<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <!-- META TAGS -->
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    
            
<meta name="description" content="Hurricane Harvey dumped so much rainfall in some areas that statistics would predict such unprecedented rainfall would occur once every 500,000 years. ">

    <title>Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas </title>

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9; IE=8; IE=7; IE=EDGE">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="9idATXqhUCskCzkXvGEmuGx6t9G5-cpFLIVMpREAg-8">    
        
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    
    <!--[if IE ]>

    <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>

    <![endif]-->

            <meta name="robots" content=" index, follow ">
    
            <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html">

    <link rel="amphtml" href="https://amp.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html"> 
        
        <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/resources/apple-icon-57x57.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/resources/apple-icon-60x60.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/resources/apple-icon-72x72.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/resources/apple-icon-76x76.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/resources/apple-icon-114x114.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/resources/apple-icon-120x120.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/resources/apple-icon-144x144.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/resources/apple-icon-152x152.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/resources/apple-icon-180x180.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192"  href="/resources/android-icon-192x192.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/resources/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/resources/favicon-96x96.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/resources/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/resources/ms-icon-144x144.png">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">





    

            <script type="text/javascript">
            var image_server = 'https://www.livescience.com';
        </script>
    
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/compiled/grunt/livescience.all.css?2018-02-13-22"/>
        
                        <script src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/jquery.min.js?e9e2e1b"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
        var jqueryUrl = 'https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/jquery.min.js?e9e2e1b';
    </script>

    <script src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/handlebars.min.js?e9e2e1b"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
   var ooyalaPlayerId = 'bac0c1eca4014bd98a254d8299417157';
    var ooyalaAdTagId = '6c407fcf74348cabb21f916f824643e';
    var socialSiteUrl = 'https://www.livescience.com';
    var pollName = 'lspolls';
</script>
    <script src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/baseISFUNKY.js?e9e2e1b"></script>

    
        <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/single.js?e9e2e1b"></script>
    

            <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/articleBase.js?e9e2e1b"></script>
        

                    <meta property="fb:app_id" content="438608976204523" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="30478646760" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas " />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://img.purch.com/h/1000/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5NS8wMTIvb3JpZ2luYWwvMDI0LUh1cnJpY2FuZS1IYXJ2ZXkuanBn" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Live Science" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Hurricane Harvey dumped so much rainfall in some areas that statistics would predict such unprecedented rainfall would occur once every 500,000 years. " />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@LiveScience" />
<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="15428397" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@tiaghose" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas " />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Hurricane Harvey dumped so much rainfall in some areas that statistics would predict such unprecedented rainfall would occur once every 500,000 years. " />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://img.purch.com/h/1000/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5NS8wMTIvb3JpZ2luYWwvMDI0LUh1cnJpY2FuZS1IYXJ2ZXkuanBn" />

        
            <meta name="news_keywords" content="hurricane harvey,hurricane,100-year flood plain,500,000-year flood risk "/>
    
                
            <!-- SiteCatalyst code version: H.19.4.
Copyright 1997-2009 Omniture, Inc. More info available at
http://www.omniture.com -->

    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
        if (typeof s == "undefined") {
            var s = {};
        }
    </script>

<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
/* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on
the next lines. */
            s.pageName = "ls:environment:article:60378";
                s.channel = "environment";
                s.prop2 = "ls";
                s.prop4 = "article";
                s.prop5 = "hurricane harvey caused 500,000-year floods in some areas ";
                s.prop6 = "ls-60378";
                s.contentID = "ls:asset_60378";
    
    


 /* Hierarchy Variables */
s.hier1="";
s.eVar15=s.prop15;
s.eVar4=s.prop4;
s.eVar16=s.prop16;
s.eVar17=s.prop17;
s.eVar18=s.prop18;


    </script>
    
            
            
                    

                                                                                                                                


<script type="text/javascript">
    var pageAccount = '/10518929/tmn.ls';
    var pageAdZone = '/article/environment';
    var siteName = 'tmn.ls';
    var ccat = 'environment';
    var ccatPretty = 'Planet Earth';
    var ctype = 'article';
    var keywords = ["hurricane harvey","hurricane","100-year flood plain","500","000-year flood risk"];
    var ooValue = "0";
</script>
            <!-- AMC SETUP begin -->
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
    var tmntag = tmntag || {};
    tmntag.cmd = tmntag.cmd || [];

    (function () {
        var tmnh = document.createElement('script');
        tmnh.type = 'text/javascript';
        tmnh.async = true;
        tmnh.src = 'https://ads.servebom.com/tmnhead.js';
        var script = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
        script.parentNode.insertBefore(tmnh, script);
    })();

    tmntag.cmd.push(function () {
        tmntag.placement('2669');

        if (typeof keywords == 'undefined') {
            keywords = [];
        }

        if (typeof ooValue == 'undefined') {
            ooValue = "0";
        }

        if (typeof pageAdZone != 'undefined') {
            tmntag.account(pageAdZone);
        }

                if (typeof ad_location != 'undefined') {
            tmntag.location(ad_location);
        }

        tmntag.target({
            "kw": keywords,
            "site": siteName,
            "ctype": ctype,
            "ccat1": ccat,
            "partner": "n",
            "_oo": ooValue
        });

        tmntag.start();
    });
</script>
<!-- AMC SETUP end -->
    
    
    
    
        
<script type="text/javascript">
    var _gaq = _gaq || [];

        _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-11681412-2'],
            ['_setDomainName', 'livescience.com'],
            ['_setCustomVar', 1, 'Section', 'environment', 3],
            ['_trackPageview'   ]);
        (function() {
        var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
        ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
        var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
    })();
</script>

                                
<style>  #header_leaderboard{min-height:0px} @media only screen and (min-width:728px) {#header_leaderboard{min-height:90px}}  #rightcol_top{min-height:0px} @media only screen and (min-width:300px) {#rightcol_top{min-height:250px}}</style>
<script>
(function() {
  var init = function() {
    /* ftc-pixel */
    var soConf = {
      "insertMethod": "afterbegin",
      "sentence": "<div class='pure-u-1'>Live Science reviews products independently. When you click links to buy products we may earn money to support <a href='http://www.livescience.com/about' target='_blank'>our work</a>.</div>",
      "targetSlot": ".container",
      "productsCond": typeof Purch !== "undefined" &&
        typeof Purch.obfCssMap !== "undefined" &&
        document.querySelector("." + Purch.obfCssMap["shop-btn-tracking"]) !== null ||
        window.raasOffers && Object.keys(window.raasOffers).length > 0 ||
        document.querySelector(".buyBtn") !== null ||
        document.querySelector(".ntShoppingWidget") !== null ||
        document.querySelector(".otm-buy-block") !== null ||
        window.ad_keywords === "laptop-finder"
    };

    if (soConf.targetSlot.indexOf("${") >= 0) {
      soConf.targetSlot = ".page-top-promo";
    }
    if (soConf.insertMethod.indexOf("${") >= 0) {
      soConf.insertMethod = "beforeend";
    }

    var styles = [
      "<style>",
      ".fct-text{font-size:11px;text-align:center;font-style:italic;padding:10px;line-height:13px;}",
      ".center-content .fct-text {width:100%;margin:-10px 0 5px;}", // space|ls,
      ".topic_menu ~ .fct-text {margin-bottom:0;}", // anandtech
      "</style>"
    ].join("");

    var slot = document.querySelector(soConf.targetSlot);
    if (slot && soConf.productsCond === true) {
      try {
        slot.insertAdjacentHTML(soConf.insertMethod, styles + "<div class='fct-text'>" + soConf.sentence + "</div>");
      } catch (e) {}
    }
  }

  document.addEventListener('readystatechange', function() {
    if (document.readyState === "interactive") {
      init();
    }
  });
})();
</script>
<style>
.right-rail.sticky-sticked,
.right-rail.sticky-followed{
   max-width: 326px;
}
</style>
<script src="//assets.purch.com/ramp/js/Advertisement/advertisement.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  
(function () {
	
function getOmnitureData() {
  return (Purch.Omniture.params) || {};
}
		
var DiscoveryConf = {
  'etype': 'click',
  
  'p': {
	 'tid%7C\\w+': function(conf) {
		 try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){ 
				var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
				var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
				return 'tid%7C' + parsedVars["evars"]["transactionID"];
			  }
		 }catch(e){}
	}
  },
  'providers': ['out.tomsguide.fr', 'amazon.fr', 'amazon.co.uk',
	  'amazon.de', 'Mediaplex.com', 'amazon.com', 'Geni.us',
	  'linksynergy.com', 'lenovo.7eer.net',
	  'sharesale.com', 'evyy.net', 'dpbolvw.net',
	  'kqzyfj.com', 'anrdoezrs.net', 'tkqlhce.com', 'jdoqocy.com',
	  'parrot.com'
  ],
  'd': {
	  'esubtype': 'buybttn',
	  'buttonId': function(conf) {
		 try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  return parsedVars["evars"]["eVar18"];
			} else {
			  return null;
			}
		 }catch(e){}
	
