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    <title>Hurricane Harvey damages petrochemical refineries, releasing thousands of pounds of airborne pollutants | PBS NewsHour</title>
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            <h1 class="post__title" itemprop="headline">Hurricane Harvey damages petrochemical refineries, releasing thousands of pounds of airborne pollutants</h1>
                                                        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science" class="post__category">Science</a>
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            <time class="post__date" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-29T22:07:12-04:00">
                Aug 29, 2017 10:07 PM EST
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                <p>Following two days of tweets and public reports of chemical odors in Houston, ExxonMobil disclosed Tuesday that two of its refineries accidentally released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors into the air after being damaged by Hurricane Harvey.</p>
<p>But these disclosures from Exxon represent just four of more than a dozen reports of storm-related emissions filed with the <a href="https://www.tceq.texas.gov/response/hurricanes">Texas Commission on Environmental Quality</a> since Monday that involve chemical companies near Houston. And documents filed with the commission indicate ExxonMobil’s emissions events were far from the largest.</p>
<p><strong>What happened with ExxonMobil:</strong> On Sunday, the energy giant shut down operations at its petrochemical facility in Baytown, Texas &#8212; the second largest refinery in the U.S. The facility can produce up 560,000 barrels of oil per day, according to the Houston Chronicle.</p>
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    <div class="pullquote__quote">Pasadena Terminal, a 174-acre facility near the Houston Ship Channel, reported the release of 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and  Monday.</div>

    
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<p>New Republic reported Monday that environmental advocates and residents <a href="https://newrepublic.com/minutes/144487/unbearable-petrochemical-smells-reportedly-drifting-houston">noticed chemical smells over Houston’s East End district</a>, which borders Harris County’s industrial hub. These reports were not altogether surprising. Chemical plants, refineries and natural gas operations <a href="http://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news_reports/documents/20120718AccidentProneFinal.pdf">are known to release large quantities of chemicals into the atmosphere when they start up or shut down</a>. Though the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has acknowledged these “startup, shutdown and malfunction” emissions since 1982, it did not enforce <a href="https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-implementation-plans/startup-shutdown-malfunction-ssm-emissions-industrial-facilities">strict regulations for this pollution until 2015</a>, following a petition by the Sierra Club.</p>
<p>During its planned scale down early Sunday morning, Exxon’s Baytown campus recorded a pair (<a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266277">first</a> and <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266279">second</a>) of controlled emission releases involving a variety of chemicals, from carbon monoxide to benzene to sulfur dioxide. Most of these emissions fell within legal limits. But Harvey’s heavy rains also sank a floating roof on an outdoor tank, prompting a <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266294">third, unplanned emissions event</a> later that afternoon. </p>
<div id="attachment_226096" style="max-width: 656px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg" alt="An ExxonMobil regulatory filing about an emissions event at its Baytown facility that released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors.  Screenshot by NewsHour" width="646" height="447" class="size-full wp-image-226096" srcset="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg 646w, https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/ExxonBaytown_emission-event_27Aug2017-300x208.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">An <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&#038;target=266294" target="_blank">ExxonMobil regulatory filing</a> about an emissions event at its Baytown facility that released 12,000 pounds of hazardous vapors. Screenshot by NewsHour</p></div>
<p><strong>What caused Exxon’s leak?</strong> <a href="http://petrowiki.org/Floating_roof_tanks">Floating roofs</a> are a common design element of petroleum tanks, a way to control and limit how much crude oil is lost to evaporation. The roofs rise and fall as the company fills the tank, meaning rain buildup plus inadequate drainage can cause the roofs to collapse. <a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.917.7992&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">A 2007 study </a>found these tanks are also prone to buckling and becoming dislodged during hurricanes, due to their thin walls and unsteady foundations.</p>
<p><strong>Leaks from other companies are worse.</strong> Pasadena Terminal, a 174-acre facility near the Houston Ship Channel, <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266269">reported the release of 394,000 pounds</a> of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and &nbsp;Monday &#8212; none of which is allowed under the terminal’s permits. The facility, <a href="https://www.kindermorgan.com/content/docs/terminalbrochures/g_Pasadena.pdf">which is operated by Kinder Morgan</a>, is a waypoint for oil pipelines owned by companies like Chevron, Shell and Teppco across Texas. It stores nearly 19 million barrels of petrochemicals.</p>
<div id="attachment_226095" style="max-width: 656px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg" alt="A Kinder Morgan regulatory filing about an emissions event at Pasadena Terminal  that released 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and Monday. Screenshot by NewsHour" width="646" height="600" class="size-full wp-image-226095" srcset="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017.jpeg 646w, https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/08/Pasadena-terminal_emission-event_27Aug2017-300x279.jpeg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">A <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&#038;target=266269" target="_blank">Kinder Morgan regulatory filing</a> about an emissions event at Pasadena Terminal that released 394,000 pounds of hazardous chemical vapors between Sunday and Monday. Screenshot by NewsHour</p></div>
<p>Over the course of an hour Sunday night, a separate ExxonMobil facility in Beaumont &#8212; 88 miles east of Houston &#8212; <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266314">released 1,300 pounds of sulfur dioxide</a> due to damage caused by Hurricane Harvey. That’s approximately 10 times the amount allowed by the company’s permits. A Shell Oil facility near Houston also reported <a href="http://www2.tceq.texas.gov/oce/eer/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.getDetails&amp;target=266341">a small release of chemical vapors</a> due to problems with a floating roof.</p>
<p>The Environmental Defense Fund, an advocacy group, reported that <a href="https://www.edf.org/media/toxic-air-pollution-one-harveys-unseen-dangers" target="_blank">more than 1 million pounds of air pollutants were released by Houston&#8217;s petrochemical industry</a> due to Hurricane Harvey. </p>
<p>All of the filings involve initial reports to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. The final estimates of these chemical emissions may change.</p>
<p><strong>What happens next</strong> An ExxonMobil spokesperson <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/29/exxonmobil-refineries-damaged-in-hurricane-harvey-releasing-hazardous-pollutants/">told the Washington Post</a> that the company would assess the situation once the storm abates and it is safe to do so.</p>
<p>In its filing, Pasadena Terminal said it is “taking all necessary steps to prevent or minimize any increased risk to human health and safety and to the environment.”</p>

