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        <div class="cmshtml"> <h1>Breastfeeding and Emergencies</h1>
<h3><a href="d/do/416" target="_blank" title="PDF document">USBC Position Statement on Infant/Young Child Feeding in Emergencies</a></h3>
<h2>Key Facts about Breastfeeding in Emergencies</h2>
<p><em>Emergencies often occur when least expected, and sometimes when we are least prepared. They can include a wide range of unsettling events, including personal or family crises, public health emergencies (such as a flu pandemic), acts of terror and violence, and natural disasters or weather-related events (such as floods and blizzards).</em></p>
<h3><strong>Research shows that infants and children are the most vulnerable during emergencies.</strong></h3>
<ul>
<li>Nearly 95% of infant and child deaths in emergencies result from diarrhea due to contaminated water and an unsanitary environment.</li>
<li>Infant formula has been linked to an increase in infant disease and death: it can also be contaminated and requires clean water and fuel to sterilize formula, bottles, and nipples. Lack of electricity also can make it difficult to preserve formula.</li>
<li>Breastfeeding saves lives! Human milk is always clean, requires no fuel, water, or electricity, and is available, even in the direst circumstances.</li>
<li>Human milk contains antibodies that fight infection, including diarrhea and respiratory infections common among infants in emergency situations.</li>
<li>Human milk provides infants with perfect nutrition, including the proper amount of vitamins and minerals required for normal growth.</li>
<li>Breastfeeding releases hormones that lower stress and anxiety in both babies and mothers.</li>
<li>Mothers who breastfeed are able to keep their babies warm to prevent hypothermia.</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Mothers can breastfeed in an emergency</strong>!</h3>
<ul>
<li>The safest food in an emergency is the mother&rsquo;s own milk. Donor human milk is the next best option. Mothers who cannot directly feed their babies can also be supported to express their milk.</li>
<li>Women who are stressed can continue to make milk. A quiet area that helps mothers relax can help their milk flow to the baby.</li>
<li>Malnourished mothers can make plenty of milk.</li>
<li>Even mothers who have already discontinued breastfeeding may be able to restart breastfeeding (known as<br /> &ldquo;relactation&rdquo;).</li>
<li>If a baby (or mother) becomes ill, the best thing the mother can do is to continue breastfeeding to provide her baby with human antibodies that fight the illness.</li>
<li>Support makes the difference!</li>
</ul>
<h2>Resources on Breastfeeding and Emergencies</h2>
<p>American Academy of Pediatrics Flyer: <a href="https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Breastfeeding/Documents/InfantNutritionDisaster.pdf" target="_blank" title="External PDF document">"Infant Nutrition in Disasters and Other Emergencies: Breastfeeding and Other Options"</a></p>
<p>Emergency Nutrition Network Website: <a href="http://www.ennonline.net/operationalguidanceiycfv2.1" target="_blank" title="External website link">"Operational Guidance on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies"</a></p>
<p>International Lactation Consultant Association Website: <a href="https://portal.ilca.org/files/in_the_news/Emergencies/Checklists09_PRINT.pdf" target="_blank" title="External website link">"Emergency Preparedness Checklist for Breastfeeding"</a></p>
<p>La Leche League International Website: <a href="http://www.llli.org/emergency.html" target="_blank" title="External website link">"Resources for Breastfeeding During Emergencies"</a></p>
<p>World Breastfeeding Week 2009 Website: <a href="http://www.worldbreastfeedingweek.net/wbw2009/worldwide_09.htm" target="_blank" title="External website link">"Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response. Are you ready?"</a></p>
<p>World Health Organization Website: <a href="http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/emergencies/en/index.html" target="_blank" title="External website link">"Child and adolescent health and development, documents on emergencies"</a></p>
<p>WHO / UNICEF / WFP Joint Statement: <a href="http://www.who.int/hac/crises/hti/appeal/haiti_joint_call_for_support.pdf" target="_blank" title="External PDF document">"Call for support for appropriate infant and young child feeding in Haiti"</a></p>
<h2><a name="types"></a>Resources on Different Types of Emergencies</h2>
<p>The chart below provides a compilation of resources from several key national agencies and organizations (columns), organized by type of emergency (rows). See below the chart for descriptions of the sources.</p>
<table style="width: 100%; border: 1px solid #000000;" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3">
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>Ready.gov</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>NCTSN</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>AAP</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Biological</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/pandemic" target="_blank" title="External website link">Pandemics</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/epidemics" target="_blank" title="External website link">Epidemics</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Anthrax.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Anthrax</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Influenza-Pandemics.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Influenza/Pandemics</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Earthquakes</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><a href="http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Earthquakes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/earthquakes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Earthquakes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Earthquakes.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Earthquakes</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Floods</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/floods" target="_blank" title="External website link">Floods</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/floods" target="_blank" title="External website link">Floods</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Flash-Floods-Flood-Recovery.