<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 8 ]>    <html class="ie8"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9 ]>    <html class="ie9"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!-->
<html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0023/2529.js" async="async"></script>

<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1 | ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA | Cambridge Core</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="//dtd.cambridge.org/temp/css/latest/cup-academic-core-JATS-NLM.css" />

<link rel="icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//www.cambridge.org/packages/cambridge_themes/stylesheets/global_nav/v1.2.min.css">
<!--[if (gte IE 10)|!(IE)]><!-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/app.css" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css" />
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!--<![endif]-->



<!--[if lt IE 10]>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/cambridge-core/public/css/ie-8-9.css" />
    <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/ie8-head.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/modernizr/modernizr.js"></script>
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Cambridge Core" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1 | ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA | Cambridge Core" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1 - Volume 38 Issue 1 - Andreas Milidonis, Martin F. Grace" />
<meta property="og:image" content="" />
<meta name="description" content="Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1 - Volume 38 Issue 1 - Andreas Milidonis, Martin F. Grace">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145">
<meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1017/S051503610001504X">
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA">
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cambridge University Press">
<meta name="citation_title" content="Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;#fn01&amp;quot;&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Andreas Milidonis">
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Manchester Accounting and Finance Division">
<meta name="citation_author_email" content="Andreas.Milidonis@mbs.ac.uk">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Martin F. Grace">
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Risk Management &amp;amp; Insurance">
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2008/05">
<meta name="citation_online_date" content="2015/04/01">
<meta name="citation_volume" content="38">
<meta name="citation_issue" content="1">
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="13">
<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="51">
<meta name="citation_issn" content="0515-0361">
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1783-1350">
<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Tax-Deferred Loss Reserve; Catastrophe Financing and Pricing; Extreme Value Theory; Mixture model; Insurance; Reinsurance">
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1017/S051503610001504X">
<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145/S051503610001504Xa.pdf/div-class-title-tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida-a-href-fn01-ref-type-author-notes-1-a-div.pdf">
<link rel="alternate" href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" hreflang="en" /> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function() { (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)} ,i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-86516288-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>
<script>
    var AOP = AOP || {};
    AOP.uiLanguage = 'en' || 'en';
    AOP.uiLanguageSuggested = '';
    AOP.leaveTranslationSuggested = '';
    AOP.isMultilanguageEnabled = 'true';
    AOP.clientSideMultilingualString = '%5B%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94b%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20use%20one%20of%20the%20options%20to%20export%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20a%20formatted%20citation%20or%20use%20one%20of%20the%20options%20to%20export%20in%20your%20chosen%20format%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copiez-collez%20la%20citation%20ou%20utilisez%20une%20des%20options%20ci-dessous%20pour%20l&#x27;exporter%20dans%20le%20format%20de%20votre%20choix%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94c%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Selected%20format%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Selected%20format%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Format%20s%C3%A9lectionn%C3%A9%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94d%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Change%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Change%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Modifier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Download%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Download%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22T%C3%A9l%C3%A9charger%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac950%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Export%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Export%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Exporter%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac94e%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20to%20clipboard%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20to%20clipboard%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copier%20dans%20le%20presse-papier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Collapse%20list%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Collapse%20list%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Replier%20la%20liste%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Expand%20full%20list%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Expand%20full%20list%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22D%C3%A9plier%20la%20liste%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%20all%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%20All%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%20tout%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%20all%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%20All%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9c9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22language%20prompt%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EWe%20notice%20that%20%3Clang%3E%20is%20the%20default%20language%20in%20your%20browser%20settings.%20Would%20you%20like%20to%20view%20this%20site%20in%20%3Clang%3E%3F%3C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EVotre%20navigateur%20indique%20le%20fran%C3%A7ais%20comme%20langue%20par%20defaut.%20Souhaitez%20vous%20consulter%20le%20site%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%3F%3C%2Fp%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ca%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22leaving%20language%20prompt%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22%3Cp%3EThe%20%3Clang%3E%20version%20of%20Cambridge%20Core%20is%20not%20currently%20available%20through%20the%20entire%20site.%20The%20page%20you%20are%20visiting%20is%20not%20available%20in%20%3Clang%3E%20and%20will%20be%20displayed%20in%20English.%3C%2Fp%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22%3Cp%3ELa%20version%20fran%C3%A7aise%20de%20Cambridge%20Core%20n&#x27;est%20actuellement%20pas%20disponible%20%C3%A0%20travers%20l&#x27;int%C3%A9gralit%C3%A9%20du%20site.%20La%20page%20vers%20laquelle%20vous%20vous%20rendez%20n&#x27;est%20pas%20disponible%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%20et%20sera%20affich%C3%A9e%20en%20anglais.%3C%2Fp%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cb%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22close%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Close%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Fermer%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cc%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22accept%20option%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Yes%2C%20please%20switch%20to%20%3Clang%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Oui%2C%20voir%20le%20site%20en%20fran%C3%A7ais%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cd%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22decline%20option%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22No%20thanks%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Non%20merci%20(view%20site%20in%20English)%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ce%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jan%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Jan%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9cf%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Feb%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Feb%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22F%C3%A9v.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d0%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Mar%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Mar%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mars%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Apr%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Apr%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Avr.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d2%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22May%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Mai%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d3%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jun%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juin%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Jul%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Jul%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Juil.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Aug%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Aug%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Ao%C3%BBt%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Sep%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Sep%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Sep.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Oct%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Oct%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Oct.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Nov%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Nov%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Nov.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9d9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Dec%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Metrics%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Dec%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22D%C3%A9c.%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9da%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%20more%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%20more%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%20plus%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9db%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%20fewer%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%20fewer%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%20moins%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9dc%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Sorted%20by%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Sorted%20by%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Tri%C3%A9%20par%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9dd%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Page%2FArticle%20number%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Page%2FArticle%20number%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Page%2Fnum%C3%A9ro%20de%20l&#x27;article%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9de%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Title%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Title%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Titre%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9df%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Type%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Type%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Type%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e0%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Online%20publication%20date%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Online%20publication%20date%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Date%20de%20publication%20en%20ligne%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Publication%20date%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Publication%20date%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Date%20de%20publication%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e2%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%20Altmetric%20attention%20score%20details%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22alt%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%20Altmetric%20attention%20score%20details%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%20le%20d%C3%A9tail%20du%20score%20d&#x27;attention%20Altmetric%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e3%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Citation%20Tools%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Export%20citation%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Citation%20Tools%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Outils%20bibliographiques%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e4%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22View%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%20with%20hyperlink%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22View%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Voir%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20entry%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%20with%20hyperlink%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Search%20journal%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22contextual%20search%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22searchbox%20placeholder%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Search%20%3CJnlTitle%3E%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Chercher%20dans%20%3CJnlTitle%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e7%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Search%20society%20content%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22contextual%20search%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22searchbox%20placeholder%20text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Search%20%3CSocietyName%3E%20content%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Chercher%20le%20contenu%20de%20%3CSocietyName%3E%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Relevance%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Sorting%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Relevance%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Pertinence%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9e9%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Delete%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Recommend%20to%20librarian%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Delete%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Supprimer%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9ea%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Access%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Refine%20listing%20options%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Access%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Acc%C3%A8s%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f1%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Show%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Show%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Afficher%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f5%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22replies%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22replies%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22r%C3%A9ponses%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f6%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22reply%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22reply%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22r%C3%A9ponse%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063ac9f8%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Article%20eLetters%20tab%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Hide%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Dissimuler%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca29%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Share%20content%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Share%20content%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Partager%20cet%20article%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2b%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content.%20For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20the%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Anyone%20you%20share%20the%20following%20link%20with%20will%20be%20able%20to%20freely%20read%20this%20content.%20For%20more%20information%2C%20please%20view%20the%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Tous%20ceux%20avec%20qui%20vous%20partagez%20ce%20lien%20obtiendront%20un%20acc%C3%A8s%20gratuit%20%C3%A0%20cet%20article.%20Pour%20plus%20d&#x27;information%2C%20veuillez%20svp%20consulter%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2d%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22OR%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22OR%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22OU%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca30%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22The%20content%20link%20has%20been%20copied%20to%20your%20clipboard%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20view%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22The%20content%20link%20has%20been%20copied%20to%20your%20clipboard%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Le%20lien%20a%20%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20copi%C3%A9%20dans%20votre%20presse-papier%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2e%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Share%20via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Share%20via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Partager%20par%20e-mail%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2c%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Cambridge%20University%20Press%20content%20sharing%20policy%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Cambridge%20University%20Press%20content%20sharing%20policy.%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22la%20politique%20de%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%20sur%20le%20partage%20(en%20anglais).%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2a%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20content%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Copy%20and%20paste%20the%20content%20link%20or%20use%20the%20option%20below%20to%20share%20it%20via%20email%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Copiez-collez%20ce%20lien%20ou%20cliquez%20le%20bouton%20ci-dessous%20pour%20envoyer%20un%20email%20contenant%20le%20lien%22%7D%2C%7B%22_id%22%3A%225a7c10d5ab0af516063aca2f%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Cancel%22%2C%22area%22%3A%22Client%20side%22%2C%22element%22%3A%22Share%20modal%22%2C%22category%22%3A%22button%20label%22%2C%22en%22%3A%22Cancel%22%2C%22fr%22%3A%22Annuler%22%7D%5D';
  </script>
</head>
<body>
<a id="skiptocontent" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a>
<div class="cookie-message">
<div class="row">
<div class="small-11 columns">
<p>We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to <a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/cookies-policy/" target="_blank">manage your cookie settings</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="small-1 columns">
<a href="#" onclick="closeMessage();" class="cookie-close">
<!--[if IE 8 ]>
                  <img alt = "Close cookie message" title = "Close cookie message" src = "/core/cambridge-core/public/images/icn_circle__btn_close_white.png">
                  <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!-->
<img alt="Close cookie message" title="Close cookie message" src="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/icn_circle__btn_close_white.svg">
<!--<![endif]-->
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
  var cookieMessage = $('.cookie-message');
  var cookieName = 'EULAW';
  var closeMessage = function () {
      $.cookie(cookieName, true, {expires: 365, path:'/'});
      cookieMessage.slideUp().promise().done(function () {
          cookieMessage.remove();
      });
  };
  $(document).ready(function () {
      if ($.cookie(cookieName) !== 'true') {
          cookieMessage.slideDown();
      }
  });
  </script>
<div id="login-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal>
<div class="wrapper large-margin-top-for-small-only">
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="panel callout message"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a href="#" onclick="$('#login-modal').foundation('reveal', 'close');return false;" class="right small button radius transparent cancel">Cancel</a></div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<a href="/core/login?ref=%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fastin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa%2Farticle%2Ftax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1%2F141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" class="left small radius button blue confirm login">Log in</a>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">&#215;</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="multilingual-suggestion-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal>
<div class="wrapper large-margin-top-for-small-only">
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-message" class="panel callout message"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-decline-option" href="#" class="right small button radius transparent cancel"></a></div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<a id="multilingual-suggestion-modal-accept-option" href="#" class="left small radius button blue confirm login"></a>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">&#215;</a>
</div>
</div>
<header>
<div class="contain-to-grid" id="mainWrapper">
<!--[if IE 7]>
    <div id="global-nav" style="display: none"></div>
      <![endif]-->
<!--[if gte IE 8]><!-->
<div id="global-nav"></div>
<!--<![endif]-->
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="off-canvas-wrap desktop overflow-visible">
<div class="inner-wrap">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row print-only">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<img src="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/logo_core.png" class="core-logo" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
<section class="sub-header slide-up">
<div class="row">
<div class="column">
<a href="/core/">
<div class="logo-core "><span class="show-for-sr">Home</span></div>
</a>
<form class="subject-search search-form prevent-empty-search no-margin-right" action="/core/search" method="GET">
<div class="row">
<div class="row collapse postfix-radius">
<div class="submit-in-field js-outglow-parent clearfix">
<div class="small-10 columns">
<input type="text" name="q" value="" autocomplete="off" class=" js-outglow prefix-radius" placeholder="Search all journal & book content
                              " aria-label="Search all journal & book content
                              ">
</div>
<div class="small-2 columns">
<input type="submit" value="Submit search" class="button postfix">
</div>
</div>