	  },
	  'productId': function(conf) {
		try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  var productId = parsedVars["evars"]["eVar18"];
			  return productId && productId.substr(productId.indexOf('-') + 1);
			} else {
			  return null;
			}
		 }catch(e){}
	  },
	  'merchant': function(conf) {
		try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  return parsedVars["evars"]["eVar34"];
			} else {
			  return null;
			}
		}catch(e){}
		
	  },
	  'price': function(conf) {
		try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  return parsedVars["evars"]["eVar43"];
			} else {
			  return null;
			}
		}catch(e){}
	
	  },
	  'adPlacement': function(conf) {
		try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  return parsedVars["evars"]["eVar23"];
			} else {
			  return null;
			}			  
		}catch(e){}
		
	  },
	  'categories': function() {
		try{
			return getOmnitureData()['eVar2'];  
		}catch(e){}
	  },
	  'tags': function() {
		try{
			var tags = getOmnitureData()['prop34'];
			return tags && (typeof tags === 'string') && (tags.split('|').join(','));
		}catch(e){}
		 
	  },
	  'adblock': function() {
		try{
			return !!window.abp;  
		}catch(e){}
	  },
	  'transactionId': function(conf) {
		try{
			if(conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking')){
			  var omnitureTrackingVars = conf.el.getAttribute('data-omniture-tracking');
			  var parsedVars = JSON.parse(omnitureTrackingVars);
			  return parsedVars["evars"]["transactionID"];
			} else {
			  return null
			}
		}catch(e){}
	  }
	  
  }
};

window.cs_cmd = window.cs_cmd || [];

window.cs_cmd.push(function() {
	if(typeof window.Purch.cs_data !== "undefined"){
		delete window.Purch.cs_data['PAGE'];
		delete window.Purch.cs_data['PAGE_DOMAIN'];
        delete window.Purch.cs_data['COOKIES'];
		DiscoveryConf.d['timestamp'] =  '%CB%';
		DiscoveryConf.d['client_ts'] = '%CB%';
	}else{
		DiscoveryConf.d['SITE'] =  '%SITE%';
		DiscoveryConf.d['clickURL'] =  '%URL%';
		DiscoveryConf.d['GAID'] =  '%GAID%';
		DiscoveryConf.d['client_ts'] =  '%CB%';        
	}
	try{
		DiscoveryConf.init = false;
		var dscv = new window.Purch.Discovery(DiscoveryConf);
		dscv.init(); 
	}catch(e){}
});

})();

(function(url) { var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s);s.src = url;
})('//assets.purch.com/loe/REVISION.js?t='+(new Date()).getTime());

(function(url) { var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s);s.src = url;
})('//assets.purch.com/loe/latest/icu/icu.pkg.js?t='+(new Date()).getTime());

</script>
<script>
var Purch = Purch || {};
Purch.JwDisableSticky = document.location.pathname === "/";
</script>

    
    </head>

<body class="" >

                <script>var __uzdbm_a = "80ad314a-8be3-a9aa-78ac-34f9e6ce094a";</script><div id="ss_098786_234239_238479_190541"></div><script src ="https://cdn.perfdrive.com/static/jscall_min.js" async="true"></script>
        
    <script type="text/javascript">
var omnVars = {};
for (var key in s) {
    if (!s.hasOwnProperty(key)) continue;
    var obj = s[key];
    if (key.indexOf('prop') == 0 || key.indexOf('eVar') == 0 || key.indexOf('pageName') == 0 || key.indexOf('channel') == 0 || key.indexOf('pageType') == 0 || key.indexOf('contentID') == 0) {
        omnVars[key] = typeof s[key] !== 'undefined' ? s[key] : '';
    }
}
</script>

<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-56QKB5"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<script>
    (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
    new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
    j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
    '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
    })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-56QKB5');

    if (dataLayer) {
        dataLayer.push({'PurchOmnitureVars': omnVars });
    }
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
    <!-- Skin ads -->
    <div id="out-of-page"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('out-of-page', false); });</script></div>

        <script src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/body-base.js?e9e2e1b"></script>

    <input type="checkbox" id="nav-trigger" class="nav-trigger" />
<label for="nav-trigger" class="mq-lg-off">
    <s class="bar"></s>
    <s class="bar"></s>
    <s class="bar"></s>
</label>
<ul class="mobile-nav mq-lg-off">
    <li class="non-item mq-small-on mq-med-off">
        <form action="https://www.livescience.com/search" class="inline-form space-L5">
            <input type="text" name="q" required placeholder="" class="search-form"><button class="search-btn btn"></button>
        </form>
    </li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/news" >News</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/technology" >Tech</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/health" >Health</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/environment" >Planet Earth</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/strange-news" >Strange News</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/animals" >Animals</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/history" >History</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="/culture" >Culture</a></li>
           <li><a class="nav-item  " href="//www.space.com/" >Space.com</a></li>
        <li class="non-item search-social mq-small-on mq-med-off">
                                                        <a href="https://www.facebook.com/livescience?cmpid=556687" ><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a>
                                    <a href="https://flipboard.com/@Livescience" ><i class="fa fa-flipboard"></i></a>
                                    <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience?cmpid=556688" ><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a>
                                    <a href="https://plus.google.com/+livescience/posts?cmpid=556690" rel="publisher"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a>
                                                                                                                        </li>
</ul>



<div class="site-wrapper">
            <!-- Leaderboard -->
<div class="leaderboard clear ad-slot">
    <div id="header_leaderboard">
        <script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('header_leaderboard', false); }); </script>
    </div>
</div>    
                    
<header class="header content-wrapper">
    <div class="center-content pure-g" id="menu">
        <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-3 pure-u-md-1-3 pure-u-lg-1-4">
            <div class="logo-wrapper">
                                    <a class="hdr-logo" href="/"><svg version="1.1" id="ls-logo" class="hdr-svg" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 396 50" xml:space="preserve">
    <style>
        .live { fill:#FAAF3B;}
        .science { fill:#FFFFFF;}
    </style>
    <title>Live Science</title>
    <g class="science">
        <path d="M359.3,48V1.8h34.9v9.1h-24.9v9.3h24.3v9.1h-24.3V39h25.1V48H359.3z"/>
        <path d="M154.9,48.6c-7,0-14.1-2.4-19.7-7.5l6-7.2c4.2,3.4,8.5,5.6,13.8,5.6c4.2,0,6.6-1.7,6.6-4.3v-0.1
            c0-2.6-1.6-3.9-9.3-5.9c-9.3-2.4-15.4-5-15.4-14.1V15C137,6.6,143.7,1,153.2,1c6.8,0,12.5,2.2,17.2,5.9l-5.3,7.6
            c-4.2-2.9-8.2-4.6-12.1-4.6c-3.9,0-5.9,1.7-5.9,4v0.1c0,3,2,4,10.1,6c9.3,2.4,14.7,5.9,14.7,13.9v0.1
            C171.9,43.4,164.8,48.6,154.9,48.6z"/>
        <path d="M199,48.8c-13.7,0-23.7-10.5-23.7-23.9v-0.1c0-13.2,9.9-24,24.1-24c8.8,0,13.9,2.9,18.3,7.2
            l-6.5,7.5c-3.6-3.3-7.2-5.2-11.8-5.2c-7.8,0-13.4,6.5-13.4,14.4v0.1c0,7.9,5.5,14.5,13.4,14.5c5.3,0,8.5-2.2,12.2-5.5l6.5,6.6
            C213.3,45.6,207.9,48.8,199,48.8z"/>
        <path d="M336,48.8c-13.7,0-23.7-10.5-23.7-23.9v-0.1c0-13.2,9.9-24,24.1-24c8.8,0,13.9,2.9,18.3,7.2
            l-6.5,7.5c-3.6-3.3-7.2-5.2-11.8-5.2c-7.8,0-13.4,6.5-13.4,14.4v0.1c0,7.9,5.5,14.5,13.4,14.5c5.3,0,8.5-2.2,12.2-5.5l6.5,6.6
            C350.2,45.6,344.9,48.8,336,48.8z"/>
        <g>
            <path d="M222.3,48V1.8h10.2V48H222.3z"/>
            <polygon points="297.9,1.8 297.9,30.2 276.2,1.8 266.9,1.8 266.9,10.8 242.4,10.8 242.4,20.2 266.9,20.2
                266.9,29.2 242.4,29.2 242.4,38.8 266.9,38.8 266.9,48 276.9,48 276.9,18.6 299.3,48 308,48 308,1.8 		"/>
        </g>
    </g>
    <g class="live">
        <path d="M1,1.5h5.2V43h26v4.9H1V1.5z"/>
        <path d="M42.8,1.5v46.3h-5.2V1.5H42.8z"/>
        <path d="M86.9,1.5h5.6L72.7,48.2h-4.6l-20-46.7H54l16.5,40L86.9,1.5z"/>
        <path d="M131.3,6.4H103v15.8h25.3v4.7H103v16.2h28.6v4.7H97.9V1.5h33.5V6.4z"/>
    </g>
</svg></a>
                            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-2-3 pure-u-md-2-3 pure-u-lg-3-4">
            <div class="pure-g">
                <nav class="search-social pure-u-1 mq-small-on">
                                                                                                                                            <a href="https://www.facebook.com/livescience?cmpid=556687" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a>  
                                                   