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Flash Floods</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Fires</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/fires" target="_blank" title="External website link">Home Fires</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/wildfires" target="_blank" title="External website link">Wildfires</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/fires/residential-fires" target="_blank" title="External website link">Residential Fires</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/fires/wildfires" target="_blank" title="External website link">Wildfires</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Wildfires.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Wildfires</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Hurricanes</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/hurricanes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Hurricanes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/hurricanes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Hurricanes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Hurricanes-Tornadoes-and-Storms.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Hurricanes</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Tornadoes</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/tornadoes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Tornadoes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/tornadoes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Tornadoes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Hurricanes-Tornadoes-and-Storms.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Tornadoes</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Other Weather<br /> &nbsp;Events</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/drought" target="_blank" title="External website link">Drought</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/heat" target="_blank" title="External website link">Extreme Heat</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/severe-weather" target="_blank" title="External website link">Severe Weather</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/thunderstorms-lightning" target="_blank" title="External website link">Thunderstorms &amp; Lightning</a> <br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/winter-weather" target="_blank" title="External website link">Winter Storms &amp; Extreme Cold</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;</td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Extreme-Temperatures-Heat-and-Cold.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Extreme Temperatures</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Hurricanes-Tornadoes-and-Storms.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Storms</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Violence</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/resources/audiences/school-personnel" target="_blank" title="External website link">School Violence &amp; Crises</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;">&nbsp;<strong>Terrorism</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/bioterrorism" target="_blank" title="External website link">Bioterrorism</a><br /> &nbsp; <a href="https://www.ready.gov/chemical" target="_blank" title="External website link">Chemical Emergencies</a><br /> &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ready.gov/cyber-security" target="_blank" title="External website link">Cyber Security</a><br /> &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ready.gov/explosions" target="_blank" title="External website link">Explosions</a><br /> &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ready.gov/nuclear-blast" target="_blank" title="External website link">Nuclear Blast</a><br /> &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ready.gov/radiological-dispersion-device-rdd" target="_blank" title="External website link">Radiological Dispersion</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/terrorism/biological" target="_blank" title="External website link">Biological</a> <br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/terrorism/chemical" target="_blank" title="External website link">Chemical</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/terrorism/radiological" target="_blank" title="External website link">Radiological </a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Terrorism-and-Agents.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Terrorism &amp; Agents</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Biological-Terrorism-and-Agents.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Biological</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Blast-Terrorism-and-Explosions.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Blast/Explosions</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Chemical-Terrorism-and-Agents.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Chemical</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Radiologic-or-Nuclear-Terrorism-and-Agents.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Radiologic/Nuclear</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #d3d3d3;"><strong>&nbsp;Other</strong></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/power-outages" target="_blank" title="External website link">Power Outages</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/hazardous-materials-incidents" target="_blank" title="External website link">Hazardous Materials</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/household-chemical-emergencies" target="_blank" title="External website link">Household Chemical Emergencies</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/landslides-debris-flow" target="_blank" title="External website link">Landslides &amp; Debris Flow</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/nuclear-power-plants" target="_blank" title="External website link">Nuclear Power Plants</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/space-weather" target="_blank" title="External website link">Space Weather</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/tsunamis" target="_blank" title="External website link">Tsunamis</a><br /> &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ready.gov/volcanoes" target="_blank" title="External website link">Volcanoes</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nctsn.org/trauma-types/natural-disasters/tsunamis" target="_blank" title="External website link">Tsunamis</a></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Financial-Crisis.