<label class="accessible"><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox" value="value">Only search content I have access to</label>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="menu secondary">
<div class="row wrapper">
<div class="column">
<ul>
<li><a href="#" class="menu-icon" aria-label="open site navigation"></a></li>
<li class="logo-core show-for-small-only "><span class="show-for-sr">Home</span></li>
</ul>
<ul class="sub-nav  dropdown-menu-mobile" role="menu">
<li class="show-for-small"><a href="/core/login?ref=">Log in</a></li>
<li class="show-for-small"><a href="/core/register">Register</a></li>

<li><a href="/core/browse-subjects" class="no-padding-left-for-large">Browse subjects</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/what-we-publish">What we publish</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/services">Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/about">About Cambridge Core</a></li>
<li class="show-for-small"><a href="/core/cart">
<span class="icon"></span>
<span>Cart</span>
<span class="no-of-items kkPopupCartTilePlaceholder"></span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="right">
<ul class="show-for-small-only profile-mobile">
<li>
<a href="#" class="menu-icon account menu account-loggedin identities no-logo"><img src="" /></a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" class="button transparent radius search-small" aria-label="open site search"><span class="icon mobile-search grey"></span></a></li>

</ul>
<ul class="sub-nav dropdown-menu-mobile profile" role="menu">
<li class="hide-for-personal institution-name access-provided-by">
<a href="#" class="name hide-for-small" id="institution-current">Access provided by</a>
<ul id="institutions-dropdown" class="f-dropdown hide-for-small" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">
<li class="institution">
<span><img src="//s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static.idm.prod-a.aop.cambridge.org/identity_57d316eae4b060dd0b14ef65.gif" alt="University Libraries - Virginia Tech" /></span>
<a class="display-name-8a94032b5413f99901541400e2810db4" href="http://www.lib.vt.edu" target="_blank">University Libraries - Virginia Tech
</a>
</li>
<li class="institution">
<a class="display-name-8a94032b54118147015413911bc70410" data-no-link>VIVA
</a>
</li>
<li><a class="button small blue radius" href="/core/login#institution-login">Manage institution login</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="show-for-small hide-for-personal institutions">
<li><a href="#">Logged in as:</a></li>
<li class="institution">
<span><img src="//s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static.idm.prod-a.aop.cambridge.org/identity_57d316eae4b060dd0b14ef65.gif" alt="University Libraries - Virginia Tech" /></span>
<a class="display-name-8a94032b5413f99901541400e2810db4" href="http://www.lib.vt.edu" target="_blank">University Libraries - Virginia Tech
</a>
</li>
<li class="institution">
<a class="display-name-8a94032b54118147015413911bc70410" data-no-link>VIVA
</a>
</li>
<li><a class="button small blue radius" href="/core/login#institution-login">Manage institution login</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="hide-for-personal hide-for-small institution-primary-logo" style="display:none">
<a href="#"></a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="hide-for-small register">
 <a href="/core/register?ref=%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fastin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa%2Farticle%2Ftax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1%2F141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" class="button small radius transparent">Register</a>
</li>
<li class="hide-for-identities hide-for-medium-up">
<a href="/core/register?ref=%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fastin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa%2Farticle%2Ftax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1%2F141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145">Register</a>
</li>
<li class="hide-for-identities">
<a href="/core/login?ref=%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fastin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa%2Farticle%2Ftax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1%2F141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" class="button small radius blue">Log in</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="hide-for-small cart"><a href="/core/cart">
<span class="icon"></span>
<span>Cart</span>
<span class="no-of-items kkPopupCartTilePlaceholder"></span>
</a>
</li>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="breadcrumbs-wrapper smaller">
<div class="row">
<ul class="large-2 column backToSearch hide">
<li>
<a href="#">&lt; Back to search results</a>
</li>
</ul>
<script type="text/javascript">
        var searchResultKey = 'fromSearch';
        var $backToSearch = $('.backToSearch');
        var fromSearch = localStorage.getItem(searchResultKey);
    
