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data-feature-id="article/article-topper" data-pb-fingerprint="0f4fnbXsipM" id="f0t1kMRSiSDxGq"> <div class="border-bottom-off border-bottom-"> <div id="article-topper" class="article-topper "> <div class="headline-kicker"><a class='kicker-link' href='http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis'>Retropolis</a></div> <div> <div id="topper-headline-wrapper" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12"> <h1 data-pb-field="custom.topperDisplayName" itemprop="headline">As Hurricane Harvey slams Texas, a look at the most devastating storms in U.S. history</h1> </div> <wp-ad id="slug_tiffany_tile" data-ad-type="tiffany_tile" class="hidden-xs right"></wp-ad> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="main-content" class="col-xl-9 col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-xs-offset-0 col-sm-offset-0 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-deck" moat-id="article/article-deck|local" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-deck" data-pb-fingerprint="0foWN5y0Jpn" id="f0CzZSVSiSDxGq"> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-body" moat-id="article/article-body|local" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-body" data-pb-fingerprint="0fXfnbXsipj" id="f0ydKHjSiSDxGq"> <div id="article-body" class="article-body content-format-default"> <div class="pb-sig-line hasnt-headshot has-0-headshots hasnt-bio is-not-column"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/petula-dvorak/"><span itemprop="name">Petula Dvorak</span></a></span> <span class="pb-byline-tool-mobile"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/petula-dvorak/"><span itemprop="name">Petula Dvorak</span></a></span> <span class="pb-tool email"><a href="mailto:petula.dvorak@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'As Hurricane Harvey slams Texas, a look at the most devastating storms in U.S. history'"><span class="fa fa-envelope"></span><span class="envelope-label">Email the author</span></a></span> </span> <span class="pb-timestamp" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-26T08:30-500">August 26, 2017</span> <span class="pb-tool email"><a href="mailto:petula.dvorak@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'As Hurricane Harvey slams Texas, a look at the most devastating storms in U.S. history'"><span class="fa fa-envelope"></span><span class="envelope-label">Email the author</span></a></span> <span class="tweet-authors"><span class="pb-twitter-follow unprocessed"><a href="https://twitter.com/@petulad" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-lang="en">Follow @petulad</a></span> </span> <span class="pb-bolt"><i class="fa fa-bolt"></i></span> </div> <article class="paywall" itemprop="articleBody"><div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="2581283b0d"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=480" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=60"/><br/> </div><p></p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo-left" style="width:982px;"> <a name="0a5ef32057"></a> <img alt="" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/galveston-house.jpg"/> <span class="pb-caption">A hurricane in 1900 devastated Galveston, Tex., and killed at least 6,000 people. (AP Photo/Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word)</span> </div> <p>Vacationers flocking to the beaches and grand bath houses of the Oleander City – as Galveston, Tex., was called in 1900 – didn’t listen. Neither did most of the city’s 38,000 residents.</p> <p>Fake news. That’s what they thought when weather scientists warned that a storm was coming and everyone should seek higher ground. The story was buried on Page 3 of the Daily News that morning, Sept. 8.</p> <p>People paid dearly for ignoring the scientists.</p> <p>Despite wind and rain that morning, folks went about their business. But by late afternoon, the houses along the beaches began crashing down. The bridges to the mainland collapsed. People trying to flee the winds were killed by hurtling bricks and lumber; some were decapitated by pieces of roof slate knifing through the air.</p> <p>Between 6,000 and 8,000 were killed. A third of the city’s occupants were gravely injured. And two-thirds of the city — the fourth-largest in Texas at the time — was completely destroyed. The morning of Sept. 9, after a night of winds thought to have reached 120 miles per hour, Galveston was mountains of debris and bodies.</p> <p>The Great Hurricane of 1900 in Galveston remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Now another monster storm, Hurricane Harvey, is slamming Texas. It roared ashore in Corpus Christi at 10 p.m. Central time Friday with 130 mph winds and as much as 40 inches of rain.  In addition to the ferocious winds and a storm surge that could reach 12 feet, Harvey could bring “catastrophic flooding” in the coming days, forecasters warned.</p> <p channel="wp.com" class="interstitial-link"> <i> [<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2017/live-updates/weather/hurricane-harvey-updates-preparation-evacuations-forecast-storm-latest/?hpid=hp_rhp-top-table-main_liveblog-110p:prime-time/promo&amp;tid=a_inl&amp;utm_term=.30f9dabf88e0">Complete coverage: Hurricane Harvey</a>] </i> </p> <p>Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) had urged residents of low-lying areas to evacuate. It was unclear how many people heeded the warnings before the storm hit.</p> <p><span style="color: black;">“I’m even seeing people in Corpus Christi say they think they’ll be fine and they’re just going to ride it out,” said Capital Weather Gang’s Angela Fritz, deputy weather editor for The Washington Post, on Friday. “</span><span style="color: black;">Forecast technology has made it so we have a really good idea of what’s going to happen as much as a week in advance, but even just a day before the storm, people tend to deny the worst. </span></p> <p><span style="color: black;">“That’s when you need a human forecaster to come in and say, ‘Hey — this is going to get really bad. Maybe you should consider the safety of your family,’ ” Fritz said.