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">Financial Crisis </a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a href="http://www.ready.gov" target="_blank" title="External website link"><strong>Ready.gov</strong></a> is a national public service advertising (PSA) campaign designed to educate and empower Americans to prepare for and respond to emergencies including natural and man-made disasters. The goal of the campaign is to get the public involved and ultimately to increase the level of basic preparedness across the nation. Ready.gov offers information and resources on what you can do to prepare for, react to, and recover from different types of emergencies.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.llis.gov" target="_blank" title="External website link"><strong>Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS.gov)</strong></a> is a Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency program. LLIS.gov serves as the national, online network of lessons learned, best practices, and innovative ideas for the emergency management and homeland security communities. This information and collaboration resource helps emergency response providers and homeland security officials prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and other emergencies.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.aap.org" target="_blank" title="External website link"><strong>American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)</strong></a> is an organization of more than 60,000 pediatricians committed to the attainment of optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. The AAP Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council has created a website to ensure that all pediatricians and other health professionals, parents, caregivers and teachers, policymakers, and communities have the information they need when they need it.</p>
<h2>Shelter During and After an Emergency</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.ready.gov" target="_blank" title="External website link"><strong>Ready.gov</strong></a> offers information and resources on <a href="http://www.ready.gov/shelter" target="_blank" title="External website link">taking shelter in an emergency</a>. The safest locations to seek shelter vary by hazard. Be informed about the sheltering suggestions for each hazard. There may be situations, depending on your circumstances and the nature of the disaster, when it's best to shelter in place. Search for open mass care shelters by texting SHELTER and a zip code to 43362 (4FEMA). Ex: Shelter 01234 (standard rates apply).</p>
<p>The <strong><a href="http://www.redcross.org" target="_blank" title="External website link">American Red Cross</a> </strong>responds to approximately 70,000 disasters in the United States every year, providing shelter, food, health, and mental health services to help families and communities get back on their feet. Use their tools to search for the <a href="http://www.redcross.org/find-help/shelter" target="_blank" title="External website link">closest open shelter</a> during an emergency, and to register or search the <a href="http://www.redcross.org/find-help/contact-family/register-safe-listing" target="_blank" title="External website link">Safe and Well listings</a>.</p>
<h2>Additional Recovery Resources</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.ready.gov" target="_blank" title="External website link"><strong>Ready.gov</strong></a> provides advice on steps to take to <a href="http://www.ready.gov/recovering-disaster" target="_blank" title="External website link">recover from a disaster</a> and begin getting your home, your community, and your life back to normal, including: health and safety guidelines, returning home, seeking disaster assistance, coping with disaster, and helping others.</p>
<p>The <strong><a href="http://www.redcross.org" target="_blank" title="External website link">American Red Cross</a> </strong>has <a href="http://www.redcross.org/prepare/disaster" target="_blank" title="External website link">Recovery Guides</a> on more than 20 types of emergencies.</p>
<p>The <strong>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</strong> <a href="http://disasterdistress.samhsa.gov/" target="_blank" title="External website link">Disaster Distress Helpline</a> provides 24/7, year-round crisis counseling and support. Call 1-800-985-5990 or text "TalkWithUs" to 66746.</p>
<h2>Resources on Talking with Children / Helping Children Cope</h2>
<p>The <strong>American Academy of Pediatrics</strong> offers tips and instructions for <a href="https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">talking to children about disasters</a> and for <a href="https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Children-and-Disasters/Pages/Promoting-Adjustment-and-Helping-Children-Cope.aspx" target="_blank" title="External website link">promoting adjustment and helping children cope</a>.</p>
<p>The <strong>National Association of School Psychologists</strong> has published <a href="http://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources/school-safety-and-crisis" target="_blank">resources for helping children or youth cope with tramautic and unsettling events</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Save the Children</strong> offers resources to assist parents, teachers, grandparents, and other caregivers on <a href="http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.8479773/k.2264/How_to_Help_Children_Cope_with_a_Crisis.htm" target="_blank" title="External website link">how to help children cope with a crisis</a>.</p></div>    </div>
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