        if (fromSearch) {
          $backToSearch.find('li a').attr('href', fromSearch);
          $backToSearch.removeClass('hide');
          localStorage.removeItem(searchResultKey);
        }
    </script>
<ul class="large-8 medium-7 small-8 column breadcrumbs">
<li><a href="/core/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/core/what-we-publish/journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa">ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA</a></li><li><a href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/issue/F186A21311947676DD137693E266D761">Volume 38 Issue 1</a></li><li class="current"><a href="#">Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catast...</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="large-2 medium-2 column right multi-language-select-wrapper">
<li class=" multi-language-select">
<a href="#" onclick="switchLanguage('en')" class="active">English</a>
<span>|</span>
<a href="#" onclick="switchLanguage('fr')" class="">Français</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<div class="flash-message-container">
<div class="flash-message">
<div id="ajaxMessages" class="ajaxMessages"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-wrapper">
<section class="banner article small  society-logo-exists" style="background-image: url(/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/56d07f7fcd5c910c60f0d0d4)">
<div class="content">
<div class="center-all-container">
<div class="center-all">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-6 medium-6 small-12 column banner-title">
<div class="title title-left black">ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the&nbsp;IAA</div>
</div>
<div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 column society-logo">
<a title="Published on behalf of The International Actuarial Association" href=" http://www.actuaries.org/" target="_blank">
<img title="Published on behalf of The International Actuarial Association" src="/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/589072f95f79686d46312108" alt="International Actuarial Association logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="large-4 medium-4 small-12 column hide-for-print">
<form action="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/listing" method="GET" class="search-form">
<div class="row">
<div class=" columns ">
<div class="row collapse postfix-radius search-input js-outglow-parent">
<div class="small-10 columns">
<input type="text" name="q" value="" autocomplete="off" class=" js-outglow prefix-radius" placeholder="      Search ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA
                                              " aria-label="      Search ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA
                                              ">
<input type="hidden" name="searchWithinIds" id="searchWithinIds" value="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59" />
</div>
<div class="small-2 columns">
<input type="submit" value="Submit search" class="button postfix">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="column large-12 page-tabs">
<div class="row">
<div class="tab-title current-mobile hide-for-large-up">
<a href="">Article</a>
<div class="blue-square"><a href="" class="icon arrow"></a></div>
</div>
<ul class="tabs" data-tab data-options="deep_linking:true; scroll_to_content:false">
<li class="tab-title active"><a href="#information">Article</a></li>
<li class="tab-title"><a href="#metrics">Metrics</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="social white right hide-for-small hide-for-medium">
<li>
<a href="#" data-prod-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" onclick="return false;" data-hasqtip="Bookmark added. Go to My account to manage bookmarked content." aria-describedby="qtip-text" class="icon is-bookmarked bookmark active" style="display:none"></a>
<a href="#" data-hasqtip="Add bookmark" aria-describedby="qtip-text" data-prod-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" data-prod-type="JOURNAL_ARTICLE" data-bookmark class="icon not-bookmarked bookmark requires-login"></a>
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="CQskNuwC--2QemHvMK9PhaJN4I18dXh-s9ss">
</li>
<li>
<a href="/core/my-core/personal/alerts" data-hasqtip="Alert added. Go to My account to manage alert preferences." aria-describedby="qtip-text" data-prod-id="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59" class="icon alert alert-stored active" style="display:none"></a>
<a href="#" data-content-alert data-hasqtip="Add alert" aria-describedby="qtip-text" data-prod-id="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59" data-prod-type="JOURNAL" data-prod-mnemonic="ASB" data-prod-title="ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA" class="icon alert alert-not-stored"></a>
</li>
<li class="share-container">
<a href="#" class="icon share" data-hasqtip="Share" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Share"></a>
<ul style="display: none" class="social-share-options ">
<li>
</li>
<li class="addthis-core-wrapper addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tabs-content" id="maincontent">
<div class="content active" id="information">
<section class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="split-panel opposite-cols">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="page-operatives enable-full-width margin-top-for-small margin-top-for-medium">
<div class="small-12 large-9 column main-column">
</div>
<div class="small-12 large-3 large-offset-9 narrow-column hide-for-medium hide-for-small">
<ul class="text-resizer-controls left">
<li>
<ul id="text-resizer-controls" class="textresizer ">
<li>
<a href="#" class="standard-text textresizer-active" aria-label="decrease text size">Aa</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#" class="large-text" aria-label="increase text size">Aa</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="right">
<li>
<a href="#" class="icon toggle close" aria-label="toggle visibility of right side bar"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel large-9 small-12 column main-column article-page left">
<ul class="social white left hide-for-large-up">
<li>
<a href="#" data-prod-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" onclick="return false;" class="icon is-bookmarked bookmark active" style="display:none"></a>
<a href="#" data-prod-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" data-prod-type="JOURNAL_ARTICLE" data-bookmark class="icon not-bookmarked bookmark requires-login"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/core/my-core/personal/alerts" data-prod-id="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59" class="icon alert alert-stored active" style="display:none"></a>
<a href="#" data-content-alert data-prod-id="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59" data-prod-type="JOURNAL" data-prod-mnemonic="ASB" data-prod-title="ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA" class="icon alert alert-not-stored"></a>
</li>
<li class="share-container">
<a href="#" class="icon share" data-hasqtip="Share" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Share"></a>
<ul style="display: none" class="social-share-options ">
<li>
</li>
<li class="addthis-core-wrapper addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="article-meta overview">
<ul class="access">
<li class="citation"></span>Cited by <a href="#" data-reveal-id="productCitations"><span class="number">2</span></a></li>
<li>
<div id="productCitations" class="reveal-modal medium" data-reveal>
<div class="header">
<div class="heading_07 margin-bottom">Cited by</div>
</div>
<div class="row collapse header margin-top productCitations-content">
<ul class="small-12 small-centered columns citations">
<li class="fade-in section-container active">
<a href="#" class="section-button" data-id="article-home-crossref-citations">
<div class="circular medium citation">
<img src="https://assets.crossref.org/logo/crossref-logo-100.png" alt="Crossref logo">

