother of unintended consequences.  We cannot and should not attempt to control forces much larger than us and which we know little about.  Look up Butterfly Effect."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"SCozad"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":4,"text":"HAARP byproduct anyone????"},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"LewisGoudy"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":2,"text":"&quot;Scientists have discovered&quot;\n&quot;Three and a half years ago scientists discovered&quot;\nThere, fixed that for you."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"OrganizedStalking"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"Advance military technology like this can even be used on people to torture them. For more information web search &quot;NSA whistleblower Karen Stewart&quot; and see what happened to her."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-29","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"kerryw"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"Let&#39;s not mess with nature, we will come off worse and they don&#39;t know what effects it will have on the future."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-29","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"ScienceABC123"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"&quot;Fire trillion Watt lasers into the sky.&quot; And of course they promise not to hit any: birds, planes, weather balloons, satellites or the international space station. This is lunacy."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"John_Campbell"},"downvoteCount":1,"upvoteCount":2,"text":"DELETED"},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-29","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"JasonSC"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"Add in some radio and sound frequencies and you&#39;ve just cracked some ancient secrets."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"CraigThomas"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"If we can&#39;t reliably predict next week&#39;s weather, who the heck knows what this might do?\n\nIt&#39;s a really bad idea."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"AllenLord"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":0,"text":"&quot;Works in the lab...&quot; That&#39;s a classical theorist talking there, not an engineer."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"TedCrunch"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":0,"text":"I hope they find a way to destroy tropical depressions in their infancy before they turn into hurricanes."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"snopesisfake"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":0,"text":"Silly junk science right now. The guy in video is full of it.   This has been around the tin foil hat community for a while.  This is theoretical fantasy at this point.  Though you will get arguments from them on here.   As for cloud seeding/geo-engineering this has been done for a while."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-29","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"tonyba1"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":0,"text":"mis information...google HAARP."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"JustCommonSense"},"downvoteCount":1,"upvoteCount":1,"text":"Hints of this possibility have been around since at least World War One when large sea battles were known to precipitate huge thunderstorms."},{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Comment","datePublished":"2017-09-28","author":{"@context":"http://schema.org/","@type":"Person","name":"INDESCRETEBOB"},"downvoteCount":0,"upvoteCount":0,"text":"Our Nat should get one....then he&#39;ll always be right !!"}]}</script>                                        <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Express.co.uk Science RSS Feed" href="https://www.express.co.uk/posts/rss/151/">
        
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        <h1 itemprop="headline">Scientists 'able to CONTROL the weather using LASERS'</h1>

        
                <h3>SCIENTISTS have discovered a bizarre way to potentially control the weather using laser beams and could potentially beat the threat of droughts, it has been revealed.</h3>
        
