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          Deeper Underground: Fear drives mistrust between police, immigrant communities
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			<div id="subhead">Fear drives mistrust between police, immigrant communities</div>
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				Story by <a href="/author/ileana-najarro/" target="_blank">Ileana Najarro</a> and <a href="/author/monica-rhor/" target="_blank">Monica Rhor</a><br>
				Photos by <a href="http://www.mariedejesus.com/" target="_blank">Marie D. De Jesús</a>
				<p>Published Sept. 22, 2017</p>
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	</div><div class="caption">Houston Police Department officer Al Yañez walks through an apartment complex as part of his routine community check-ins in East Houston.</div><h1 id="mobileheadline">Deeper Underground</h1><div id="mobilesubhead">Fear drives mistrust between police, immigrant communities</div><div id="mobilebyline">
		Story by <a href="/author/ileana-najarro/" target="_blank">Ileana Najarro</a> and <a href="/author/monica-rhor/" target="_blank">Monica Rhor</a><br>
		Photos by <a href="http://www.mariedejesus.com/" target="_blank">Marie D. De Jesús</a>
		<p>Published Sept. 22, 2017</p>
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			<p><span class="capinit">T</span>he black and white Chevrolet SUV rolled into the Home Depot parking lot in southeast Houston. Day laborers huddled under slim trees, their bicycles on the ground nearby. Raindrops from an early morning shower dripped through the leaves.</p>
			<p>Al Yañez stuck an arm out his window and waved hello. Some of the men, recognizing the Houston police officer, responded with a nod. Others crossed their arms, avoiding eye contact.</p>
			<p>A few months ago, Yañez could count on friendly exchanges. Maybe even some leads. At least a hello.</p>
			<p>Yañez pulled up beside three men waiting for work.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-2">
			<p>"Que tal?" Yañez said, stepping out of the vehicle. "Slow day because of the rain?"</p>
			<p>"Yeah, there was nothing," replied Fabian Mendoza, 42, scuffing his clean boots. The others looked around, their heads fidgeting like finches.</p>
			<p>"I'm Officer Yañez," he said, reaching out to shake each man's hand. "I work here in the community. I'm not here to bother you or anything, just want to hear your perspective."</p>
			<p>He went on to repeat the same message he offered earlier that morning to a broom seller: We protect and serve the community. We're not immigration agents. We're not in the business of deporting people. You don't have to fear us.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/74/65/13880687/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="inline" data-caption="Yañez currently serves on HPD’s Eastside Division Differential Response Team, the department’s community policing arm."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/74/65/13880687/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<div class="caption">Yañez currently serves on HPD’s Eastside Division Differential Response Team, the department’s community policing arm.</div>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p>Every day, Yañez and his colleagues in the Houston Police Department's community policing units encounter such worries on their beats. Every day, they offer the same reassurance.</p>
			<p>Despite such pleas, fear is rippling through Houston's immigrant enclaves.</p>

</div>
		<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-2">
			<p>At the corner carnicerias, where regular customers no longer come around. In neighborhood clinics, where waiting rooms sit empty. In schools, where teachers comfort parents who are nervous about enrolling their children, and children worry about returning home to find their parents gone.</p>
			<p>"We don't want people to hide in the shadows," said Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo.</p>
			<p>And yet, evidence grows that the retreat is ongoing.</p>
			<p>More than 30 immigrant-owned businesses surveyed by the Chronicle say revenues have cratered by as much as 70 percent since January. Across the region, health officials have seen declines in clinic visits. At Magnolia's Centro De Corazon, half of their undocumented pregnant patients didn't return for checkups last month.</p>

</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<div class="sider">
				<h2>About the series</h2>
				<p>“<a href="/newamerica/storylines/underground/">Deeper Underground</a>” is a series exploring how aggressive federal enforcement, controversial laws and heated political rhetoric are pushing Houston’s immigrants – documented and undocumented – deeper into the shadows.</p>
				<p><strong>Part 1</strong>: <a href="/deeperunderground/1/">Fear drives mistrust between police, immigrant communities</a></p>
				<p><strong>Part 2</strong>: <a href="/deeperunderground/2/">Businesses feel the pinch as undocumented consumers limit shopping expenses</a></p>
				<p><strong>Part 3</strong>: <a href="/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Trump-s-immigrant-crackdown-brings-blanket-of-12442229.php">Trump's immigrant crackdown brings 'blanket of fear' to Houston schools</a></p>
				<p><strong>Part 4</strong>: <a href="/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Fearing-deportation-undocumented-immigrants-are-12450772.php">Fearing deportation, undocumented immigrants in Houston are avoiding hospitals and clinics</a></p>


			</div>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p><a class="twitter tweetfact" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=HPD:%20Crimes%20reported%20by%20Latinos%20have%20fallen%20more%20than%2040%20percent%20in%20first%20three%20months%20of%202017%20compared%20to%202016%20http://www.houstonchronicle.com/DeeperUnderground/1/" target="_blank">Houston police say crimes reported by Latinos have fallen by more than 40 percent in the first three months of 2017 compared to the previous year. <i class="fa fa fa-twitter"></i></a></p>
