<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><base href="/"><title>Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston</title><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no"><link rel="canonical" itemprop="url" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/"><script>!function(e){function n(r){if(t[r])return t[r].exports;var o=t[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,n),o.l=!0,o.exports}var r=window.webpackJsonp;window.webpackJsonp=function(t,c,a){for(var i,u,f,s=0,d=[];s<t.length;s++)u=t[s],o[u]&&d.push(o[u][0]),o[u]=0;for(i in c)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(c,i)&&(e[i]=c[i]);for(r&&r(t,c,a);d.length;)d.shift()();if(a)for(s=0;s<a.length;s++)f=n(n.s=a[s]);return f};var t={},o={6:0};n.e=function(e){function r(){i.onerror=i.onload=null,clearTimeout(u);var n=o[e];0!==n&&(n&&n[1](new Error("Loading chunk "+e+" failed.")),o[e]=void 0)}var t=o[e];if(0===t)return new Promise(function(e){e()});if(t)return t[2];var c=new Promise(function(n,r){t=o[e]=[n,r]});t[2]=c;var a=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],i=document.createElement("script");i.type="text/javascript",i.charset="utf-8",i.async=!0,i.timeout=12e4,n.nc&&i.setAttribute("nonce",n.nc),i.src=n.p+""+{0:"b3056f14109d40f516b9",1:"0d7683a639ce670fd024",2:"592cd7ae7764dbb9d67f",3:"cea8367bd577e5ce4f5e",4:"a17266e441f78003f801",5:"5cce5763d5fae8f227ba"}[e]+"."+e+".chunk.js";var u=setTimeout(r,12e4);return i.onerror=i.onload=r,a.appendChild(i),c},n.m=e,n.c=t,n.d=function(e,r,t){n.o(e,r)||Object.defineProperty(e,r,{configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,get:t})},n.n=function(e){var r=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return n.d(r,"a",r),r},n.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},n.p="https://i.forbesimg.com/ng2/",n.oe=function(e){throw console.error(e),e}}([])</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://i.forbesimg.com/ng2/592cd7ae7764dbb9d67f.polyfills.js" defer="defer"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://i.forbesimg.com/ng2/cea8367bd577e5ce4f5e.vendors.js" defer="defer"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://i.forbesimg.com/ng2/5cce5763d5fae8f227ba.fbs.js" defer="defer"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://i.forbesimg.com/ng2/a17266e441f78003f801.app.js" defer="defer"></script><style ng-transition="ng-templates">html{font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.15;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,aside,footer,header,nav,section{display:block}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}figcaption,figure,main{display:block}figure{margin:1em 40px}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}pre{font-family:monospace, monospace;font-size:1em}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace, monospace;font-size:1em}dfn{font-style:italic}mark{background-color:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-0.25em}sup{top:-0.5em}audio,video{display:inline-block}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}img{border-style:none}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html [type="button"],[type="reset"],[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button}button::-moz-focus-inner,[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}button:-moz-focusring,[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:0.35em 0.625em 0.75em}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}progress{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}textarea{overflow:auto}[type="checkbox"],[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}details,menu{display:block}summary{display:list-item}canvas{display:inline-block}template{display:none}[hidden]{display:none}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}html,body{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:"Avenir","Noto Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",Corbel,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-feature-settings:'kern';font-feature-settings:'kern';-webkit-font-kerning:normal;-moz-font-kerning:normal;font-kerning:normal;-webkit-font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures;font-variant-ligatures:common-ligatures}img{width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto !important;display:block}figure{margin:0}figure img{display:block;max-width:100%}a{cursor:pointer;color:inherit}button{border:none;outline:none;padding:0;background:none;cursor:pointer}i,em{font-style:italic}b,strong{font-weight:bold}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}p a{color:#003891}p a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.container{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.container:before,.container:after{content:" ";display:table}.container:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width: 1230px){.container{width:1170px}}.container-fluid{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.container-fluid:before,.container-fluid:after{content:" ";display:table}.container-fluid:after{clear:both}.row{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.row:before,.row:after{content:" ";display:table}.row:after{clear:both}.col-xs-1,.col-sm-1,.col-md-1,.col-lg-1,.col-xs-2,.col-sm-2,.col-md-2,.col-lg-2,.col-xs-3,.col-sm-3,.col-md-3,.col-lg-3,.col-xs-4,.col-sm-4,.col-md-4,.col-lg-4,.col-xs-5,.col-sm-5,.col-md-5,.col-lg-5,.col-xs-6,.col-sm-6,.col-md-6,.col-lg-6,.col-xs-7,.col-sm-7,.col-md-7,.col-lg-7,.col-xs-8,.col-sm-8,.col-md-8,.col-lg-8,.col-xs-9,.col-sm-9,.col-md-9,.col-lg-9,.col-xs-10,.col-sm-10,.col-md-10,.col-lg-10,.col-xs-11,.col-sm-11,.col-md-11,.col-lg-11,.col-xs-12,.col-sm-12,.col-md-12,.col-lg-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.col-xs-1,.col-xs-2,.col-xs-3,.col-xs-4,.col-xs-5,.col-xs-6,.col-xs-7,.col-xs-8,.col-xs-9,.col-xs-10,.col-xs-11,.col-xs-12{float:left}.col-xs-1{width:8.33333%}.col-xs-2{width:16.66667%}.col-xs-3{width:25%}.col-xs-4{width:33.33333%}.col-xs-5{width:41.66667%}.col-xs-6{width:50%}.col-xs-7{width:58.33333%}.col-xs-8{width:66.66667%}.col-xs-9{width:75%}.col-xs-10{width:83.33333%}.col-xs-11{width:91.66667%}.col-xs-12{width:100%}.col-xs-pull-0{right:auto}.col-xs-pull-1{right:8.33333%}.col-xs-pull-2{right:16.66667%}.col-xs-pull-3{right:25%}.col-xs-pull-4{right:33.33333%}.col-xs-pull-5{right:41.66667%}.col-xs-pull-6{right:50%}.col-xs-pull-7{right:58.33333%}.col-xs-pull-8{right:66.66667%}.col-xs-pull-9{right:75%}.col-xs-pull-10{right:83.33333%}.col-xs-pull-11{right:91.66667%}.col-xs-pull-12{right:100%}.col-xs-push-0{left:auto}.col-xs-push-1{left:8.33333%}.col-xs-push-2{left:16.66667%}.col-xs-push-3{left:25%}.col-xs-push-4{left:33.33333%}.col-xs-push-5{left:41.66667%}.col-xs-push-6{left:50%}.col-xs-push-7{left:58.33333%}.col-xs-push-8{left:66.66667%}.col-xs-push-9{left:75%}.col-xs-push-10{left:83.33333%}.col-xs-push-11{left:91.66667%}.col-xs-push-12{left:100%}.col-xs-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-xs-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333%}.col-xs-offset-2{margin-left:16.66667%}.col-xs-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-xs-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333%}.col-xs-offset-5{margin-left:41.66667%}.col-xs-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-xs-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333%}.col-xs-offset-8{margin-left:66.66667%}.col-xs-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-xs-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333%}.col-xs-offset-11{margin-left:91.66667%}.col-xs-offset-12{margin-left:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12{float:left}.col-sm-1{width:8.33333%}.col-sm-2{width:16.66667%}.col-sm-3{width:25%}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333%}.col-sm-5{width:41.66667%}.col-sm-6{width:50%}.col-sm-7{width:58.33333%}.col-sm-8{width:66.66667%}.col-sm-9{width:75%}.col-sm-10{width:83.33333%}.col-sm-11{width:91.66667%}.col-sm-12{width:100%}.col-sm-pull-0{right:auto}.col-sm-pull-1{right:8.33333%}.col-sm-pull-2{right:16.66667%}.col-sm-pull-3{right:25%}.col-sm-pull-4{right:33.33333%}.col-sm-pull-5{right:41.66667%}.col-sm-pull-6{right:50%}.col-sm-pull-7{right:58.33333%}.col-sm-pull-8{right:66.66667%}.col-sm-pull-9{right:75%}.col-sm-pull-10{right:83.33333%}.col-sm-pull-11{right:91.66667%}.col-sm-pull-12{right:100%}.col-sm-push-0{left:auto}.col-sm-push-1{left:8.33333%}.col-sm-push-2{left:16.66667%}.col-sm-push-3{left:25%}.col-sm-push-4{left:33.33333%}.col-sm-push-5{left:41.66667%}.col-sm-push-6{left:50%}.col-sm-push-7{left:58.33333%}.col-sm-push-8{left:66.66667%}.col-sm-push-9{left:75%}.col-sm-push-10{left:83.33333%}.col-sm-push-11{left:91.66667%}.col-sm-push-12{left:100%}.col-sm-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-sm-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333%}.col-sm-offset-2{margin-left:16.66667%}.col-sm-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-sm-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333%}.col-sm-offset-5{margin-left:41.66667%}.col-sm-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-sm-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333%}.col-sm-offset-8{margin-left:66.66667%}.col-sm-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-sm-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333%}.col-sm-offset-11{margin-left:91.66667%}.col-sm-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.col-md-1,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12{float:left}.col-md-1{width:8.33333%}.col-md-2{width:16.66667%}.col-md-3{width:25%}.col-md-4{width:33.33333%}.col-md-5{width:41.66667%}.col-md-6{width:50%}.col-md-7{width:58.33333%}.col-md-8{width:66.66667%}.col-md-9{width:75%}.col-md-10{width:83.33333%}.col-md-11{width:91.66667%}.col-md-12{width:100%}.col-md-pull-0{right:auto}.col-md-pull-1{right:8.33333%}.col-md-pull-2{right:16.66667%}.col-md-pull-3{right:25%}.col-md-pull-4{right:33.33333%}.col-md-pull-5{right:41.66667%}.col-md-pull-6{right:50%}.col-md-pull-7{right:58.33333%}.col-md-pull-8{right:66.66667%}.col-md-pull-9{right:75%}.col-md-pull-10{right:83.33333%}.col-md-pull-11{right:91.66667%}.col-md-pull-12{right:100%}.col-md-push-0{left:auto}.col-md-push-1{left:8.33333%}.col-md-push-2{left:16.66667%}.col-md-push-3{left:25%}.col-md-push-4{left:33.33333%}.col-md-push-5{left:41.66667%}.col-md-push-6{left:50%}.col-md-push-7{left:58.33333%}.col-md-push-8{left:66.66667%}.col-md-push-9{left:75%}.col-md-push-10{left:83.33333%}.col-md-push-11{left:91.66667%}.col-md-push-12{left:100%}.col-md-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-md-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333%}.col-md-offset-2{margin-left:16.66667%}.col-md-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-md-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333%}.col-md-offset-5{margin-left:41.66667%}.col-md-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-md-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333%}.col-md-offset-8{margin-left:66.66667%}.col-md-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-md-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333%}.col-md-offset-11{margin-left:91.66667%}.col-md-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}@media (min-width: 1230px){.col-lg-1,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12{float:left}.col-lg-1{width:8.33333%}.col-lg-2{width:16.66667%}.col-lg-3{width:25%}.col-lg-4{width:33.33333%}.col-lg-5{width:41.66667%}.col-lg-6{width:50%}.col-lg-7{width:58.33333%}.col-lg-8{width:66.66667%}.col-lg-9{width:75%}.col-lg-10{width:83.33333%}.col-lg-11{width:91.66667%}.col-lg-12{width:100%}.col-lg-pull-0{right:auto}.col-lg-pull-1{right:8.33333%}.col-lg-pull-2{right:16.66667%}.col-lg-pull-3{right:25%}.col-lg-pull-4{right:33.33333%}.col-lg-pull-5{right:41.66667%}.col-lg-pull-6{right:50%}.col-lg-pull-7{right:58.33333%}.col-lg-pull-8{right:66.66667%}.col-lg-pull-9{right:75%}.col-lg-pull-10{right:83.33333%}.col-lg-pull-11{right:91.66667%}.col-lg-pull-12{right:100%}.col-lg-push-0{left:auto}.col-lg-push-1{left:8.33333%}.col-lg-push-2{left:16.66667%}.col-lg-push-3{left:25%}.col-lg-push-4{left:33.33333%}.col-lg-push-5{left:41.66667%}.col-lg-push-6{left:50%}.col-lg-push-7{left:58.33333%}.col-lg-push-8{left:66.66667%}.col-lg-push-9{left:75%}.col-lg-push-10{left:83.33333%}.col-lg-push-11{left:91.66667%}.col-lg-push-12{left:100%}.col-lg-offset-0{margin-left:0%}.col-lg-offset-1{margin-left:8.33333%}.col-lg-offset-2{margin-left:16.66667%}.col-lg-offset-3{margin-left:25%}.col-lg-offset-4{margin-left:33.33333%}.col-lg-offset-5{margin-left:41.66667%}.col-lg-offset-6{margin-left:50%}.col-lg-offset-7{margin-left:58.33333%}.col-lg-offset-8{margin-left:66.66667%}.col-lg-offset-9{margin-left:75%}.col-lg-offset-10{margin-left:83.33333%}.col-lg-offset-11{margin-left:91.66667%}.col-lg-offset-12{margin-left:100%}}.clearfix:before,.clearfix:after{content:" ";display:table}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.pull-right{float:right !important}.pull-left{float:left !important}.fs-hidden{display:none !important}.fs-clearfix:before,.fs-clearfix:after{content:" ";display:table}.fs-clearfix:after{clear:both}body{font-size:.9375em;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@media (min-width: 480px){body{font-size:calc(.9375em + (18 - 15) * (100vw - 480px) / (1400 - 480))}}@media (min-width: 1400px){body{font-size:1.125em}}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,ul,li,ol{-webkit-margin-before:0;-webkit-margin-after:0}h1,.fs-text-xxl{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:normal}h2,.fs-text-xl{font-size:2rem;font-weight:normal}h3,.fs-text-l{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal}h4,.fs-text-m{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:normal}h5,.fs-text-s{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal}h6,.fs-text-xs{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal}small,.fs-text-xxs{font-size:0.625rem;font-weight:normal}h1.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-xxl.fs-responsive-text{font-size:2.5em}h2.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-xl.fs-responsive-text{font-size:2em}h3.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-l.fs-responsive-text{font-size:1.5em}h4.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-m.fs-responsive-text{font-size:1.25em}h5.