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  <title>From Irma to Maria, why are there so many hurricanes hitting the US and will there be more in the future?</title>
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</script></div></div></div></div></div><section class="sun-container__article-section"><div class="sun-row sun-row__article-content"><div class="col sun-col-4"><article class="article"><div><header class="article__header"><div class="article__strapline"></div><section class="article__headline-section"><span class="article__kicker theme__copy-color">WHY THE WIND BLOWS </span><h1 class="article__headline">From Irma to Maria, why are there so many hurricanes hitting the US and will there be more in the future?</h1></section><div class="article__subdeck theme__border-color"><p>Hurricane Maria made its devastating mark as the third major megastorm to batter the Caribbean and South East US region in 2017</p>
</div></header><div class="article__meta"><div class="article__name-date"><div class="article__author"><span class="article__author-name theme__copy-color" itemprop="author">By Jon Lockett and Neal Baker</span></div><div class="article__time"><div class="article__published"><span>6th October 2017,</span><span class="article__timestamp"> 3:01 pm</span></div><div class="article__updated"><span>Updated: 6th October 2017,</span><span class="article__timestamp"> 3:04 pm</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article-switcheroo"><div class="article__content"><p class="article__content article__content--intro">AMERICA and the Caribbean have been struck by multiple hurricanes during the summer and autumn of 2017.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4366546/donald-trump-pledges-one-million-dollars-of-his-own-money-to-hurricane-harvey-relief-efforts/">Harvey pounded Texas in August</a>, while 160mph <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4463885/hurricane-irma-damage-caribbean-florida-photos/">Irma struck the Caribbean, Bahamas and the US mainland around Florida in September</a>, bringing utter devastation to thousands and killing dozens — but what is causing the <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4489531/hurricane-maria-latest-tracker-category-caribbean-updates/">extreme weather in the region</a>?</p>
<figure class="article__media"><div class="article__media-img-container open-gallery" data-index="0"><a href="#"><img alt=" Irma was among the most powerful hurricanes ever recorded" class="lazyload wp-image-4404604 size-thesun-article-image" data-src="https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/es-hurricane-composite-inset01.jpg?strip=all&w=750" height="500" width="750"/></a><div class="article__gallery-count theme__background-color-rgba-80"><a href=""><span class="article__gallery-count-value theme__copy-color"></span></a></div></div><figcaption class="article__media-caption"> Irma was among the most powerful hurricanes ever recorded</figcaption></figure>
<h2>Why are <strong>so many hurricanes heading towards the US in 2017?</strong></h2>
<p>The Atlantic is primed for making major hurricanes right now due to three major ingredients.</p>
<p>America usually has a ridge of low pressure along its east coast, which helps steer storms away.</p>
<p>But this invisible ridge has pushed west this year, leaving the eastern seaboard, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico unprotected and exposed to hurricanes.</p>
<p>The other two ingredients are warm Atlantic Ocean temperatures that extend deep underwater, creating high levels of moisture in the air as it evaporates.</p>
<p>Irma grew in power thanks to sea temperatures hovering around 85 degrees Fahrenheit, which are ideal for fuelling hurricane intensification.</p>
<p>Irma followed on the heels of Harvey, because of this change in air pressure along the East Coast.</p>
<p>And <a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4495576/hurricane-maria-upgraded-to-category-five-as-forecasters-warn-of-catastrophic-160mph-winds-in-the-caribbean/">160mph Maria followed suit on 18 September, utterly levelling the island of Dominica</a> and causing &quot;mind-boggling&quot; levels of destruction, according to its prime minister Roosevelt Skerrit.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4620376/tropical-storm-nate-path-tracker-where-now-us-hurricane/">Tropical Storm Nate</a> is the fourteenth of its kind to move across the Atlantic this year.</p>
<p>Nate formed off the coast of Nicaragua on Thursday and is expected to drench part of Central America and Mexico.</p>
<p>Officials from the US National Hurricane Center predicted the storm to dump as much as 50 cm of rain across Nicaragua - with some localised areas receiving increased downpours.</p>
<h2>Why didn&#x27;t the experts see these huge storms coming?</h2>
<p>Some did, including Philip Klotzbach, an atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University.</p>
<p>In early July, Klotzbach’s team predicted the Atlantic Ocean would experience an above-average hurricane season because of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - or rather because of its absence this year.</p>
<p>“We’ve only had 16 other hurricanes on record that have been as strong as Irma is right now,” he told <a href="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/first-harvey-now-irma-many-hurricanes-hitting-u-s/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Newshour</a> at the time of the hurricane.</p>
<p>The El Niño weather phenomenon creates extremely warm temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which pushes strong winds into the Atlantic, creates high levels of wind shear and stops hurricanes.</p>
<p>When Pacific sea temperatures reverse and cool, it creates La Niña, which tends to drive hurricanes.</p>
<figure class="article__media"><div class="article__media-img-container open-gallery" data-index="1"><a href="#"><img alt=" Gusts from Hurricane Irma topped 220mph" class="lazyload wp-image-4404683 size-thesun-article-image" data-src="https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/nintchdbpict000350617234.jpg?strip=all&w=960" height="1506" width="2200"/></a><div class="article__credit">Reuters</div><div class="article__gallery-count theme__background-color-rgba-80"><a href=""><span class="article__gallery-count-value theme__copy-color"></span></a></div></div><figcaption class="article__media-caption"> Gusts from Hurricane Irma topped 220mph</figcaption></figure>
<h2>Why do hurricanes never hit the West Coast of the US?</h2>
<p>Hurricanes form both in the Atlantic basin, to the east of the continental US and in the Northeast Pacific basin, to the west of the US.</p>
<p>The hurricanes in the Northeast Pacific almost never hit the US, however, whereas the ones in the Atlantic basin strike the US mainland just less than twice a year on average.</p>
<p>There are two main reasons for this disparity.</p>
<p>The first is that hurricanes in the northern hemisphere form at tropical and subtropical latitudes and then tend to move toward the west-northwest.</p>
<p>In the Atlantic, such a motion often brings the hurricane into the vicinity of the East Coast of the US.</p>
<p>In the Northeast Pacific, the same west-northwest track carries hurricanes farther offshore, well away from the US West Coast.</p>
<p>The second factor is the difference in water temperatures along the US East and West coasts.</p>
<p>Along the East Coast, the Gulf Stream provides a source of warm (above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, or 26.5 degrees Celsius) waters, which helps to maintain the hurricane.</p>
<p>Along the West Coast, however, ocean-surface temperatures rarely rise above the lower 70s F (the low 20s C.) even in the middle of summer.</p>
<p>Such relatively cool temperatures do not provide enough thermal energy to sustain a hurricane&#x27;s strength.</p>
<p>So the occasional Northeast Pacific hurricane that does track back toward the US encounters the cooler waters of the Pacific, which can quickly reduce the storm&#x27;s strength.&quot;</p>
<div class="helios-ooyala-wrapper"><div id="thesun-ooyala-player-82eWdxYzE6i_i09NGFzmY05sCW7xg7tFNDcyOWI0M2YyMDdkN2YwODU5Mzc5MDUz" class="sun-video-player ooyala-player" data-content-id="82eWdxYzE6i_i09NGFzmY05sCW7xg7tF"></div><figcaption class="article__video-caption">Winds in Dominica become powerful as Hurricane Maria approaches </figcaption></div>
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