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                                        <a href="/search?s=Sean%20Martin&b=1"><span itemprop="author">Sean Martin</span></a>
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                                                <span class="hide-on-tablet">PUBLISHED: </span>
                        <span>12:52, Thu, Sep 28, 2017</span>
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                        | UPDATED: <span>14:43, Thu, Sep 28, 2017</span>
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<!-- End of Brightcove iframe Player --></section></div><section class="text-description"><p>A six year drought in California was finally declared over this year but the threat for the south-western state as well as other locations in the world remains the same.</p><p>But scientists may now be able to induce rain and lightning storms using high energy lasers in a breakthrough that could potentially eradicate droughts throughout the globe.</p><p>The possibility of condensation, lightning and storms are ever present in the clouds and are containED through high amounts of static electricity.***</p><p>Experts from the University of Central Florida and the University of Arizona believe that by firing a series of laser beams, they can activate the static electricity and induce rain and storms.</p></section><!-- MAINIMAGE --><section class="photo changeSpace"><p class="withoutCaption"><img src="https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/151/590x/laser-cloud-859871.jpg" alt="laser cloud" data-w="590" data-h="350" ><meta itemprop="image" content="https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/151/590x/laser-cloud-859871.jpg"><span class="photo-caption nointellitxt ctx_blocked defaultLeft">GETTY</span></p><span class="newsCaption">Scientists 'able to CONTROL the weather using LASERS'</span></section><!-- ENDMAINIMAGE --><section class="box two-related-articles clear">
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</section><section class="text-description"><p>One beam would be fired, and this beam would be surrounded by another beam which acts as an energy reservoir &ndash; which will allow the laser to be sustained for longer and prevent dissipation.</p><p>Laser beams can travel vast distances, but &ldquo;when a laser beam becomes intense enough, it behaves differently than usual &ndash; it collapses inward on itself,&rdquo; said Matthew Mills, a graduate student in the Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL).&nbsp;</p><p>He said: &ldquo;The collapse becomes so intense that electrons in the air&rsquo;s oxygen and nitrogen are ripped off creating plasma &ndash; basically a soup of electrons.&rdquo;</p></section><section class="photo changeSpace"><p class="withoutCaption"><img src="https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/151/590x/secondary/laser-1079486.jpg" alt="laser" title="laser" data-w="590" data-h="235" /><span class="photo-caption defaultLeft">GETTY</span></p><span class="newsCaption">The laser can activate the static electricity</span></section><section class="text-description"><p>When it reaches that point, the laser tries to spread the beam out and eventually collapses in on itself.</p><p>This struggle is known as &ldquo;filamentation&rdquo; and creates a &ldquo;light string&rdquo; that only lasts for a short time before it disperses.</p><p>Mr Mills said: &ldquo;Because a filament creates excited electrons in its wake as it moves, it artificially seeds the conditions necessary for rain and lightning to occur.</p></section><section class="photo changeSpace"><p class="withoutCaption"><img src="https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/151/590x/secondary/drought-1079487.jpg" alt="drought" title="drought" data-w="590" data-h="379" /><span class="photo-caption defaultLeft">GETTY</span></p><span class="newsCaption">The revelation could solve droughts</span></section><div class="p402_hide htmlappend"><section class="text-description"><!-- Start of Brightcove iframe Player -->
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<!-- End of Brightcove iframe Player --></section></div><section class="text-description"><p>&ldquo;What would be nice is to have a sneaky way which allows us to produce an arbitrary long &lsquo;filament extension cable.&rsquo;&nbsp;</p><p>&ldquo;It turns out that if you wrap a large, low intensity, doughnut-like &lsquo;dress&rsquo; beam around the filament and slowly move it inward, you can provide this arbitrary extension.</p></section><section class="p402_hide external-gallery v2-cta nointellitxt ctx_blocked"
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<section class="text-description"><p>&ldquo;Since we have control over the length of a filament with our method, one could seed the conditions needed for a rainstorm from afar.&nbsp;</p><p>&ldquo;Ultimately, you could artificially control the rain and lightning over a large expanse with such ideas.&rdquo;</p></section><section class="box related-articles clear">
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    // no vendor prefix needed
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}

BrightcovePluginFunctions.browserPrefix = BrightcovePluginFunctions.getBrowserPrefix();
BrightcovePluginFunctions.hiddenPropertyName = BrightcovePluginFunctions.getHiddenPropertyName(BrightcovePluginFunctions.browserPrefix);
BrightcovePluginFunctions.visibilityEventName = BrightcovePluginFunctions.getVisibilityEvent(BrightcovePluginFunctions.browserPrefix);

BrightcovePluginFunctions.onVisible = function() {
    // prevent double execution
    if(BrightcovePluginFunctions.isVisible) {
        return;
    }
    if (BrightcovePluginFunctions.hasPlayed) {
        $('.htmlappend').each(function(){
            possibleiframe = $(this).find('iframe');
            if (possibleiframe.attr('src').search('brightcove')){
                win = possibleiframe.get(0).contentWindow;
                win.postMessage("restartAfterHidden","https://players.brightcove.net");
            }
        });
    } 
    // change flag value
    BrightcovePluginFunctions.isVisible = true;
}


BrightcovePluginFunctions.onHidden = function() {
    // prevent double execution
    if(!BrightcovePluginFunctions.isVisible) {
        return;
    }
    