			<p>Across the Houston area, those who show up at crime prevention forums – day laborers and college students, business owners and construction workers, landscapers and mechanics, Central American immigrants and Vietnamese refugees, documented and undocumented – all pepper police officers with similar questions:</p>
			<p>Is it worth the risk to report a robbery? Will I be stopped driving to work? Will you ask about my immigration status?</p>
			<p>At the Home Depot, not long before Hurricane Harvey devastated wide swaths of his city, Yañez was confronting these questions and making little progress regaining the trust he had built over the years.</p>
			<p>One of the men told Yañez about how assailants struck him in the head during a recent robbery. He didn't believe police would solve the case.</p>
			<p>Yañez tried to appease him.</p>
			<p>"We're here to serve the community ...," he began.</p>
			<p>Mendoza interrupted. Would police assume that he, a legal resident, was here illegally just because he was Latino? Would they treat all Latinos with respect or with suspicion?</p>
			<p>"Y los racistas?" he said.</p>
			<p>Yañez sighed and stared at the ground. A minute of silence passed, Mendoza’s words hanging in the air.</p>
			<p>And what about the racists?</p>
		</div>
	</div><a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869047/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="fullwidth" data-caption="The nation’s changing immigration landscape threatens Houston’s identity as a welcoming, safe haven for immigrants, documented and undocumented alike."><img class="img-responsive fullwidth" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869047/3/rawImage.jpg"></a><div class="par1"></div><div class="caption">The nation’s changing immigration landscape threatens Houston’s identity as a welcoming, safe haven for immigrants, documented and undocumented alike.</div><div class="container">
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p class="placeholder"><span>•</span><span>•</span><span>•</span></p>
			<p>Rescue teams, comprised of volunteers and local and federal authorities, scoured Houston streets that Hurricane Harvey morphed into flowing rivers. They approached houses and apartment complexes where water was rising up to the knee, chest or higher.</p>
			<p>Many undocumented families were too afraid to call for help.</p>
			<p>"As soon they saw some of the rescuers wearing border patrol uniforms, they didn't want to come out," said Cesar Espinosa, executive director of the immigration advocacy group FIEL.</p>
			<p>Federal agencies and local officials offered assurances that a rescue would not be turned into an immigration roundup. Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner even vowed to personally represent anyone threatened with deportation. Still, many undocumented families refused refuge in shelters and assistance at food banks.</p>
			<p>"It was one rumor after another that spread and caused fear," Espinosa said.</p>
			<p>This week, less than 30 days after Harvey hit the Texas Gulf Coast, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced that it resumed immigration-related arrests in the Houston area, the only safe zones being food banks and shelters.</p>
			<p>The notion that immigrants might not feel safe here stands in stark contrast to Houston's reputation as one of the most diverse cities in the nation, a source of pride for residents and city leaders.</p>
			<p>"Houston is, and always has been, a welcoming city, where we value and appreciate diversity," Turner said.</p>
			<!---By the numbers--->
			<div class="numbers">
				<h2>By the numbers</h2>
				<p class="numberschatter">A 2016 report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, a coalition of Democratic, Republican and Independent business leaders and mayors, revealed the economic contributions of the immigrant population in the state of Texas and the U.S. in general, including those who are here illegally:</p>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>86.6:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The percentage of undocumented males employed in the U.S in 2012 and 2013</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>1,792,500:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The number of undocumented immigrants in Texas</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>158,348:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The number of undocumented entrepreneurs in Texas</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>246,464:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The number of undocumented construction workers in the state in 2014, making up 29 percent of the industry’s workforce</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>49:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The percentage of undocumented immigrants in Texas who speak English well, very well or only speak English</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<h3>$1.7 billion:</h3>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p>The amount undocumented immigrants in Texas paid in federal taxes in 2014</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-md-2">
						<p><span class="sources">Sources:</span></p>
					</div>
					<div class="col-md-10">
						<p class="sources numberschatter">Statistics calculated by Partnership for a New American Economy researchers using public databases including Census data and micro datasets.</p>
					</div>
				</div>
				<hr>
			</div><!---End by the numbers--->
			<p>For decades, foreign-born newcomers felt welcome in Houston, a place long-celebrated as an immigrant magnet. Here, they found work, opportunity and acceptance.</p>
			<p>Over the last 30 years, immigrants helped replenish the city, which saw a drop in the white population after the oil bust of the 1980s. First, the Vietnamese refugee influx, then a surge of immigrants from Latin America, Africa and Asia changed the demographics of the region.</p>
