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    <title>Hurricane Harvey damages petrochemical refineries, releasing thousands of pounds of airborne pollutants | PBS NewsHour</title>
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            <h1 class="post__title" itemprop="headline">Hurricane Harvey damages petrochemical refineries, releasing thousands of pounds of airborne pollutants</h1>
                                                        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science" class="post__category">Science</a>
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            <time class="post__date" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-29T22:07:12-04:00">
                Aug 29, 2017 10:07 PM EST
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                <p>Following two days of tweets and public reports of chemical odors in Houston, ExxonMobil disclosed Tuesday that two of its refineries accidentally released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors into the air after being damaged by Hurricane Harvey.</p>
<p>But these disclosures from Exxon represent just four of more than a dozen reports of storm-related emissions filed with the <a href="https://www.tceq.texas.gov/response/hurricanes">Texas Commission on Environmental Quality</a> since Monday that involve chemical companies near Houston. And documents filed with the commission indicate ExxonMobil’s emissions events were far from the largest.</p>
<p><strong>What happened with ExxonMobil:</strong> On Sunday, the energy giant shut down operations at its petrochemical facility in Baytown, Texas &#8212; the second largest refinery in the U.S. The facility can produce up 560,000 barrels of oil per day, according to the Houston Chronicle.</p>
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    <div class="pullquote__quote">Pasadena Terminal, a 174-acre facility near the Houston Ship Channel, reported the release of 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and  Monday.</div>

    
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<p>New Republic reported Monday that environmental advocates and residents <a href="https://newrepublic.com/minutes/144487/unbearable-petrochemical-smells-reportedly-drifting-houston">noticed chemical smells over Houston’s East End district</a>, which borders Harris County’s industrial hub. These reports were not altogether surprising. Chemical plants, refineries and natural gas operations <a href="http://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news_reports/documents/20120718AccidentProneFinal.pdf">are known to release large quantities of chemicals into the atmosphere when they start up or shut down</a>. Though the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has acknowledged these “startup, shutdown and malfunction” emissions since 1982, it did not enforce <a href="https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-implementation-plans/startup-shutdown-malfunction-ssm-emissions-industrial-facilities">strict regulations for this pollution until 2015</a>, following a petition by the Sierra Club.</p>
<p>During its planned scale down early Sunday morning, Exxon’s Baytown campus recorded a pair (<a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266277">first</a> and <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266279">second</a>) of controlled emission releases involving a variety of chemicals, from carbon monoxide to benzene to sulfur dioxide. Most of these emissions fell within legal limits. But Harvey’s heavy rains also sank a floating roof on an outdoor tank, prompting a <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266294">third, unplanned emissions event</a> later that afternoon. </p>
<div id="attachment_226096" style="max-width: 656px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg" alt="An ExxonMobil regulatory filing about an emissions event at its Baytown facility that released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors.  Screenshot by NewsHour" width="646" height="447" class="size-full wp-image-226096" srcset="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg 646w, https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017-300x208.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">An <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&#038;target=266294" target="_blank">ExxonMobil regulatory filing</a> about an emissions event at its Baytown facility that released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors. Screenshot by NewsHour</p></div>
<p><strong>What caused Exxon’s leak?</strong> <a href="http://petrowiki.org/Floating_roof_tanks">Floating roofs</a> are a common design element of petroleum tanks, a way to control and limit how much crude oil is lost to evaporation. The roofs rise and fall as the company fills the tank, meaning rain buildup plus inadequate drainage can cause the roofs to collapse. <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.917.7992&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">A 2007 study </a>found these tanks are also prone to buckling and becoming dislodged during hurricanes, due to their thin walls and unsteady foundations.</p>
<p><strong>Leaks from other companies are worse.</strong> Pasadena Terminal, a 174-acre facility near the Houston Ship Channel, <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266269">reported the release of 394,000 pounds</a> of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and &nbsp;Monday &#8212; none of which is allowed under the terminal’s permits. The facility, <a href="https://www.kindermorgan.com/content/docs/terminalbrochures/g_Pasadena.pdf">which is operated by Kinder Morgan</a>, is a waypoint for oil pipelines owned by companies like Chevron, Shell and Teppco across Texas. It stores nearly 19 million barrels of petrochemicals.</p>
<div id="attachment_226095" style="max-width: 656px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg" alt="A Kinder Morgan regulatory filing about an emissions event at Pasadena Terminal  that released 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and Monday. Screenshot by NewsHour" width="646" height="600" class="size-full wp-image-226095" srcset="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg 646w, https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017-300x279.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&#038;target=266269" target="_blank">Kinder Morgan regulatory filing</a> about an emissions event at Pasadena Terminal that released 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and Monday. Screenshot by NewsHour</p></div>
<p>Over the course of an hour Sunday night, a separate ExxonMobil facility in Beaumont &#8212; 88 miles east of Houston &#8212; <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266314">released 1,300 pounds of sulfur dioxide</a> due to damage caused by Hurricane Harvey. That’s approximately 10 times the amount allowed by the company’s permits. A Shell Oil facility near Houston also reported <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266341">a small release of chemical vapors</a> due to problems with a floating roof.</p>
<p>The Environmental Defense Fund, an advocacy group, reported that <a href="https://www.edf.org/media/toxic-air-pollution-one-harveys-unseen-dangers" target="_blank">more than 1 million pounds of air pollutants were released by Houston&#8217;s petrochemical industry</a> due to Hurricane Harvey. </p>
<p>All of the filings involve initial reports to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The final estimates of these chemical emissions may change.</p>
<p><strong>What happens next</strong> An ExxonMobil spokesperson <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/29/exxonmobil-refineries-damaged-in-hurricane-harvey-releasing-hazardous-pollutants/">told the Washington Post</a> that the company would assess the situation once the storm abates and it is safe to do so.</p>
<p>In its filing, Pasadena Terminal said it is “taking all necessary steps to prevent or minimize any increased risk to human health and safety and to the environment.”</p>