    $('.htmlappend').each(function(){
        possibleiframe = $(this).find('iframe');
        if (possibleiframe.attr('src').search('brightcove')){
            win = possibleiframe.get(0).contentWindow;
            win.postMessage("pauseWhenHidden","https://players.brightcove.net");
        }
    });
    
    // change flag value
    BrightcovePluginFunctions.isVisible = false;
}


BrightcovePluginFunctions.handleVisibilityChange = function(forcedFlag) {
  // forcedFlag is a boolean when this event handler is triggered by a
  // focus or blur eventotherwise it's an Event object
  if(typeof forcedFlag == "boolean") {
    if(forcedFlag) {
      return BrightcovePluginFunctions.onVisible();
    }
    return BrightcovePluginFunctions.onHidden();
  }

  if(document[BrightcovePluginFunctions.hiddenPropertyName]) {
    return BrightcovePluginFunctions.onHidden();
  }

  return BrightcovePluginFunctions.onVisible();
}

$(window).on('load', function(){
    //BrightcovePluginFunctions.checkForBrightcoveVideo();
    //alert($('#vjs_video_3 .vjs-control-bar button.vjs-fullscreen-control').html());
    //$('<button class="vjs-facebook vjs-control vjs-button " type="button" aria-live="polite"><span class="vjs-control-text">Facebook</span></button><button class="vjs-twitter vjs-control vjs-button " type="button" aria-live="polite"><span class="vjs-control-text">Twitter</span></button><button class="vjs-share2 vjs-control vjs-button " type="button" aria-live="polite"><span class="vjs-control-text">Share</span></button>').insertAfter('#vjs_video_3 .vjs-control-bar button.vjs-fullscreen-control');
});

</script>


<script type="text/x-tmpl" id="tmpl-relatedvideo-slideshow">
    <div class="GallerySlideshow">
        <div class="Navigation">
            <a class="Button string close" data-button="close">Close</a>
        </div>
        <div class="Photo preloader v2">
            {%#o.videoContent%}
        </div>
        <div class="Description">
        </div>
    </div>
</script>
<script>
    var headerbgcolor = '#f4f4f4';
    var InskinControls = {
        InskinControl : {
            BurgerFunction : {},
            inskin_delay : 4500,
            timeSinceWindowLoad : 0,
            actualTimeSinceWindowLoad : 0,
            shouldDelayScroll : true,
            userHasScrolled : false,
            advertDelayCounter : null,
            CssFunction : null,
            SecondayCssFunction : null,
            advertType : null,
            divId : null,
            SecondaryDivId : null,
            backgroundJob : null,
            originalBackground : null,
            hasInskinJoinedUs : false,
            hasPutBack : false,
            hasTemplateAndSuperbanner : 0,
            inskinTop : 0,
            startTime : 0,
            deltaTime : 0,
            deltaDiff : 0,
            adslotChanges : 0,
            DelayScroll : function (divId, type) {
console.log('delayscroll');
             ExpressApp.InskinControl.inskinTop =  0;
             if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.shouldDelayScroll == true) {
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.advertType = type;
                    if (!ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId) {
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId = divId;
                    } else {
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondaryDivId = divId;
                    }
                    switch (type) {
                        case 'superbanner':
                            console.log('superbanner');
                            $(window).resize(function(){
                                ExpressApp.InskinControl.Resize();
                            });
                            document.addEventListener('megabanner', function (e) {
                                if($('#' + ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId + ' > div > iframe').length !== 0) {
                                  $('#' + ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId + ' > div > iframe').contents().bind('DOMSubtreeModified', function(el) {
                                    if (el.target.innerHTML.length > 0) {
                                        $iframe = $('#' + ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId + ' > div > iframe');
                                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.adslotChanges++;
                                        if((($iframe.width() === 970 && $iframe.height() === 250) ||
                                            $iframe.width() === 728 && $iframe.height() === 90) && this.actualTimeSinceWindowLoad < 4500) {
                                               console.log('iframe contents have changed');
                                               ExpressApp.InskinControl.StartTheClock();
                                               ExpressApp.InskinControl.shouldDelayScroll = true;
                                               ExpressApp.InskinControl.RefreshTheClock();
                                        }
                                    }
                                  });
                                }
                            }, false);
                            var megaevent = document.createEvent('Event');
                            megaevent.initEvent('megabanner', true, true);
                            document.dispatchEvent(megaevent);