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-s.fs-responsive-text{font-size:0.875em}h6.fs-responsive-text,.fs-text-xs.fs-responsive-text{font-size:0.75em}.fs-text-xxs.fs-responsive-text{font-size:0.625em}.fs-headline{line-height:1.25;font-family:"Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif;font-weight:normal;margin:0}.fs-text-margin{margin:1.6rem 0}ul{list-style:none;-webkit-padding-start:0}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit}.fs-text-link{color:#003891;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(0,56,145,0.5), rgba(0,56,145,0.5));background-size:1px 1px;background-repeat:repeat-x;background-position:0 1.2em;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.fs-text-link:before,.fs-text-link:after,.fs-text-link *,.fs-text-link *:before,.fs-text-link *:after{text-shadow:none}.fs-text-link:visited{color:#003891}.fs-text-link:hover{background-image:linear-gradient(#003891, #003891)}@media (min-width: 48rem){.fs-text-link{background-position:0 1.3em}}.fs-card{padding:1em 0}.fs-card:before,.fs-card:after{content:" ";display:table}.fs-card:after{clear:both}.fs-card-metric{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;color:gray;display:block;line-height:1;margin-bottom:1em}.fs-card-metric span{margin-right:1.5em}.fs-card-metric-type{font-weight:bold;color:#999}.fs-card-metric-time{font-style:italic;color:#666}.fs-card-metric-views{color:#333}.fs-card-thumb{width:20%;margin-right:1em;float:left;max-width:200px}.fs-card--basic .fs-card-thumb:after{background:gray;content:'';display:block;padding-top:100%;width:100%}.fs-card-info{overflow:auto}.fs-author{display:block;font-style:normal}.fs-author:before,.fs-author:after{content:" ";display:table}.fs-author:after{clear:both}.fs-author-avatar{width:20%;max-width:1em;margin-right:1em;float:left;position:relative}.fs-author-image{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.15);max-width:100%;border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden}.fs-author-badge{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0}.fs-author-badge .icon-flame{background:#ffc000;border-radius:50%;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;display:inline-block;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.fs-author-name{font-weight:bold}.fs-author--inline{margin-top:.5em}.fs-author--inline .fs-author-info{line-height:1em}.fs-author--inline .fs-author-avatar{margin-right:.5em}.fs-author--inline .fs-author-byline{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal}.fs-author--inline .fs-author-title{margin-left:.5em}.fs-card-description{font-size:0.75em;color:#4D4D4D;line-height:1.5;overflow:auto;margin:.5em 0 0;display:none}@media (min-width: 768px){.fs-card-description{display:block}}.fs-card--dark{color:#fff}.fs-card--dark .fs-author-title .icon-staff-verified{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7)}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-content{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-content:before{content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:56.25%}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-thumb{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:100%;margin-right:auto;float:none;max-width:none}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-thumb:after{background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, rgba(0,0,0,0.8));bottom:0;content:'';left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:-2em}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-info{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;padding:1em;z-index:1}.fs-card--cover .fs-headline{font-size:1.25em}.fs-card--cover .fs-card-thumb{background-size:cover}.fs-article{line-height:1.5;max-width:42em}.fs-article h1,.fs-article h2,.fs-article h3,.fs-article h4,.fs-article h5,.fs-article h6,.fs-article p,.fs-article ol,.fs-article pre,.fs-article table,.fs-article blockquote{margin:1.6rem 0}.fs-article>div:first-child>:first-child{margin-top:0}.fs-article a{text-decoration:none;color:#003891}.fs-article a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.fs-article .table-wrapper{margin:10px 0;overflow-x:auto}.fs-article td,.fs-article th{padding:3px 5px;vertical-align:top;font-size:0.75em}.fs-article thead tr{background:#ccc}.fs-article thead th{font-weight:bold;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-left:1px solid #fff}.fs-article tbody tr{border-bottom:2px solid #fff}.fs-article tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background:#F2F2F2}.fs-article tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#E6E6E6}.fs-article tbody td{border-left:1px solid #fff}.fs-article tbody td p{margin:0}.fs-article tfoot td{color:#999;padding:1px;font-size:0.625em}.fs-article blockquote{position:relative;padding-left:1.75em}.fs-article blockquote:before{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;content:"\201C";color:#B3B3B3;font-size:2.5em}.article-body-image{line-height:0;position:relative}.article-body-image small{position:absolute;bottom:0;line-height:1;padding:.25em;color:#fff;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:22px;position:relative;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@media (min-width: 480px){.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:calc(22px + (40 - 22) * (100vw - 20rem) / (1400 - 320))}}@media (min-width: 1400px){.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:40px}}.article-body.fs-responsive-text{font-family:"Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif;font-size:17.6px;line-height:1.4em}.wp-caption-text{line-height:1.4em}@media all and (min-width: 1401px){.article-body.fs-responsive-text{font-size:21px}.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:40.76px}}@media all and (min-width: 1025px) and (max-width: 1400px){.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:32.44px;line-height:1.2em}}@media all and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px){.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:27.44px;line-height:1.3em}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.fs-main-content h1.fs-headline{font-size:32.64px;line-height:1.3em}}@media print{.article-video-placeholder,.top-ad-container,.ad-rail-container,sidenav,navbar,footer,medianet,speed-bump,fbs-ad,fbs-video,page[aria-current="false"]{display:none !important}channel-path .logo,channel-path .crumb:before{display:inline-block !important;font-size:15px !important}stream.sidebar-expanded{-webkit-transform:none !important;transform:none !important;margin-left:0 !important}.body-container{width:100%}}.fs-article .embedly-embed{height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.fs-article .embedly-wrap{height:0;position:relative;width:100%}.fs-article .image-embed div,.fs-article .wp-caption div{line-height:0;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.fs-article .image-embed fbs-accordion,.fs-article .wp-caption fbs-accordion{display:block}.fs-article .image-embed fbs-accordion [aria-expanded="false"],.fs-article .wp-caption fbs-accordion [aria-expanded="false"]{height:1.25em}.fs-article .image-embed fbs-accordion.expandable p,.fs-article .wp-caption fbs-accordion.expandable p{padding-right:1em;position:relative}.fs-article .image-embed fbs-accordion.expandable p[aria-expanded="false"]:after,.fs-article .wp-caption fbs-accordion.expandable p[aria-expanded="false"]:after{content:"[+]";position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.fs-article .image-embed fbs-accordion.expandable p[aria-expanded="true"]:after,.fs-article .wp-caption fbs-accordion.expandable p[aria-expanded="true"]:after{content:" [-]";height:auto}.fs-article .image-embed figcaption,.fs-article .wp-caption figcaption{font-size:.75rem;font-style:italic;line-height:1.4;margin-top:0.5em}.fs-article .image-embed p,.fs-article .wp-caption p{margin:0}.fs-article .image-embed p:after,.fs-article .wp-caption p:after{font-style:normal}.fs-article .image-embed small,.fs-article .wp-caption small{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);bottom:0;color:#fff;line-height:1;padding:0.25em;position:absolute}.fs-article .wp-caption-text{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;margin-top:0.5em;position:relative}.fs-article .link-embed{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#000;display:block;padding:20px;text-decoration:none;width:100%}.fs-article .link-embed header{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:20px}.fs-article .link-embed small{display:block}.fs-article .link-embed .provider-name{font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.btn{font-size:0.875em;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:bold;border-radius:5px;cursor:pointer;line-height:1;border:none;box-sizing:border-box;transition:all 200ms ease}.btn.btn-rect-lg{padding:1.5em 1em}.btn.btn-rect-sm{padding:0.75em 1em}.btn.btn-square{width:45px;height:45px;padding:1.1em 1em}.btn.btn-circle{width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn.btn-black{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.btn.btn-black:hover{background-color:#1a1a1a;color:#fff}.btn.btn-black.secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #000;color:#000;color:#000}.btn.btn-black.secondary:hover{color:#1a1a1a;border:2px solid #1a1a1a}.btn.btn-gray{background-color:#999;color:#fff}.btn.btn-gray:hover{background-color:#b3b3b3;color:#fff}.btn.btn-gray.secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #999;color:#999;color:#000}.btn.btn-gray.secondary:hover{color:#b3b3b3;border:2px solid #b3b3b3}.btn.btn-blue{background-color:#069eec;color:#fff}.btn.btn-blue:hover{background-color:#2bb4fa;color:#fff}.btn.btn-blue.secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #069eec;color:#069eec;color:#000}.btn.btn-blue.secondary:hover{color:#2bb4fa;border:2px solid #2bb4fa}.btn.btn-red{background-color:#f0222e;color:#fff}.btn.btn-red:hover{background-color:#f3525b;color:#fff}.btn.btn-red.secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #f0222e;color:#f0222e;color:#000}.btn.btn-red.secondary:hover{color:#f3525b;border:2px solid #f3525b}.btn.btn-yellow{background-color:#ffc000;color:#000}.btn.btn-yellow:hover{background-color:#ffcd33;color:#1a1a1a}.btn.btn-yellow.secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #ffc000;color:#ffc000;color:#000}.btn.btn-yellow.secondary:hover{color:#ffcd33;border:2px solid #ffcd33}.btn:hover{box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.btn:active{box-shadow:none;top:0.5px;left:0.5px}.btn-facebook{background-color:#3b5998;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-facebook:hover{background-color:#4c70ba;color:#fff}.btn-facebook-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #3b5998;color:#3b5998;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-facebook-secondary:hover{color:#4c70ba;border:2px solid #4c70ba}.btn-google{background-color:#dd4b39;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-google:hover{background-color:#e47365;color:#fff}.btn-google-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #dd4b39;color:#dd4b39;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-google-secondary:hover{color:#e47365;border:2px solid #e47365}.btn-linkedin{background-color:#0077b5;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-linkedin:hover{background-color:#0099e8;color:#fff}.btn-linkedin-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #0077b5;color:#0077b5;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-linkedin-secondary:hover{color:#0099e8;border:2px solid #0099e8}.btn-twitter{background-color:#55acee;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-twitter:hover{background-color:#83c3f3;color:#fff}.btn-twitter-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #55acee;color:#55acee;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-twitter-secondary:hover{color:#83c3f3;border:2px solid #83c3f3}.btn-instagram{background-color:#333;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-instagram:hover{background-color:#4d4d4d;color:#fff}.btn-instagram-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #333;color:#333;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-instagram-secondary:hover{color:#4d4d4d;border:2px solid #4d4d4d}.btn-youtube{background-color:#cd201f;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-youtube:hover{background-color:#e23e3d;color:#fff}.btn-youtube-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #cd201f;color:#cd201f;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-youtube-secondary:hover{color:#e23e3d;border:2px solid #e23e3d}.btn-pinterest{background-color:#bd081c;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-pinterest:hover{background-color:#ee0a23;color:#fff}.btn-pinterest-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #bd081c;color:#bd081c;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-pinterest-secondary:hover{color:#ee0a23;border:2px solid #ee0a23}.btn-email{background-color:#999;color:#fff;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-email:hover{background-color:#b3b3b3;color:#fff}.btn-email-secondary{background-color:#fff;border:2px solid #999;color:#999;width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%}.btn-email-secondary:hover{color:#b3b3b3;border:2px solid #b3b3b3}@font-face{font-family:"forbesicon";src:url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.eot");src:url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"),url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.woff") format("woff"),url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.ttf") format("truetype"),url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.svg#forbesicon") format("svg");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0){@font-face{font-family:"forbesicon";src:url("https://i.forbesimg.com/assets/fonts/fbs-typography/0233/forbesicon.svg#forbesicon") format("svg")}}.icon:before{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;display:inline-block;font-family:"forbesicon";font-smoothing:antialiased;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1;speak:none;text-decoration:inherit;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-transform:none}.icon-add-person:before{content:"\f168"}.icon-amazon:before{content:"\f162"}.icon-arrow-down:before{content:"\f100"}.icon-arrow-down-bar:before{content:"\f149"}.icon-arrow-up:before{content:"\f101"}.icon-authorvoice:before{content:"\f174"}.icon-badge:before{content:"\f15f"}.icon-baidu:before{content:"\f16a"}.icon-book:before{content:"\f102"}.icon-brandvoice-logo:before{content:"\f150"}.icon-brandvoice-logo-brand:before{content:"\f151"}.icon-brandvoice-logo-voice:before{content:"\f152"}.icon-calendar:before{content:"\f143"}.icon-cart:before{content:"\f15b"}.icon-chat:before{content:"\f15c"}.icon-check:before{content:"\f103"}.icon-chevron-down:before{content:"\f135"}.icon-chevron-left:before{content:"\f136"}.icon-chevron-right:before{content:"\f137"}.icon-chevron-up:before{content:"\f138"}.icon-clipboard:before{content:"\f148"}.icon-clock:before{content:"\f146"}.icon-close:before{content:"\f104"}.icon-cog:before{content:"\f134"}.icon-comment-bubble:before{content:"\f105"}.icon-confirmation:before{content:"\f170"}.icon-copy:before{content:"\f153"}.icon-desktop:before{content:"\f164"}.icon-donald-trump:before{content:"\f163"}.icon-download:before{content:"\f14a"}.icon-edit:before{content:"\f141"}.icon-email:before{content:"\f106"}.icon-enlarge:before{content:"\f147"}.icon-error:before{content:"\f171"}.icon-explore:before{content:"\f161"}.icon-facebook:before{content:"\f139"}.icon-flame:before{content:"\f15e"}.icon-forbes-china-logo:before{content:"\f16b"}.icon-forbes-finds-logo:before{content:"\f175"}.icon-forbes-italy:before{content:"\f173"}.icon-forbes-life:before{content:"\f107"}.icon-forbes-logo:before{content:"\f108"}.icon-forbes-logo-f:before{content:"\f109"}.icon-gallery:before{content:"\f140"}.icon-georgia-daquo:before{content:"\f10a"}.icon-georgia-uaquo:before{content:"\f10b"}.icon-google:before{content:"\f13a"}.icon-group:before{content:"\f10c"}.icon-hamburger:before{content:"\f10d"}.icon-handshake:before{content:"\f14b"}.icon-home:before{content:"\f10e"}.icon-insights:before{content:"\f165"}.icon-instagram:before{content:"\f13b"}.icon-italia:before{content:"\f176"}.icon-link:before{content:"\f10f"}.icon-linkedin:before{content:"\f13c"}.icon-location:before{content:"\f156"}.icon-lock:before{content:"\f154"}.icon-megaphone:before{content:"\f14c"}.icon-microphone:before{content:"\f14d"}.icon-mobile:before{content:"\f166"}.icon-pause:before{content:"\f15d"}.icon-phone-call:before{content:"\f14e"}.icon-photo:before{content:"\f167"}.icon-pinterest:before{content:"\f13d"}.icon-plus:before{content:"\f110"}.icon-preview-eye:before{content:"\f145"}.icon-print:before{content:"\f111"}.icon-qzone:before{content:"\f16c"}.icon-renren:before{content:"\f16d"}.icon-reply:before{content:"\f112"}.icon-reset:before{content:"\f113"}.icon-rss-feed:before{content:"\f114"}.icon-search:before{content:"\f115"}.icon-share:before{content:"\f116"}.icon-snapchat:before{content:"\f169"}.icon-square-bracket-left:before{content:"\f11e"}.icon-square-bracket-right:before{content:"\f11f"}.icon-staff-verified:before{content:"\f158"}.icon-star:before{content:"\f120"}.icon-terms:before{content:"\f14f"}.icon-trash:before{content:"\f142"}.icon-tumblr:before{content:"\f13e"}.icon-twitter:before{content:"\f13f"}.icon-twitter-verified:before{content:"\f157"}.icon-u30-logo:before{content:"\f155"}.icon-under-30-logo:before{content:"\f159"}.icon-user:before{content:"\f125"}.icon-video:before{content:"\f126"}.icon-video-rect:before{content:"\f172"}.icon-wechat:before{content:"\f16e"}.icon-weibo:before{content:"\f16f"}.icon-womenforbes-logo:before{content:"\f160"}.icon-youtube:before{content:"\f15a"}html,body{overflow-y:auto}fbs-ad[position="mobile"]{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;text-align:center}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}button{border:none;outline:none;padding:0;background:none;cursor:pointer}img{max-width:100%}a{text-decoration:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.hidden{display:none !important}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin:0}ul,ol{padding-left:0}fbs-embedly{display:block;height:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:67.5%;position:relative;width:100%}fbs-embedly iframe{border:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}fbs-video .brightcove_perform{position:relative;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%;overflow:hidden}fbs-video .vjs-big-play-button .vjs-icon-placeholder:before{content:"" !important}fbs-video .playable-rectangle .vjs-big-play-button,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .play-button-icon{position:absolute;top:50% !important;left:50% !important;width:20% !important;height:0 !important;min-width:30px;max-width:150px;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);transform:translate(-50%, -50%);background-color:transparent !important;margin-left:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;font-family:Arial !important;box-shadow:none !important}fbs-video .playable-rectangle .vjs-big-play-button:before,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .vjs-big-play-button:after,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .play-button-icon:before,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .play-button-icon:after{content:" ";display:block;position:absolute;width:100%;padding-top:100%;transition:all 0.2s ease-in-out;margin-top:-50%}fbs-video .playable-rectangle .vjs-big-play-button:before,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .play-button-icon:before{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9Ii0zMjAgMjMyIDE1MCAxNTAiPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0tMjQ1IDIzMmMtNDEuNCAwLTc1IDMzLjYtNzUgNzVzMzMuNiA3NSA3NSA3NSA3NS0zMy42IDc1LTc1Uy0yMDMuNiAyMzItMjQ1IDIzMnoiLz48L3N2Zz4=");opacity:0.5}fbs-video .playable-rectangle .vjs-big-play-button:after,fbs-video .playable-rectangle .play-button-icon:after{background:url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9Ii0zMjAgMjMyIDE1MCAxNTAiPjxzdHlsZSB0eXBlPSJ0ZXh0L2NzcyI+ICANCgkuc3Qwe2ZpbGw6I0ZGRkZGRjt9DQo8L3N0eWxlPjxwb2x5Z29uIGNsYXNzPSJzdDAiIHBvaW50cz0iLTI2NC4xIDMzOS41IC0yNjQuMSAyNzQuNSAtMjA3LjkgMzA3ICIvPjwvc3ZnPg==")}fbs-video .playable-rectangle:hover .vjs-big-play-button:before,fbs-video .playable-rectangle:hover .play-button-icon:before{-webkit-transform:scale(0);transform:scale(0)}fbs-video .playable-rectangle:hover .vjs-big-play-button:after,fbs-video .playable-rectangle:hover .play-button-icon:after{-webkit-transform:scale(2);transform:scale(2)}fbs-quotecard{display:inline}fbs-quotecard .card-preview{position:relative;display:inline-block;line-height:1.4em;padding-left:4px}fbs-quotecard .card-preview:hover .preview.negative{color:#fff;background-color:#c20c00;border-color:#a70a00}fbs-quotecard .card-preview:hover .preview.positive{color:#fff;background-color:#017200;border-color:#015900}fbs-quotecard a.preview{font-weight:600;padding:0 3px;color:#555;border-radius:4px}fbs-quotecard a.preview.negative{border:1px #f6dbd9 solid;background-color:#faeceb}fbs-quotecard a.preview.positive{border:1px #d6e8d6 solid;background-color:#eaf3ea}fbs-quotecard .card-hover{position:absolute;top:1.2em;left:3px;width:220px}fbs-quotecard .card-hover.reverse-display{left:auto;right:3px}fbs-quotecard .card-hover.reverse-display .card-contents:after{left:auto;right:20px}fbs-quotecard .card-hover.above{top:auto;bottom:2.5em}fbs-quotecard .card-hover.above .card-contents:after{content:'▼';top:auto;bottom:-0.9em;text-shadow:0 3px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}fbs-quotecard .card-contents{width:100%;position:relative;top:14px;background-color:#fff;padding:20px;z-index:10;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:2px 2px 8px #000}fbs-quotecard .card-contents:after{position:absolute;top:-0.8em;left:20px;content:'▲';display:inline-block;color:#fff;text-shadow:0 -3px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);-webkit-transform:scaleX(1.75);transform:scaleX(1.75)}fbs-quotecard a.company-name{color:black}fbs-quotecard a.company-name:hover{color:#003891;cursor:pointer}fbs-quotecard a.company-name h2{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:3px;font-weight:normal}fbs-quotecard a.ticker{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline}fbs-quotecard a.ticker h5{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}fbs-quotecard h2,fbs-quotecard h5,fbs-quotecard h5.fs-headline{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}fbs-quotecard p.cost,fbs-quotecard p.as-of{margin-left:0}fbs-quotecard .cost{font-weight:bold;color:black;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0.5em}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference{font-size:.6em;margin:4px}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference.negative{color:#c20c00}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference.negative .icon:before{content:"\f100";padding-right:2px}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference.positive{color:#017200}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference.positive .icon:before{content:"\f101";padding-right:2px}fbs-quotecard .cost span.difference span{margin:2px}fbs-quotecard p.as-of{color:#939393;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1em;line-height:1.4;font-size:13px}fbs-quotecard ul.stories{border:5px solid #ddd;border-width:5px 0 0}fbs-quotecard ul.stories li.story{list-style-type:none;margin:1em 0 0}fbs-quotecard .hidden{display:none}.slick-slider{position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.slick-list{position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:block;margin:0;padding:0}.slick-list:focus{outline:none}.slick-list.dragging{cursor:pointer;cursor:hand}.slick-slider .slick-track,.slick-slider .slick-list{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0);transform:translate3d(0, 0, 0)}.slick-track{position:relative;left:0;top:0;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.slick-track:before,.slick-track:after{content:"";display:table}.slick-track:after{clear:both}.slick-loading .slick-track{visibility:hidden}.slick-slide{float:left;height:100%;min-height:1px;display:none}[dir="rtl"] .slick-slide{float:right}.slick-slide img{display:block}.slick-slide.slick-loading img{display:none}.slick-slide.dragging img{pointer-events:none}.slick-initialized .slick-slide{display:block}.slick-loading .slick-slide{visibility:hidden}.slick-vertical .slick-slide{display:block;height:auto;border:1px solid transparent}.slick-arrow.slick-hidden{display:none}fbs-accordion>*{overflow:hidden}fbs-accordion [aria-expanded="false"]{height:1em}fbs-accordion [aria-expanded="true"]{height:100%}html,body{overflow-y:auto}#server-ad-rail{position:absolute;z-index:1}#server-ad-rail fbs-ad{display:block;margin-top:600px}#server-ad-rail fbs-ad:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.ratio1x1:before{content:'';display:block;padding-bottom:100%}@media all and (max-width: 480px){fbs-ad{text-align:center}}
</style><script type="text/javascript">window.LUX=window.LUX||{};window.LUX.samplerate=1;</script><script src="https://cdn.speedcurve.com/js/lux.js?id=22432108" data-key="https://cdn.speedcurve.com/js/lux.js?id=22432108" onload="this.dataset.loaded = true" async="" defer=""></script><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c2]{position:absolute;min-width:768px;width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#F2F2F2}@media all and (min-width: 1025px) and (max-width: 1229px){[_nghost-c2]{padding:0 2.5%}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c4]{position:fixed;z-index:2}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .brand-logo-container[_ngcontent-c4]{display:flex;align-items:center}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .homepage-link[_ngcontent-c4]{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative}li[_ngcontent-c4]{cursor:pointer}.expand-social[_ngcontent-c4], .trending[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}.core-unit[_ngcontent-c4]{display:flex;margin-right:.5em;padding-right:.5em;border-right:2px solid gray}.core-unit[_ngcontent-c4]   .core-unit-logo[_ngcontent-c4]{max-width:calc(115.9px * 16/13);min-width:calc(115.9px * 16/13);height:16px !important}core-unit-subscription[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;right:5.8%;top:0}a[_ngcontent-c4]{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700}.icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4], .icon-search[_ngcontent-c4], .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{transition:opacity, -webkit-transform;transition:transform, opacity;transition:transform, opacity, -webkit-transform;will-change:transform, opacity}.icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4], .icon-search[_ngcontent-c4], .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{transition:opacity 0.5s ease-in-out}.icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]:before{transition:-webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out, -webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out}.icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{opacity:0;z-index:0}.icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4], .icon-search[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;opacity:1;z-index:1}.hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-right:.5em}.hamburger.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{opacity:1;z-index:1}.hamburger.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}.hamburger.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]{z-index:0;opacity:0}.icon-search[_ngcontent-c4]{width:1em}.homepage-link[_ngcontent-c4]{height:1em}.search.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{opacity:1;z-index:1}.search.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}.search.open[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-search[_ngcontent-c4]{opacity:0;z-index:0}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .chat{display:none}@media all and (min-width: 1230px){[_nghost-c4]{height:60px;width:250px;background-color:#333;color:#fff}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]{width:100%}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{width:400px}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{padding:0 1em}.search[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.search[_ngcontent-c4]{right:1em}.share-expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}}@media all and (min-width: 1280px){[_nghost-c4]{width:400px}.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c4]:not(.navbar-expanded){width:290px}}@media all and (min-width: 1440px){.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c4]:not(.navbar-expanded){width:400px}}@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1229px){[_nghost-c4]{width:60px;height:100%;background:#fff;background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKAQMAAAHA+21oAAAABlBMVEX///+tra03rAC8AAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACdJREFUCB1jaGBAAAeGBgYOBgUwKQCkHRgOACUPMDAzMPAwMBgwAABYMQQgMKldwwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==);background-size:5px 5px;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-top:0;transition:none}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-right:0}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]   .brand-logo-container[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}core-unit-subscription[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}sharing.expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{display:block}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .expand-social{display:inline-block}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     ul{display:flex;width:650px}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     li{font-size:1.5em}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     li.permalink{background:#B3B3B3;padding-right:20px;margin-left:-3px}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     li.permalink button{float:left}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     button{width:60px;height:60px;border-radius:0}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     button .icon-share{vertical-align:middle;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:normal}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     button.email{background-color:#000}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     button .icon-link:before{content:"\f10f"}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     span input{width:200px;height:40px;margin-top:10px}.core-unit[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4], .bottom-sticky[_ngcontent-c4]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:50%}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-top:-60px;transition:margin-top 0.25s ease-in-out}.top-nav.nav-items-container[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-top:0px}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]   a[_ngcontent-c4]{display:block;width:60px;height:60px;line-height:60px}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]   .share-expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}.bottom-sticky[_ngcontent-c4]{justify-content:space-between}.brand-logo-container[_ngcontent-c4]{order:-1}.homepage-link[_ngcontent-c4]{color:#fff;background:#333;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal}.expand-social[_ngcontent-c4]{display:inline-block}li[_ngcontent-c4]{width:30px;height:30px;line-height:30px;color:#fff;float:left;text-align:center}li.share-text[_ngcontent-c4]{font-weight:bold;line-height:20px;height:20px;width:100%;color:#333;background:#fff;text-transform:uppercase}.icon-facebook[_ngcontent-c4]{background-color:#3b5998}.icon-twitter[_ngcontent-c4]{background-color:#55acee}.icon-email[_ngcontent-c4]{background:#000}.icon-linkedin[_ngcontent-c4]{background-color:#0077b5}.icon-chevron-right[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-left:3px}.hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]{margin-right:0}.hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]:hover   .icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]:before, .search[_ngcontent-c4]:hover   .icon-search[_ngcontent-c4]:before{color:#fff;background-color:#333}.icon-hamburger[_ngcontent-c4]:before{font-size:1.1em;width:60px;height:auto;padding:20px;background-color:#fff}.icon-search[_ngcontent-c4]:before{font-size:1.1em;width:60px;height:auto;padding:20px;background-color:#fff}.icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]:before{width:100%;color:#fff;padding:20px;background-color:#333}.trending[_ngcontent-c4]{display:block;padding:0;width:60px;height:60px;line-height:60px;background-color:#4D4D4D;color:#fff;font-size:1.6em}.icon-plus[_ngcontent-c4]:before{transition:-webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out, -webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out;-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}.icon-plus.rotate[_ngcontent-c4]:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.trending[_ngcontent-c4]   small[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:normal}.trending[_ngcontent-c4]   small.closed[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c4]{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:#fff;color:#1A1A1A;border-bottom:solid #E6E6E6 2px}.