</span></p> <p>For decades after the devastation in Galveston, even as meteorologists improved hurricane predictions, storms bore down on cities and walloped those who didn’t leave.</p> <div class="inline-content inline-gallery-embedded"> <link href="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/c/ssiSingle/r0DtBpwKo8Tvoq/css/d9cb19704f.css?_=f2022" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/p/ssiSingle/r0DtBpwKo8Tvoq/style.css?_=512fa" rel="stylesheet"/> <script>window.pbDeferredSSISingle=window.pbDeferredSSISingle||new Array;</script> <div class="pb-container"> <div class="pb-feature-ssi-single pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false pb-3 pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-gallery-gallery" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-id="gallery/gallery" data-feature-name="no-name" data-pb-feature-config="gallery/gallery" data-pb-fingerprint="0fh3taXsipu" id="fVVe782Ko8Tvoq"> <div class="wp-volt-gal unprocessed wp-volt-gal-p-end-circular wp-volt-gal-promo-stub wp-volt-gal-on-promo-slide wp-volt-gal-embed-promo wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-hide" data-blurb="With a strengthening Hurricane Harvey forecast to slam East Texas, The Post looks back on storms that have wreaked havoc on the U.S." data-category="National-Enterprise" data-commercial-node="national" data-debug="false" data-first-published="1314381360" data-keywords="" data-permalink="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/historic-hurricanes/2017/08/24/953f8718-cff2-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6_gallery.html" data-preroll-zone="" data-published="1314381360" data-section="national" data-show-interstitials="true" data-show-preroll="true" data-slug="historic-hurricanes" data-subsection="" data-title="Historic hurricanes" data-uuid="953f8718-cff2-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-bar"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav-full-gal"><a data-pb-field="custom.navPromoLabel" data-pb-placeholder="View More Label" data-pb-url-field="custom.navPromoLink" href=""></a></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav-number"><span class="wp-volt-gal-nav-number-current">1</span> of 27</div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav-buttons"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav-button wp-volt-gal-nav-prev"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-nav-button wp-volt-gal-nav-next"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-buttons"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-button wp-volt-gal-button-fullscreen">Full Screen</div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-button wp-volt-gal-button-autoplay">Autoplay</div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-bar-pie"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-button wp-volt-gal-button-close">Close</div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-main"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-photos"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A large part of the city of Galveston, Tex., was reduced to rubble after being hit by a surprise hurricane in September 1900. More than 6,000 people were killed and 10,000 left homeless from the Great Storm, which remains the worst natural disaster in U.S. history. " data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms024.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="1992" data-ratio="1.493" data-title="Sept. 8, 1900" data-uuid="7aa9002e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide-gal-title"></div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Miami residents look at the debris left behind on the Miami River in the 1926 hurricane that struck the city." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms023.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="1984" data-ratio="1.687" data-title="1926" data-uuid="8d343042-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="The wreckage of an 11-car passenger train is shown in the Florida Keys in September 1935, after the train was derailed by a hurricane that claimed the lives of 423 people. " data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms022.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="1992" data-ratio="1.614" data-title="September 1935" data-uuid="8cf6883c-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="An aerial photo of damage at a Westhampton, N.Y., summer residence, after a hurricane struck in September 1938." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms021.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3021" data-ratio="1.283" data-title="Sept. 21, 1938 " data-uuid="8cb7bd8c-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="New Yorkers struggle through the streets of downtown Manhattan as the Great Atlantic Hurricane hit in September 1944." data-credit="John Lent/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms020.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3030" data-ratio="1.213" data-title="Sept. 14, 1944" data-uuid="8bb9a1f2-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Clifton Guthrie took this unusual picture of Hurricane Hazel destruction at Morehead City, N.C. The homes above face mile-wide Bogue Sound, which is protected by an outer bank strand better known as Atlantic Beach." data-credit="Clifton Guthrie/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms019.