                                                                                                <a href="https://flipboard.com/@Livescience" target="_blank">
                                        <svg version="1.1" class="flipboardHeader" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="40px" height="40px"
     viewBox="-16.531 -10 40 40" xml:space="preserve">
    <polygon points="-16.531,-10 -16.531,3.301 -16.531,16.579 -16.531,29.879 -3.23,29.879 -3.23,16.579
		-3.23,3.301 -3.23,-10 	"/>
    <rect x="-3.23" y="3.301" width="13.278" height="13.278"/>
    <polygon  points="10.048,-10 -3.23,-10 -3.23,3.301 10.048,3.301 23.348,3.301 23.348,-10 	"/>
</svg>                                    </a>
                                                   
                                                                                                <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience?cmpid=556688" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a>  
                                                   
                                                                                                <a href="https://plus.google.com/+livescience/posts?cmpid=556690" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a>  
                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <form action="https://www.livescience.com/search" class="inline-form unit-r space-L10">
                        <input class="form-inset search-form" type="text" name="q" required placeholder="">
                        <button class="search-btn btn"></button>
                    </form>
                </nav>
                <div class="pure-u-1">
                    <nav class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal custom-can-transform categories-menu mq-small-off mq-lg-on">
                        <ul class="pure-menu-list">
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/news">News</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/technology">Tech</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/health">Health</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/environment">Planet Earth</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/strange-news">Strange News</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/animals">Animals</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/history">History</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="/culture">Culture</a></li>
                                                                                            <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="nav-item  " href="//www.space.com/">Space.com</a></li>
                                                    </ul>
                    </nav>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
</header>
<div class="sticky-header content-wrapper" id="sticky-header" data-stickya="sticky-header" data-stickya-options='{"zindex":10002,"maxHeightContainer": ".filling"}'>
    <div class="center-content">
        <a href="/" alt="Live Science">
            <svg version="1.1" id="ls-logo" class="sticky-logo" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 396 50" xml:space="preserve">
    <style>
        .live { fill:#FAAF3B;}
        .science { fill:#FFFFFF;}
    </style>
    <title>Live Science</title>
    <g class="science">
        <path d="M359.3,48V1.8h34.9v9.1h-24.9v9.3h24.3v9.1h-24.3V39h25.1V48H359.3z"/>
        <path d="M154.9,48.6c-7,0-14.1-2.4-19.7-7.5l6-7.2c4.2,3.4,8.5,5.6,13.8,5.6c4.2,0,6.6-1.7,6.6-4.3v-0.1
            c0-2.6-1.6-3.9-9.3-5.9c-9.3-2.4-15.4-5-15.4-14.1V15C137,6.6,143.7,1,153.2,1c6.8,0,12.5,2.2,17.2,5.9l-5.3,7.6
            c-4.2-2.9-8.2-4.6-12.1-4.6c-3.9,0-5.9,1.7-5.9,4v0.1c0,3,2,4,10.1,6c9.3,2.4,14.7,5.9,14.7,13.9v0.1
            C171.9,43.4,164.8,48.6,154.9,48.6z"/>
        <path d="M199,48.8c-13.7,0-23.7-10.5-23.7-23.9v-0.1c0-13.2,9.9-24,24.1-24c8.8,0,13.9,2.9,18.3,7.2
            l-6.5,7.5c-3.6-3.3-7.2-5.2-11.8-5.2c-7.8,0-13.4,6.5-13.4,14.4v0.1c0,7.9,5.5,14.5,13.4,14.5c5.3,0,8.5-2.2,12.2-5.5l6.5,6.6
            C213.3,45.6,207.9,48.8,199,48.8z"/>
        <path d="M336,48.8c-13.7,0-23.7-10.5-23.7-23.9v-0.1c0-13.2,9.9-24,24.1-24c8.8,0,13.9,2.9,18.3,7.2
            l-6.5,7.5c-3.6-3.3-7.2-5.2-11.8-5.2c-7.8,0-13.4,6.5-13.4,14.4v0.1c0,7.9,5.5,14.5,13.4,14.5c5.3,0,8.5-2.2,12.2-5.5l6.5,6.6
            C350.2,45.6,344.9,48.8,336,48.8z"/>
        <g>
            <path d="M222.3,48V1.8h10.2V48H222.3z"/>
            <polygon points="297.9,1.8 297.9,30.2 276.2,1.8 266.9,1.8 266.9,10.8 242.4,10.8 242.4,20.2 266.9,20.2
                266.9,29.2 242.4,29.2 242.4,38.8 266.9,38.8 266.9,48 276.9,48 276.9,18.6 299.3,48 308,48 308,1.8 		"/>
        </g>
    </g>
    <g class="live">
        <path d="M1,1.5h5.2V43h26v4.9H1V1.5z"/>
        <path d="M42.8,1.5v46.3h-5.2V1.5H42.8z"/>
        <path d="M86.9,1.5h5.6L72.7,48.2h-4.6l-20-46.7H54l16.5,40L86.9,1.5z"/>
        <path d="M131.3,6.4H103v15.8h25.3v4.7H103v16.2h28.6v4.7H97.9V1.5h33.5V6.4z"/>
    </g>
</svg>        </a>
        <nav class="sticky-nav unit-r space-T10">
            <span class="nav-pipe-right">
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/news">News</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/technology">Tech</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/health">Health</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/environment">Planet Earth</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/strange-news">Strange News</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/animals">Animals</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/history">History</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="/culture">Culture</a>
                                                        <a class="nav-item " href="//www.space.com/">Space.com</a>
                            </span>
            <span class="nav-pipe-right search-social">
                                                                                                                        <a href="https://www.facebook.com/livescience?cmpid=556687" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a>  
                             
                                                                                    <a href="https://flipboard.com/@Livescience" target="_blank">
                                    <svg version="1.1" class="flipboardStickyHeader" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="40px" height="40px"
     viewBox="-16.531 -10 40 40" xml:space="preserve">
    <polygon points="-16.531,-10 -16.531,3.301 -16.531,16.579 -16.531,29.879 -3.23,29.879 -3.23,16.579
		-3.23,3.301 -3.23,-10 	"/>
    <rect x="-3.23" y="3.301" width="13.278" height="13.278"/>
    <polygon  points="10.048,-10 -3.23,-10 -3.23,3.301 10.048,3.301 23.348,3.301 23.348,-10 	"/>
</svg>                                </a>
                             
                                                                                    <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience?cmpid=556688" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a>  
                             
                                                                                    <a href="https://plus.google.com/+livescience/posts?cmpid=556690" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a>  
                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        </span>
            <div class="search-social nav-search">
                <div class="search-icon"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></div>
                <div class="search-panel">
                                        <form action="https://www.livescience.com/search" class="inline-form">
                        <input class="unit form-inset search-form" type="text" name="q" required placeholder="">
                        <button class="search-btn btn"></button>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </div>
</div>    
    <!-- Share Tools -->
<div id="stickySharebar-test">
    <div id="stickySharebar">
        <ul>
            <li class="st_facebook_custom fa fa-facebook"></li>
                            <li class="st_twitter_custom fa fa-twitter" st_via="LiveScience"></li>
                        <li class="st_reddit_custom fa fa-reddit"></li>
            <li class="st_stumbleupon_custom fa fa-stumbleupon"></li>
            <li class="st_sharethis_custom fa fa-share-alt"></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>

    <!-- Start overAll -->
    <div id="ctBoc">
        <div class="content-wrapper filling overall ">
            <div class="center-content pure-g container">
                        <article class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-2-3 pure-u-lg-2-3">
        <div class="main-column" id="content-block">
            
            
                            <ul class="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="fa breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a title="Live Science" href="/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Live Science</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li class="fa fa-angle-right breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a title="Planet Earth" href="/environment" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Planet Earth</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul>
                        
                        
                                            <h1 class="h1">Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas </h1>
                <div class="byline">
                    By <span itemprop="author" class="author">Tia Ghose, Senior Writer</span> |

                    <time datetime="September 11, 2017 01:41pm ET"
                          itemprop="datePublished"> September 11, 2017 01:41pm ET</time>
                </div>
                        
            
            