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c4]{background-color:#333;color:#fff}.top-nav[_ngcontent-c4]{padding:0 1em}sharing.expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{display:inline}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]{position:fixed;top:60px;right:26px;height:120px;padding:.5em;background-color:#666;border-radius:5px;width:275px;color:#fff;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     li{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     button{margin:5px;border-radius:0;width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .share-expanded, sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .google{display:none}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .email{background-color:#333}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .chat{display:inline-block;width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px;text-align:center}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .permalink{display:block}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .permalink span{position:absolute;right:0.5em}sharing[_ngcontent-c4]     .permalink input{width:200px;height:40px}.search[_ngcontent-c4]   .icon-close[_ngcontent-c4]{display:none}core-unit-subscription[_ngcontent-c4]{right:15%}.search[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;right:2em;width:1em;height:1em}.search[_ngcontent-c4], .share-expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.share-expanded[_ngcontent-c4]{position:absolute;right:1em}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">fbs-video.sticky-video{position:fixed;top:60px;left:0;z-index:99}@media all and (min-width: 1230px) and (max-width: 1279px){  .sticky-video{width:250px}}@media all and (min-width: 1280px){  .sticky-video{width:400px}  .sticky-video.sticky-sponsored-video{width:290px}}@media all and (min-width: 1440px){  .sticky-video.sticky-sponsored-video{width:400px}}[_nghost-c7]{display:block;height:100%;position:fixed;width:390px;top:0}@media all and (min-width: 1230px){[_nghost-c7]{top:60px}.video-placeholder[_ngcontent-c7]{background-color:#000}.video-placeholder[_ngcontent-c7]   .overlay-title[_ngcontent-c7]{position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;z-index:1;font-weight:bold;line-height:15px;padding:5px 0 5px 1em;color:#fff;background-color:rgba(51,51,51,0.5);display:none}.video-placeholder[_ngcontent-c7]:hover   .overlay-title[_ngcontent-c7]{display:block}}@media all and (min-width: 1230px) and (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-c7]{width:250px}[_nghost-c7]   .article-sidebar-video[_ngcontent-c7], [_nghost-c7]   .relative-video[_ngcontent-c7]{margin-top:calc(250px * (9/16));height:calc(100% - calc(250px * (9/16)) - 60px)}}@media all and (min-width: 1280px){[_nghost-c7]{width:400px}[_nghost-c7]   .article-sidebar-video[_ngcontent-c7], [_nghost-c7]   .relative-video[_ngcontent-c7]{margin-top:calc(400px * (9/16));height:calc(100% - calc(400px * (9/16)) - 60px)}.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]{width:290px}.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]   .article-sidebar-video[_ngcontent-c7], .slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]   .relative-video[_ngcontent-c7]{margin-top:calc(290px * (9/16));height:calc(100% - calc(290px * (9/16)) - 60px)}}@media all and (min-width: 1440px){.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]{width:400px}.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]   .article-sidebar-video[_ngcontent-c7], .slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c7]   .relative-video[_ngcontent-c7]{margin-top:calc(400px * (9/16));height:calc(100% - calc(400px * (9/16)) - 60px)}}@media all and (max-width: 1229px){.navbar-expanded[_nghost-c7]{height:calc(100% - 60px);top:60px}.video-placeholder[_ngcontent-c7]{display:none}}@media all and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1229px){[_nghost-c7]{margin-left:60px}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c7]{top:60px}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:60px;display:block;position:relative;background-color:#fff;height:100%;z-index:1;transition:-webkit-transform 200ms;transition:transform 200ms;transition:transform 200ms, -webkit-transform 200ms}.sidebar-expanded[_nghost-c13]{will-change:transform;-webkit-transform:translate(390px, 0);transform:translate(390px, 0)}page[_ngcontent-c13]{max-width:1800px;width:100%;margin:0 auto}fbs-ad[_ngcontent-c13]{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;text-align:center}@media all and (min-width: 1230px){[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:250px}.sidebar-expanded[_nghost-c13]{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;will-change:inherit}}@media all and (min-width: 1230px) and (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:250px}page[_ngcontent-c13]{padding:0 35px}}@media all and (min-width: 1280px){[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:400px}.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:290px}page[_ngcontent-c13]{width:95%}}@media all and (min-width: 1440px){.slotted-swimlaned[_nghost-c13]{margin-left:400px}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c13]{margin:auto}}</style><script src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" data-key="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" onload="this.dataset.loaded = true" async="" defer=""></script><script src="https://native.sharethrough.com/assets/sfp.js" data-key="https://native.sharethrough.com/assets/sfp.js" onload="this.dataset.loaded = true" async="" defer=""></script><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c14]{padding:0 5%;display:block}[_nghost-c14]     .share-expanded{display:none}.fs-article[_ngcontent-c14]{max-width:initial}featured-image[_ngcontent-c14]{margin-bottom:2em}sharing[_ngcontent-c14]{font-size:1.25em}sharing[_ngcontent-c14]     li{margin-right:8px}sharing[_ngcontent-c14]     .email{background:#000}.article-wrapper[_ngcontent-c14]{position:relative}.article-wrapper[_ngcontent-c14]:before, .article-wrapper[_ngcontent-c14]:after{content:" ";display:table}.article-wrapper[_ngcontent-c14]:after{clear:both}.body-container[_ngcontent-c14]{display:block;padding-right:5%;margin-right:300px}.body-container.no-rail[_ngcontent-c14]{margin-right:0}.body-container.no-rail[_ngcontent-c14]   .fs-article[_ngcontent-c14]{max-width:100%}article-body-container[_ngcontent-c14]{display:block}article-body-container[_ngcontent-c14], contrib-block[_ngcontent-c14], guest-contrib[_ngcontent-c14], group-blog[_ngcontent-c14]{margin-top:1em}footer[_ngcontent-c14]{display:inline-block;width:100%}footer[_ngcontent-c14]   pagination-nav[_ngcontent-c14]{float:right}footer[_ngcontent-c14]   sharing[_ngcontent-c14]{clear:both;float:right;position:relative;margin:5px 0}footer[_ngcontent-c14]   sharing[_ngcontent-c14]:before{content:'Share: ';position:absolute;left:-55px;line-height:30px;color:#333;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Avenir","Noto Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",Corbel,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.ad-rail-container[_ngcontent-c14]{float:right;height:auto}fbs-ad-rail[_ngcontent-c14]{display:block;width:300px;height:100%}fbs-ad-rail[_ngcontent-c14]     fbs-ad{margin-top:600px;display:block}fbs-ad-rail[_ngcontent-c14]     fbs-ad[position="spon-logo"], fbs-ad-rail[_ngcontent-c14]     fbs-ad[position="rec"]{margin-top:0}fbs-ad-rail[_ngcontent-c14]     [position="spon-logo"] div:first-child{margin-bottom:20px}@media all and (min-width: 1025px) and (max-width: 1229px){[_nghost-c14]{padding:0 7.5%}}@media all and (max-width: 1229px){sharing[_ngcontent-c14]{display:none}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c14]{padding-top:60px}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c15]{width:100%;background:#fff;font-weight:normal;display:inline-block}.core-unit[_nghost-c15]{margin-top:60px}[position="top"][_ngcontent-c15]{display:block;width:100%;min-height:90px;padding:12px 0;text-align:center;z-index:1}[position="top"][_ngcontent-c15]    >div{margin:0 -8.8%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}.top-ad-container[_ngcontent-c15]{min-height:116px;border-bottom:2px solid #E6E6E6;margin:auto;float:none}.sticky[_ngcontent-c15]{position:fixed;top:0;border:none;width:100%;background:#fff;z-index:9999;transition:top 500ms}.sticky.core-unit[_ngcontent-c15]{top:60px}group-blog-blurb[_ngcontent-c15]{margin-top:1em}.women-at-forbes[_ngcontent-c15]{width:135px;height:20px;float:left;margin:10px 20px 0 0}.women-at-forbes[_ngcontent-c15]   img[_ngcontent-c15]{vertical-align:top}.article-meta[_ngcontent-c15]{min-height:1em;line-height:20px;color:gray;display:block;margin-top:1em;font-weight:bold}.article-meta[_ngcontent-c15]   channel-path[_ngcontent-c15]{display:none}.badge[_ngcontent-c15]{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-left:1em}.forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]{color:#fff;background-color:#333;padding:2px 7px 0 29px;font-weight:bold}.forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]   .icon-donald-trump[_ngcontent-c15]{position:absolute;top:1px;left:4px}.forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]:before{content:'Forbes on trump';text-transform:uppercase}.forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]{vertical-align:top;background-color:#333}.forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]   img[_ngcontent-c15]{padding:2px}.editors-pick[_ngcontent-c15]:before{content:'Editor\'s pick';color:#1A1A1A;margin-left:23px;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.icon-badge[_ngcontent-c15]{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;color:#ffc000}.icon-star[_ngcontent-c15]{position:absolute;top:-1px;left:3.5px;color:#1A1A1A}div[_ngcontent-c15]{float:right;margin-left:6px}div[_ngcontent-c15]   a[_ngcontent-c15]{padding:3px 5px;background-color:#003891;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:8px;transition:all 0.15s ease-in-out}div[_ngcontent-c15]   a[_ngcontent-c15]:hover{background-color:#000}.circ-link[_ngcontent-c15]{font-weight:bold;color:#c41a23;float:right}featured-image[_ngcontent-c15]{margin:1rem 0}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]{display:none}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .badge[_ngcontent-c15]{display:inline-block;position:relative;margin-left:1em}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   [_ngcontent-c15]:first-child{margin-left:0}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .women-at-forbes[_ngcontent-c15]{width:162px;height:24px;border:1px solid #000;margin:0}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15], .badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]{vertical-align:top}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]   img[_ngcontent-c15], .badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]   img[_ngcontent-c15]{padding:2px}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]{color:#fff;background-color:#333;padding:2px 7px 0 29px;font-weight:bold;line-height:20px}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]   .icon-donald-trump[_ngcontent-c15]{position:absolute;top:1px;left:4px}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15]:before{content:'Forbes on trump';text-transform:uppercase}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]{vertical-align:top;background-color:#333}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]   .forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15]   img[_ngcontent-c15]{padding:2px}@media all and (max-width: 768px){.core-unit[_nghost-c15]{margin-top:0}channel-path[_ngcontent-c15], .women-at-forbes[_ngcontent-c15], .forbes-on-trump[_ngcontent-c15], .forbes-100[_ngcontent-c15], .circ-link[_ngcontent-c15]{display:none}.article-meta[_ngcontent-c15]   channel-path[_ngcontent-c15]{display:block}.badge-wrapper[_ngcontent-c15]{display:inline-block}}@media all and (min-width: 1230px) and (max-width: 1329px){[position="top"][_ngcontent-c15]    >div{margin:0 -3.6%}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c26]{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.view-count[_ngcontent-c26]{margin-left:2em}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c10]{text-transform:uppercase;display:block;font-family:forbesicon}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-facebook[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#3b5998;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-facebook[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#3b5998}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-twitter[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#55acee;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-twitter[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#55acee}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-linkedin[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#0077b5;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-linkedin[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#0077b5}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-google[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#dd4b39;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-google[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#dd4b39}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-pinterest[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#bd081c;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-pinterest[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#bd081c}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-email[_ngcontent-c10]{background:#B3B3B3;color:#fff}.reversible[_nghost-c10]   .icon-email[_ngcontent-c10]:hover{background:#fff;color:#B3B3B3}li[_ngcontent-c10]{display:inline-block;line-height:1.5em}li.share-expanded[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#fff}li.share-expanded[_ngcontent-c10]   button[_ngcontent-c10]{color:#333}li.share-expanded[_ngcontent-c10]   button[_ngcontent-c10]:after{content:'share';text-transform:uppercase;display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:10px;line-height:10px;position:relative;top:-15px}button[_ngcontent-c10]{color:#fff;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;border-radius:50%}input[_ngcontent-c10]{width:auto;height:1.5em;border:0;padding:0 10px;font:400 1rem "Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:inset 2px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.facebook[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#3b5998}.twitter[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#55acee}.linkedin[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#0077b5}.google[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#dd4b39}.pinterest[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#bd081c}.email[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#B3B3B3}.chat[_ngcontent-c10]{background-color:#009623;width:1.5em}.chat[_ngcontent-c10]   i[_ngcontent-c10]:before{content:"\f15c"}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c22]{display:block;margin:20px 0;clear:both}ul[_ngcontent-c22]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}li[_ngcontent-c22]{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;color:#333;text-align:left;padding:0 3px}li[_ngcontent-c22]   a[_ngcontent-c22]{text-decoration:underline}li[_ngcontent-c22]   a[_ngcontent-c22]:hover, li[_ngcontent-c22]   a[_ngcontent-c22]:active{color:#069eec}.print[_ngcontent-c22]{padding-left:0}@media all and (max-width: 768px){.print[_ngcontent-c22]{display:none}}@media all and (max-width: 480px){i[_ngcontent-c22]{padding-right:0}li[_ngcontent-c22]{display:block;float:left}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c17]{display:inline-block;width:100%}contrib-byline.no-disclaimer[_ngcontent-c17]{padding-top:12px}.contrib-container[_ngcontent-c17]{display:flex}.fs-author-avatar[_ngcontent-c17]{width:4em;height:4em;max-width:80px}.fs-author-avatar[_ngcontent-c17]   img[_ngcontent-c17]{min-width:60px;width:100%}.most-popular-icon[_ngcontent-c17]   