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<p>A Harris County official on Tuesday also warned that buried pipelines could <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/louisiana/articles/2017-08-29/the-latest-heavy-rains-present-risk-to-houston-pipelines">fall victim to scouring and breakage</a> due to fast-moving floodwaters in the Houston Ship Channel. </p>
<p>A spokesperson from the Texas General Land Office, which handles liquid pollution from petrochemical facilities in the Houston area, said its officials will not be able to assess pollutants in the water until the flooding in the area calms down. Texas officials <a href="https://www.tceq.texas.gov/response/hurricanes">have issued boil water notices</a> for multiple parts of Harris County and for elsewhere in the state.</p>
<p><em>Hannah Grabenstein contributed to the reporting of this story.</em></p>


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                                        <span class="link-list__date">Mar 24</span>
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                    </ol>
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                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/fbi-contradicts-white-house-timeline-of-rob-porter-events" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4SUIK-425x283.jpg" alt="White House Staff Secretary Rob Porter arrives with U.S. President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump aboard Air Force One at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, on Feb. 5, 2018. Photo by Jonathan Ernst/Reuters" />
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/fbi-contradicts-white-house-timeline-of-rob-porter-events" class="card-sm__title"><span>FBI contradicts White House timeline of Rob Porter events</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Deb Reichmann, Associated Press and Zeke Miller, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-white-house-may-address-ongoing-immigration-debate" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/09/sarahhuckabeesanders-1-300x200.jpg" alt="White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders holds the daily briefing at the White House in Washington, U.S., September 8, 2017. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst - RC1AE5483D80" />
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-white-house-may-address-ongoing-immigration-debate" class="card-sm__title"><span>WATCH LIVE: White House may address ongoing immigration debate</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

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                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/conservatives-lash-out-at-gop-spending-binge" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VRWE-425x277.jpg" alt="New copies of President Donald Trump&#039;s Budget for the U.S. Government for the Fiscal Year 2019 lay on a display table at the U.S. Government Publishing Office in Washington, D.C. Photo by Leah Millis/Reuters" />
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                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy">Economy</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/conservatives-lash-out-at-gop-spending-binge" class="card-sm__title"><span>Conservatives lash out at GOP spending binge</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Steve Peoples, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/a-top-officials-sudden-departure-adds-to-the-strain-of-vacancies-at-the-justice-department" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/newshour/app/uploads/2017/05/RTS13R1K-300x200.jpg" alt="Attorney General Jeff Sessions delivers remarks at the Ethics and Compliance Initiative annual conference in Washington, D.C. Photo by Yuri Gripas/Reuters" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/a-top-officials-sudden-departure-adds-to-the-strain-of-vacancies-at-the-justice-department" class="card-sm__title"><span>A top official&#8217;s sudden departure adds to the strain of vacancies at the Justice Department</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Sadie Gurman, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-intelligence-agencies-expect-russia-to-target-2018-midterms" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4WE6C-425x276.jpg" alt="Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Director Christopher Wray; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Director Mike Pompeo; and Director of National Intelligence (DNI) Dan Coats testify before a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on &quot;World Wide Threats&quot; on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. Photo by Leah Millis/Reuters" />
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                    </a>
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    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-intelligence-agencies-expect-russia-to-target-2018-midterms" class="card-sm__title"><span>U.S. intelligence agencies expect Russia to target 2018 midterms</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Deb Reichmann, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