			<p><a class="twitter tweetfact" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=One%20in%20four%20Harris%20County%20residents%20are%20foreign-born,%20and%20Houston%20is%20home%20to%20about%20575,000%20undocumented%20immigrants%20http://www.houstonchronicle.com/DeeperUnderground/1/" target="_blank">One in four Harris County residents are foreign-born, and Houston is home to an estimated 575,000 undocumented immigrants, the third-largest concentration in the country. <i class="fa fa fa-twitter"></i></a></p>
			<p><a class="twitter tweetfact" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Immigrant%20workers%20pump%20in%20%24116.5%20billion%20into%20the%20Houston%20economy%20and%20make%20up%20nearly%20one-third%20of%20the%20labor%20force%20http://www.houstonchronicle.com/DeeperUnderground/1/" target="_blank">Immigrant workers pump in $116.5 billion through consumption and taxes and make up nearly one-third of the labor force. <i class="fa fa fa-twitter"></i></a> They raise families, become high school valedictorians, graduate from college, operate businesses. They are woven into the fabric of the city – regardless of immigration status.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-12">
			<a href="http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869065/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="blocks2" data-caption="Warm receptions from day laborers are no longer a guarantee for Yañez and his colleagues."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww2.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869065/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<a href="http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869044/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="blocks2" data-caption="“So you guys are going to be asking for our papers?” asked Pedro, a day laborer working in the country without documentation. Yañez assured him his chief warned against such requests."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869044/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869035/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="blocks2" data-caption="Many of Yañez’s go-to sources in East Houston share the same news: everyone worries an encounter with a police officer will lead to detention and deportation."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869035/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-12">
			<div class="caption">Immigrants’ fear of law enforcement personnel is real, Yañez said. In June he said he spotted a car driving with a flat tire. Wanting to offer assistance, he put on his patrol car’s lights and signaled for the driver to pull over. The car sped up, causing more damage to the flat. When he at last got the driver to stop, the woman behind the wheel said she had been calling relatives to come pick her children. Illegally in the country, she feared Yañez would take her in, abandoning her U.S. born children on the side of the road. </div>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p>Then Donald Trump, who made building a wall on the Mexican border a rallying cry during his campaign, became president.</p>
			<p>Five days after his inauguration, Trump signed an executive order making immigration enforcement and deportation a priority. In the 100 days following the order, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, arrested 41,318 people on charges of being in the country illegally, a 38 percent increase over the same period in 2016.</p>
			<p>More recently, Trump ordered an end to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, program, which allowed immigrants brought to the United States illegally as children to get an education and work permit without fear of deportation.</p>
			<p>Meanwhile, the specter of Senate Bill 4 (SB4), the Texas law that allows police to question a detained person's legal status, looms over immigrant communities.</p>
			<p>While a judge has blocked some parts of the so-called “sanctuary cities” law, one of its most controversial aspects, allowing police to question a person’s immigration status, remains in effect. Should the law prevail in court, elected or appointed officials can be removed from office if they don’t cooperate with federal immigration agents. Local governments could face fines, and sheriffs, constables and police chiefs could be charged with a misdemeanor.</p>
			<p>SB4 supporters say it will protect Texans and ensure existing immigration laws are enforced.</p>
			<p>"My top priority is public safety," Gov. Greg Abbott said in May after signing the bill. "This bill furthers that objective by keeping dangerous criminals off our streets."</p>
<p>Abbott is not alone in his support for tighter enforcement of immigration laws, and Trump’s policies enjoy support from some law enforcement agencies, as well as from Republican politicians and voters. In Texas, at least 18 sheriffs have agreed to help ICE identify immigrants in their custody who are in the country illegally.</p>
			<p>Critics, however, worry that SB4 will drive a community already living in the margins even deeper underground.</p>
<p>Several major Texas cities and counties, including Houston, are part of the ongoing lawsuit challenging the law, and the Texas Major Cities Chiefs, which represents the Texas Police Chiefs Association and chiefs in Houston, Dallas, Austin, Arlington, Fort Worth, and San Antonio, oppose the legislation.</p>
			<p>Acevedo has made it clear to his officers: You don't have to ask people about their immigration status. That stance has been reiterated by Houston's mayor.</p>
			<p>"We are not going to start profiling people to determine whether they are here illegally," Turner said. "It hasn't happened under previous mayors, and it will not happen under my administration."</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-12">
			<hr>
			<div id="postcards">
				<h2>Your stories: 'Living in fear'</h2>
				<a href="/newamerica/storylines/underground/postcards/" target="_blank"><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/66/01/06/14160275/2/rawImage.jpg">
				<div class="caption">Houston's undocumented immigrants, a community in living fear of increased immigration enforcement and the looming threat of a state law allowing police officers to question a person’s immigration status, penned powerful thoughts on postcards. Click here to read them.