small[_ngcontent-c17]{display:none;position:absolute;top:0;left:25px;padding:5px;background-color:#ffc000;font-weight:bold;border-radius:4px;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}.contrib-tagline[_ngcontent-c17]{color:#999;font-style:italic;line-height:1.25;margin-top:0.5em}.full-bio[_ngcontent-c17]{display:inline-block;color:#003891;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.full-bio[_ngcontent-c17]:before{content:'Full Bio'}.bio-expanded[_ngcontent-c17]{background-color:#F2F2F2;position:relative;padding:.8em;margin:-.8em}.bio-expanded[_ngcontent-c17]   .full-bio[_ngcontent-c17]{position:absolute;right:8px;top:5px;color:#000}.bio-expanded[_ngcontent-c17]   .full-bio[_ngcontent-c17]:before{content:''}.bio-expanded[_ngcontent-c17]   .icon-chevron-down[_ngcontent-c17]:before{content:'\f104'}.legal-disclaimer[_ngcontent-c17]{display:block;margin-top:1em}  follow-link{display:block;margin:.2em 0}.social-links[_ngcontent-c17]{display:flex}li[_ngcontent-c17]{padding:0 10px}li[_ngcontent-c17]   .icon[_ngcontent-c17]{color:#666}li[_ngcontent-c17]:first-of-type{padding-left:0}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-facebook{color:#3b5998}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-twitter{color:#55acee}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-linkedin{color:#0077b5}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-instagram{color:#333}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-rss-feed{color:#f38521}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-book{color:#f90}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-google{color:#dd4b39}.icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover.icon-youtube{color:#cd201f}@media (max-width: 1024px){.fs-author-avatar[_ngcontent-c17]{max-width:40px;max-height:45px}.fs-author-avatar[_ngcontent-c17]   img[_ngcontent-c17]{min-width:40px}}@media (min-width: 768px){.most-popular-icon[_ngcontent-c17]:hover   small[_ngcontent-c17]{display:inline}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c27]{display:block}.brand[_ngcontent-c27]{color:#c41a23;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline}.comma[_ngcontent-c27]{margin-left:-.25rem}.contrib-byline-type[_ngcontent-c27]{color:#999;text-transform:uppercase}.icon-staff-verified[_ngcontent-c27]{color:#003891}.icon-u30-logo[_ngcontent-c27]{color:#ffc000}.icon-womenforbes-logo[_ngcontent-c27]{color:#000;vertical-align:middle}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">.article-gallery-embedded{border-color:#E6E6E6;border-style:solid;border-width:3px 0px;width:100%;padding:1.5em 5%;margin:1em 0;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-image-box{width:47%;float:left;margin-right:3%}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-image-box img{display:block}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box{width:50%;float:left}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box header{font:700 0.875em "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#003891;margin-bottom:.5em}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box header .icon{color:#999;margin-right:.5em}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box h4{font:normal 1.5em "Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif;color:#000}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-gallery{display:inline-block;font:700 0.875em "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-top:0.75em;margin-right:.5em}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-gallery .article-launch-text{color:#003891}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-gallery .article-slide-count{font-size:0.875em;margin:0;color:#999}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-button{background-color:#069eec;color:#fff;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;width:2em;height:2em;text-align:center;height:40px;width:40px;border-radius:20px;transition:-webkit-transform 0.15s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.15s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.15s ease-in-out, -webkit-transform 0.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transform:translate(0, 0);transform:translate(0, 0)}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-button .icon-chevron-right,   .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-button .icon-chevron-right:before{vertical-align:middle}@media all and (max-width: 1229px){  .article-gallery-embedded{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){  .article-gallery-embedded{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:normal}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-image-box{float:right;margin-right:auto}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box{float:left;margin-right:3%}  .article-gallery-embedded .article-text-box .article-launch-button{font-size:0.75em}}[_nghost-c20]{display:inline-block}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv{position:relative;max-width:800px;font-size:initial;margin:2em auto 2.5em;text-align:center;transition:max-height 0.3s ease-in-out}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv h3{font-weight:normal;line-height:1.2em;font-family:"Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .inline-reveal{position:relative;z-index:0;overflow-y:hidden;height:100%;transition:all 0.3s linear}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv.collapsed .inline-reveal{height:0}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv:before, [_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv:after{height:0;content:"";display:block;position:absolute;left:10%;right:10%;z-index:0}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv:before{border-top:1px solid #c41a23;top:0}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv:after{border-top:2px solid #c41a23;bottom:0}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .inline-reveal .reveal-this{margin:1.5em 5% 2em}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .inline-reveal .reveal-this h3{margin-top:1em}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .inline-reveal .reveal-this h3 a{font-size:1.25em}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .brandvoice-entity a{display:inline-block}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .brandvoice-entity a .avatar{width:2em}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .brandvoice-entity a .brandvoice{white-space:nowrap;font:bold 1em "Avenir","Noto Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",Corbel,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .inline-peak{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:0;z-index:1}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .slug{display:inline-block;background:#fff;font-family:"Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;position:relative;bottom:-.5em;padding-right:30px;padding-left:10px}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .brandvoice{color:#c41a23;font-style:italic}[_nghost-c20]     .article-promo-bv .brandvoice .brand{color:#000;font-style:normal}@media all and (max-width: 768px){.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]   .brandvoice-entity[_ngcontent-c20]   .avatar[_ngcontent-c20]{vertical-align:middle;margin-right:.5em}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]   .inline-peak[_ngcontent-c20]   .slug[_ngcontent-c20]   .help[_ngcontent-c20]{top:1px}}@media all and (min-width: 769px){.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]   .brandvoice-entity[_ngcontent-c20]   .avatar[_ngcontent-c20]{width:3em;margin-bottom:.5em}.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]   .brandvoice-entity[_ngcontent-c20]   .brandvoice[_ngcontent-c20]{display:block}}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:normal}}@media all and (min-width: 1230px){.article-promo-bv[_ngcontent-c20]{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:normal}}fbs-ad[_ngcontent-c20]{display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:30px;overflow-x:auto}p[_ngcontent-c20]{margin-top:0}div[_ngcontent-c20]     {display:block}div[_ngcontent-c20]     img{width:100%}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .progressive-placeholder:before{content:'';display:block;padding-bottom:56.25%}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .fbs-brightcove{margin:1em 0}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignleft{float:left;margin:0.5% 3.5% 1.75% 0}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignright{float:right;margin:0.5% 0 1.75% 3.5%}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignleft, div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignright{width:40%;line-height:0}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignleft .caption-container, div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignright .caption-container{padding-top:0.5em}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignleft .wp-caption-text, div[_ngcontent-c20]     .alignright .wp-caption-text{margin:0;line-height:1.4em}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote{padding:0 3px 0 0}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote:hover a{color:#fff;background-color:#55acee;text-decoration:none}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote:hover span:before{margin-left:-1.3em}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote a{transition:background-color 0.2s ease-in-out;color:#000}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote span{position:relative;color:#55acee;width:1.5em;height:1em;padding:0 .25em;overflow:hidden;display:inline-block}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote span:before, div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote span:after{content:"\f13f";font-family:forbesicon;font-size:1.25em;display:block;height:1em;float:left}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote span:before{margin-left:0;transition:margin-left 0.2s ease-in-out}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .tweet_quote span:after{color:#fff}div[_ngcontent-c20]     ul li, div[_ngcontent-c20]     ol li{margin:1em 0;margin-left:3em}div[_ngcontent-c20]     ol li{list-style:decimal}div[_ngcontent-c20]     ul li{list-style:disc}div[_ngcontent-c20]     div[style*="clear"]{clear:left !important}div[_ngcontent-c20]     .slideimgbox>img{margin:auto}  .sticky-video-placeholder{background:#000 url("//i.forbesimg.com/media/assets/logos/forbes-logo-f.png") no-repeat center center;position:relative;width:100%;height:0;padding:56.25% 0 0;overflow:hidden}loading[_ngcontent-c20]{background:lightgrey;color:dimgrey;text-align:center;height:400px;width:calc(100% - 200px)}@media (1230px) and (1400px){[_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignleft, [_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignright{padding:3.25% 0}}@media (min-width: 769px){[_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignleft{margin:1.75% 3.5% 1.75% -3.5%}[_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignright{margin:1.75% -3.5% 1.75% 3.5%}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c20]{padding-right:0px;margin-right:0px}[_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignleft, [_nghost-c20]     .article-body .alignright{float:none;width:auto;margin-left:3%}}</style><style ng-transition="ng-templates">[_nghost-c24]{display:block;padding-top:1.5rem;border-bottom:2px solid #E6E6E6;padding-bottom:12px;transition:font-size 0.3s ease-out;font-family:"Georgia","Cambria","Times New Roman","Times",serif}.logo[_ngcontent-c24]{display:inline-block}.crumb[_ngcontent-c24], .hashtag[_ngcontent-c24]{vertical-align:baseline}.crumb[_ngcontent-c24]:before, .hashtag[_ngcontent-c24]:before{content:"/";display:inline-block;margin:0 .5em 0 .3em;position:relative;top:-0.15em;color:#ccc;font-size:0.75em}.crumb[_ngcontent-c24]{color:#999}.hashtag[_ngcontent-c24]{text-transform:capitalize;color:#003891}@media (min-width: 1230px){.logo[_ngcontent-c24], .crumb[_ngcontent-c24]:before{display:none}}@media all and (max-width: 768px){[_nghost-c24]{border-bottom:none;padding:0;font-weight:400}.crumb[_ngcontent-c24], .hashtag[_ngcontent-c24]{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal}.crumb[_ngcontent-c24]{color:gray;text-transform:capitalize}.hashtag[_ngcontent-c24]:before{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal}.logo[_ngcontent-c24], .crumb[_ngcontent-c24]:before{display:none}}</style><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=588647136"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="123694841080850"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Forbes"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@forbes"><meta name="description" content="Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites around Houston." itemprop="description"><meta name="keywords" content="" itemprop="keywords"><meta name="author" content="Eric Mack" itemprop="author"><meta property="og:title" content="Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/600x315/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale"><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2017-08-31T18:58:14-04:00"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/"><meta property="og:description" content="Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites around Houston."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites around Houston."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/600x300/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale" itemprop="image"><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ericmack"><meta name="news_keywords" content="" itemprop="keywords"><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/forbes"><meta property="article:author" content="Eric Mack"><meta property="article:section" content="Tech" itemprop="articleSection"><meta property="article:section_url" content="https://www.forbes.com/technology//"><meta property="article:id" content="blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724"><meta property="article:published" content="2017-08-31" itemprop="datePublished"><meta property="article:modified" content="2017-08-31" itemprop="dateModified"><link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/amp/"><script id="article-metadata" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forbes","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i.forbesimg.com/media/amp/images/forbes-logo-dark.png","width":60,"height":60}},"@type":"NewsArticle","author":"Eric Mack","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/1280x868/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale","width":1280,"height":868},"headline":"Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston","datePublished":"Thu Aug 31 2017 19:36:00 GMT+0000","dateModified":"Thu Aug 31 2017 22:58:14 GMT+0000","name":"Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston","Keywords":"","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/"}</script><script id="article-speakable" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forbes","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i.forbesimg.com/media/amp/images/forbes-logo-dark.png","width":60,"height":60}},"@type":"WebPage","name":"Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston","speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":[".speakable-headline",".speakable-author",".speakable-paragraph"]},"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/"}</script></head><body><app-root ng-version="5.2.0">
		<!---->
		<router-outlet></router-outlet><app _nghost-c2=""><!---->
<navbar _ngcontent-c2="" _nghost-c4="" class="undefined-expanded"><div _ngcontent-c4="" class="top-nav">
	<a _ngcontent-c4="" class="hamburger fs-text-l">
		<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-hamburger" data-ga-track="Hamburger Icon"></i>
		<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-close" data-ga-track="Hamburger X Close"></i>
	</a>