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.207" data-title=" Oct. 15, 1954" data-uuid="8a4b9e92-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="High tides, whipped in by Hurricane Hazel, shatter boats and buildings in Swansboro, N.C., as a storm lashed out on the Atlantic Seaboard. Heavy seas and high water caused widespread damage." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms018.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.268" data-title=" Oct. 15, 1954" data-uuid="894f9f0c-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Workers in Washington disposed of trees felled on the U.S. Capitol grounds by Hurricane Hazel in October 1954. Damage was reported on 27 trees in the area." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms017.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.29" data-title=" Oct. 16, 1954" data-uuid="88282d7e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Hurricane Betsy struck Palm Beach, Fla., in September 1965." data-credit="Ullstein Bild/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms016.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.267" data-title="Sept. 7, 1965" data-uuid="8685f10e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="This peninsula on Bay St. Louis, Miss., was reduced entirely to splinters, after Hurricane Camille tore into the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 1969." data-credit="Bill Hudson/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms015.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3095" data-ratio="1.475" data-title=" Aug. 17, 1969" data-uuid="85e9b690-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Father William Pittman, left, conducts an outdoor Mass outside the ruins of St. Thomas Catholic Church in Long Beach, Miss., just one week after Hurricane Camille took a heavy toll on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The church, in the background, was hard hit by the storm, but the pastor told the congregation they would rebuild." data-credit="Jack Thornell/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms014.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3060" data-ratio="1.421" data-title=" Aug. 24, 1969" data-uuid="857ca92e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="This aerial view shows houses submerged in floodwater in the aftermath of tropical storm Agnes in downtown Pottstown, Pa." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms013.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.463" data-title="June 23, 1972 " data-uuid="8504b964-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Cindy King, left, her sister Tracy, center, and cousin Cindy Fenstermacher are completely covered with mud as they take a break from cleaning and sit on their sofa outside their flood-damaged home in Harrisburg, Pa. Flood waters, caused by tropical storm Agnes, receded in the city and homeowners returned to clean up the mess." data-credit="Paul Vathis/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms012.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.439" data-title="July 27, 1972" data-uuid="843a4ab2-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="This unidentified man, center, told reporters in Choloma, Honduras, that he and seven members of his family were carried over great distances by flood waters of Hurricane Fifi in September 1974. He was the only survivor." data-credit="AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms011.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2998" data-ratio="1.52" data-title="September 1974" data-uuid="831708e6-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A twin engine C-46 aircraft lies atop an aircraft hanger at Las Americas airport in the Dominican Republic after Hurricane David hit the capital of Santo Domingo in September 1979." data-credit="Doug Jennings/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms010.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2993" data-ratio="1.497" data-title="Sept.2, 1979" data-uuid="82ac4218-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="President Jimmy Carter inspects damage caused by Hurricane Frederic aboard a U.S. Marine helicopter in September 1979. Here, Carter’s helicopter hovers over damage at hard-hit Dauphin Island in Alabama." data-credit="Barry Thumma/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms009.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.442" data-title="Sept. 14, 1979" data-uuid="81882c4e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A Haitian woman stands amid the debris of her house that was destroyed by Hurricane Allen as it brushed the southern coast of poverty-ridden Haiti in August 1980." data-credit="Art Candell/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms008.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.453" data-title="Aug. 8, 1980" data-uuid="80248186-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Debris was pushed off Interstate 45 leading to Galveston, Tex., after Hurricane Alicia paid the island a visit in August 1983." data-credit="RJC/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms007.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2947" data-ratio="1.477" data-title="Aug. 18, 1983" data-uuid="7f5b80f6-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A home in Holden Beach, N.C., lost some of its roof and siding after being knocked of its foundation when Hurricane Hugo struck the Carolina coast in September 1989. Other homes escaped with little visible damage." data-credit="Bob Bridges/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms006.