                            $('body').css({backgroundColor: '#f4f4f4'});
                            $('#maincontainer').css({paddingTop: '3px'});
                            $('#maincontainer header').css({borderTop: 'none'});
                            $('.superbanner').css({marginBottom: '0'});
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.Resize();
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner++;
                            console.log('superbanner');
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.addShadow();
                            if (!ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasInskinJoinedUs) {
                                ExpressApp.InskinControl.DoTheSticky();
                            }
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasInskinJoinedUs = true;
                            console.log(ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            },
            DoTheSticky : function(){
                console.log('dothesticky');
                if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.shouldDelayScroll == true ) {
                    console.log('doing sticky at ' + this.actualTimeSinceWindowLoad);
                    var tmpfunc = setInterval(function(){
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.checkForTwoAdverts('superbanner');
                        if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner > 1) {
                        }
                        if ($(window).scrollTop() > ExpressApp.InskinControl.inskinTop) {
                           if (!ExpressApp.InskinControl.userHasScrolled) {
                                ExpressApp.InskinControl.startTime =  Date.now();
                           }
                           ExpressApp.InskinControl.userHasScrolled = true;
                           var thediv = ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId;

                           bannerContainerWidth = $('.container').width() + 40;
                           if ($(window).width() < 980) bannerContainerWidth = $('.container').width() + 18;
                           leftpos = (($(window).width() - Math.max($('#' + thediv + ' div iframe').width(), bannerContainerWidth))/2);
                           heightval = $('#' + thediv).height() + 20;
                           $('.superbanner').css({marginBottom: '0'});
                           $('#' + thediv).css({minWidth: bannerContainerWidth + 'px', left: leftpos +'px', top:0, position: 'fixed', zIndex: 9998500, marginBottom: 0, padding: '10px 0', background: '#f4f4f4'}).parent().css({height : heightval + 1});
                           
                                                          if ($.fn.stickyPlayer) {
                                   // send message to the sticky player to set height as heightval + 20;
                                   window.ns_video_player_topPosition = heightval + 20;
                               }
                                                      
                                                   }
                    }, 100);
                    if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner > 1) {
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondayCssFunction = tmpfunc;
                        $('#superbanner').css({marginTop: '10px', position: 'relative',zIndex:6000 });
                        $('.bodywrapper').css({marginTop:  '-' + ($('#superbanner').first('iframe').height() + 10) + 'px'});
                    } else {
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.removeShadow();
                        ExpressApp.InskinControl.CssFunction = tmpfunc;
                    }
                }
            },
            Resize : function (){
                console.log('resize');
                bannerContainerWidth = $('.container').width() + 40;
                if ($(window).width() < 980) bannerContainerWidth = $('.container').width() + 18;
                $('#' + ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId).css('width', 'auto').css('cssText', $('#' + ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId).attr('style')  + '; margin-bottom:0;  border-bottom:1px solid #d4d4d4; width: ' + bannerContainerWidth + 'px !important;');
                            },
            SplitTheBackground : function(){
            },
            addShadow : function(){
                //$('.headerShell').addClass('shadow');
                //$('#maincontainer').addClass('shadow');
            },
            removeShadow : function(){
                //$('.headerShell').removeClass('shadow');
                //$('#maincontainer').removeClass('shadow');
            },
            checkForTwoAdverts : function(whichTemplate){
                if ($('#div-gpt-ad-143705970483-1 div iframe').width() == 0 || !$('#superbanner').is(':visible')) {
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner = 1;
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.removeShadow();
                }
            },
            SetTheBackground : function(){
            },
            StartTheClock : function(){
                    console.log('StartTheClock');
                if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.timeSinceWindowLoad === 0) {
                    console.log('timeSinceWindowLoad is 0');
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.startTime =  Date.now();
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.advertDelayCounter = setInterval(function(){
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.UpdateSeconds();
                        }, 100);
                }
            },
            RefreshTheClock : function(){
                console.log('RefreshTheClock');
                this.timeSinceWindowLoad = 1;
            },
            UpdateSeconds : function(){
                if (!ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasInskinJoinedUs) {