	<div _ngcontent-c4="" class="brand-logo-container">
		<!---->

		<a _ngcontent-c4="" class="homepage-link fs-text-l" href="//www.forbes.com/">
			<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-forbes-logo" data-ga-track="Forbes Logo Link"></i>
		</a>
	</div>

	<a _ngcontent-c4="" class="share-expanded fs-text-l fs-responsive-text"><i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-share"></i></a>
	<a _ngcontent-c4="" class="search fs-text-l fs-responsive-text">
		<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-search" data-ga-track="Search Icon"></i>
		<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-close"></i>
	</a>
</div>

<!---->

<div _ngcontent-c4="" class="bottom-sticky">
	<!----><ul _ngcontent-c4="" class="expand-social fs-text-m fs-responsive-text">
		<li _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-facebook"></li>
		<li _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-twitter"></li>
		<li _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-email"></li>
		<li _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-linkedin"></li>
		<li _ngcontent-c4="" class="share-text fs-text-xxs">
			<a _ngcontent-c4="">share</a>
			<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-chevron-right"></i>
		</li>
	</ul>

	<!---->

	<a _ngcontent-c4="" class="trending">
		<i _ngcontent-c4="" class="icon icon-plus" data-ga-track="Popular Box"></i>
		<small _ngcontent-c4="">Trending</small>
	</a>
</div>
</navbar>
<!---->

<router-outlet _ngcontent-c2=""></router-outlet><stream _nghost-c13=""><!----><page _ngcontent-c13="" class="fs-main-content" _nghost-c14="" id="article-container-0" aria-current="true"><article-header _ngcontent-c14="" _nghost-c15=""><!----><channel-path _ngcontent-c15="" class="fs-text-l fs-responsive-text" _nghost-c24=""><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="logo" href="//www.forbes.com/">
	<i _ngcontent-c24="" class="icon icon-forbes-logo" data-ga-track="Forbes Logo Link"></i>
</a>
<!----><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="crumb" data-ga-track="Channel Heading Link Top" href="/science">Science</a>
<!----><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="hashtag" data-ga-track="Hashtag Click" href="/search/?substream=hashtags&amp;q=WhoaScience">#WhoaScience</a>
</channel-path>

<!----><div _ngcontent-c15="" class="top-ad-container" style="">
	<!---->
</div>

<!---->

<!---->

<small _ngcontent-c15="" class="article-meta">
	<!----><channel-path _ngcontent-c15="" _nghost-c24=""><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="logo" href="//www.forbes.com/">
	<i _ngcontent-c24="" class="icon icon-forbes-logo" data-ga-track="Forbes Logo Link"></i>
</a>
<!----><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="crumb" data-ga-track="Channel Heading Link Top" href="/science">Science</a>
<!----><a _ngcontent-c24="" class="hashtag" data-ga-track="Hashtag Click" href="/search/?substream=hashtags&amp;q=WhoaScience">#WhoaScience</a>
</channel-path>
	<metrics _ngcontent-c15="" class="fs-text-xs" _nghost-c26=""><time _ngcontent-c26="">Aug 31, 2017 @ 03:36 PM</time>
<!---->
</metrics>
	<!---->
	<!---->
	<!---->
	<!---->
	<a _ngcontent-c15="" class="circ-link fs-text-xs" href="" data-ga-track="Red Circulation Link"></a>
</small>

<!---->

<!----><h1 _ngcontent-c15="" class="fs-headline speakable-headline">Harvey's Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston</h1>

<span _ngcontent-c15="" class="badge-wrapper">
	<!---->
	<!---->
	<!---->
</span>

<div _ngcontent-c15=""><script type="text/javascript">performance.mark = performance.mark || function(s) {}; performance.mark('content_title_end');</script></div>
</article-header>
<div _ngcontent-c14="" class="article-wrapper">
	<!----><div _ngcontent-c14="" class="ad-rail-container">
		<!---->
	</div>
	<!----><div _ngcontent-c14="" class="body-container">
		<!---->
		<sharing _ngcontent-c14="" _nghost-c10=""><!----><ul _ngcontent-c10="" class="fs-text-m">
	<li _ngcontent-c10="" class="share-expanded">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-share"></i>
		</button>
	</li>
	<!----><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon email" classname="social-icon email" data-ga-track="Email Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-email" classname="icon icon-email" data-ga-track="Email Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon facebook" classname="social-icon facebook" data-ga-track="Facebook Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-facebook" classname="icon icon-facebook" data-ga-track="Facebook Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon twitter" classname="social-icon twitter" data-ga-track="Twitter Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-twitter" classname="icon icon-twitter" data-ga-track="Twitter Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon linkedin" classname="social-icon linkedin" data-ga-track="Linkedin Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-linkedin" classname="icon icon-linkedin" data-ga-track="Linkedin Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon google" classname="social-icon google" data-ga-track="Google Plus Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-google" classname="icon icon-google" data-ga-track="Google Plus Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li>

	<!---->

	<!---->
</ul>
</sharing>
		<!----><contrib-block _ngcontent-c14="" _nghost-c17=""><div _ngcontent-c17="" class="contrib-container">
	<!----><a _ngcontent-c17="" class="fs-author-avatar" href="/sites/ericmack/">
		<!----><img _ngcontent-c17="" class="fs-author-image" src="https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=400&amp;#038;d=mm&amp;#038;r=g" data-ga-track="Gravatar Link">
		<!---->
	</a>

	<div _ngcontent-c17="" class="contrib-info">
		<contrib-byline _ngcontent-c17="" _nghost-c27=""><span _ngcontent-c27="" class="fs-author-name contrib-byline-author speakable-author">
	<a _ngcontent-c27="" href="/sites/ericmack/" data-ga-track="contrib block byline">
		<!----><!---->Eric Mack<!---->
	</a>
</span>

<!----><span _ngcontent-c27="" class="comma">, </span>

<!---->

<!----><span _ngcontent-c27="" class="contrib-byline-type">
	<!---->
	<!---->
	<!----><span _ngcontent-c27="" class="fs-text-s author-type">Contributor</span>
</span>
</contrib-byline>

		<!----><span _ngcontent-c17="" class="contrib-tagline fs-text-xs fs-responsive-text" innerhtml="I cover science and innovation and products and policies they create.">I cover science and innovation and products and policies they create.</span>
		<!----><a _ngcontent-c17="" class="full-bio fs-text-xs fs-responsive-text" data-ga-track="contrib block expand">
			<span _ngcontent-c17="" class="icon icon-chevron-down"></span>
		</a>

		<!----><small _ngcontent-c17="" class="legal-disclaimer">Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.</small>

		<!---->

		<!---->

	</div>
</div>

<!---->
</contrib-block>
		<!---->
		<!---->
		<!----><article-body-container _ngcontent-c14="" class="article-body fs-article fs-responsive-text" _nghost-c20=""><!---->