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2635" data-ratio="0.878" data-title=" Sept. 23, 1989" data-uuid="7d9e36d2-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Joan Wallach, left, and her daughter, Brenda, leave the Royal Palm Trailer Park in Homestead, Fla., where they lived, with suitcases they found in the debris from the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew in August 1992. Andrew came ashore at Homestead with winds of 160 miles per hour." data-credit="Lynn Sladky/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms005.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2987" data-ratio="1.489" data-title=" Aug. 24, 1992" data-uuid="7ce5e3fc-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Dave Stein stacks sandbags in a doorway to prevent water from entering the restaurant where he works at the City Dock in Annapolis, Md. Rains from Hurricane Fran flooded many areas in the September 1996 storm, though the storm was weakened into a tropical depression." data-credit="John Mummert/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms004.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2000" data-ratio="1.337" data-title=" Sept. 6, 1996" data-uuid="7ca9a5ea-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A car is buried in sand and covered with debris near the beach in Nags Head, on North Carolina's Outer Banks, after Tropical Storm Dennis made a second pass at the Carolina coast." data-credit="Bob Jordan/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms003.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="1992" data-ratio="1.606" data-title="Sept. 1, 1999" data-uuid="7c805a0a-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="A beachfront home in Kill Devil Hills, N.C., showed extensive damage to its driveway from Tropical Storm Dennis in September 1999." data-credit="P. Kevin Morley/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms002.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="1792" data-ratio="1.25" data-title=" Sept. 3, 1999" data-uuid="7c32e50e-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Javier Lopez, left, Manuel Gonzalez, center, and Alex Villarreal, right, sift through the debris of their home destroyed by a tornado spawned by tropical storm Bonnie in Rocky Point, N.C., in August 2004. Residents in eastern North Carolina suffered through damage from Bonnie only to ride out Hurricane Charlie a day later. " data-credit="Chuck Burton/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HurricanesStorms001.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2000" data-ratio="1.495" data-title=" Aug. 15, 2004" data-uuid="7bb14292-cff1-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Water spills over a levee along the Inner Harbor Navigational Canal in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. It was estimated that 80 percent of New Orleans was under flood waters as levees began to break and leak around Lake Ponchartrain. " data-credit="Vincent Laforet-Pool/Getty Images" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HK3.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3000" data-ratio="1.501" data-title="Aug. 30, 2005 " data-uuid="16d99f48-d007-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="New Orleans police and volunteers use boats to rescue residents from a flooded neighborhood on the east side of New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina left much of the city under water. Officials called for a mandatory evacuation of the city, but many resident remained and had to be rescued from flooded homes and hotels." data-credit="Eric Gay/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HK2.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="3504" data-ratio="1.5" data-title="Aug. 31, 2005" data-uuid="178c5066-d007-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-slide wp-volt-gal-photo" data-buy="false" data-caption="Floodwaters from Hurricane Katrina filled the streets near downtown New Orleans." data-credit="David J. Phillip/AP" data-image="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/National-Enterprise/Images/HK1.jpg?env=A" data-max-width="2718" data-ratio="1.412" data-title="Aug. 30, 2005" data-uuid="173a6a44-d007-11e0-933b-9b41af1867a6"> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-overlay"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-backdrop"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-gradient"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-holder"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-main"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-title-subtitle"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-ad" data-ads="true"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-ad-wrap"> <wp-ad data-manual-render="true" id="slug_bigbox_gallery"></wp-ad> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-ad-skip"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-ad-pie"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-ad-skiptext">Skip Ad</div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-close-fullscreen"><i class="close">×</i></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-main-nav wp-volt-gal-main-nav-prev"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-main-nav wp-volt-gal-main-nav-zoom"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-main-nav wp-volt-gal-main-nav-next"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-preroll"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-preroll-video"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-preroll-text"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-container"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-container-table"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-top"><span class="cell">Historic hurricanes</span></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-mid"> <div class="cell"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-mid-img-container"> <img alt="" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_606w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/08/26/Web-Resampled/2011-08-26/HurricanesStorms014--296x208.jpg"/> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-mid-label"><i class="fa fa-camera"></i>View Photos</div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-embed-promo-bottom"><span class="cell">With a strengthening Hurricane Harvey forecast to slam East Texas, The Post looks back on storms that have wreaked havoc on the U.S.