                }
                if ($(window).scrollTop() > ExpressApp.InskinControl.inskinTop) {
                    deltaTime = Date.now() - ExpressApp.InskinControl.startTime;
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.deltaDiff = deltaTime - ExpressApp.InskinControl.deltaTime;
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.deltaTime = deltaTime;
                	this.timeSinceWindowLoad += ExpressApp.InskinControl.deltaDiff;
                	this.actualTimeSinceWindowLoad += ExpressApp.InskinControl.deltaDiff;
                }
                if (this.timeSinceWindowLoad > ExpressApp.InskinControl.inskin_delay && ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasInskinJoinedUs == true) {
                    ExpressApp.InskinControl.PutAdvertBack();
                }
            },
            PutAdvertBack : function (){
                window.clearInterval(ExpressApp.InskinControl.CssFunction);
                window.clearTimeout(ExpressApp.InskinControl.backgroundJob);
                if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasTemplateAndSuperbanner > 1 || ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondayCssFunction) {
                    window.clearInterval(ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondayCssFunction);
                }
                ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondayCssFunction = null;
                ExpressApp.InskinControl.shouldDelayScroll = false;
                window.clearInterval(ExpressApp.InskinControl.advertDelayCounter);
                switch (ExpressApp.InskinControl.advertType) {
                    case 'superbanner':
                        if (ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasPutBack == false) {
                            ExpressApp.InskinControl.hasPutBack = true;
                            console.log('putting super banner back at ' + this.timeSinceWindowLoad + 'ms');
                            var thediv = ExpressApp.InskinControl.divId;
                            maxanimation = -1 * $('#' + thediv).height();
                            if (($(window).scrollTop() - $('#superbanner').offset().top) < $('#' + thediv).height()) maxanimation = -1 * ($(window).scrollTop() - $('#superbanner').offset().top);
                            $('#' + thediv).animate({top : maxanimation + 'px'}, 1000, function(){
                               
                                                                   // send message to the sticky player to set height as 0
                                    if ($.fn.stickyPlayer) {
                                        window.ns_video_player_topPosition = 0;
                                    }
                               
                               $('#' + thediv).css({zIndex: 500, position: 'static', padding: '10px 0', background: 'transparent', width: 'auto !important', minWidth: '1px'});
                            });
                                                    }
                    break;
                }
                ExpressApp.InskinControl.shouldDelayScroll = false;
                ExpressApp.InskinControl.SecondaryDivId = null;
            }
        }
    };

    $.extend(ExpressApp, InskinControls);
    $(window).load(function(){
        ExpressApp.InskinControl.StartTheClock();
    });
    $(function(){
        setTimeout(function(){
            ExpressApp.InskinControl.StartTheClock();
        }, 2000);
    });
</script>
<script>
// <![CDATA[
$.extend(ExpressApp.Weather, {
    weatherForecastUrl: '/news/weather',
    weatherForecastThumb: 'https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/weather/png/{ICO_SIZE}/head2_icon_{SKY_CODE}.png',
    GetWeatherData: function() {
        var $object = $(ExpressApp.Weather.weatherWidgetTrigger);
        var cookieLocationCode = $.cookie('metOfficeLocationId');