<span class="citation-count">2</span>
</div>
</a>
</li>
<li class="fade-in section-container">
<a href="#" class="section-button" data-id="article-home-scholar-citations">
<div class="circular medium citation">
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Google_Scholar_logo_2015.PNG" alt="Google Scholar logo">
</div>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="row wrapper no-padding-top section-content">
<div class="small-10 small-centered columns">
<section class="content" id="article-home-crossref-citations">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="panel margin-top-small citation-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="medium-12 columns">
<div class="print-only print-heading margin-bottom-large">Crossref Citations</div>
<div class="row margin-bottom">
<div class="small-1 columns">
<a href="http://www.crossref.org/citedby/index.html" target="_blank">
<img src="http://assets.crossref.org/logo/crossref-logo-100.png" alt="Crossref logo">
</a>
</div>
<div class="small-11 columns">
<h5 class="heading_10">This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by <a href="http://www.crossref.org/citedby/index.html" target="_blank">CrossRef</a>.</h5>
</div>
</div>
<hr />

<p class="reference-display">
Milidonis, Andreas
and
Efthymiou, Maria
2017.
Mortality Leads and Lags.
<i>Journal of Risk and Insurance</i>,
Vol. 84,
Issue. S1,
p.
495.
</p>
<ul class="reference-list">
<li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12187" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://su8bj7jh4j.search.serialssolutions.com/?genre=article&amp;au=Milidonis%20%20Andreas&amp;date=2017&amp;spage=495&amp;doi=10.1111/jori.12187&amp;sid=www.cambridge.org&amp;title=Journal%20of%20Risk%20and%20Insurance&amp;atitle=Mortality%20Leads%20and%20Lags&amp;jtitle=Journal%20of%20Risk%20and%20Insurance&amp;volume=84&amp;issue=S1" target="_blank" alt="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech" title="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech">
<img class="openurl-image" src="//s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static.idm.prod-a.aop.cambridge.org/identity_57d31745e4b0b4d2b4fb4c68.gif" alt="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech" />
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Mortality+Leads+and+Lags&amp;author=Milidonis+Andreas&amp;author=Efthymiou+Maria&amp;publication_year=2017" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />

<p class="reference-display">
Kamiya, Shinichi
and
Milidonis, Andreas
2016.
Actuarial Independence and Managerial Discretion.
<i>Journal of Risk and Insurance</i>,
</p>
<ul class="reference-list">
<li><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jori.12199" target="_blank">CrossRef</a></li>
<li>
<a href="http://su8bj7jh4j.search.serialssolutions.com/?genre=article&amp;au=Kamiya%20%20Shinichi&amp;date=2016&amp;doi=10.1111/jori.12199&amp;sid=www.cambridge.org&amp;title=Journal%20of%20Risk%20and%20Insurance&amp;atitle=Actuarial%20Independence%20and%20Managerial%20Discretion&amp;jtitle=Journal%20of%20Risk%20and%20Insurance" target="_blank" alt="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech" title="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech">
<img class="openurl-image" src="//s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/static.idm.prod-a.aop.cambridge.org/identity_57d31745e4b0b4d2b4fb4c68.gif" alt="Find at University Libraries - Virginia Tech" />
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Actuarial+Independence+and+Managerial+Discretion&amp;author=Kamiya+Shinichi&amp;author=Milidonis+Andreas&amp;publication_year=2016" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section style="display:none" class="content" id="article-home-scholar-citations">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="panel margin-top-small citation-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="medium-12 columns">
<div class="print-only print-heading margin-bottom-large">Google Scholar Citations</div>
<p>View all <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&cites=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" target="_blank">Google Scholar citations</a> for this article.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section style="display:none" class="content" id="article-home-scopus-citations">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="panel margin-top-small citation-container">
<div class="row">
<div class="medium-12 columns">
<div class="print-only print-heading margin-bottom-large">Scopus Citations</div>
<p><a href="" target="_blank">View all citations for
this article on Scopus</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a>
</div>
<script>
                                      $(document).ready(function () {
                                        $('#productCitations .section-button').on('click', function (e) {
                                          e.preventDefault();
                                          var id = $(this).attr('data-id');
                                          $('.section-content section').hide();
                                          $('.section-container').removeClass('active');
                                          $(this).parent('.section-container').addClass('active');
                                          $('#' + id).show();
                                        });
                                      });
                                    </script>
<style>
                                      .productCitations-content li {
                                    
                                      }
                                    </style>
</li>
<div class="access-modal">
<li class="status entitled">
<span class="entitled" title="You have access to this product">Access</span>
<span class="icon access entitled cursorDefault" title="You have access to this product"></span>
</li>
<li class="status open-access">
</li>
</div>
</ul>
<ul class="title-volume-issue">
<li class="title ">
<a class="force-inline" title="Volume 38 " href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/volume/A279855F0299229602982ED7FDB3E42D">Volume 38</a>,
<a class="force-inline" title="Issue 1 " href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/issue/F186A21311947676DD137693E266D761">Issue 1 </a>
</li>
<li class="published">
<span class="date"> May 2008</span>
<span class="date">, pp. 13-51</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="Top" class="reading-width">
<div class="article-page">
<div class="overview no-margin-bottom">
<div class="divider print-only margin-top-large"></div>
<h1 class="article-title">Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida<a href="#fn01">1</a></h1>
<ul class="details no-padding-bottom">
<li id="author-984ea78b6908e40d4a5d2c9d1f9f11de" class="author">
<a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Andreas Milidonis&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Andreas Milidonis</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup><span class="separator "> and </span><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martin F. Grace&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Martin F. Grace</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a2" class="">(a2)</sup>
<i class="icon open-drawer small toggle-affiliations" aria-label="View all author information"></i>
</li>
<div id="author-affiliations-984ea78b6908e40d4a5d2c9d1f9f11de" style="display:none" class="margin-bottom margin-top">
<ul class="full-contributor-listing">
<li id="a1" class="contributor-affiliation"><strong><sup>(a1)</sup></strong> <div><div class="aff"><institution type='simple'>Manchester Accounting and Finance Division</institution>, <institution type='simple'>Manchester Business School</institution>, <institution type='simple'>University of Manchester</institution>, <addrLine>Crawford House</addrLine>, <addrLine>Booth Street East</addrLine>, <addrLine>Manchester</addrLine>, <addrLine>M13 9PL</addrLine>, <addrLine>U.K.</addrLine>, <addrLine>Tel.: +44(0)161-275-3936</addrLine>; E-Mail: <email type='simple'>Andreas.Milidonis@mbs.ac.uk</email></div></div></li><li id="a2" class="contributor-affiliation"><strong><sup>(a2)</sup></strong> <div><div class="aff"><institution type='simple'>Department of Risk Management & Insurance</institution>, <institution type='simple'>Georgia State University</institution></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>

<script>
                                              $('#author-984ea78b6908e40d4a5d2c9d1f9f11de i').on('click', function (e) {
                                                e.preventDefault();
                                                var $authorAffiliations = $('#author-affiliations-984ea78b6908e40d4a5d2c9d1f9f11de');
                                                var $authorList = $('#author-984ea78b6908e40d4a5d2c9d1f9f11de');
                                                var $hiddenAuthors = $authorList.find('.hidden-author');
                                                var $button = $(this);
                                                $authorAffiliations.toggle();
                                                $button.toggleClass('close');
                                                $hiddenAuthors.toggleClass('hide');
                                                if ($authorAffiliations.is(':visible')) {
                                                  $button.attr('aria-label', 'Hide all author information');
                                                } else {
                                                  $button.attr('aria-label', 'View all author information');
                                                }
                                              });
                                            </script>
<li>
<ul class="article-components">
<li class="source"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X" target="_blank" class="url doi">https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X</a></li>
<li class="published">Published online: <span class="date"> 01 April 2015</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="overview article-overview">
<div class="abstract-text">
<div class="divider less-space"> </div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns abstract-title-wrapper">
<div id="abstract" class="summary-title">Abstract</div>
</div>
<div class="large-10 medium-10 small-12 columns">
<div class="description">
<div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p>After Hurricane Andrew the U.S. Congress entertained proposals to allow insurers to employ tax-deferred loss reserves. Interest was strong at first, but as the events receded interest waned. However, after the most recent severe hurricane seasons the proposals are again being discussed. In this paper we examine the institution of catastrophe loss reserves in a stylized model of insurance provisions. First, we find that the benefits of the tax-deferred loss reserves depend on the actuarial assumptions regarding the expected loss distribution. Second, we make the first attempt at estimating the change in consumer behavior and the social welfare implications for permitting tax deferred loss reserves. In sum, we find under specific circumstances there are large welfare gains for allowing the tax deferral of reserves.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divider less-space"> </div>
<div class="article-actions">
<div>
<ul class="file-actions">
<li>
<ul class="tabs grey download-types">