</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-details"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-details-handle">Caption</div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-details-wrap"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-details-main"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-blurb">With a strengthening Hurricane Harvey forecast to slam East Texas, The Post looks back on storms that have wreaked havoc on the U.S.</div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-caption"> <span class="wp-volt-gal-caption-title">Sept. 8, 1900</span> <span class="wp-volt-gal-caption-text">A large part of the city of Galveston, Tex., was reduced to rubble after being hit by a surprise hurricane in September 1900. More than 6,000 people were killed and 10,000 left homeless from the Great Storm, which remains the worst natural disaster in U.S. history. </span> <span class="wp-volt-gal-caption-credit">AP</span> </div> <a class="wp-volt-gal-buy-link" href="#" target="_blank">Buy Photo</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-templates"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-pie"> <div class="wp-volt-gal-pie-anim wp-volt-gal-pie-inner wp-volt-gal-pie-spinner"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-pie-anim wp-volt-gal-pie-inner wp-volt-gal-pie-filler"></div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-pie-anim wp-volt-gal-pie-mask"></div> </div> <div class="wp-volt-gal-interstitial-text">Wait 1 second to continue.</div> </div> </div> <style>.wp-volt-gal-preroll-video{width:100%;height:100%}</style> </div> </div> <script>var __e=window.__e||[],ssiSingleFooter={init:function(){pbDeferredSSISingle.push("https://d2p9l91d5g68ru.cloudfront.net/PrerollPlugin/PrerollPlugin.min.js");pbDeferredSSISingle.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/p/ssiSingle/r0DtBpwKo8Tvoq/hi-pri-render.js?_\x3d512fa");pbDeferredSSISingle.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/p/ssiSingle/r0DtBpwKo8Tvoq/render.js?_\x3d512fa");pbDeferredSSISingle.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/p/ssiSingle/r0DtBpwKo8Tvoq/instance.js?_\x3d512fa");wp_import(pbDeferredSSISingle).always(function(){})}};
if(typeof wp_pb.StaticMethods=="undefined"||typeof wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated=="undefined"||wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated())document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){ssiSingleFooter.init()});__e.push(["shamble",function(){ssiSingleFooter.init()}]);</script> </div> <p>Among the costliest hurricanes in the United States<a href="https://revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=1926%20Miami%20Hurricane&amp;item_type=topic"> hit Miami in 1926</a>. It did $195 billion in damage, in today’s dollars. It ravaged a coast that had just undergone an explosive building boom. Little remained after the storm.</p> <p>“We had never been through a hurricane in 1926, when we experienced our first one,” Floy Cooke Mitchell, wife of the former mayor of Boca Raton, told the Palm Beach Post. “We didn’t know all windows should be covered in a hurricane.</p> <p>“I was watching as railroad cars were being knocked off the tracks and telegraph poles were snapped like toothpicks,” she said. “[Immediately] almost all the windows on the top floor were broken.”</p> <p>The National Weather Service in Washington issued a warning on Sept. 14, as the storm hit the Bahamas. When it reached Miami four days later, it first hit as an intense storm but not a devastating one.</p> <p>But it had a second act.</p> <p>Forecasters seeing reports and tracking patterns issued a dire warning at 11 p.m. on Sept. 18, after most folks went to sleep.</p> <p>The storm killed 372 people and left at least 43,000 homeless. There was a wall of water nearly 15 feet high rolling over Coconut Grove, and the storm surge crested at 12 feet at Biscayne Boulevard, according to the Miami Herald.</p> <p>The first time a plane was used to study an oncoming storm was in 1935, days before the “Labor Day Hurricane” completely obliterated some of the towns along the Florida Keys.</p> <p>That storm remains among the most intense to ever hit the United States. It killed a little more than 400 people. More than half of them were veterans who had been sent to federal work camps along the Keys as part of a Depression-era program to help unemployed veterans who had been descending on the nation’s capital.</p> <p channel="wp.com" class="interstitial-link"> <i> [<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/07/28/the-veterans-were-desperate-gen-macarthur-ordered-u-s-troops-to-attack-them/?tid=a_inl&amp;utm_term=.d46a2e487d20">The veterans were desperate. Gen. MacArthur ordered U.S. troops to attack them.</a>] </i> </p> <p>An evacuation train getting them to the mainland was completely blown off its track during the storm. No one was killed when that happened, but many of the 259 veterans who died in the storm were those left behind when the evacuation efforts failed.</p> <p>By 1954, communications and tracking technology were improving, and the United States saw Hurricane Hazel coming as it killed hundreds of people in Haiti and destroyed the island’s coffee crops for years to come. When the storm landed along the Carolinas, folks along the coast were prepared.