            <div class="pure-g mod">
                <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1 pure-u-lg-1-8">
                    <!-- Share Tools -->
<div id="stickyShare" class="gtmStickyShare static " data-stickya="stickyShare"  data-stickya-options='{"maxHeightContainer": ".article-body","top":80}'>
    <ul>
        <li class="st_facebook_custom fa fa-facebook">
            <span id="fbCount" class="count"></span>
        </li>
        <li class="st_twitter_custom fa fa-twitter" st_via="LiveScience">
            <span id="twtrCount" class="count"></span>
        </li>
        <li class="st_flipboard_custom svg-flipboard fa">
            <svg version="1.1"  xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="40px" height="40px"
     viewBox="-16.531 -10 40 40" xml:space="preserve">
    <polygon points="-16.531,-10 -16.531,3.301 -16.531,16.579 -16.531,29.879 -3.23,29.879 -3.23,16.579
		-3.23,3.301 -3.23,-10 	"/>
    <rect x="-3.23" y="3.301" width="13.278" height="13.278"/>
    <polygon  points="10.048,-10 -3.23,-10 -3.23,3.301 10.048,3.301 23.348,3.301 23.348,-10 	"/>
</svg>            <span id="flipboardCount" class="count"></span>
        </li>
        <li class="st_reddit_custom fa fa-reddit">
            <span id="redditCount" class="count"></span>
        </li>
        <li class="st_stumbleupon_custom fa fa-stumbleupon">
            <span id="stumbleCount" class="count"></span>
        </li>
        <li class="st_sharethis_custom st-more more-arrow">MORE</li>
    </ul>
</div>



                </div>
                                    <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1 pure-u-lg-7-8 article article-body article ">
                                                                                                                    <figure class="figure article-hero ">
                            <div class="magnify-wrapper iZoom">
                    <img class="pure-img " big-src="https://img.purch.com/h/1400/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5NS8wMTIvb3JpZ2luYWwvMDI0LUh1cnJpY2FuZS1IYXJ2ZXkuanBn" src="https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5NS8wMTIvb3JpZ2luYWwvMDI0LUh1cnJpY2FuZS1IYXJ2ZXkuanBn" alt="Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas ">
                </div>

            
                                            <figcaption class="fig-cap" id="nointelliTXT">
                    <div class="fig-desc">Friends reconnect in the midst of rising floodwaters.</div>
                    <cite class="fig-credit">Credit: Scott Olson/Getty Images</cite>
                </figcaption>
                    </figure>
            <div class="article-content">
            <p>
	Hurricane Harvey may have dumped an unprecedented level of water, one expected to be seen just once every 500,000 years, in some areas of Southeast Texas, according to a new report.</p>
<p>
	The 24-hour measures of <a href="https://www.livescience.com/60254-whats-causing-tropical-storm-harvey-unprecedented-rainfall.html">rain falling during Hurricane Harvey were unprecedented</a> and exceeded the rate predicted to occur once every 1,000 years, researchers found. And the <a href="https://www.livescience.com/23913-flood-facts.html">flood levels</a> seen in some isolated areas of Houston over a five-day period exceeded those predicted to occur twice in a million years, a new analysis found. In some parts of texas, more than 51 inches (130 centimeters) fell over the five-day period, <a href="http://metstat.com/hurricane-harvey-extraordinary-flooding-for-houston-and-surrounding-areas/">the report found</a>.</p>
<p>
	To get to those eye-popping statistics, scientists combined rainfall modeling data with a century of precipitation statistics compiled in <a href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4044/pdf/98-4044.pdf">a 1998 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) repor</a>t. The odds of certain flooding are based in part on those statistics and in part on flood plain maps that account for things like elevation. The precipitation data from the USGS report, however, are spotty, <a href="http://metstat.com/hurricane-harvey-extraordinary-flooding-for-houston-and-surrounding-areas/">according to a blog post about the report</a>. For instance, the rainfall data was collected from precipitation stations across Texas, some of which may have only one or two data points, and many of which were operational going back only as far as the 1970s (though some were operational as far back as 1910). In addition, other areas of Texas may have had rainfall that was never detected, because no weather stations existed in that location at the time. &nbsp;[<a href="https://www.livescience.com/60247-hurricane-harvey-texas-photos.html">In Photos: Hurricane Harvey Takes Aim at Texas</a>]</p>
<p>
	This 1998 USGS paper found that Texas is particularly prone to flooding, often from excessive precipitation.</p>
<p>
	&quot;Destructive flooding, caused by excessive precipitation, occurs somewhere in the state nearly every year. Conversely, short- and long-term droughts also occur throughout the state. At least one drought has occurred in some part of Texas in the majority of decades of the 20th century,&quot; the authors of the report wrote.</p>
<p>
	To get from those precipitation-station numbers to the extremely rare five-day flood incidence, MetStat, a meteorological consulting group, compared those maximum precipitation rates for different intervals with recorded rainfall detected by gauges across south Texas during Hurricane Harvey. While some areas received a 1-in-1,000-year flooding over a day, the total rainfall over the five-day period reached a staggering 1-in-500,000-year mark in some small pockets of Houston. The findings have not been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.</p>
<p>
	Of course, 500,000 years ago, the city of Houston, the state of Texas and likely even <em><a href="https://www.livescience.com/59398-oldest-homo-sapiens-fossils-discovered.html">Homo sapiens</a> </em>in the area did not exist. In the last half million years, the climate changed radically, as <a href="https://www.livescience.com/57210-climate-change-drives-glaciers-retreat.html">glaciers retreated</a> and advanced across the continent of North America several times. &nbsp;While Texas wasn&#39;t glaciated, those changes also dramatically altered the landscape and conditions in the region. So, a 500,000-year flood doesn&#39;t mean those areas have historically gotten such a flood just once in the last half million years &mdash; it could&#39;ve happened more or less.</p>
<p>
	<em>Originally published on <a href="https://www.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html">Live Science</a>.</em></p>

        </div>
    <div class="article-after"></div>

        
                <div class="related-module more-editors">
            <h3 class="h2">Editor&#039;s Recommendations</h3>
        <ul class="pure-g">
                    <li class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1">
                <div class="related-wrapper l-box">
                                            <a href="/60314-most-destructive-hurricanes.html">
                            <span class="related-title">The 20 Costliest, Most Destructive Hurricanes to Hit the US</span>
                        </a>
                                    </div>
            </li>
                    <li class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1">
                <div class="related-wrapper l-box">
                                            <a href="/60309-hurricane-irma-photos.html">
                            <span class="related-title">Hurricane Irma Photos: Images of a Monster Storm</span>
                        </a>
                                    </div>
            </li>
                    <li class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-1">
                <div class="related-wrapper l-box">
                                            <a href="/31751-amazing-hurricane-facts.html">
                            <span class="related-title">50 Amazing Hurricane Facts</span>
                        </a>
                                    </div>
            </li>
            </ul>
</div>
                        </div>

                   

                                    </div>
                
                                    <div id="rev_content_placeholder"></div>
                
                                        <section class="mod" id="nointelliTXT">
        <header class="author-hdr mod-hdr">Author Bio <hr class="rule"></header>
        <div class="line author-bio">
                            <img class="thumb-left author-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/w/300/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzAzNC8zNjcvb3JpZ2luYWwvVGlhR2hvc2UuanBn" alt="Tia Ghose"/>
            
            <dl class="last-unit">
                <dt class="author-name">Tia Ghose, Senior Writer</dt>
                <dd class="author-desc">
                    <p>
	Tia has interned at Science News, Wired.com, and the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel and has written for the Center for Investigative Reporting, Scientific American, and ScienceNow. She has a master&#39;s degree in bioengineering from the University of Washington and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California Santa Cruz.</p>

                </dd>
                                    <dd class="social-byline">
                        <strong>Tia Ghose, Senior Writer</strong>
                                                    on
                            
                                                            <a href="http://twitter.com/tiaghose" class="author-social twttr spaceR15"></a>
                            
                                                                        </dd>
                            </dl>
        </div>
    </section>
                
                                    <div id="fb-root"></div>

<div id="comments" class="fb-comments" data-href="https://www.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html" data-numposts="5" data-colorscheme="light" data-width="100%"></div>                            </div>
    </article>
            <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3 pure-u-lg-1-3">
            <div class="right-rail">
                                  <div id="rightcol_top">
                    <script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function () {
                            tmntag.adTag('rightcol_top', false);
                        }); </script>
                </div>
                                    <div class="subscribe pure-u-1 mod" id="nointelliTXT">
		<div class="h2 mod-hdr">Science Newsletter: Subscribe</div>
		<form class="inline-form" method="POST" action="https://www.livescience.com/newsletter">
				<input class="form-inset" type="email" name="email" id="" placeholder="enter email here">
				<button class="btn">Submit</button>
				<input type="hidden" name="Newsletter Subscription" value="">
		</form>
</div>                    <section class="mod">
    <div class="h2 mod-hdr">Follow Us</div>
	<div class="social-mod pure-u-1" id="nointelliTXT">
                                                                            <a href="https://www.facebook.com/livescience?cmpid=556687" target="_blank" class="fa fa-facebook"></a>
                 
                                                            <a href="https://flipboard.com/@Livescience" target="_blank">
                            <svg version="1.1" class="flipboardFollowUs" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="40px" height="40px"
     viewBox="-16.531 -10 40 40" xml:space="preserve">
    <polygon points="-16.531,-10 -16.531,3.301 -16.531,16.579 -16.531,29.879 -3.23,29.879 -3.23,16.579
		-3.23,3.301 -3.23,-10 	"/>
    <rect x="-3.23" y="3.301" width="13.278" height="13.278"/>
    <polygon  points="10.048,-10 -3.23,-10 -3.23,3.301 10.048,3.301 23.348,3.301 23.348,-10 	"/>
</svg>                        </a>
                     