<li>

<a href="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145/S051503610001504Xa.pdf/taxdeductible_preevent_catastrophe_loss_reserves_the_case_of_florida1.pdf" data-pdf-content-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="Download PDF" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Download PDF">
<div class="icon pdf"></div>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" data-reveal-id="kindleModal" data-hasqtip="Send to Kindle" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Send to Kindle"><div class="icon kindle"></div></a></li>
<li><a href="#" data-reveal-id="googleDriveModal" data-hasqtip="Send to Google Drive" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Send to Google Drive"><div class="icon google-drive"></div></a></li>
<li><a href="#" data-reveal-id="dropboxModal" data-hasqtip="Send to Dropbox" aria-describedby="qtip-text" aria-label="Send to Dropbox"><div class="icon dropbox"></div></a></li>
<div id="kindleModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal>
<div class="header">
<div class="heading_07">Send article to Kindle</div>
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom">
<p>To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.
<a href="/core/help">Find out more about sending to your Kindle</a>.
</p>
<p>
Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
</p>
<p>
Find out more about the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=kinw_myk_wl_ln?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200767340#fees" target="_blank">Kindle Personal Document Service.</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-title">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="heading_08"><div class="title">Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida<a href='fn01' ref-type='author-notes'>1</a></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-details book-overview">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<ul>
<li class="volume-issue">Volume 38, <a href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/issue/F186A21311947676DD137693E266D761">Issue 1</a></li>
<li class="author">
<a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Andreas Milidonis&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Andreas Milidonis</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup><span class="separator "> and </span><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martin F. Grace&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Martin F. Grace</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a2" class="">(a2)</sup>
</li>
<li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row wrapper no-padding-top">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<form id="sendTokindleForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET">
<fieldset>
<legend>
<label for="kindleEmailAddress">Your Kindle email address</label>
</legend>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-6 columns">
<input name="kindleEmailAddress" id="kindleEmailAddress" type="text" value="" required="required" />
<small class="error kindleEmailAddress" style="display:none">Please provide your Kindle email.</small>
</div>
<div class="large-6 columns">
<label class="dInlineBlock"><input name="kindleEmailDomain" type="radio" checked="checked" value="free.kindle.com" />@free.kindle.com</label>
<label class="dInlineBlock"><input name="kindleEmailDomain" type="radio" value="kindle.com" />@kindle.com (<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/ref=kinw_myk_wl_ln?ie=UTF8&nodeId=200767340#fees" target="_blank">service fees apply</a>)</label>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<fieldset>
<legend>Available formats</legend>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF
</label>
<small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to send.</small>
</fieldset>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<label for="usagePolicykindle">
<input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicykindle" id="usagePolicykindle" value="Usage" required />
By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services.
<small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small>
</label>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" />
<input type="hidden" name="service" value="kindle" />
<input type="hidden" name="documents" value="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="CQskNuwC--2QemHvMK9PhaJN4I18dXh-s9ss">
</form>

<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button>
</div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTokindleForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left">
Send
</button>
</div>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
                                                                      $('#sendTokindleForm').on('submit', validatekindleForm);
                                                                    
                                                                      var _formkindle = $('#sendTokindleForm');
                                                                    
                                                                      function resetValidationkindleForm() {
                                                                        var _form = _formkindle;
                                                                        _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatekindleFormats(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formkindle;
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked');
                                                                        if (formats.length < 1) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatekindleUsagePolicy(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formkindle;
                                                                        var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicykindle"]');
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validateKindleEmail(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formkindle;
                                                                        var kindleEmailAddress = _form.find('input[name="kindleEmailAddress"]');
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                    
                                                                        if (!kindleEmailAddress.val().trim()) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.kindleEmailAddress').show();
                                                                          kindleEmailAddress.addClass('error');
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.kindleEmailAddress').hide();
                                                                          kindleEmailAddress.removeClass('error');
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatekindleForm(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formkindle;
                                                                        var resultPolicy = validatekindleUsagePolicy();
                                                                        var resultFormats = validatekindleFormats();
                                                                    
                                                                        if (resultPolicy) {
                                                                          $('#usagePolicykindle', _form).one('change', validatekindleUsagePolicy);
                                                                        }
                                                                        if (resultFormats) {
                                                                          $('.formats', _form).one('change', validatekindleFormats);
                                                                        }
                                                                    
                                                                        var resultKindleEmail = validateKindleEmail(e);
                                                                        if (resultKindleEmail) {
                                                                          $('input[name="kindleEmailAddress"]', _form).one('change', validateKindleEmail);
                                                                        }
                                                                    
                                                                        return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats  && !resultKindleEmail;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      $(document).ready(function () {
                                                                        // reset validation when the modal opens
                                                                        $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () {
                                                                          resetValidationkindleForm();
                                                                    
                                                                          // automatically select if there's only one format
                                                                          if ($('#sendTokindleForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) {
                                                                            $('#sendTokindleForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true);
                                                                          }
                                                                        });
                                                                      });
                                                                    
                                                                    </script>
<div id="dropboxModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal>
<div class="header">
<div class="heading_07">Send article to Dropbox</div>
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom">
<p>
To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your &lt;service&gt; account.
<a href="/core/help">Find out more about sending content to Dropbox</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-title">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="heading_08"><div class="title">Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida<a href='fn01' ref-type='author-notes'>1</a></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-details book-overview">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<ul>
<li class="volume-issue">Volume 38, <a href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/issue/F186A21311947676DD137693E266D761">Issue 1</a></li>
<li class="author">
<a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Andreas Milidonis&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Andreas Milidonis</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup><span class="separator "> and </span><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martin F. Grace&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Martin F. Grace</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a2" class="">(a2)</sup>
</li>
<li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row wrapper no-padding-top">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<form id="sendTodropboxForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<fieldset>
<legend>Available formats</legend>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF
</label>
<small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to send.</small>
</fieldset>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<label for="usagePolicydropbox">
<input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicydropbox" id="usagePolicydropbox" value="Usage" required />
By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services.
<small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small>
</label>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" />
<input type="hidden" name="service" value="dropbox" />
<input type="hidden" name="documents" value="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="CQskNuwC--2QemHvMK9PhaJN4I18dXh-s9ss">
</form>

<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button>
</div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTodropboxForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left">
Send
</button>
</div>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
                                                                      $('#sendTodropboxForm').on('submit', validatedropboxForm);
                                                                    
                                                                      var _formdropbox = $('#sendTodropboxForm');
                                                                    
                                                                      function resetValidationdropboxForm() {
                                                                        var _form = _formdropbox;
                                                                        _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatedropboxFormats(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formdropbox;
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked');
                                                                        if (formats.length < 1) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatedropboxUsagePolicy(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formdropbox;
                                                                        var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicydropbox"]');
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      function validatedropboxForm(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formdropbox;
                                                                        var resultPolicy = validatedropboxUsagePolicy();
                                                                        var resultFormats = validatedropboxFormats();
                                                                    