</p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo-left" style="width:982px;"> <a name="d114c91f30"></a> <img alt="" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/hazel.jpg"/> <span class="pb-caption">Hurricane Hazel slams Morehead City, N.C., on Oct. 15, 1954. The homes above faced the mile-wide Bogue Sound, which was protected by an outer bank strand better known as Atlantic Beach. (AP Photo/Clifton Guthrie)</span> </div> <p>But as it merged with a cold front and intensified, Hazel became a surprise for places unaccustomed to hurricanes. Dozens of trees on the U.S. Capitol grounds fell as Hazel clocked nearly 100 mph winds in Washington and Virginia. The storm swept on to Canada, where Toronto was hit on Oct. 15, leaving 81 people dead and nearly 4,000 homeless.</p> <p>By 1969, satellite technology was a powerful tool in reading and predicting weather. But that did little to help the Mississippi Gulf Coast when <a href="http://www.nola.com/175years/index.ssf/2011/12/1969_hurricane_camille_was_a_c.html">Hurricane Camille </a>did not take an expected turn to the east.</p> <p>Biloxi radio stations broadcast frantic evacuation warnings as the water rose over bridges after the sudden change of course. But most folks in the western parts of the coast listened to New Orleans stations, and they didn’t broadcasting evacuation warnings.</p> <p>About 250 people died in that hurricane. For years, a story — found later to be false by the New Orleans Times-Picayune — that 23 died while throwing a hurricane party and ignoring the evacuation warnings became a cautionary tale. Camille had the fastest recorded winds on record — 190 mph.</p> <p channel="wp.com" class="interstitial-link"> <i> [<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/billion-dollar-disasters/">Here’s every billion-dollar weather disaster in the U.S. since 1980</a>] </i> </p> <p>In 1992, Hurricane Andrew ripped across Florida. Although it was one of the most intense hurricanes to hit the country, it had a relatively low death toll — 65. That was largely thanks to an intense evacuation and preparation effort. There were 142 shelters opened, and more than 1.2 million people heeded the warnings and fled.</p> <p>The storm helped meteorologists make big leaps in predicting weather patterns, and it helped expose shoddy construction practices across Florida.</p> <p>And then, of course, there was Hurricane Katrina, the 2005 storm that devastated New Orleans.</p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="2581283b0d"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=480" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw&amp;w=60"/><br/> </div><p></p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="489de4488a"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/katrina.jpg&amp;w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/katrina.jpg&amp;w=480" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/katrina.jpg" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp-content/uploads/sites/62/2017/08/katrina.jpg&amp;w=60"/><br/> <span class="pb-caption">People wade through floodwaters in front of the Superdome in New Orleans on Aug. 30, 2005 after Hurricane Katrina. (Mark Wilson/Getty Images)</span> </div> <p>Many in the city didn’t evacuate, either because they lacked the resources to leave or because they were so accustomed to weathering hurricanes. But they didn’t know that the city’s levees would not be able to hold back the floodwaters. The storm killed 1,245 people in New Orleans and several hundred more in Mississippi. It inflicted $154 billion in damage.</p> <p>More than a million people fled Louisina, Texas and the Gulf Coast following hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Historians said it was the sort of disaster-spurred migration last seen in the United States in the 1930s, during the Dust Bowl.</p> <p>About a quarter of those people — 250,000 — landed in Houston. Though many returned to their homes or moved elsewhere, at least 100,000 of them stayed in Houston, changing the character of that city.</p> <p>Today, they are reliving their nightmares as Hurricane Harvey swirls toward the place they’ve learned to call home.</p> <p><strong>Read more Retropolis:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/06/30/a-collision-not-entirely-out-of-the-question-the-worldwide-panic-over-an-asteroid-headed-toward-earth/?utm_term=.8a9afa536e3f">An asteroid was streaking toward Earth. A collision seemed all too possible.</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/31/blood-in-the-water-four-dead-a-coast-terrified-and-the-birth-of-modern-shark-mania/?utm_term=.25ef368d8967">Blood in the water: Four dead, a coast terrified and the birth of modern shark mania</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/06/how-a-despondent-veteran-helped-make-the-golden-gate-bridge-a-suicide-destination/?utm_term=.4885f663f088">How a despondent veteran helped make the Golden Gate Bridge a suicide destination</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/21/the-shadow-of-an-assassinated-american-nazi-commander-hangs-over-charlottesville/?utm_term=.2fe89f09a430">The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/04/26/thomas-edison-the-electric-chair-and-a-botched-execution-a-death-penalty-primer/?utm_term=.d38be4f3c54a">‘Great God, he is alive!” The first man executed by electric chair died slower than Thomas Edison expected.</a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p></article> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> <div id="f0Aj7btSiSDxGq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="f0YDlINSiSDxGq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> </div> <div class="chain-wrapper standard-chain in-chain border-bottom-hairline border-bottom-100-pct pb-layout-item pb-chain pb-c-standard-chain full" data-chain-name="no-name" id="cYT4hd2SiSDxGq"> <div class="chain-content no-skin clear"> <div id="fgeFT61SiSDxGq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fpbuve2SiSDxGq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="fPykPB1SiSDxGq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div 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String.prototype.endsWith||Object.defineProperty(String.prototype,"endsWith",{value:function(t,e){var n=this.toString();(void 0===e||e>n.length)&&(e=n.length),e-=t.length;var r=n.indexOf(t,e);return-1!==r&&r===e}});