        $.ajax({
            url: '/weather/get/'+(cookieLocationCode ? cookieLocationCode : '352409'),
            success: function(data) {
                if (data) {
                    ExpressApp.Weather.FillInWeatherWidget(data);
                }
            },
            beforeSend: function() {
                ExpressApp.Preload.Start($object, {left:'auto', right:297});
            },
            complete: function() {
                ExpressApp.Preload.Stop($object);
                $object.find('a').addClass('in');
            }
        });
    },
    FillInWeatherWidget: function(data){
        var $object = $(ExpressApp.Weather.weatherWidgetTrigger);

        $object.find('.weather-info').attr('href', ExpressApp.Weather.weatherForecastUrl.replace('{LOCATION_ID}', data.weatherlocation_id).replace('{LOCATION_TITLE}', $.cookie('metOfficeLocationName')));
        $object.find('a').attr('style', 'padding: 2px 32px 0 35px;background-size: contain;background-image:url("'+ExpressApp.Weather.weatherForecastThumb.replace('{ICO_SIZE}', '52x52').replace('{SKY_CODE}', parseInt(data.weather_type).padLeft(2,'0'))+'")');
        $object.find('.jq-centigrade').text(data.temperature);
        $object.find('.jq-town').text($.cookie('metOfficeLocationName'));
    }
});
$(window).load(function(){
    if ($.cookie('metOfficeLocationId') && $.cookie('metOfficeLocationId') != 352409 && $.cookie('metOfficeLocationId') != 350929) {
        ExpressApp.Weather.GetWeather();
    }
});
// ]]>
</script>
<script>
    $('#supportticket').on('click', function(e){
        e.preventDefault();
        var st_date = new Date();
        st_date.setTime(st_date.getTime() + (5 * 60 * 1000));
        $.cookie('st_backto', window.location.href, {expires: st_date, path: '/'}); // ca 30 minutes

        window.location.href = $(this).attr('href');
    });
</script>

        <script>
            ExpressApp.Config.webrootImg = 'https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/';
            ExpressApp.Config.webrootImgDynamic = 'https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/';
                        ExpressApp.Config.inProduction = true;
            
                        ExpressApp.Config.amazonAds = true;
            
            if (typeof(addToHomescreen) != 'undefined') {
                                addToHomescreen({
                    autostart: false
                });
                            }


                            var storeGigyaComment = function () {
                    var sl_date = new Date();
                    sl_date.setTime(sl_date.getTime() + (5 * 60 * 1000));
                    $.cookie('sl_hascookie', true, {expires: sl_date, path: '/'}); // ca 30 minutes
                    $.cookie('sl_backto', window.location.href, {expires: sl_date, path: '/'}); // ca 30 minutes

                    if (window.sessionStorage) {
                        if ($('.gig-composebox-textarea').length && $('.gig-composebox-textarea').text() != '') {
                            window.sessionStorage.setItem('comments_' + window.location.href, $('.gig-composebox-textarea').text());
                        }
                    } else {
                        if ($('.gig-composebox-textarea').length && $('.gig-composebox-textarea').text() != '') {
                            $.cookie('sl_content', $('.gig-composebox-textarea').text(), {expires: sl_date, path: '/'});
                        }
                    }
                };

                $('#nse-widget').on('click', 'a.nse_register-link', function (e) {
                    // prevent expresso from calling its handlers
                    e.stopImmediatePropagation();
                    e.preventDefault();

                    storeGigyaComment();
                    window.location.href = SECURE_LOGIN_URL + 'users/register';
                });
                $('#nse-widget').on('click', 'a.nse_login-link, .gig-composebox-site-login, .gig-composebox-post', function (e) {
                    // prevent expresso from calling its handlers
                    e.stopImmediatePropagation();
                    e.preventDefault();

                    storeGigyaComment();
                    window.location.href = SECURE_LOGIN_URL + 'users/login';
                });
            
                            $(function () {
                    ExpressApp.Gigya.getUserInfo();
                });
                    </script>
        <!-- displayInSkin: yes, displayPagePeel: no, showPagePeelRos: , showPagePeel: , areYouOnHomepage:no -->