			</div></a>
			<hr>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p class="placeholder"><span>•</span><span>•</span><span>•</span></p>
			<p>Just days before Hurricane Harvey began forming in the Atlantic, Yañez drove up to the Brookdale Village Apartments — worried a new rumor might be true.</p>
			<p>Word on the street was that ICE agents had recently raided the complex in the Lawndale neighborhood on the east side of the city. Yañez feared a chilling effect.</p>
			<p>"Hi there, how are you?" he hollered to a woman strolling by. She nodded nervously, then darted away when Yañez turned his back.</p>
			<p>Inside the leasing office, manager Ester Salazar greeted him with a smile. A good sign.</p>
			<p>Yañez has been paying such visits for most of his career, building up trust so residents can feel comfortable confiding in him. The practice helped when he worked on the Eastside gang unit for 19 years. For the last three years, he has made the visits part of his daily routine as a community policing officer.</p>
			<p>The conversation with Salazar was going well. Then Yañez asked about the ICE rumor.</p>
			<p>Yes, she whispered, head bent down. Agents came by and emptied four units. They were looking for a man. They didn't find him. They took the rest.</p>
			<p>"Puedo dar una vuelta?" Yañez asked. With her permission he walked through the complex, hoping to assuage the fears of anyone he could find.</p>
			<p>All of the tenants are Latino, according to Salazar, most working at the Wal-Mart half a mile away, or the neighboring fast food joints, motels and shops. Their low wages afforded them a cheap apartment with peeling paint and pockmarked brick exteriors.</p>
			<p>"Hola compa," Yañez shouted up at two men lounging in lawn chairs on a wooden balcony.</p>
			<p>Without a word, the men stood up, folded their chairs and slammed the door behind them.</p>
			<p>"All right then," Yañez murmured.</p>
			<p>He spotted a group of young men hanging out on outdoor stairs. "Good morning," he said with a smile, "How are you?"</p>
			<p>Only one teenager made eye contact with him. The rest muttered a greeting, then scattered.</p>
			<p>Otoniel Choc stayed behind, leaning against an old pillar, his hand tucked into his jean pockets.</p>
			<p>Yañez launched into his pitch. That police officers protect and serve the community. That police officers aren't immigration agents.</p>
			<p>Choc, who came to the U.S. at age 15 from Guatemala, barely spoke a word. He simply nodded.</p>
			<p>After a few minutes, Yañez stepped closer, a hopeful gleam in his eye. He asked Choc if he would call the police if he were ever a victim of a crime.</p>
			<p>The teenager looked at Yañez and answered in a strong, clear voice: "No."</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-12">
			<div class="ledephoto">
				<a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869051/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Since Gov. Greg Abbott signed Senate Bill 4, or the “sanctuary cities” bill into law back in May, friendly conversations with immigrants, including Otoniel Choc pictured above, are harder to come by as many now fear Yañez and his colleagues may pass along their information to immigration officials."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869051/3/rawImage.jpg">
					<i class="fa fa-camera"><span class="gallerydescription">Photo Gallery</span></i>
			</a></div>
			<div class="caption">Yañez patrols the same East Houston streets where he grew up. Stopping traffic to let an elderly woman cross the street, handing out deputy badge stickers to children and solving crimes are all ways Yañez helps the residents he calls neighbors.  “This neighborhood is a part of me,” Yañez said. The distrust he has recently seen in the eyes of those he meets on his routine drive is a personal and professional blow, he said. “The fear I have is that a lot of people are going to become victims and they are going to go underground so they can’t get help,” Yañez added.</div>
		</div>
		<div class="hiddengallery">
			<a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869083/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Yañez walked through the Brookdale Village Apartments answering any questions residents might have on the state’s “sanctuary cities” law that allows officers to ask about a person’s immigration status."><img src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869083/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<a href="http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869062/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="In an effort to ensure immigrants still seek out police officers to provide eye-witness accounts of crimes, and to report when they fall prey to crimes themselves, officers on differential response teams such as Yañez are paying more visits to residences with large immigrant populations. They hope friendly faces and warm greetings serve as the start of re-enforcing, and in some cases rebuilding, bridges between immigrants and law enforcement personnel."