                                                                        if (resultPolicy) {
                                                                          $('#usagePolicydropbox', _form).one('change', validatedropboxUsagePolicy);
                                                                        }
                                                                        if (resultFormats) {
                                                                          $('.formats', _form).one('change', validatedropboxFormats);
                                                                        }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                        return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats ;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      $(document).ready(function () {
                                                                        // reset validation when the modal opens
                                                                        $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () {
                                                                          resetValidationdropboxForm();
                                                                    
                                                                          // automatically select if there's only one format
                                                                          if ($('#sendTodropboxForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) {
                                                                            $('#sendTodropboxForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true);
                                                                          }
                                                                        });
                                                                      });
                                                                    
                                                                    </script>
<div id="googleDriveModal" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal>
<div class="header">
<div class="heading_07">Send article to Google Drive</div>
</div>
<div class="panel">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns margin-bottom">
<p>
To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your &lt;service&gt; account.
<a href="/core/help">Find out more about sending content to Google Drive</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-title">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="heading_08"><div class="title">Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida<a href='fn01' ref-type='author-notes'>1</a></div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-details book-overview">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<ul>
<li class="volume-issue">Volume 38, <a href="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/issue/F186A21311947676DD137693E266D761">Issue 1</a></li>
<li class="author">
<a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Andreas Milidonis&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Andreas Milidonis</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a1" class="">(a1)</sup><span class="separator "> and </span><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Martin F. Grace&eventCode=SE-AU" class="more-by-this-author ">Martin F. Grace</a> <sup data-affiliation-id="a2" class="">(a2)</sup>
</li>
<li class="meta-info">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X" target="_blank" class="url">https://doi.org/10.1017/S051503610001504X</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row wrapper no-padding-top">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<form id="sendTogoogleDriveForm" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/sendto" method="GET">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<fieldset>
<legend>Available formats</legend>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="formats" class="formats" value="pdf" required /> PDF
</label>
<small class="error formats" style="display:none">Please select a format to send.</small>
</fieldset>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<label for="usagePolicygoogleDrive">
<input type="checkbox" name="usagePolicygoogleDrive" id="usagePolicygoogleDrive" value="Usage" required />
By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services.
<small class="error usagePolicy" style="display:none">Please confirm that you accept the terms of use.</small>
</label>
</div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="suppressTrackingEvent" value="false" />
<input type="hidden" name="service" value="googleDrive" />
<input type="hidden" name="documents" value="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="finalReturn" value="/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145" />
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="CQskNuwC--2QemHvMK9PhaJN4I18dXh-s9ss">
</form>

<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button href="#" class="button radius transparent right closeModal">Cancel</button>
</div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button type="submit" onClick="$('#sendTogoogleDriveForm').submit();" class="button blue radius left">
Send
</button>
</div>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
                                                                      $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm').on('submit', validategoogleDriveForm);
                                                                    
                                                                      var _formgoogleDrive = $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm');
                                                                    
                                                                      function resetValidationgoogleDriveForm() {
                                                                        var _form = _formgoogleDrive;
                                                                        _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validategoogleDriveFormats(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formgoogleDrive;
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        var formats = _form.find('input[name="formats"]:checked');
                                                                        if (formats.length < 1) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.formats').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                      function validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formgoogleDrive;
                                                                        var usagePolicy = _form.find('input[name="usagePolicygoogleDrive"]');
                                                                        var errors = false;
                                                                        if (!usagePolicy.is(':checked')) {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').show();
                                                                          errors = true;
                                                                        } else {
                                                                          _form.find('.error.usagePolicy').hide();
                                                                        }
                                                                        return errors;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      function validategoogleDriveForm(e) {
                                                                        var _form = _formgoogleDrive;
                                                                        var resultPolicy = validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy();
                                                                        var resultFormats = validategoogleDriveFormats();
                                                                    
                                                                        if (resultPolicy) {
                                                                          $('#usagePolicygoogleDrive', _form).one('change', validategoogleDriveUsagePolicy);
                                                                        }
                                                                        if (resultFormats) {
                                                                          $('.formats', _form).one('change', validategoogleDriveFormats);
                                                                        }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                        return !resultPolicy && !resultFormats ;
                                                                      }
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                      $(document).ready(function () {
                                                                        // reset validation when the modal opens
                                                                        $(document).on('open.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function () {
                                                                          resetValidationgoogleDriveForm();
                                                                    
                                                                          // automatically select if there's only one format
                                                                          if ($('#sendTogoogleDriveForm input[name="formats"]').length === 1) {
                                                                            $('#sendTogoogleDriveForm input[name="formats"]').prop('checked', true);
                                                                          }
                                                                        });
                                                                      });
                                                                    