<!---->

<!---->
<div _ngcontent-c20="" innerhtml="<div id=&quot;attachment_841052314&quot; class=&quot;wp-caption alignnone&quot;> 
 <div class=&quot;article-body-image&quot;> 
  <progressive-image class=&quot;progressive-placeholder&quot; src=&quot;https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale&quot; low-res-src=&quot;https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/100x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale&quot;></progressive-image> 
 </div> 
 <div article-image-caption=&quot;&quot;> 
  <div class=&quot;caption-container&quot; ng-class=&quot;caption_state&quot;> 
   <fbs-accordion current=&quot;0&quot;> 
    <p class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;>HOUSTON, TX - AUGUST 30: Flooding continues to be shown near downtown Houston following Hurricane Harvey August 30, 2017, in Houston, Texas. The city of Houston is still experiencing severe flooding in some areas due to the accumulation of historic levels of rainfall, though the storm has moved to the north and east. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)</p> 
   </fbs-accordion> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
</div> 
<p>The sun finally re-appeared over Houston Thursday, but <a href=&quot;http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2017/08/harvey_houston_30_percent_unde.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>estimates put 30 percent of the city under waters</a> from the unprecedented rains dumped by <a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2017/08/30/seven-big-picture-questions-about-tropical-storm-harvey-answered/&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;>Hurricane Harvey</a> over the past week. Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites in Harris County.</p> 
<p>Before the flood, signs warned residents about the dangers of eating fish and crab caught near the&amp;nbsp;<span><a href=&quot;https://www.epa.gov/tx/sjrwp&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>San Jacinto River Waste Pits&amp;nbsp;site</a> in Channelview. Today the signs may be washed away, but the carcinogenic dioxins found in the pits could be flowing around the metro area.&amp;nbsp;</span></p> 
<p>The pits have been around for decades, and <a href=&quot;http://www.houstonpress.com/news/the-san-jacinto-river-waste-pit-superfund-site-was-abandoned-according-to-plan-8585885&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>the local joke is that it may take just as long to clean them up</a>. Now Harvey has come in like a big wet mop, likely just spreading the mess around all over.</p> 
<p> 
 </p> 
<p>Another cleanup site where <a href=&quot;https://map.u-flood.com/houston/#14.17/29.9014/-95.5848&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>flooding has been reported in the neighborhood</a> is the <a href=&quot;https://www.tceq.texas.gov/remediation/superfund/jonesroad/index.html/#Photo&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>Jones Road Plume</a>, where the groundwater had been contaminated by chemicals used at a dry cleaning facility on the site for years.</p> 
<p>Then on the east side of town is Patrick Bayou, which has been known over the years for its accumulation of more than a few toxic substances, including, <a href=&quot;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605329&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>according to the EPA</a>:</p> 
<div class=&quot;vestpocket&quot; vest-pocket=&quot;&quot;></div> 
<p><em>&quot;...arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides.&quot;</em></p> 
<p>The <a href=&quot;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.topics&amp;amp;id=0607093#Risk&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>U.S. Oil Recovery Site</a> in Pasadena also adds the potential for contributing some oily sludge and other hazardous waste to the mix.</p> 
<p>The story is similar for the <a href=&quot;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0602601&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>Brio Refining</a>&amp;nbsp;and <a href=&quot;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600006&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>Dixie Oil Processors</a> sites, both located in Friendswood to the southeast of downtown Houston.</p> 
<p>This is all to say nothing of several more Superfund sites considered to be remediated where no active cleanup is taking place. But it can't be ruled out that Harvey's&amp;nbsp;widespread inundation&amp;nbsp;could have stirred&amp;nbsp;these sites up, allowing some nastiness to float to the top.</p> 
<p>There's very little good news in all of this, and a whole lot of uncertainty, as the status of many toxic sites may remain undetermined for weeks.</p> 
<p>In the meantime, local health officials urge caution.</p> 
<p>&quot;We're telling people to avoid the floodwater as much as possible,&quot; Houston Health Department spokesman Porfirio Villarreal told the <a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/us/houston-contaminated-floodwaters.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;>New York Times</a>. &quot;Don't let your children play in it. And if you do touch it, wash it off. Remember, this is going to go on for weeks.&quot;</p>"><div id="attachment_841052314" class="wp-caption alignnone"> 
 <div class="article-body-image"> 
  <progressive-image class="progressive-placeholder" src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale" low-res-src="https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/100x0/smart/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F841052314%2F960x0.jpg%3Ffit%3Dscale"></progressive-image> 
 </div> 
 <div article-image-caption=""> 
  <div class="caption-container" ng-class="caption_state"> 
   <fbs-accordion current="0"> 
    <p class="wp-caption-text">HOUSTON, TX - AUGUST 30: Flooding continues to be shown near downtown Houston following Hurricane Harvey August 30, 2017, in Houston, Texas. The city of Houston is still experiencing severe flooding in some areas due to the accumulation of historic levels of rainfall, though the storm has moved to the north and east. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)</p> 
   </fbs-accordion> 
  </div> 
 </div> 
</div> 
<p class="speakable-paragraph">The sun finally re-appeared over Houston Thursday, but <a href="http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2017/08/harvey_houston_30_percent_unde.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">estimates put 30 percent of the city under waters</a> from the unprecedented rains dumped by <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2017/08/30/seven-big-picture-questions-about-tropical-storm-harvey-answered/" target="_self">Hurricane Harvey</a> over the past week. Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites in Harris County.</p> 
<p>Before the flood, signs warned residents about the dangers of eating fish and crab caught near the&nbsp;<span><a href="https://www.epa.gov/tx/sjrwp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">San Jacinto River Waste Pits&nbsp;site</a> in Channelview. Today the signs may be washed away, but the carcinogenic dioxins found in the pits could be flowing around the metro area.&nbsp;</span></p> 
<p>The pits have been around for decades, and <a href="http://www.houstonpress.com/news/the-san-jacinto-river-waste-pit-superfund-site-was-abandoned-according-to-plan-8585885" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">the local joke is that it may take just as long to clean them up</a>. Now Harvey has come in like a big wet mop, likely just spreading the mess around all over.</p> 
<p> 
 </p> 
<p>Another cleanup site where <a href="https://map.u-flood.com/houston/#14.17/29.9014/-95.5848" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">flooding has been reported in the neighborhood</a> is the <a href="https://www.tceq.texas.gov/remediation/superfund/jonesroad/index.html/#Photo" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Jones Road Plume</a>, where the groundwater had been contaminated by chemicals used at a dry cleaning facility on the site for years.</p> 
<p>Then on the east side of town is Patrick Bayou, which has been known over the years for its accumulation of more than a few toxic substances, including, <a href="https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605329" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">according to the EPA</a>:</p> 
<div class="vestpocket" vest-pocket=""></div> 
<p><em>"...arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides."</em></p> 
<p>The <a href="https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.topics&amp;id=0607093#Risk" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">U.S. Oil Recovery Site</a> in Pasadena also adds the potential for contributing some oily sludge and other hazardous waste to the mix.</p> 
<p>The story is similar for the <a href="https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0602601" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Brio Refining</a>&nbsp;and <a href="https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600006" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Dixie Oil Processors</a> sites, both located in Friendswood to the southeast of downtown Houston.</p> 
<p>This is all to say nothing of several more Superfund sites considered to be remediated where no active cleanup is taking place. But it can't be ruled out that Harvey's&nbsp;widespread inundation&nbsp;could have stirred&nbsp;these sites up, allowing some nastiness to float to the top.</p> 
<p>There's very little good news in all of this, and a whole lot of uncertainty, as the status of many toxic sites may remain undetermined for weeks.</p> 
<p>In the meantime, local health officials urge caution.</p> 
<p>"We're telling people to avoid the floodwater as much as possible," Houston Health Department spokesman Porfirio Villarreal told the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/us/houston-contaminated-floodwaters.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">New York Times</a>. "Don't let your children play in it. And if you do touch it, wash it off. Remember, this is going to go on for weeks."</p></div>
<!---->
<!---->
<!----><sig-file _ngcontent-c20=""><div innerhtml="<p><em>To jack in to my brain and get more on the latest in science, tech and innovation, follow me here on Forbes, as well as on Twitter <a href=&quot;http://twitter.com/EricCMack&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>@ericcmack</a> and on <a href=&quot;https://plus.google.com/u/0/100364844226863135021/posts&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>Google+</a>.</em></p>"><p><em>To jack in to my brain and get more on the latest in science, tech and innovation, follow me here on Forbes, as well as on Twitter <a href="http://twitter.com/EricCMack" target="_blank">@ericcmack</a> and on <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/100364844226863135021/posts" target="_blank">Google+</a>.</em></p></div></sig-file>
</article-body-container>
		<!---->
		<footer _ngcontent-c14="" class="article-footer">
			<!---->
			<sharing _ngcontent-c14="" _nghost-c10=""><!----><ul _ngcontent-c10="" class="fs-text-m">
	<li _ngcontent-c10="" class="share-expanded">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-share"></i>
		</button>
	</li>
	<!----><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon email" classname="social-icon email" data-ga-track="Email Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-email" classname="icon icon-email" data-ga-track="Email Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon facebook" classname="social-icon facebook" data-ga-track="Facebook Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-facebook" classname="icon icon-facebook" data-ga-track="Facebook Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon twitter" classname="social-icon twitter" data-ga-track="Twitter Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-twitter" classname="icon icon-twitter" data-ga-track="Twitter Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon linkedin" classname="social-icon linkedin" data-ga-track="Linkedin Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-linkedin" classname="icon icon-linkedin" data-ga-track="Linkedin Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li><li _ngcontent-c10="">
		<button _ngcontent-c10="" class="social-icon google" classname="social-icon google" data-ga-track="Google Plus Click">
			<i _ngcontent-c10="" class="icon icon-google" classname="icon icon-google" data-ga-track="Google Plus Click"></i>
		</button>
	</li>

	<!---->

	<!---->
</ul>
</sharing>
			<printbar _ngcontent-c14="" _nghost-c22=""><ul _ngcontent-c22="" class="fs-text-xxs fs-responsive-text">
	<li _ngcontent-c22="" class="print">
		<a _ngcontent-c22="">Print</a>
	</li>
	<li _ngcontent-c22="">
		<a _ngcontent-c22="" href="mailto:feedback@forbes.com">Website Feedback</a>
	</li>
	<li _ngcontent-c22="">
		<a _ngcontent-c22="" href="https://www.forbes.com/tips/" target="_blank">News Tip</a>
	</li>
	<li _ngcontent-c22="" class="corrections">
		<a _ngcontent-c22="" href="mailto:corrections@forbes.com?subject=Report%20Correction&amp;body=Reporting%20Correction%20for%3A%0A%0ATitle%3A%20Harvey's%20Flood%20Waters%20Could%20Be%20Contaminated%20By%20These%20Polluted%20Superfund%20Sites%20Around%20Houston%0AAuthor%3A%20Eric%20Mack%0AURL%3A%20%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fericmack%2F2017%2F08%2F31%2Fhurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution%2F%0A%0A--%0A%0AYour%20Name%3A%0ACorrection%20Request%3A%0A%0A--%0A%0AThank%20you%20for%20reporting%20a%20correction.%20Forbes%20staff%20will%20review%20your%20concern%20shortly.">Report Corrections</a>
	</li>
	<li _ngcontent-c22="">
		<a _ngcontent-c22="" href="http://forbesreprints.magreprints.com" target="_blank">Reprints &amp; Permissions</a>
	</li>
</ul></printbar>
			<!---->
		</footer>
	</div>
</div>

<!----><div _ngcontent-c14="">
	<!---->
	<!---->
</div>
</page>
</stream>
<!---->