        <!--Visual Revenue Reader Response Tracking Script (v6) -->
<script>
	var _vrq = _vrq || [];
	_vrq.push(['id', 476]);
	_vrq.push(['automate', false]);
	_vrq.push(['track', function(){}]);
	(function(d, a){
		var s = d.createElement(a),
		x = d.getElementsByTagName(a)[0];
		s.async = true;
		s.src = 'https://vra.outbrain.com/vrs.js';
		x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x);
	})(document, 'script');
</script>
<!-- End of VR RR Tracking Script - All rights reserved -->
<script src="//platform.twitter.com/oct.js"></script>
<script>
try {twttr.conversion.trackPid('l4f18');} catch (e) {}
</script>
<noscript>
<img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://analytics.twitter.com/i/adsct?txn_id=l4f18&p_id=Twitter" />
<img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="//t.co/i/adsct?txn_id=l4f18&p_id=Twitter" />
</noscript><script>
(function(c){var g,s='script',w=window,n=c.name||'PLISTA';if(!w[n]){w[n]=c;g=w.document.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];s=w.document.createElement(s);s.async=true;s.type='text/javascript';s.src=(w.location.protocol==='https:'?'https:':'http:')+'//static'+(c.origin?'-'+c.origin:'')+'.plista.com/async'+(c.name?'/'+c.name:'')+'.js';g.parentNode.insertBefore(s,g);}
}({
    "publickey": "62c80af9febf33615e0c332a",
    "item": {
        "objectid": document.querySelector('meta[property="og:url"]').content.match(/([0-9]+)/)[1],  /*unique ID, alphanumeric*/
        "title": document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content.substr(0, 255),  /*max 255 characters*/
        "text": document.querySelector('meta[property="og:description"]') ? document.querySelector('meta[property="og:description"]').content.substr(0, 255) : '',  /*max 255 characters*/
        "url": document.querySelector('meta[property="og:url"]') ? document.querySelector('meta[property="og:url"]').content.substr(0, 1024) : document.location.href,
        "img":  document.querySelector('meta[property="og:image"]') ? document.querySelector('meta[property="og:image"]').content : '',  /*max 255 characters*/
        "category": document.querySelector('meta[property="article:section"]') ? document.querySelector('meta[property="article:section"]').content.substr(0, 255) : '',
        "published_at": document.querySelector('meta[property="article:published_time"]') ? Math.floor(Date.parse(document.querySelector('meta[property="article:published_time"]').content) /1000) : Math.floor(Date.parse(new Date())/1000),  /*UNIX timestamp, date article was first published*/
        "updated_at": document.querySelector('meta[property="article:modified_time"]') ? Math.floor(Date.parse(document.querySelector('meta[property="article:modified_time"]').content) /1000) : Math.floor(Date.parse(new Date())/1000)  /*UNIX timestamp, date article was last modified*/
    },
    "origin": "uk"
}));
</script><script>var ChannelName = "Science,News,autoplay_video,weather forecast,lasers,rain,storm,cloud,california drought";</script>
<script>var adblock=localStorage.getItem("OB-AD-BLOCKER-STAT");if("true"===adblock||"false"===adblock)"false"==adblock?((window.utag_add_event||function(){})({call_type:"event",events:{category:"AdBlock",action:"Blocked Ads",event:"adblock"},ad_block:{time:"0",value:!1}}),window.ga && ga("send","event","Adblocking","No",0,{nonInteraction:1})):((window.utag_add_event||function(){})({call_type:"event",events:{category:"AdBlock",action:"Blocked Ads",event:"adblock"},ad_block:{time:"0",value:!0}}),window.ga && ga("send","event","Adblocking","Yes",0,{nonInteraction:1})),window.utag_data.device.ad_blocker=adblock;else{var abcf=function(e){var t=document.querySelector("div.advert"),d="div.advert > div > div > iframe";"mobile"==window.utag_data.device.type&&(d="div.AdSlot div iframe",t=document.querySelector("div.AdSlot"));var o=document.querySelector(d),a=null;a=t&&(!o||null===o||0==o.width&&0==o.height||!o.style.width),"undefined"!=typeof window.ga?ga("send","event","Adblocking",a,e,{nonInteraction:1}):"undefined"!=typeof window._gaq,(window.uvAddEvent||function(){})({call_type:"event",events:{category:"AdBlock",action:"Blocked Ads",event:"adblock"},ad_block:{time:e,value:a}}),localStorage.setItem("_adblocker",a),window.utag_data.device.ad_blocker=a};window.setTimeout(function(){abcf("0.5")},500)}</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{ "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "name" : "Express.co.uk", "logo" : "https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/page/express_logo.png", "url" : "https://www.express.co.uk", "sameAs" : [ "https://twitter.com/Daily_Express", "https://www.facebook.com/DailyExpress", "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheExpressOnline", "https://plus.google.com/+DailyExpress" ] }
</script><!-- START Parse.ly Include: Standard -->
<div id="parsely-root" style="display: none">
  <div id="parsely-cfg" data-parsely-site="express.co.uk"></div>
</div>
<script>
(function(s, p, d) {
  var h=d.location.protocol, i=p+"-"+s,
      e=d.getElementById(i), r=d.getElementById(p+"-root"),
      u=h==="https:"?"d1z2jf7jlzjs58.cloudfront.net"
      :"static."+p+".com";
  if (e) return;
  e = d.createElement(s); e.id = i; e.async = true;
  e.src = h+"//"+u+"/p.js"; r.appendChild(e);
})("script", "parsely", document);
</script>
<!-- END Parse.ly Include -->