><img src="//ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869062/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<a href="http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869050/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Sixto Carrillo, a resident of Houston’s Eastside, often chats with Yañez whenever he spots the officer making his rounds. Lately, Carrillo has been sharing the fears expressed by immigrant neighbors over increasing immigration detentions and how the state’s “sanctuary cities” law could raise those numbers."><img src="//ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869050/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<a href="http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869048/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Carrillo asked Yañez to check if his state identification card is up to date. Though not at risk of deportation, Carrillo still wants to make sure his paperwork is in order."><img src="//ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869048/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<a href="http://ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869066/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption=" Sometimes all you need to do is say hi, Yañez said of what it takes to sustain community relations with immigrants already moving further into the shadows. “You’ve got to show respect to get respect,” he added."><img src="//ww3.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869066/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
			<a href="http://ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869032/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Yañez drives through a Home Depot in southeast Houston where day laborers wait to get picked up for work."><img src="//ww1.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869032/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
			<p class="placeholder"><span>•</span><span>•</span><span>•</span></p>
			<p>At his desk in the Eastside Division substation, Officer Jesus Robles spoke bluntly about SB4.</p>
			<p>This law is "something evil," he said. It targets the vulnerable: the fruit vendor on the corner, the children too afraid to go to school, the fellow parishioners at his church. It will tear families apart and lead to racial profiling.</p>
			<p>It will make his job harder, said Robles, a chaplain who wears a silver crucifix on his uniform pocket and a purple macrame rosary wrapped around his wrist.</p>
			<p>"We are the first line of defense here," he said. "So by making us the persecutors, you've lost that first line of defense. You've lost the integrity of the relationship with the department."</p>
			<p>As part of the Differential Response Team, HPD's version of community-oriented policing, Robles and his partner, Jason Cisneroz, rely on tips from citizens. They need witnesses to come forward. They need victims to report crimes.</p>
			<p>More and more immigrants are simply afraid to risk any contact with police -- with good reason, the officers said.</p>
			<p>"I don't see many white people being asked for their papers," said Robles, a naturalized citizen who crossed the border from Mexico as an infant in his mother's arms. It took nearly 20 years for his family to gain legal status.</p>
			<p>"Or Irish or German immigrants," interjected Cisneroz, who grew up in the predominantly Latino Northside.</p>
			<p>Houston police officials first grasped the panic sweeping across immigrant communities in early May, just after Abbott signed SB4. Robles calls it "the day kids stopped going to school," when dozens of parents, terrified of rumored ICE raids, kept their children home.</p>
			<p>Since then, the Eastside DRT officers have been visiting schools, holding community forums, staging soccer games with teens. Anything they can do to quell the fears.</p>
			<p>Both men joined the department because they wanted to work in community-oriented policing. They had no desire to join a SWAT team or unravel homicides. Robles even jokes that he could barely hold his hand steady the first time he shot a gun at a target range.</p>
			<p>They also don't want to enforce federal immigration law -- something they say would require hours of paperwork, taking them off the streets and alienating them from the community they love serving.</p>
			<p>Not all police officers feel the same. Several metro area police departments say they will comply with SB4 should it fully take effect, and some of Robles and Cisneroz's HPD colleagues have no qualms asking about immigration status.</p>
			<p>"If you want to enforce immigration laws, why don't you join ICE?" Cisneroz tells those officers.</p>