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                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/russia-says-deadly-plane-crash-may-have-been-caused-by-human-error" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VLFB-425x291.jpg" alt="A man stands near a part of a Saratov Airlines Antonov AN-148 plane that crashed after taking off from Moscow&#039;s Domodedovo airport, outside Moscow. Photo by Maxim Shemetov/Reuters" />
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    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/russia-says-deadly-plane-crash-may-have-been-caused-by-human-error" class="card-sm__title"><span>Russia says deadly plane crash may have been caused by human error</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Vladimir Isachenkov, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/trump-prods-congress-amid-debate-on-immigration" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4RIYH-425x283.jpg" alt="U.S. President Donald Trump, flanked by Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen (C), meets with members of Congress and U.S. law enforcement about crime and immigration issues, specifically the MS-13 gang, at the White House in Washington, U.S. February 6, 2018. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst - RC176E856DF0" />
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                    </a>
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    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/trump-prods-congress-amid-debate-on-immigration" class="card-sm__title"><span>Trump prods Congress amid debate on immigration</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Alan Fram, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/has-the-democrats-all-or-nothing-fight-over-daca-sidelined-comprehensive-immigration-reform" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4S4EX-425x282.jpg" alt="U.S. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) walk to the Senate chamber on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., February 7, 2018. REUTERS/Eric Thayer - RC1FA5A1A240" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 13</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/has-the-democrats-all-or-nothing-fight-over-daca-sidelined-comprehensive-immigration-reform" class="card-sm__title"><span>Has the Democrats&#8217; all-or-nothing fight over DACA sidelined comprehensive immigration reform?</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Daniel Bush</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/opioid-makers-gave-10-million-to-advocacy-groups-that-promoted-use-of-their-pills-report-says" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/07/OxyContin_opioids_RTS13X60-300x252.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/07/OxyContin_opioids_RTS13X60-300x252.jpg" alt="Bottles of prescription painkiller OxyContin, 40mg, 20mg and 15mg pills, made by Purdue Pharma L.D. sit on a counter at a local pharmacy, in Provo, Utah, U.S., April 25, 2017. Photo by George Frey/REUTERS" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/opioid-makers-gave-10-million-to-advocacy-groups-that-promoted-use-of-their-pills-report-says" class="card-sm__title"><span>Opioid makers gave $10 million to advocacy groups that promoted use of their pills, report says</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Matthew Perrone, Associated Press and Geoff Mulvihill, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/2-baltimore-police-officers-found-guilty-in-federal-corruption-case" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/baltimorepolice-425x307.jpg" alt="Jaz Jacobs (L) and Kevin Walloons gather to remember Freddie Gray and all victims of police violence during a rally outside city hall in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., July 27, 2016. REUTERS/Bryan Woolston - S1BETSBQDAAA" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/2-baltimore-police-officers-found-guilty-in-federal-corruption-case" class="card-sm__title"><span>2 Baltimore police officers found guilty in federal corruption case</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Joshua Barajas</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/american-olympians-made-history-this-weekend-heres-what-to-watch-next" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4UZ4K-425x281.jpg" alt="Summer Britcher of the U.S. trains ahead of Monday&#039;s competition. Photo by REUTERS/Edgar Su." />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/american-olympians-made-history-this-weekend-heres-what-to-watch-next" class="card-sm__title"><span>American Olympians made history this weekend. Here&#8217;s what to watch next</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Courtney Norris</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/amazon-planning-to-cut-hundreds-of-jobs" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4TVCI-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4TVCI-425x283.jpg" alt="FILE PHOTO: Amazon boxes are seen stacked for delivery in Manhattan, New York, U.S., January 29, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Segar/File Photo - RC195C73F800" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense">Making Sen$e</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/amazon-planning-to-cut-hundreds-of-jobs" class="card-sm__title"><span>Amazon planning to cut hundreds of jobs</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Jessica Yarvin</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-trump-says-its-up-to-congress-to-act-on-plan-to-rebuild-roads" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/turmp-425x289.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/turmp-425x289.jpg" alt="U.S. President Donald Trump holds a meeting on his infrastructure initiative at the White House in Washington, U.S., February 12, 2018. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque - RC1E3C39B350" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-trump-says-its-up-to-congress-to-act-on-plan-to-rebuild-roads" class="card-sm__title"><span>WATCH: Trump says it&#8217;s &#8216;up to&#8217; Congress to act on plan to rebuild roads</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Ken Thomas, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/donald-trump-jr-s-wife-hospitalized-after-she-opened-an-envelope-with-white-powder" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VSAK-425x255.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VSAK-425x255.jpg" alt="FILE PHOTO: Donald Trump Jr. (C) hugs his father, Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump, as Donald Jr&#039;s wife Vanessa (L) walks past after Trump accepted the Republican presidential nomination at the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio U.S. July 21, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Segar/File Photo" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/donald-trump-jr-s-wife-hospitalized-after-she-opened-an-envelope-with-white-powder" class="card-sm__title"><span>Donald Trump Jr.&#8217;s wife hospitalized after she opened an envelope with white powder</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-white-house-may-address-budget-proposal-immigration-debate" class="card-sm__img">
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                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/11/RTS1F9YN-425x283.jpg" alt="File photo of White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders by Yuri Gripas/Reuters" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-white-house-may-address-budget-proposal-immigration-debate" class="card-sm__title"><span>WATCH: White House says Trump takes domestic violence very seriously</span></a>