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<p>A Harris County official on Tuesday also warned that buried pipelines could <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/louisiana/articles/2017-08-29/the-latest-heavy-rains-present-risk-to-houston-pipelines">fall victim to scouring and breakage</a> due to fast-moving floodwaters in the Houston Ship Channel. </p>
<p>A spokesperson from the Texas General Land Office, which handles liquid pollution from petrochemical facilities in the Houston area, said its officials will not be able to assess pollutants in the water until the flooding in the area calms down. Texas officials <a href="https://www.tceq.texas.gov/response/hurricanes">have issued boil water notices</a> for multiple parts of Harris County and for elsewhere in the state.</p>
<p><em>Hannah Grabenstein contributed to the reporting of this story.</em></p>


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                                        <span class="link-list__cta">Watch</span>
                                        <span class="link-list__date">Feb 16</span>
                    <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/corn-and-ponnuru-on-russia-probe-indictments-florida-school-shooting"><span>Corn and Ponnuru on Russia probe indictments, Florida school shooting</span></a>
                </p>
            </li>
                    </ol>
    </div>
    </div>
    
</section>
      
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<article class="card-sm">

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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/pope-revives-lapsed-sex-abuse-commission-amid-skepticism" class="card-sm__title"><span>Pope revives lapsed sex abuse commission amid skepticism</span></a>

        
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health">Health</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/indictment-says-social-media-firms-got-played-by-russian-agents" class="card-sm__img">
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/indictment-says-social-media-firms-got-played-by-russian-agents" class="card-sm__title"><span>Indictment says social media firms got played by Russian agents</span></a>