/* Async loader code here */
window.pageBuilder = window.pageBuilder || {};

window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded =  window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded || function(){};
window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded = window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded || function(chain,apiResponse){
        var d = window.document;
        for (var i = 0; i < apiResponse.featureIds.length; i++) {
            var f = d.getElementById(apiResponse.featureIds[i]);
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(f);
        }
    };
window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature = window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature || function (element) {
        if(!element.parentElement) return false;
        var parent = element.parentElement;
        if (parent.className && parent.className.split(' ').indexOf("pb-feature")>=0) return true;
        return window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature(parent);
    };
window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts = window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts || function(s){eval(s)};

window.pageBuilder._getJson = window.pageBuilder._getJson || function(url, success, failure) {
    var xmlhttp;
    failure = failure|| function () {};
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else {
        xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
            if(xmlhttp.status == 200){
                try {
                    success.call(null, JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText));
                } catch (e) {
                    failure.call(null, xmlhttp, e)
                }
            } else  {
                failure.call(null, xmlhttp);
            }
        }
    };
    xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
    xmlhttp.send();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectFeatureDom(id, featureRendering) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = featureRendering.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = featureRendering.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/feature/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectFeatureDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectChainDom(id, apiResponse) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = apiResponse.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = apiResponse.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded(element,apiResponse);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/chain/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectChainDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var scriptsToAdd = [];
        var featuresLoaded = [];
        function injectAsyncFeatures(apiResp){
            for(var fid in apiResp){
                if (!apiResp.hasOwnProperty(fid)) continue;

                var element = d.getElementById(fid);
                var resources = apiResp[fid].pageResources || {};
                element.outerHTML = apiResp[fid].rendering;
                element = d.getElementById(fid); //update the element
                var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
                for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                    if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                        var s = d.createElement("script");
                        s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                        d.body.appendChild(s);
                    }
                    else {
                        window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                    }
                }
                for(var file in resources) {
                    if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                        resources[file].forEach(function(src){
                            if (scriptsToAdd.indexOf(src) === -1) { scriptsToAdd.push(src) }
                        });
                    }
                }
                featuresLoaded.push(element);
            }
            scriptsToAdd.forEach(function (src) {
                var s = d.createElement("script");
                s.setAttribute("src", src);
                d.body.appendChild(s);
            });
            featuresLoaded.forEach(function(element){
                window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
            });
        }
    var url = _context + "/api/v2/async/features?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
    window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(resp) { injectAsyncFeatures(resp)});
};
window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var chains = d.getElementsByClassName("pb-async pb-chain");
        var ids = [].slice.call(chains).map(function (node) { return node.id; });
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain(id);
        });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync = window.pageBuilder.loadAsync || function(){
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures();
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync();

</script>