                                                        <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience?cmpid=556688" target="_blank" class="fa fa-twitter"></a>
                 
                                                        <a href="https://plus.google.com/+livescience/posts?cmpid=556690" target="_blank" class="fa fa-google-plus"></a>
                 
                                                                                                                    	</div>
</section>
                    <div id="most-popular-render">
        <div class="most-popular mod pure-u-1 nointelliTXT">
        <div class="h2 mod-hdr">Most Popular</div>
        <ol>
                        <li>
                <a href="/61749-screaming-mummy-backstory.html" data-mod="fallback">
                    <img class="pure-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/rc/107x73/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5OC8zMjcvb3JpZ2luYWwvc2NyZWFtaW5nLW11bW15LmpwZw==" alt="The &quot;screaming mummy,&quot; likely that of Prince Pentawere, a man who tried (likely successfully) to kill his own father pharaoh Ramesses III, is now on public display at the Egyptian Museum."/>
                    <p>Patricide and a Royal Plot: The &#039;Screaming Mummy&#039;s&#039; Dramatic Backstory</p>
                </a>
            </li>
                        <li>
                <a href="/61748-china-stealth-fighter-j-20-jet.html" data-mod="fallback">
                    <img class="pure-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/rc/107x73/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5OC8zMzAvb3JpZ2luYWwvSi0yMC1zdGVhbHRoLWZpZ2h0ZXItTk8tUkVVU0UuanBn" alt="An undated file photo shows a J-20 stealth fighter"/>
                    <p>China&#039;s Secretive Stealth Fighter Is Finally Combat-Ready</p>
                </a>
            </li>
                        <li>
                <a href="/61747-how-widespread-olympic-doping.html" data-mod="fallback">
                    <img class="pure-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/rc/107x73/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5OC8zMjYvb3JpZ2luYWwvS2VpLVNhaXRvLW9seW1waWMtZG9waW5nLmpwZw==" alt=""/>
                    <p>Why Is It So Easy To Cheat At The Olympics?</p>
                </a>
            </li>
                        <li>
                <a href="/61746-lizard-spies-skin-cannot-detect-radioactivity.html" data-mod="fallback">
                    <img class="pure-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/rc/107x73/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5OC8zMjUvb3JpZ2luYWwvY2hhbWVsZW9uLmpwZw==" alt="A chameleon."/>
                    <p>No, Iran, Lizard &#039;Spies&#039; Can&#039;t Detect Uranium</p>
                </a>
            </li>
                        <li>
                <a href="/61745-america-well-being-2017-gallup.html" data-mod="fallback">
                    <img class="pure-img lazy" data-src="https://img.purch.com/rc/107x73/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5OC8zMjMvb3JpZ2luYWwvZ2FsbHVwLXNoYXJlY2FyZS13ZWxsLWJlaW5nLTIwMTcuSlBH" alt="A map showing which states experienced declines in well-being in 2017."/>
                    <p>US Happiness Plummeted in 2017: These 21 States Saw Declines in Well-Being</p>
                </a>
            </li>
                    </ol>
    </div>
    </div>

                    

                    <div class="mod">
                        <div id="rightcol_mid">
                            <script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function () {
                                    tmntag.adTag('rightcol_mid', false);
                                }); </script>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div id="rightcol_bottom">
                        <script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function () {
                                tmntag.adTag('rightcol_bottom', false);
                            }); </script>
                    </div>
                            </div>
        </div>
    
            </div>
            <div class="full-width-content pure-g container"></div>
            <div class="center-content pure-g container"></div>
        </div><!-- end content-wrapper -->
    </div><!-- end ctBoc -->    

            <footer class="footer content-wrapper">
    <div class="center-content pure-g">
			<div class="pure-u-1 mq-lg-off m-net-links space-B30">
				<a href="/">Home</a><a href="/about">About Us</a>
			</div>  
			<div class="net-links pure-u-1 pure-u-med-1-4 pure-u-lg-1-4">
				<header class="footer-title">Company</header>
				<ul>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/" target="_blank">Company Info</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="/about">About Us</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/#contact" target="_blank">Contact Us</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/advertise/" target="_blank">Advertise with Us</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/#contact" target="_blank">Using Our Content</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="https://wrightsmedia.com/sites/purch/" target="_blank">Licensing &amp; Reprints</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/terms-of-use/" target="_blank">Terms of Use</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/copyright-policy/" target="_blank">Copyright Policy</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://purch.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></li>
				</ul>
			</div>
			<div class="net-links pure-u-1 pure-u-med-1-4 pure-u-lg-1-4">
				<header class="footer-title">Network</header>
				<ul>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.toptenreviews.com/">Top Ten Reviews</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.tomsguide.com/">Tom's Guide</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="https://www.laptopmag.com/">Laptop Mag</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.tomshardware.com/">Tom's Hardware</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/">Business News Daily</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.tomsitpro.com/">Tom's IT Pro</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="https://www.space.com/">Space.com</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="https://www.livescience.com/">Live Science</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://activejunky.com/">Active Junky</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://shopsavvy.com/">ShopSavvy</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="http://www.anandtech.com/">AnandTech</a></li>
						<li class="net-link"><a href="https://www.dignifyed.com/">Dignifyed</a></li>
				</ul>
			</div>
			<div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-med-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-2">
				<div class="unit-r">
					<div class="follow mod top-mod">
							<header class="footer-title">FOLLOW US</header>
							<div class="footer-social">
                                                                    <a href="/home/feed/site.xml" target="_blank" class="fa fa-rss"></a>
                                                                    <a href="https://www.facebook.com/livescience" target="_blank" class="fa fa-facebook"></a>
                                                                    <a href="https://plus.google.com/+livescience/posts" target="_blank" class="fa fa-google-plus"></a>
                                                                    <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveScience" target="_blank" class="fa fa-twitter"></a>
                                                                    <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/LiveScienceVideos" target="_blank" class="fa fa-youtube"></a>
                                                                    <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/livescience-com?cmpid=556689" target="_blank" class="fa fa-linkedin"></a>
                                							</div>
					</div>
					<div class="mod line">
							<header class="footer-title"> Subscribe</header>
							<form class="inline-form" action="https://www.livescience.com/newsletter" method="post">
									<input class="subscribe unit form-inset" type="email" name="email" placeholder="enter email here ..." required>
									<button class="btn">SUBMIT</button>
							</form>
					</div>
					<div class="mod branding">
							<a href="//purch.com/">

																		<img src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/img/purch-logo.png?e9e2e1b" width="135" height="41" alt="Purch">
																</a>
							<p class="copy-right">Copyright &copy;
									<script type="text/javascript">document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script>
									All Rights Reserved.
							</p>
					</div>
			</div>
		</div>
</footer>    
                <div id="in-article-1"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('in-article-1', false); }); </script></div>
                <div id="m-in-article-1"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('m-in-article-1', false); }); </script></div>
        <div id="m-in-article-2"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('m-in-article-2', false); }); </script></div>
        <div id="m-in-article-3"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('m-in-article-3', false); }); </script></div>

    
            <div id="mobile-anchor"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('mobile-anchor', false); });</script></div>
    
            <div id="interstitial"><script type='text/javascript'>tmntag.cmd.push(function(){ tmntag.adTag('interstitial', false); });</script></div>
    
            
</div><!-- end site-wrapper -->

    
                        <script type="application/ld+json">
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "WebSite",
    "name": "Live Science",
        "url": "https://www.livescience.com"
    }
</script>




            
    <script type="application/ld+json">
{
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Article",
    "mainEntityOfPage": {
        "@type": "WebPage",
        "@id": "https://www.livescience.com/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html"
    },
    "headline": "Hurricane Harvey Caused 500,000-Year Floods in Some Areas ",
    "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://img.purch.com/rc/696x392/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMDAwLzA5NS8wMTIvb3JpZ2luYWwvMDI0LUh1cnJpY2FuZS1IYXJ2ZXkuanBn",
        "height": "392",
        "width": "696"
    },
    "author": {
      "@type": "Person",
      "name": "Tia Ghose"
    },
            "articleSection": "environment",
        "keywords": ["hurricane harvey","hurricane","100-year flood plain","500","000-year flood risk"],
    "datePublished": "2017-09-11T17:41:00+00:00",
    "dateModified": "2017-09-11T17:43:34+00:00",
    "description": "Hurricane Harvey, over the course of five days, dumped an unprecedented level of rainfall expected based on probabilities.",
    "publisher": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "Live Science",
        "url": "https://www.livescience.com",
                    "logo": {
                "@type": "ImageObject",
                "url": "https://www.livescience.com/resources/img/ls-amp-logo.png",
                "width": "386",
                "height": "60"
            }
            }
}</script>