                                                                    </script>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="other-actions col-1">
<a href="#" class="button small radius blue export-citation-product" data-prod-id="141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145">Export citation</a>
</ul>
<ul class="other-actions col-2">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divider"> </div>
</div>
<div class="overview article-overview">
<div id="author" class="summary-title">Copyright</div>
<div class="description">
<div class="copyright">COPYRIGHT: © ASTIN Bulletin 2008</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divider"> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="recommendProduct" class="reveal-modal large" data-reveal>
<div id="type-display">
<div class="header">
<div class="heading_07">Recommend this journal</div>
<p>Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation&#x27;s collection.</p>
</div>
<div class="row book-title">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="heading_08">ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row book-details book-overview">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<ul>
<li class="meta-info issn">ISSN: 0515-0361<li>
<li class="meta-info eissn">EISSN: 1783-1350<li>
<li class="meta-info url">URL: /core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa<li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row wrapper no-padding-top">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<div class="flash-message-container">
<div class="flash-message">
<div id="ajaxMessages" class="ajaxMessages"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<form id="recommend" action="/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/recommend/send" method="post" data-abide="ajax">
<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="CQskNuwC--2QemHvMK9PhaJN4I18dXh-s9ss">
<div id="inputs">
<input type="hidden" name="productType" value="journal">
<input type="hidden" name="productLink" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="productID" value="0D39E69259D743808B3E65A64F949B59">
<input type="hidden" name="productTitle" value="ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA">
<input type="hidden" name="productIssn" value="05150361">
<input type="hidden" name="productEissn" value="17831350">
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="yourNamePrefill" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="yourEmailPrefill" value="">
<div class="row">
<div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns">
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<label>
Your name *
<input name="yourName" id="yourName" type="text" required="required" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your name" />
</label>
<small class="error">Please enter your name</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="large-6 medium-12 small-12 columns">
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 columns">
<label>
Your email address *
<input name="yourEmail" id="yourEmail" type="text" required="required" pattern="email" maxlength="100" placeholder="Enter your email address" />
</label>
<small class="error">Please enter a valid email address</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 large-12 columns">
<fieldset>
<legend>Who would you like to send this to? *</legend>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 large-6 columns">
<label class="organisation-option">Select organisation <a href="#" data-dropdown="selectOrganisationInfo" aria-controls="selectOrganisationInfo" aria-expanded="false" class="icon info tooltip-icon" role="tooltip" aria-label="help"></a></label><div id="selectOrganisationInfo" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content medium" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><p class="text-left">A recommendation email will be sent to the administrator(s) of the selected organisation(s)</p></div>
<div class="yourOrganisations margin-top margin-left no-margin-left-for-small no-margin-left-for-medium">
<ul>
<li>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="yourOrganisations" value="8a94032b5413f99901541400e2810db4">University Libraries - Virginia Tech
</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="small-12 large-6 columns no-padding-left margin-top-for-medium margin-top-for-small">
<div id="administrator-email" class="small-12 columns">
<label class="organisation-option" for="administratorEmail"><span>Or enter your administrator's email <a href="#" data-dropdown="administratorEmailInfo" aria-controls="administratorEmailInfo" aria-expanded="false" class="icon info tooltip-icon" role="tooltip" aria-label="help"></a></span><div id="administratorEmailInfo" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content medium" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><p class="text-left">You can enter one or more administrator email addresses</p></div></label>
<div class="row collapse postfix-radius">
<div class="large-10 small-10 columns">
<input type="hidden" id="selected-values" name="selectedAdministratorEmails" value="" />
<input id="administratorEmail" name="administratorEmail" type="text" placeholder="Enter an email address" autocomplete="off" />
<span id="emailaddress-invalid" class="error" style="display:none">Please enter a valid email address</span>
<span id="emailaddress-added" class="error" style="display:none">Email already added</span>
</div>
<div class="large-2 small-2 columns">
<input type="submit" value="Add" id="add-administrator" class="button radius postfix" aria-label="Add administrator email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 large-12 columns">
<div id="selected-administrator-emails" class="margin-top" style="display:none"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-12 medium-6 columns">
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-6 columns">
<label>Optional message
<textarea name="message" id="message" rows="3" maxlength="250" placeholder="Enter a message for your librarian or administrator"></textarea>
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="small-12 medium-6 columns">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/captcha/public/bower_components/visualcaptcha.jquery/visualcaptcha.src.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/captcha/public/captcha.css" />
<div class="wrap">
<div class="pre-captcha-wrapper">
<div class="captcha-wrapper">
<h2>CAPTCHA *</h2>
<a id="captcha-skip-to-audio" href="#captcha-audio-challenge" aria-hidden="false">Skip to the audio challenge</a>
<div id="sample-captcha"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button href="#" onclick="$('[id=recommendProduct]').foundation('reveal', 'close');return false;" class="button radius transparent right">Cancel</button>
</div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns">
<button type="submit" onclick="$('form#recommend').submit();" id="recommend-submit" class="button blue radius left">Send</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">×</a>
 </div>
<script>
                                  $('.icon.toggle.close').on('click', function () {
                                      $('.article-meta').toggleClass('reading-width');
                                  });
                              </script>
</div>
<div class="panel large-3 small-12 narrow-column article-page chapter right">
<div class="actions article">
<div class="header">
<div class="header left">
<div class="left title-underline">
<h3>Keywords:</h3>
<div class="border"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="button-group inline clearfix">
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=tax-deferred%20loss%20reserve" class="button small radius grey">Tax-Deferred Loss Reserve</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=catastrophe%20financing%20and%20pricing" class="button small radius grey">Catastrophe Financing and Pricing</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=extreme%20value%20theory" class="button small radius grey">Extreme Value Theory</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=mixture%20model" class="button small radius grey">Mixture model</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=insurance" class="button small radius grey">Insurance</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=reinsurance" class="button small radius grey">Reinsurance</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="clearfix explore-all padding-top right" data-limit="15">
</div>
</div>
<script>
                                  $(document).ready(function () {
                                    $('texmath, .tex-math, .mathJaxTex').hide();
                                  });
                                </script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="content" id="contents">
</div>
<div class="content" id="references">
</div>
<div class="content" id="metrics">
<script type="text/javascript">
            $(document).ready(function () {
          
              var fullTextViews = {
                total: '157',
                data: [],
                containerId: 'article-months-chart-fulltext-views'
              };
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Sep 2016'},
                  4
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Oct 2016'},
                  17
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Nov 2016'},
                  29
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Dec 2016'},
                  37
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jan 2017'},
                  51
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Feb 2017'},
                  67
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Mar 2017'},
                  85
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Apr 2017'},
                  104
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'May 2017'},
                  111
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jun 2017'},
                  115
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jul 2017'},
                  120
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Aug 2017'},
                  125
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Sep 2017'},
                  130
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Oct 2017'},
                  136
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Nov 2017'},
                  141
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Dec 2017'},
                  145
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jan 2018'},
                  151
                ]);
                fullTextViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Feb 2018'},
                  157
                ]);
          
              var abstractViews = {
                total: '112',
                data: [],
                containerId: 'article-months-chart-abstract-views'
              };
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Sep 2016'},
                  7
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Oct 2016'},
                  15
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Nov 2016'},
                  24
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Dec 2016'},
                  24
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jan 2017'},
                  31
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Feb 2017'},
                  35
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Mar 2017'},
                  37
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Apr 2017'},
                  38
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'May 2017'},
                  39
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jun 2017'},
                  41
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jul 2017'},
                  49
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Aug 2017'},
                  59
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Sep 2017'},
                  89
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Oct 2017'},
                  93
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Nov 2017'},
                  95
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Dec 2017'},
                  99
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Jan 2018'},
                  106
                ]);
                abstractViews.data.push([
                  {v: 'Feb 2018'},
                  112
                ]);
          
              var chartsToRender = [
                {
                  containerId: fullTextViews.containerId,
                  chartType: 'LineChart',
                  data: fullTextViews.data,
                  total: fullTextViews.total,
                  columns: [
                    ['string', 'Month'],
                    ['number', 'Full text views']
                  ],
                  chartOptions: {
                    hAxis: {
                      title: 'Months'
                    },
                    vAxis: {
                      title: 'Cumulative views',
                      format: 0
                    },
                    legend: 'none',
                    lineWidth: 3,
                    pointSize: 5
                  }
                },
                {
                  containerId: abstractViews.containerId,
                  data: abstractViews.data,
                  total: abstractViews.total,
                  chartType: 'LineChart',
                  columns: [
                    ['string', 'Month'],
                    ['number', 'Abstract views']
                  ],
                  chartOptions: {
                    hAxis: {
                      title: 'Months'
                    },
                    vAxis: {
                      title: 'Cumulative views',
                      format: 0
                    },
                    legend: 'none',
                    lineWidth: 3,
                    pointSize: 5
                  }
                }
              ];
          
              AOP.metrics.init({
                chartsToRender: chartsToRender,
                limitSingleChartWidth: true
              });
          
            });
          
          </script>
<section class="row metrics">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="split-panel opposite-cols">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="panel small-12 column main-column">
<div class="reading-width">
<h2 class="heading_03">Metrics</h2>
<div class="divider"></div>
<div id="article-metrics-altmetric-container">
<div class="metrics-section row ">
<div class="large-4 medium-4 small-6 columns">
<h2 class="heading_06">Altmetric attention score</h2>
<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-type='medium-donut' data-badge-details='right' data-doi="10.1017/S051503610001504X" data-link-target="_blank">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divider"></div>
</div>
<div class="metrics-section full-text-views ">
<h2 class="heading_06">Full text views<span> <a href="#" data-dropdown="full-text-view-info" aria-controls="full-text-view-info" aria-expanded="false" class="icon info tooltip-icon" role="tooltip" aria-label="help"></a></span><div id="full-text-view-info" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content medium" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><p class="text-left">Full text views reflects the number of PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views.</p></div></h2>
<div class="summary">
<div>Total number of HTML views: <span>0</span></div>
<div>Total number of PDF views: <span>157</span> *</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="chart">
<div class="loader">
<div>
<img src="/core/system/public/img/ajax_loader_gray_256.gif" alt=""><span>Loading metrics...</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div id="article-months-chart-fulltext-views"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="divider"></div>
<div class="metrics-section abstract-views ">
<h2 class="heading_06">Abstract views<span> <a href="#" data-dropdown="abstract-view-info" aria-controls="abstract-view-info" aria-expanded="false" class="icon info tooltip-icon" role="tooltip" aria-label="help"></a></span><div id="abstract-view-info" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content medium" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><p class="text-left">Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page.</p></div></h2>
<div class="summary">
<div>
Total abstract views: <span>112</span> *
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="chart">
<div class="loader">
<div>
<img src="/core/system/public/img/ajax_loader_gray_256.gif" alt=""><span>Loading metrics...</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div id="article-months-chart-abstract-views"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="margin-top"><p>* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 14th February 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="content" id="corrections">
<section class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="split-panel opposite-cols">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="panel small-12 column main-column">
<div class="reading-width">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="content" id="retractions">
<section class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="split-panel opposite-cols">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="panel small-12 column main-column">
<div class="reading-width">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="content" id="addenda">
<section class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="split-panel opposite-cols">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="panel small-12 column main-column">
<div class="reading-width">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-554b7ca6217c131b"></script>
<script>
        var addthis_config = addthis_config || {};
        var addthis_share = addthis_share || {};
      