        
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 17</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/anger-bubbles-over-at-funerals-for-florida-shooting-victims" class="card-sm__title"><span>Anger bubbles over at funerals for Florida shooting victims</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Terry Spencer, Associated Press, Tamara Lush, Associated Press and Adriana Gomez Licon, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/magnitude-7-2-earthquake-slams-south-and-central-mexico" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/earthquake-425x283.jpg" alt="People react after an earthquake shook buildings in Mexico City, Mexico February 16, 2018. REUTERS/Edgard Garrido - RC19BB64DA60" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/magnitude-7-2-earthquake-slams-south-and-central-mexico" class="card-sm__title"><span>Magnitude-7.2 earthquake slams south and central Mexico</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/trump-visits-florida-hospital-after-school-shooting" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/trumpflorida-425x266.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/trumpflorida-425x266.jpg" alt="U.S. President Donald Trump boards Air Force One as he departs for West Palm Beach, Florida, from Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, U.S., February 16, 2018. REUTERS/Eric Thayer - RC1964FE72E0" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/trump-visits-florida-hospital-after-school-shooting" class="card-sm__title"><span>Trump visits Florida hospital after school shooting</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Jonathan Lemire and Catherine Lucey, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/column-the-false-racist-theory-of-eugenics-once-ruled-science-lets-never-let-that-happen-again" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTR3D14V1-425x283.jpg" alt="A sign that reads &quot;Stop&quot; placed near a barb wire is seen at the concentration camp during a ceremony marking the 68th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz by Soviet troops and to remember the victims of the Holocaust, in Auschwitz Birkenau January 27, 2013 . REUTERS/Peter Andrews (POLAND - Tags: POLITICS ANNIVERSARY) - GM1E91R1KD201" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/column-the-false-racist-theory-of-eugenics-once-ruled-science-lets-never-let-that-happen-again" class="card-sm__title"><span>Column: The false, racist theory of eugenics once ruled science. Let’s never let that happen again</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Dr. Howard Markel</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/florida-shooting-suspect-was-on-school-rifle-team-that-got-nra-grant" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4X4Q0-425x283.jpg" alt="" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/florida-shooting-suspect-was-on-school-rifle-team-that-got-nra-grant" class="card-sm__title"><span>Florida shooting suspect was on school rifle team that got NRA grant</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Collin Binkley, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/epa-chief-pruitt-racked-up-nearly-200000-in-travel-expenses-over-6-months-environmental-group-says" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTS1LSK1-425x283.jpg" alt="" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/epa-chief-pruitt-racked-up-nearly-200000-in-travel-expenses-over-6-months-environmental-group-says" class="card-sm__title"><span>EPA chief Pruitt racked up nearly $200,000 in travel expenses over 6 months, environmental group says</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Ellen Knickmeyer, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/photos-china-celebrates-year-of-the-dog-with-one-of-the-largest-human-migrations-in-the-world" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4V5MY-425x283.jpg" alt="Folk artists perform a lion dance ahead of the Chinese Lunar New Year, or Spring festival, at Taierzhuang Ancient Town scenic area in Zaozhuang, Shandong province, China. REUTERS/Stringer" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/photos-china-celebrates-year-of-the-dog-with-one-of-the-largest-human-migrations-in-the-world" class="card-sm__title"><span>Photos: China celebrates Year of the Dog with one of the largest human migrations in the world</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Lora Strum</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/everything-you-need-to-know-about-family-based-migration" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTS1KJJ3-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTS1KJJ3-425x283.jpg" alt="U.S. Border patrol agents open a single gate to allow families to hug and talk along the Mexico and U.S border in Tijuana, Mexico, November 18, 2017. REUTERS/Jorge Duenes - RC159055B650" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense">Making Sen$e</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/everything-you-need-to-know-about-family-based-migration" class="card-sm__title"><span>Everything you need to know about family-based migration</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Susan J. Cohen and Michael W. Klein</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/13-year-old-founder-of-1000blackgirlbooks-shares-some-of-her-favorite-reads" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/GettyImages-614762302_marley-425x307.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/GettyImages-614762302_marley-425x307.jpg" alt="Marley Dias arrives at the Variety&#039;s Power Of Women Luncheon 2016 at the Beverly Wilshire Four Seasons Hotel on October 14, 2016 in Beverly Hills, California. (Photo by Steve Granitz/WireImage)" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts">Arts</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/13-year-old-founder-of-1000blackgirlbooks-shares-some-of-her-favorite-reads" class="card-sm__title"><span>13-year-old founder of #1000blackgirlbooks shares some of her favorite reads</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Alison Thoet</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/kelly-overhauls-white-house-security-clearance-process-after-abuse-allegations-against-former-aide" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/app/uploads/2017/06/johnkelly-300x205.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/app/uploads/2017/06/johnkelly-300x205.jpg" alt="Secretary of Homeland Security John Kelly speaks about immigration reform at a press conference on Capitol Hill in Washington, U.S., June 29, 2017. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts - RTS195CZ" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/kelly-overhauls-white-house-security-clearance-process-after-abuse-allegations-against-former-aide" class="card-sm__title"><span>Kelly overhauls White House security clearance process after abuse allegations against former aide</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Jonathan Lemire</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-tweets-mueller-indictment-shows-no-collusion-in-2016-election" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4WWTU-425x269.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4WWTU-425x269.jpg" alt="U.S. President Donald Trump declares his opposition to domestic violence during a working session regarding the Opportunity Zones provided by tax reform in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, U.S., February 14, 2018. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts - RC11BECC88B0" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-tweets-mueller-indictment-shows-no-collusion-in-2016-election" class="card-sm__title"><span>Trump tweets Mueller indictment shows &#8216;no collusion&#8217; in 2016 election</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/florida-governor-calls-on-fbi-director-to-resign-after-agencys-failure-to-act-on-tip-about-school-shooter" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/01/rickscott-425x288.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/01/rickscott-425x288.jpg" alt="Florida Governor Rick Scott arrives to speak about hurricane relief measures for Florida and Puerto Rico at the White House in Washington, U.S., September 29, 2017. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts - RC1DB00C0860" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/florida-governor-calls-on-fbi-director-to-resign-after-agencys-failure-to-act-on-tip-about-school-shooter" class="card-sm__title"><span>Florida governor calls on FBI director to resign after agency&#8217;s failure to act on tip about school shooter</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/opinion-a-students-obituary-should-never-say-gunned-down-while-studying-for-chemistry" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4X619-425x298.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4X619-425x298.jpg" alt="Students from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School attend a memorial following a school shooting in Parkland, Florida. Feb. 15, 2018. Photo by REUTERS/Thom Baur" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education">Education</a>
                        <span>Feb 16</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/opinion-a-students-obituary-should-never-say-gunned-down-while-studying-for-chemistry" class="card-sm__title"><span>Opinion: A student’s obituary should never say &#8216;gunned down while studying for chemistry&#8217;</span></a>

        
        

    </div>
</article>

            </div>
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