                                    <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
            var Purch = Purch || {};
            function requireReady() {  
                requirejs.config({
                    baseUrl: '/bundles/purchcommon/js',
                    urlArgs: 'v=2018-02-13-22',
                    paths:   {
                        jquery: jqueryUrl
                    },
                    map: {
                      // '*' means all modules will get 'jquery-private'
                      // for their 'jquery' dependency.
                      '*': { 'jquery': '/resources/js/jquery-private.js' },

                      // 'jquery-private' wants the real jQuery module
                      // though. If this line was not here, there would
                      // be an unresolvable cyclic dependency.
                      '/resources/js/jquery-private.js': { 'jquery': 'jquery' }
                    }
                });
                                    require(['Purch/Utils/Lazy'], function(Lazy) {
                    new Lazy({init: true, offsetY:150, delegateOn: 'body'});
                });
                require(['Purch/Utils/Tracking'], function(Tracking) {
                     Tracking.initModule({
                      targets: '.right-rail .subscribe .btn',
                         onEvent: 'mousedown',
                         gtmDataLayerName: 'dataLayer',
                         gtmPushData: {
                             "event": "newsletter",
                             "location": "right-rail"
                         }
                    });
                });
                
    require(['Purch/UI/Zoom'], function (Zoom) {
    Zoom.initModule({targets: '.magnify-wrapper img[big-src]', closeOnScroll: false});
    });
            require(['Purch/UI/Sticky'], function(Sticky) {
        new Sticky({stickyClass: 'sticky-scroll'});
        });
                }
        </script>
                <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://www.livescience.com/resources/js/require.min.js?e9e2e1b" onload="requireReady()"></script>
            