			<p>Then he sends them a link to an ICE job application.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<a href="http://ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869063/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="blocks" data-caption="Fabian Mendoza and his fellow day laborers aren’t convinced by Yañez’s pleas for them to trust him and other police officers."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww4.hdnux.com/photos/64/72/00/13869063/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<a href="http://ww2.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869033/3/rawImage.jpg" data-fancybox="blocks" data-caption="Even when Yañez finds some trust with longtime residents, who at times gift him with goods such as strawberries, he worries it will be short lived."><img class="img-responsive" src="//ww2.hdnux.com/photos/64/71/77/13869033/3/rawImage.jpg"></a>
		</div>
		<div class="col-md-12">
			<div class="caption">“It’s going to get worse,” Yañez said of the fears brewing among Houston’s undocumented community.</div>
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			<p class="placeholder"><span>•</span><span>•</span><span>•</span></p>
			<p>The large McDonald's coffee, loaded with seven creams and eight sugars, had long gone cold by the time Yañez hit the Ashway Apartments.</p>
			<p>He still had three hours to go that early August day. He felt tired. The few sips of caffeine barely registered.</p>
			<p>Some regulars on his route had greeted him as a friend, but there had been plenty of cold shoulders. He's still adjusting.</p>
			<p>Yañez grew up on the Eastside of Houston. At age five, he and his family crossed the border, green cards to their names, to reunite with his father, a U.S. citizen. He learned English by watching Sesame Street. Majored in Mexican American Studies at the University of Houston. Got his citizenship two years before putting on the HPD uniform.</p>
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			<p>He never questioned his ability to earn the Latino community's trust, his community's trust. Until May. Until SB4.</p>
			<p>At the Ashway Apartments, Yañez recognized some of the residents gathered behind a brick archway for a weekly food pantry giveaway. They shop at the taqueria next door, the one he guards as an off-duty gig.</p>
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			<p>"Que tal?" he said, tossing out a hello. He was greeted with silence.</p>
			<p>In May, someone broke into eight cars belonging to the complex's residents and stole several valuables. Yañez knew who the witnesses were, as well as the victims. But when he retrieved some of the stolen goods and went to return them to their rightful owners, no doors opened.</p>
			<p>In any other year, the culprit would be caught in days, he said. Yet after months of meeting with management, stopping by both in and out of uniform, saying hello in chipper Spanish, the case remains open and unsolved.</p>
			<p>As storm clouds swooped in overhead, Yañez chatted with Maria Guerra, a neighbor from across the street who recognized him as the taqueria guard.</p>
			<p>So is the September thing really happening, Guerra asked referring to SB4.</p>
			<p>As far as we know, the officer said.</p>
			<p>Are we OK if we report a crime?</p>
			<p>Yes, Yañez answered.</p>
			<p>Will officers really be asking about our status?</p>
			<p>Our police chief has asked us not to, he replied.</p>
			<p>Yañez returned to his car and buckled in. Guerra scurried over, boxes of strawberries from the food drive in hand. She slipped them through the car window.</p>
			<p>"Oh gracias," Yañez said. Finally, an opening.</p>
			<p>He jotted his cell number on a scrap of paper and passed it over. Maybe Guerra would call. Maybe residents would come forward about the robbery.</p>
			<p>As he drove off, several women, men and children appeared from behind the archway, watching cautiously as the patrol car rolled away.</p>
			<p><em><a href="/author/ileana-najarro/" target="_blank">Ileana Najarro</a> is a business reporter at the Houston Chronicle. She can be reached by email at <a href="mailto:ileana.najarro@chron.com?Subject=Deeper%20Underground">Ileana.Najarro@chron.com</a> or you can follow her on Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/IleanaNajarro" target="_blank">@IleanaNajarro</a>.</em></p>
			<p><em><a href="/author/monica-rhor/" target="_blank">Monica Rhor</a> is a narrative reporter at the Houston Chronicle. She can be reached by email at <a href="mailto:Monica.Rhor@chron.com?Subject=Deeper%20Underground">Monica.Rhor@chron.com</a> or you can follow her on Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/monicarhor" target="_blank">@monicarhor</a>.</em></p>
<hr>
<h2>A New America</h2>
<a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/newamerica/" target="_blank"><img src="//ww2.hdnux.com/photos/66/63/05/14365025/11/rawImage.jpg" width="100%"></a><p></p><h2 class="headline" style="font-size: 25px; margin:1% auto;line-height:30px;"></h2><div style="font-size: 16px; margin: 1% auto; Line-height:21px;color:#999">
Aggressive federal enforcement, controversial laws and heated political rhetoric are pushing Houston’s immigrants – documented and undocumented – deeper into the shadows.<i> <a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/newamerica/" target='_blank"'>Click here</a> to read more stories that show why immigration matters in Houston.</i></div>

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