                    <script>
    ExpressApp.Log('defined tags:', window.gptadtags);

    var requestAds = function () {
        googletag.cmd.push(function () {
            for (var i = 0; i < window.gptadtags.length; i++) {
                ExpressApp.Log('displaying ad nr:', i, 'id:', gptadtags[i].id, 'slot: ', gptadtags[i].slot);
                googletag.display(gptadtags[i].id);
            }
        });
    };

    var __iasPET = window.__iasPET || {};
    __iasPET.queue = __iasPET.queue || [];
    __iasPET.pubId = '10079'; // your account manager will provide this ID

    // this is the maximum amount of time in milliseconds to wait for a PET response
    // before requesting ads without PET data. we recommend starting at 2 seconds
    // when testing and adjusting downwards as appropriate.
    // remember to replace 'requestAds' below with the function you use to request
    // ads from DFP.
    var IASPET_TIMEOUT = 2000;
    var __iasPETTimeoutRequestAds = setTimeout(requestAds, IASPET_TIMEOUT);

    // this function will be called when a PET response is received. it will
    // set the targeting data for DFP and request ads
    // remember to replace requestAds() with the function you use for requesting
    // ads from DFP
    var iasDataHandler = function (adSlotData) {
        ExpressApp.Log('iasDataHandler executed');
        clearTimeout(__iasPETTimeoutRequestAds);
        __iasPET.setTargetingForGPT();
        requestAds();
    };

    // make the PET request
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
        // read the currently defined GPT ad slots for sending to the PET endpoint
        // all GPT ad slots should be defined before calling PET
        var gptSlots = googletag.pubads().getSlots();
        var iasPETSlots = [];
        for (var i = 0; i < gptSlots.length; i++) {
            var sizes = gptSlots[i].getSizes().map(function (size)
            {if (size.getWidth && size.getHeight)
                return [size.getWidth(), size.getHeight()];
            else
                return [1, 1];
            });
            iasPETSlots.push({
                adSlotId: gptSlots[i].getSlotElementId(),
                //size: can either be a single size (e.g., [728, 90])
                // or an array of sizes (e.g., [[728, 90], [970, 90]])
                size: sizes,
                adUnitPath: gptSlots[i].getAdUnitPath()
            });
        }
        // make the request to PET. if your page makes multiple ad requests to DFP
        // (e.g., lazily loaded ads, infinite scrolling pages, etc.), you should make
        // a request to PET before every request to DFP
        __iasPET.queue.push({
            adSlots: iasPETSlots,
            dataHandler: iasDataHandler
        });
    });
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