                        <script type="text/javascript">
            var tmnramp = {"key_vals":[],"http_cookies":{"cm_5889":"1","cm_4894":"1","cm_5930":"1","cm_5542":"1"},"ts":1518578090485,"server":"us-east1-rtb-adserver11","pixels":[{"content":"try {\n(function() {\r\n        document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin', '<link rel=\"manifest\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/manifest.json\" type=\"application\/json\" \/>');\r\n        console.log('excluded');\r\n        var oneSignalSdkUrl = 'https:\/\/cdn.onesignal.com\/sdks\/OneSignalSDK.js';\r\n        var httpInitOptions = {\r\n            appId: \"148387c0-db70-4024-9238-9d03af4866fd\",\r\n            safari_web_id: \"web.onesignal.auto.07679346-76f9-40eb-adf2-79670b2a6a52\",\r\n            subdomainName: \"www.livescience.com\".split('.')[1],\r\n            autoRegister: false,\r\n            httpPermissionRequest: {\r\n                enable: true,\r\n                useCustomModal: true\r\n            },\r\n            promptOptions: {\r\n                subscribeText: 'Subscribing ... This window will close automatically',\r\n                showGraphic: true,\r\n                timeout: 15000\r\n            },\r\n            welcomeNotification: {\r\n                disable: true\r\n            }\r\n        };\r\n        var httpsInitOptions = {\r\n            appId: \"5c99bb14-923c-4bea-be28-34e14f32c9c6\",\r\n            safari_web_id: \"web.onesignal.auto.337e82fd-eeda-48f8-8fe5-d2f6dec774c2\",\r\n            autoRegister: true,\r\n            \/* Set to true to automatically prompt visitors *\/\r\n            notifyButton: {\r\n                enable: false \/* Set to false to hide *\/\r\n            },\r\n            welcomeNotification: {\r\n                \"title\": \"Live Science: The Most Interesting Articles, Mysteries & Discoveries\".indexOf('$') === 0 ? 'More content soon for you !' : \"Live Science: The Most Interesting Articles, Mysteries & Discoveries\",\r\n                \"message\": \"Thanks for subscribing!\".indexOf('$') === 0 ? 'Thanks for subscribing!' : \"Thanks for subscribing!\"\r\n            }\r\n        };\r\n\r\n        function dynamicallyLoadScript(scriptUrl) {\r\n            var existingScriptElement = document.querySelector('script[src=\"' + scriptUrl + '\"]')\r\n            if (existingScriptElement) {\r\n                existingScriptElement.remove();\r\n            }\r\n            return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\r\n                var domElement = document.createElement('script');\r\n                domElement.onload = resolve;\r\n                domElement.setAttribute('type', 'text\/javascript');\r\n                domElement.setAttribute('async', 'async');\r\n                domElement.setAttribute('src', scriptUrl);\r\n                document.querySelector('head').appendChild(domElement);\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \/*\r\n          Returns a Promise that resolves to:\r\n            - String 'http' if the user is subscribed to OneSignal in HTTP mode\r\n            - String 'https' if the user is not subscribed to OneSignal in HTTP mode (regardless of the HTTPS subscription state)\r\n         *\/\r\n        function loadOneSignalHttpOrHttps() {\r\n            return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\r\n                dynamicallyLoadScript(oneSignalSdkUrl).then(function() {\r\n                                    window.OneSignal.once('initialize', function() {\r\n                                        resolve('https');\r\n                                    });\r\n                                });\r\n                window.OneSignal.push(function() {\r\n                    window.OneSignal.init(httpInitOptions);\r\n                    window.OneSignal.once('initialize', function() {\r\n                        window.OneSignal.isPushNotificationsEnabled().then(function(isEnabled) {\r\n                            if (isEnabled) {\r\n                                console.log('We are subscribers of the http version');\r\n                                \/\/ Do nothing, we're subscribed to HTTP\r\n                                resolve('http');\r\n                            } else {\r\n                                console.log('We will subscribe with this');\r\n                                \/\/ We're not subscribed; let's subscribe to HTTPS\r\n                                delete window.OneSignal;\r\n                                delete window.__oneSignalSdkLoadCount;\r\n                                dynamicallyLoadScript(oneSignalSdkUrl).then(function() {\r\n                                    window.OneSignal.once('initialize', function() {\r\n                                        resolve('https');\r\n                                    });\r\n                                    window.OneSignal.init(httpsInitOptions);\r\n                                    window.OneSignal.registerForPushNotifications();\r\n                                });\r\n                            }\r\n                        });\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            });\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        \r\n        \/\/Init() document after DOM is ready\r\n        document.addEventListener(\"readystatechange\", function() {\r\n            if (\"interactive\" === document.readyState) {\r\n                window.OneSignal = window.OneSignal || [];\r\n                \/*\r\n                 Do normal loading stuff after the Promise resolves.\r\n                 *\/\r\n                loadOneSignalHttpOrHttps().then(function(mode) {\r\n                    console.warn('trigger oneSignal on www.livescience.com');\r\n                    console.warn(\"Mode Loaded:\", mode);\r\n                    \/\/Init OneSignal tracking\r\n                });\r\n            }\r\n        });\r\n    })();\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\n","onready":false,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"5479","refreshable":false},{"content":"try {\n(function(a){var b=undefined,c=0;setInterval(function(){if(a.dataLayer&&a.requestid!=b){c++;a.dataLayer.push({event:\"paid-traffic\",\"ramp-id\":a.requestid,count:c});b=a.requestid;console.log(\"%cBRS-1249, BRS-1645 push id %s count\",\"background: #222; color: #bada55\",b,c)}},100)})(top.window);\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\n","onready":false,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"5289","refreshable":false},{"content":"try {\n\/* jshint undef: false, unused: false, -W106, -W031*\/\r\n\/* globals Purch, $ *\/\r\n\r\n(function () {\r\n  \r\n\tvar EmailModalParams = {\r\n        cookieParams: {\r\n            name: 'emailModal',\r\n            value: true,\r\n            days: 1\r\n        },\r\n        gtmParams: {\r\n            submit: 'submit',\r\n            close: 'close',\r\n            display: 'impression',\r\n            event: 'buybutton-signup'\r\n        },\r\n        actionParams: {\r\n            onCloseRedirect: true,\r\n            onSubmitRedirect: true,\r\n            onFirstEventListener: 'mousedown',\r\n            onSecondEventListener: 'mouseup',\r\n            firstActionEnabled: true,\r\n            secondActionEnabled: false\r\n        },\r\n        modalParams: {\r\n            upperText: 'Join LiveScience',\r\n            lowerText: 'Your membership helps us deliver great news and content.',\r\n            policyText: 'By signing up, I agree to the site\u2019s ',\r\n            terms: 'terms of use',\r\n            and: 'and ',\r\n            endterms: 'privacy policy',\r\n            placeholder: 'Enter Your Email',\r\n            signme: 'Join Now',\r\n            termslink: 'http:\/\/www.purch.com\/terms-of-use\/',\r\n            policylink: 'http:\/\/www.purch.com\/privacy-policy\/',\r\n            brandColor: '#F9AE39'\r\n        },\r\n        customCondition: function (e) {\r\n            var e = e || null;\r\n            if (e === null) {\r\n                return false;\r\n            }\r\n            var alreadyDisplayed = this.readCookie(this.cookieConf.name);\r\n            var $link = $(e.target).closest('a');\r\n            var href = $link.attr('href');\r\n\r\n            function isDescendantOfAnchorTag(e) {\r\n                var node = e.target.parentNode;\r\n                var n_Name = node.nodeName;\r\n                while (n_Name !== null) {\r\n                    if (n_Name === 'A') {\r\n                        return true;\r\n                    }\r\n                    node = node.parentNode;\r\n                    n_Name = node.nodeName;\r\n                }\r\n                return false;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            if (href) {\r\n                if (alreadyDisplayed === false) {\r\n                    \/\/ console.log('goin');\r\n                    if (e.target.nodeName === 'A' || isDescendantOfAnchorTag(e)) {\r\n                        this.openModal();\r\n                        document.getElementById('redirectUrl').value = href;\r\n                        e.stopPropagation();\r\n                        this.createCookie(this.cookieConf.name, this.cookieConf.value, this.cookieConf.days);\r\n                        return true;\r\n                    }\r\n                    else {\r\n                        return false;\r\n                    }\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        },\r\n        customEndCondition: function (params, e) {\r\n            return true;\r\n        }\r\n    };\r\n    var script = function (src, cb) {\r\n        var s = document.createElement('script');\r\n        s.type = 'text\/javascript';\r\n        s.onload = cb || function () {\r\n            };\r\n        s.src = src;\r\n        document.head.appendChild(s);\r\n    };\r\n    \/\/Call script from the creative templates dev env and creating a new Object with the params we defined.\r\n  if(!window.creativeRevision){\r\n      script('\/\/assets.purch.com\/creative-templates\/REVISION.js', function () {\r\n         script('\/\/assets.purch.com\/creative-templates\/latest\/js\/min\/ctEmailModal\/ctEmailModal.js?'+creativeRevision, function () {\r\n        new Purch.ctEmailModal(EmailModalParams);\r\n    });\r\n    });\r\n  }else{\r\n           script('\/\/assets.purch.com\/creative-templates\/latest\/js\/min\/ctEmailModal\/ctEmailModal.js?'+creativeRevision, function () {\r\n        new Purch.ctEmailModal(EmailModalParams);\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n \r\n\r\n})();\r\n\r\n\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\n","onready":false,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"7070","refreshable":false},{"content":"try {\n(function () {\r\n  \/\/ disable for paid traffic, health category and references\r\n  if (location.search.indexOf(\"utm_medium=ppc\") !== -1 && location.search.indexOf(\"utm_source=revcontent\") === -1 || window.omnVars.channel === \"health\" || window.omnVars.prop4 === \"reference\") {\r\n    return false;\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  var isImageAlbumPage = window.omnVars.prop4 === \"imagealbum\";\r\n\r\n  function adBlockTest(e, o) {\r\n    if (\"undefined\" !== typeof document.body) {\r\n      var t = \"0.1.2-dev\",\r\n        n = document.createElement(\"DIV\");\r\n      o = o ? o : \"sponsorText\";\r\n      n.id = o;\r\n      n.style.position = \"absolute\";\r\n      n.style.left = \"-999px\";\r\n      n.appendChild(document.createTextNode(\"&nbsp;\"));\r\n      document.body.appendChild(n);\r\n      setTimeout(function () {\r\n        if (n) {\r\n          var o = 0 === n.clientHeight;\r\n          e(o, t);\r\n          document.body.removeChild(n);\r\n        }\r\n      }, 175);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (isImageAlbumPage) {\r\n    adBlockTest(function (isBlocked) {\r\n      var widgetId = 35145;\r\n      if (isBlocked === true) {\r\n        widgetId = 42437;\r\n      }\r\n      var referer = document.referrer;\r\n\r\n      if (\"undefined\" === typeof referer) {\r\n        referer = document.location.href;\r\n\r\n        if (\"\" === referer || \"undefined\" === typeof referer) {\r\n          referer = document.URL;\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n      referer = referer.substr(0, 700);\r\n      var rcel = document.createElement(\"script\");\r\n      rcel.id = \"rc_\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000);\r\n      rcel.type = \"text\/javascript\";\r\n      rcel.src = \"https:\/\/trends.revcontent.com\/serve.js.php?w=\" + widgetId + \"&t=\" + rcel.id + \"&c=\" + (new Date()).getTime() + \"&width=\" + (window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth) + \"&referer=\" + referer + \"&is_blocked=\" + isBlocked;\r\n      rcel.async = true;\r\n      var revContentPlaceHolder = document.getElementById(\"rev-content-image-album\");\r\n      revContentPlaceHolder.appendChild(rcel);\r\n    }); \r\n  }\r\n})();\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\n","onready":false,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"7026","refreshable":false},{"content":"try {\n(function() {\r\n  \/\/ create the div only in articles\r\n  if (window.omnVars.prop4 === 'article') {\r\n    var revContentBelowArticle = document.getElementById('rev_content_placeholder');\r\n\r\n    if(revContentBelowArticle) {\r\n      revContentBelowArticle.insertAdjacentHTML('beforebegin', '<div id=\"calypso_revcontent_below_article\" style=\"text-align:center; margin: 10px 0;\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\">if (window.tmntag && window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function() { if (window.tmntag && tmntag.adTag) { tmntag.adTag(\"calypso_revcontent_below_article\", false); } }); } <\/script><\/div>');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n})();\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\n","onready":false,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"7027","refreshable":false},{"content":"try {\nfunction TMNPixel5055(){this.name=function(){return 'TMNPixel5055' };this.execute=function(){ (function () {\r\n  \/\/ disable for paid traffic, health category, references\r\n  if (location.search.indexOf(\"utm_medium=ppc\") !