        
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/senate-begins-rare-debate-on-immigration-and-dreamers-will-they-find-a-solution" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4KAV2-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4KAV2-425x283.jpg" alt="&#039;Dreamers&#039; react as they meet with relatives during the &#039;Keep Our Dream Alive&#039; binational meeting at a new section of the border wall on the U.S.-Mexico border in Sunland Park in December. Photo by Jose Luis Gonzalez/Reuters" />
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                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/senate-begins-rare-debate-on-immigration-and-dreamers-will-they-find-a-solution" class="card-sm__title"><span>WATCH: Senate begins rare debate on immigration and ‘Dreamers&#8217;</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Alan Fram, Associated Press</p>
        

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</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/london-city-airport-shuts-down-after-discovery-of-unexploded-wwii-bomb" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VNTT-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VNTT-425x283.jpg" alt="Passengers alight from a train to enter City Airport in London. Photo by Toby Melville/Reuters" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world">World</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/london-city-airport-shuts-down-after-discovery-of-unexploded-wwii-bomb" class="card-sm__title"><span>London City Airport shuts down after discovery of unexploded WWII bomb</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/trumps-proposed-4-trillion-budget-would-sharply-raise-the-deficit" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VQIX-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VQIX-425x283.jpg" alt="Copies of the President Trump&#039;s FY 2019 budget proposal are delivered to the House Budget Committee offices on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. Photo by Jonathan Ernst/Reuters" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy">Economy</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/trumps-proposed-4-trillion-budget-would-sharply-raise-the-deficit" class="card-sm__title"><span>Trump&#8217;s proposed $4 trillion budget would sharply raise the deficit</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Andrew Taylor, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-national-portrait-gallery-unveils-portraits-of-barack-michelle-obama" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VRDE-425x283.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/02/RTX4VRDE-425x283.jpg" alt="Former President Barack Obama stands between painted portraits of himself and that of former first lady Michelle Obama during an unveiling ceremony at the Smithsonian&#039;s National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. Photo by Jim Bourg/Reuters" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics">Politics</a>
                        <span>Feb 12</span>
        </p>
        
        
        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-national-portrait-gallery-unveils-portraits-of-barack-michelle-obama" class="card-sm__title"><span>WATCH: National Portrait Gallery unveils portraits of Barack, Michelle Obama</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Ashraf Khalil, Associated Press</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

                    

<article class="card-sm">

    <figure class="card-sm__figure" >
                <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/new-york-attorney-general-sues-harvey-weinstein-and-his-company" class="card-sm__img">
                        <div class="card-sm__overlay"></div>
                          <div class="card-sm__img-bg" style="background-image: url('https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/11/RTS1IDVZ-425x266.jpg')">
                  <img src="https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2017/11/RTS1IDVZ-425x266.jpg" alt="" />
              </div>
                    </a>
    </figure>
    <div class="card-sm__body">

                <p class="card-sm__meta">
                                            <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation">Nation</a>
                        <span>Feb 11</span>
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        <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/new-york-attorney-general-sues-harvey-weinstein-and-his-company" class="card-sm__title"><span>New York attorney general sues Harvey Weinstein and his company</span></a>

        
                <p class="card-sm__byline"><span>By</span> Kamala Kelkar</p>
        

    </div>
</article>

            </div>
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