            addthis_share.email_vars = {
                product_title: "Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1",
              cover_url: "https://static.cambridge.org/covers/ASB_0_0_0/astin_bulletin: the journal of the iaa.jpg"
            };
            addthis_share.email_template =  "product_template";
              addthis_share.title = "Tax-Deductible Pre-Event Catastrophe Loss Reserves: The Case of Florida1";
      
        addthis_share.url_transforms = {
          shorten: {
            twitter: 'bitly'
          }
        };
        addthis_share.shorteners = {
          bitly : {}
        };
        $(document).ready(function () {
          $('.icon.share').on('click', function (e) {
            e.preventDefault();
            var $toolbox = $('.social-share-options');
            $toolbox.toggle();
          });
        });
      </script>
<footer>
<div class="top menu centered">
<div id="services" class="content">
<ul class="tabs">
<li class="tab-title"><a href="/core/services/librarians">Librarians</a></li>
<li class="tab-title"><a href="/core/services/authors">Authors</a></li>
<li class="tab-title"><a href="/core/services/publishing-partners">Publishing partners</a></li>
<li class="tab-title"><a href="/core/services/agents">Agents</a></li>
<li class="tab-title"><a href="/core/services/corporates">Corporates</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mid">
<div class="row">
<ul class="accordion" data-accordion>
<li class="accordion-navigation">
<a href="#additional" class="accordion-expander">Additional Information<span class="icon tablet open-drawer"></span></a>
<div id="additional" class="content">
<div class="large-9 column menu">
<ul class="sub-nav site-map margin-top">
<li><a href="/core/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.journals.cambridge.org/" target="_blank">Our blog</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/news">News</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/help/FAQs">Contact and help</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/legal-notices/terms">Cambridge Core legal notices</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/feedback">Feedback</a></li>
<li><a href="/core/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="large-3 column">
<div class="social-container">
<div class="title">Join us online</div>
<ul class="social">
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CambridgeCore" target="_blank" class="icon fb" aria-label="Cambridge Core Facebook"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/CambridgeCore" target="_blank" class="icon tw" aria-label="Cambridge Core Twitter feed"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://plus.google.com/114953848908220702663/posts" target="_blank" class="icon gp" aria-label="Cambridge Core Google Plus"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CambridgeJournals" target="_blank" class="icon yt" aria-label="Cambridge Core YouTube"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom">
<div class="row menu">
<ul class="column accordion" data-accordion>
<li class="accordion-navigation">
<a href="#legal" class="accordion-expander">Legal Information<span class="icon tablet open-drawer"></span></a>
<div id="legal" class="content">
<ul class="title-area">
<li class="logo">
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<a itemprop="url" href="http://www.cambridge.org">
<img itemprop="logo" src="/core/cambridge-core/public/images/cambridge_logo.png" alt="Cambridge University Press">
</a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="sub-nav">
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions/">Rights &amp; Permissions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/copyright/">Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/terms-use">Terms of use</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/legal-notices/cookies-policy/">Cookies Policy</a></li>
<li class="copyright hide-for-medium hide-for-small">
<a href="#">&#169; Cambridge University Press 2018</a>
</li>
<li class="back-to-top hide-for-large-up"><a href="#">Back to top</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mid hide-for-large-up">
<div class="row">
<ul class="tablet-footer-actions clearfix">
<li class="copyright">
<a href="#">&#169; Cambridge University Press 2018</a>
</li>
<li class="back-to-top right"><a href="#">Back to top</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/bower_components/foundation/js/foundation.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/slick.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/foggy.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.textresizer.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/chosen.jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/jquery.sticky.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
        var AOP = AOP || {};
    </script>


<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
      window.AOP = window.AOP || {};
      window.AOP.pageId = '';
      window.AOP.baseUrl = '/core';
      window.AOP.env = 'prod';
      window.AOP.webTrendsFpcdom = '.www.cambridge.org';
      window.AOP.webtrendsSourceId = 'dcs2229lnlwr3lqf1qfic2m50_4k5s';
      window.AOP.shouldUseCitationTool = true;
      ;
    </script>
<script src="/core/system/public/js/foundationUtils.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/system/public/js/confirmModal.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/system/public/js/trimWhitespace.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/system/public/js/loadScript.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/aop-shared-components/public/isArray.js"></script>
<script src="/core/aop-shared-components/public/parseQuerystring.js"></script>
<script src="/core/aop-shared-components/public/createAlertBox.js"></script>
<script src="/core/aop-shared-components/public/webtrends.load.js"></script>
<div id="confirmModalWrapper">
<div id="confirm-modal" class="reveal-modal small" data-reveal>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="title"></div>
<div class="row">
<div class="large-12 columns">
<div class="panel callout message">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row margin-top">
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a href="#" class="right small button radius transparent cancel">Cancel</a></div>
<div class="small-6 large-6 columns"><a href="#" class="left small radius button blue confirm">Confirm</a></div>
</div>
<a class="close-reveal-modal">&#215;</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/ecommerce/add-to-basket.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/validation.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/selected-actions.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/easybib/public/js/app.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/charts.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/metrics.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/platform-share-content/public/js/create.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/recommend.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/captcha/public/bower_components/visualcaptcha.jquery/visualcaptcha.jquery.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/captcha/public/captcha.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/bookmark.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/content-alert.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/journals/journals.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/comments.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/references-resolver-enrichment.js" language="javascript"></script>
<script src="/core/system/public/js/validation.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>

<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/jquery-extend.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/additional.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.cambridge.org/packages/cambridge_themes/javascripts/global_navbar/v1.2.min.js"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/plugins/rem.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/multilingual.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/app.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/accessibility.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/analytics/events.js"></script>
<script src="/core/cambridge-core/public/js/analytics/listeners/counter.js"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
        $(document).cupEvent();

        AOP.initCounterReporter({
            apiKey: 'qzD90fb0r257ZKVtGSFnG3UucyyMdgvu8u250Fa0',
            apiUrl: 'https://usage.prod.aop.cambridge.org/v1/events',
            applicationId: '8a94020952a738f80152b223c992000b',
            identities: ["8a94032b5413f99901541400e2810db4","8a94032b54118147015413911bc70410"],
            sessionId: 'eaR5wXExE97ka2fvdjuRChHH2ZzZhdA8',
            eventContext: '/core/journals/astin-bulletin-journal-of-the-iaa/article/tax-deductible-pre-event-catastrophe-loss-reserves-the-case-of-florida1/141CE83FBB3512152EFBD2C7239CE145'
        })
    </script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js'></script>
</body>
</html>