== -1 && location.search.indexOf(\"utm_source=revcontent\") === -1 || window.omnVars.channel === \"health\" || window.omnVars.prop4 === \"reference\") {\r\n    return false;\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  var isArticlePage = window.omnVars.prop4 === \"article\";\r\n  var isImageAlbumPage = window.omnVars.prop4 === \"imagealbum\";\r\n  var isCountDownPage = window.omnVars.prop4 === \"countdown\";\r\n\r\n  function adBlockTest(e, o) {\r\n    if (\"undefined\" !== typeof document.body) {\r\n      var t = \"0.1.2-dev\",\r\n        n = document.createElement(\"DIV\");\r\n      o = o ? o : \"sponsorText\";\r\n      n.id = o;\r\n      n.style.position = \"absolute\";\r\n      n.style.left = \"-999px\";\r\n      n.appendChild(document.createTextNode(\"&nbsp;\"));\r\n      document.body.appendChild(n);\r\n      setTimeout(function () {\r\n        if (n) {\r\n          var o = 0 === n.clientHeight;\r\n          e(o, t);\r\n          document.body.removeChild(n);\r\n        }\r\n      }, 175);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (isArticlePage || isImageAlbumPage || isCountDownPage && window.omnVars.channel !== \"history\") {\r\n    var revContentPlaceHolder = document.getElementById(\"rev_content_placeholder\");\r\n    \/\/Handle refresh\r\n    if (revContentPlaceHolder) {\r\n      revContentPlaceHolder.innerHTML = \"\";\r\n    }\r\n    adBlockTest(function (isBlocked) {\r\n      var widgetId = 30797;\r\n      if (isBlocked === true) {\r\n        widgetId = 36759;\r\n      }\r\n      var referer = document.referrer;\r\n\r\n      if (\"undefined\" === typeof referer) {\r\n        referer = document.location.href;\r\n\r\n        if (\"\" === referer || \"undefined\" === typeof referer) {\r\n          referer = document.URL;\r\n        }\r\n      }\r\n      referer = referer.substr(0, 700);\r\n      var rcel = document.createElement(\"script\");\r\n      rcel.id = \"rc_\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000);\r\n      rcel.type = \"text\/javascript\";\r\n      rcel.src = \"https:\/\/trends.revcontent.com\/serve.js.php?w=\" + widgetId + \"&t=\" + rcel.id + \"&c=\" + (new Date()).getTime() + \"&width=\" + (window.outerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth) + \"&referer=\" + referer + \"&is_blocked=\" + isBlocked;\r\n      rcel.async = true;\r\n      revContentPlaceHolder.appendChild(rcel);\r\n\r\n      \/\/Tracking\r\n      window.setTimeout(function () {\r\n        document.querySelectorAll(\".rc-item a\").forEach(function (item) {\r\n          item.addEventListener(\"mousedown\", function () {\r\n            if (window.dataLayer) {\r\n              window.dataLayer.push({\r\n                \"event\": \"sponsored-content\",\r\n                \"partner\": \"Revcontent\",\r\n                \"action\": \"click\"\r\n              });\r\n            }\r\n          });\r\n        });\r\n      }, 2000);\r\n    }); \r\n  }\r\n})(); ; };this.isOnReady=function(){return true;};this.isRefreshable=function(){return true;};this.doNotRender=function(){return false;};if(!this.isOnReady()){this.execute();}else{var readyFunc = window.tmntag_ready ? window.tmntag_ready : window.tmntag_ready_2;if(readyFunc){readyFunc(this.execute)}}};\n} catch (e) {\nconsole.error(e);\n}\ntmntag.tmn_pixels = ( typeof tmntag.tmn_pixels != 'undefined' && tmntag.tmn_pixels instanceof Array ) ? tmntag.tmn_pixels : [];\ntmntag.tmn_pixels.push(new TMNPixel5055());","onready":true,"donotrender":false,"campaign":"7028","refreshable":true}],"placement":"2669","page":"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/60378-hurricane-harvey-once-in-500000-year-flood.html?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter","page_id":"39a5396a","user_agent":{"device":"UNKNOWN","os":"Unknown","browser":"Unknown"},"ip":"128.173.49.74","geo":{"countryAlpha3":"USA","latitude":37.1791,"longitude":-80.3515,"ctr":"US","stt":"VA","dma":573,"ct":"Blacksburg","pc":"24061","ac":6252001,"tz":"America\/New_York"},"creatives":[{"div":"mobile-anchor","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["1"],"kw":["anchor"]},"width":0,"height":0},{"div":"below_article","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["0"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"top_center"}},{"div":"m-in-article-3","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["3"],"_a":["0"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"top_center"}},{"div":"m-in-article-2","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["2"],"_a":["0"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"top_center"}},{"div":"rightcol_top","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["1"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"bottom_center","sort_heights":"true"}},{"div":"out-of-page","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["1"]},"width":0,"height":0},{"div":"header_leaderboard","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["1"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"adunit_style":"padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px !important;","sort_heights":"true","ad_label_style":"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.0) !important;color:#FFFFFF !important"}},{"div":"interstitial","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["1"]},"width":0,"height":0},{"div":"rightcol_bottom","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["2"],"_a":["0"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"bottom_center"}},{"div":"m-in-article-1","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["0"],"kw":["inarticlevideo"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"top_center"}},{"div":"rightcol_mid","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["0"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"bottom_center"}},{"div":"in-article-1","iframe":false,"key_vals":{"_p":["1"],"_a":["0"],"kw":["inarticlevideo"]},"width":0,"height":0,"ad_params":{"ad_label_display":"report","ad_label_position":"top_center"}}],"latency":12,"html_pre_body":"","html_post_body":"","id":"8727084338833490335"};
            var TMNRAAS_VERSION="1.18",tmntag=tmntag||{};tmntag.isab=false;
!function(d){function a(){if(!c){c=!0;for(var a=0;a<b.length;a++)b[a].fn.call(window,b[a].ctx);b=[]}}function f(){"complete"===document.readyState&&a()}baseObj=window;var b=[],c=!1,h=!1;baseObj[d]=function(d,k){return c?void setTimeout(function(){d(k)},1):(b.push({fn:d,ctx:k}),void("complete"===document.readyState||!document.attachEvent&&"interactive"===document.readyState?setTimeout(a,1):h||(document.addEventListener?(document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",a,!1),window.addEventListener("load",
a,!1)):(document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",f),window.attachEvent("onload",a)),h=!0)))}}("tmntag_ready_2");String.prototype.startsWith||(String.prototype.startsWith=function(d,a){return a=a||0,this.substr(a,d.length)===d});
Array.prototype.find||Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype,"find",{value:function(d,a){if(null==this)throw new TypeError('"this" is null or not defined');var f=Object(this),b=f.length>>>0;if("function"!=typeof d)throw new TypeError("predicate must be a function");a=a;for(var c=0;c<b;){var h=f[c];if(d.call(a,h,c,f))return h;c++}}});"remove"in Element.prototype||(Element.prototype.remove=function(){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.removeChild(this)});
tmntag.refreshPixels=function(){if(typeof tmntag.tmn_pixels!="undefined")for(var d=0;d<tmntag.tmn_pixels.length;d++){var a=tmntag.tmn_pixels[d];if(a.isRefreshable())a.execute()}};
tmntag.onAB=function(d){if(typeof d!=="function")return;var a=document.createElement("div"),f="adsbox";a.innerHTML="&nbsp;";a.className=f;document.body.appendChild(a);window.setTimeout(function(){var b=false;if(a.offsetHeight===0){b=true;a.remove()}else{e=document.querySelector("."+f);if(!e)b=true;else{for(var c in document.scripts)if(document.scripts[c].src&&document.scripts[c].src.indexOf("googletagservices.com")>=0)break;if(typeof tmnraas_nonadblock!="undefined"&&tmnraas_nonadblock)c=true;else c=
false;if(!c)b=true;else if(typeof jQuery!="undefined"&&jQuery&&jQuery("#header_leaderboard"))b="none"==jQuery("#header_leaderboard").css("display")}}if(b){tmntag.isab=true;d()}},2E3)};
tmntag.incontent=tmntag.incontent||function(d,a,f){if(!d||!a)return false;a=document.querySelector(a);if(!a)return false;var b=document.getElementById(d);if(!b){b=document.createElement("div");b.id=d}if(typeof f=="undefined")f="afterend";if(f==="prepend")a.insertBefore(b,a.firstChild);else a.insertAdjacentElement(f,b);return b};
var tmntag_raascallback=function(){var d="https:"==document.location.protocol?"https://":"http://",a=function(){console.log("-RAAS- "+TMNRAAS_VERSION+" AB detected");var a=Math.floor(Math.random()*11E3),b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";var c=typeof Purch!="undefined"&&typeof Purch.calypso!="undefined"&&Purch.calypso.pvid||"0";b.src=d+"ramp.purch.com/event.js?t=AB&id=0&pvid="+c+"&bid=&cp=0&bdrid=&crid=&ad=&r="+a+"&l="+encodeURIComponent(window.top.document.location.href);
if(c=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0])c.parentNode.insertBefore(b,c);if(typeof tmnramp!="undefined"){window.top.tmntag_redirect=function(a,b,d){if(!a)return false;var c={cp:"__CP__",bdrid:"__BDRID__",crid:"__CRID__",ad:"__AD__",pd:"__PRODUCT_ID__",tid:"__TID__",pvid:"__PVID__"};a=typeof b==="object"?a.href:b;d=typeof b==="object"?b:d;b=Math.floor(Math.random()*11E3);var g="https:"==document.location.protocol?"https://":"http://";b=g+"ramp.purch.com/event.js?t=CL&id="+(top.window.requestid?
top.window.requestid:0)+"&r="+b;d=d;g="";if(d&&c)for(var f in c)if(c.hasOwnProperty(f))if(d.hasOwnProperty(c[f]))if(f==="pd")g+="&"+f+"=|"+d[c[f]]+"|";else g+="&"+f+"="+d[c[f]];c=g;f=b+c;c=document.createElement("script");c.type="text/javascript";c.src=f;if(f=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0])f.parentNode.insertBefore(c,f);a=window.open(a,"_blank");a.focus();return false};if(tmnramp.creatives)for(var h in tmnramp.creatives)if((a=tmnramp.creatives[h])&&a.div&&a.markup){var c=a.markup.replace(/\\n|\\r/g,
""),c=c.replace(/\\/g,""),g=a.div,b=document.getElementById(g);if(typeof tmntag.incontent!="undefined"&&a.ad_params&&a.ad_params.incontent_css_selector)b=tmntag.incontent(g,a.ad_params.incontent_css_selector,a.ad_params.incontent_position);if(!b)continue;if(a.iframe){g=document.createElement("iframe");g.frameBorder=0;g.name=a.campaign_id+"/"+a.creative_id;g.scrolling="no";g.marginwidth=0;g.marginheight=0;g.style.width=(a.width||0)+"px";g.style.height=(a.height||0)+"px";g.style.border="0pt none";g.style.margin=
"0px 0 0";g.width=a.width||0;g.height=a.height||0;b.appendChild(g);b="<!DOCTYPE ht"+"ml><bo"+'dy marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">'+c+"</bo"+"dy></ht"+"ml>";g.contentWindow.contents=b;g.src='javascript:window["contents"]'}else{a=Math.floor(Math.random()*11E3);b.id=btoa(a+g+a).replace(/[^a-zA-Z]/g,"");b.innerHTML=c}}}if(typeof tmnramp!="undefined"&&tmnramp.pixels)for(h in tmnramp.pixels)if((b=tmnramp.pixels[h])&&!b.donotrender&&b.content&&b.onready)eval(b.content)};tmntag.onAB(a)};tmntag_ready_2(tmntag_raascallback);
(function(){if(typeof tmnramp!="undefined"&&tmnramp){if(typeof tmnramp.pixels!="undefined"&&tmnramp.pixels)for(var d in tmnramp.pixels){var a=tmnramp.pixels[d];if(a&&!a.donotrender&&a.content&&!a.onready)eval(a.content)}if(typeof tmnramp.http_cookies!="undefined"&&tmnramp.http_cookies)for(var f in tmnramp.http_cookies){d=tmnramp.http_cookies[f];document.cookie=f+"="+d}}})();
        </script>
    
        </body>

</html>