<sidenav _ngcontent-c2="" _nghost-c7="" class="undefined-expanded"><!---->

<!---->

<!---->
</sidenav>

<!---->
</app>
	</app-root><script id="ng-templates-state" type="application/json">{&q;environmentName&q;:&q;prod&q;,&q;is_mobile&q;:false,&q;/forbesapi/content/uri.json?shortcodes=true&a;slides=true&a;type=ng&a;tickers=true&a;bvallpages=true&a;autovpslider=true&a;stream=true&a;compressimages=true&a;mobile=false&a;prgsmobileads=false&a;relativeVideo=true&a;videoplayertype=brightcove_perform_with_keyvalues&a;swimlane=&a;uri=http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/&q;:{&q;content&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;content_59a8526d64aaf97b128ddbca&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&q;,&q;source&q;:&q;blogs&q;,&q;author&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Harvey&s;s Flood Waters Could Be Contaminated By These Polluted Superfund Sites Around Houston&q;,&q;date&q;:1504208160000,&q;body&q;:&q;&l;p&g;[caption id=\&q;attachment_841052314\&q; photocredit=\&q;\&q;  align=\&q;\&q; width=\&q;960\&q;]&l;img class=\&q;dam-image getty size-large wp-image-841052314\&q; src=\&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/841052314/960x0.jpg?fit=scale\&q; data-height=\&q;642\&q; data-width=\&q;960\&q;&g; HOUSTON, TX - AUGUST 30: Flooding continues to be shown near downtown Houston following Hurricane Harvey August 30, 2017, in Houston, Texas. The city of Houston is still experiencing severe flooding in some areas due to the accumulation of historic levels of rainfall, though the storm has moved to the north and east. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe sun finally re-appeared over Houston Thursday, but &l;a href=\&q;http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2017/08/harvey_houston_30_percent_unde.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;estimates put 30 percent of the city under waters&l;/a&g; from the unprecedented rains dumped by &l;a href=\&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2017/08/30/seven-big-picture-questions-about-tropical-storm-harvey-answered/\&q;&g;Hurricane Harvey&l;/a&g; over the past week. Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites in Harris County.\r\n\r\nBefore the flood, signs warned residents about the dangers of eating fish and crab caught near the&a;nbsp;&l;span&g;&l;a href=\&q;https://www.epa.gov/tx/sjrwp\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;San Jacinto River Waste Pits&a;nbsp;site&l;/a&g; in Channelview. Today the signs may be washed away, but the carcinogenic dioxins found in the pits could be flowing around the metro area.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;\r\n\r\nThe pits have been around for decades, and &l;a href=\&q;http://www.houstonpress.com/news/the-san-jacinto-river-waste-pit-superfund-site-was-abandoned-according-to-plan-8585885\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;the local joke is that it may take just as long to clean them up&l;/a&g;. Now Harvey has come in like a big wet mop, likely just spreading the mess around all over.\r\n\r\nAnother cleanup site where &l;a href=\&q;https://map.u-flood.com/houston/#14.17/29.9014/-95.5848\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;flooding has been reported in the neighborhood&l;/a&g; is the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.tceq.texas.gov/remediation/superfund/jonesroad/index.html/#Photo\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;Jones Road Plume&l;/a&g;, where the groundwater had been contaminated by chemicals used at a dry cleaning facility on the site for years.\r\n\r\nThen on the east side of town is Patrick Bayou, which has been known over the years for its accumulation of more than a few toxic substances, including, &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605329\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;according to the EPA&l;/a&g;:\r\n\r\n&l;em&g;\&q;...arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides.\&q;&l;/em&g;\r\n\r\nThe &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.topics&a;amp;id=0607093#Risk\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;U.S. Oil Recovery Site&l;/a&g; in Pasadena also adds the potential for contributing some oily sludge and other hazardous waste to the mix.\r\n\r\nThe story is similar for the &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0602601\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;Brio Refining&l;/a&g;&a;nbsp;and &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600006\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;Dixie Oil Processors&l;/a&g; sites, both located in Friendswood to the southeast of downtown Houston.\r\n&l;!--donotpaginate--&g;\r\nThis is all to say nothing of several more Superfund sites considered to be remediated where no active cleanup is taking place. But it can&s;t be ruled out that Harvey&s;s&a;nbsp;widespread inundation&a;nbsp;could have stirred&a;nbsp;these sites up, allowing some nastiness to float to the top.\r\n\r\nThere&s;s very little good news in all of this, and a whole lot of uncertainty, as the status of many toxic sites may remain undetermined for weeks.\r\n\r\nIn the meantime, local health officials urge caution.\r\n\r\n\&q;We&s;re telling people to avoid the floodwater as much as possible,\&q; Houston Health Department spokesman Porfirio Villarreal told the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/us/houston-contaminated-floodwaters.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;New York Times&l;/a&g;. \&q;Don&s;t let your children play in it. And if you do touch it, wash it off. Remember, this is going to go on for weeks.\&q;&l;/p&g;&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites around Houston.&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/841052314/960x0.jpg?fit=scale&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;storyType&q;:&q;post&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-flood-houston-epa-superfund-pollution/&q;,&q;comments&q;:[],&q;visible&q;:true,&q;authors&q;:[{&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/971736&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;avatars&q;:[{&q;size&q;:400,&q;image&q;:&q;https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=400&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:136,&q;image&q;:&q;https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=136&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:62,&q;image&q;:&q;https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=62&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:40,&q;image&q;:&q;https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=40&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;}],&q;url&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Contributor&q;,&q;profileUrl&q;:&q;/sites/ericmack/&q;,&q;twitterName&q;:&q;ericcmack&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;individual&q;,&q;linkedIn&q;:&q;https://www.linkedin.com/in/ericcmack&q;,&q;email&q;:&q;emackforbes@gmail.com&q;,&q;blog&q;:false,&q;timestamp&q;:1459780868544,&q;shortBio&q;:&q;I cover science and innovation and products and policies they create.&q;,&q;topics&q;:[&q;washington&q;,&q;the-economy&q;,&q;security&q;,&q;tech&q;,&q;gear&q;,&q;business&q;,&q;innovation-and-science&q;,&q;mobile&q;,&q;politics&q;,&q;techonomy&q;,&q;science--technology&q;,&q;game-changers&q;,&q;powering-productivity&q;,&q;sports--leisure&q;,&q;data-driven&q;,&q;lifestyle&q;,&q;empowering-innovation&q;,&q;intelligent-tech&q;,&q;entrepreneurs&q;,&q;autos&q;,&q;places-spaces&q;,&q;travel&q;,&q;forbeslife-watches-jewelry&q;],&q;description&q;:&q;I&s;ve covered science, technology, the environment and politics for outlets including CNET, PC World, BYTE, Wired, AOL and NPR. I was managing editor of Crowdsourcing.org, I&s;ve written e-books on Android and Alaska and reported from South by Southwest, Ecuador&s;s nascent Silicon Valley and countless places in between.\r\n\r\nI began covering Silicon Valley for the now defunct Business 2.0 Magazine in 2000, but when the dot-com bubble burst, I found myself manning a public radio station in the Alaskan Bush for three years.\r\n\r\nUpon returning to the lower 48, I covered politics, energy and the environment as a freelancer for National Public Radio programs and spent time as an online editor for AOL and Comcast.\r\n \r\nFor the past 4 years, I’ve returned to focusing on the world of technology.\r\n\r\nI live in Taos, New Mexico where I’m also a co-founder of an Expeditionary Learning charter school in a nearby rural community.&q;,&q;recentActivityCount&q;:0,&q;latestActivityDate&q;:1446680340000,&q;dailyActivityCount&q;:0,&q;primaryBlogNaturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/blog-2844&q;,&q;shortUri&q;:&q;http://onforb.es/1co9CNb&q;,&q;displayChannel&q;:&q;technology&q;,&q;displaySection&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;contributorSince&q;:1381181807000,&q;slug&q;:&q;ericmack&q;,&q;showNoVestPocket&q;:false,&q;embargo&q;:false,&q;primaryChannelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;primarySectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;googlePlus&q;:&q;EricMack&q;,&q;enableContribContact&q;:true,&q;sigfile&q;:&q;&l;em&g;To jack in to my brain and get more on the latest in science, tech and innovation, follow me here on Forbes, as well as on Twitter &l;a href=\&q;http://twitter.com/EricCMack\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;@ericcmack&l;/a&g; and on &l;a href=\&q;https://plus.google.com/u/0/100364844226863135021/posts\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q;&g;Google+&l;/a&g;.&l;/em&g;&q;,&q;enableTwitterFeed&q;:false,&q;disableCanonical&q;:false,&q;disableDigest&q;:false,&q;forbesTwitterProfile&q;:{&q;screenName&q;:&q;EricCMack&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;profileImageUrl&q;:&q;http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/192601179/ny_trip_165x.jpg&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Husband, dad, senior millennial, journalist &a; podcaster covering the future. @CNET contributing editor, @ourwarmregards producer, @Forbes &a; @Inc contributor&q;,&q;createdDate&q;:1216750710000,&q;location&q;:&q;New Mexico&q;,&q;url&q;:null,&q;expandedUrl&q;:null,&q;displayUrl&q;:null,&q;verified&q;:false},&q;inactive&q;:true,&q;badges&q;:[],&q;primaryChannel&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Tech&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/science&q;,&q;shortName&q;:&q;Science&q;},&q;allowEmail&q;:false,&q;avatar_map&q;:{}},{&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/blog-2844&q;,&q;avatars&q;:[{&q;size&q;:0,&q;image&q;:&q;&q;},{&q;size&q;:0,&q;image&q;:&q;&q;},{&q;size&q;:0,&q;image&q;:&q;&q;},{&q;size&q;:0,&q;image&q;:&q;&q;}],&q;url&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/&q;,&q;profileUrl&q;:&q;https://blogs.forbes.com/ericmack/profile/&q;,&q;twitterName&q;:&q;ericcmack&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;individual&q;,&q;blog&q;:true,&q;timestamp&q;:1518539816701,&q;topics&q;:[&q;washington&q;,&q;the-economy&q;,&q;security&q;,&q;tech&q;,&q;business&q;,&q;gear&q;,&q;game-changers&q;,&q;mobile&q;,&q;innovation-and-science&q;,&q;media--entertainment&q;,&q;transformational-tech&q;,&q;places-spaces&q;,&q;lifestyle&q;,&q;logistics-transportation&q;,&q;politics&q;,&q;techonomy&q;,&q;reinventing-america&q;,&q;commodities-currencies&q;,&q;policy&q;,&q;investing&q;,&q;science--technology&q;,&q;autos&q;,&q;europe&q;,&q;world-affairs&q;,&q;social-media&q;,&q;arts--entertainment&q;,&q;intelligent-tech&q;,&q;games&q;,&q;powering-productivity&q;,&q;data-driven&q;,&q;ceo-network&q;,&q;leadership&q;,&q;sports--leisure&q;,&q;travel&q;,&q;watches&q;,&q;health&q;,&q;forbeslife-tech&q;,&q;forbeslife&q;,&q;empowering-innovation&q;,&q;entrepreneurs&q;,&q;leaders&q;,&q;globetrotters&q;,&q;startups&q;,&q;green-tech&q;,&q;style-and-design&q;,&q;forbeslife-watches-jewelry&q;],&q;recentActivityCount&q;:0,&q;latestActivityDate&q;:1446680340000,&q;dailyActivityCount&q;:0,&q;primaryBlogNaturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/blog-2844&q;,&q;primaryContributor&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/971736&q;,&q;primaryContributorData&q;:{&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAuthorId/blog/author/971736&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;avatars&q;:[{&q;size&q;:136,&q;image&q;:&q;https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=136&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:400,&q;image&q;:&q;https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=400&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:40,&q;image&q;:&q;https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=40&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;},{&q;size&q;:62,&q;image&q;:&q;https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=62&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;}],&q;blog&q;:false,&q;shortBio&q;:&q;I cover science and innovation and products and policies they create.&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;I&s;ve covered science, technology, the environment and politics for outlets including CNET, PC World, BYTE, Wired, AOL and NPR. I was managing editor of Crowdsourcing.org, I&s;ve written e-books on Android and Alaska and reported from South by Southwest, Ecuador&s;s nascent Silicon Valley and countless places in between.\r\n&l;br&g;&l;br&g;\r\nI began covering Silicon Valley for the now defunct Business 2.0 Magazine in 2000, but when the dot-com bubble burst, I found myself manning a public radio station in the Alaskan Bush for three years.\r\n&l;br&g;&l;br&g;\r\nUpon returning to the lower 48, I covered politics, energy and the environment as a freelancer for National Public Radio programs and spent time as an online editor for AOL and Comcast.\r\n&l;br&g;&l;br&g; \r\nFor the past 4 years, I’ve returned to focusing on the world of technology.\r\n&l;br&g;&l;br&g;\r\nI live in Taos, New Mexico where I’m also a co-founder of an Expeditionary Learning charter school in a nearby rural community.&q;,&q;allowEmail&q;:false},&q;shortUri&q;:&q;http://onforb.es/1co9CNb&q;,&q;displayChannel&q;:&q;technology&q;,&q;displaySection&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;contributorSince&q;:1381167540000,&q;slug&q;:&q;ericmack&q;,&q;showNoVestPocket&q;:false,&q;embargo&q;:false,&q;primaryChannelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;primarySectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;enableContribContact&q;:false,&q;enableTwitterFeed&q;:false,&q;disableCanonical&q;:false,&q;disableDigest&q;:false,&q;forbesTwitterProfile&q;:{&q;screenName&q;:&q;EricCMack&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;profileImageUrl&q;:&q;http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/192601179/ny_trip_165x.jpg&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Husband, dad, senior millennial, journalist &a; podcaster covering the future. @CNET contributing editor, @ourwarmregards producer, @Forbes &a; @Inc contributor&q;,&q;createdDate&q;:1216750710000,&q;location&q;:&q;New Mexico&q;,&q;url&q;:null,&q;expandedUrl&q;:null,&q;displayUrl&q;:null,&q;verified&q;:false},&q;inactive&q;:false,&q;primaryChannel&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Tech&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/science&q;,&q;shortName&q;:&q;Science&q;},&q;allowEmail&q;:false,&q;avatar_map&q;:{}}],&q;channelSection&q;:[{&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;},{&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;}],&q;blogType&q;:&q;individual&q;,&q;sitePage&q;:&q;forbes.com/technology/blogs/ericmack/index.html&q;,&q;displayChannel&q;:&q;technology&q;,&q;displaySection&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;vestPocketList&q;:[{&q;id&q;:&q;59a0751164aaf9435aebbfc7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2017/08/25/hurricane-harvey-path-tracking-nasa-space-texas-landfall-satellite-view/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/ericmack/files/2017/08/harvey_tmo_2017236.jpg&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;The View Of Hurricane Harvey From Space Is Chilling&q;,&q;contentType&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;position&q;:0,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3716&q;,&q;authorImage&q;:&q;http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/edeef133606a46acf5a4967a5d9d2216?s=40&a;#038;d=mm&a;#038;r=g&q;,&q;authorUrl&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;Contributor&q;,&q;authorName&q;:&q;Eric Mack&q;,&q;blogType&q;:&q;individual&q;},{&q;id&q;:&q;59a71eaa64aaf97b128dd60c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/morganstanley/2017/08/30/donate-now-to-hurricane-harvey-relief-efforts/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Donate Now To Hurricane Harvey Relief Efforts&q;,&q;contentType&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/4370-1461&q;,&q;authorImage&q;:&q;http://blogs-images.forbes.com/morganstanley/files/2016/04/morganstanleyteam_avatar_1461779951-40x40.png&q;,&q;authorUrl&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/morganstanley/&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;AdVoice&q;,&q;authorName&q;:&q;Morgan Stanley Team&q;,&q;groupAuthorImage&q;:&q;https://blogs-images.forbes.com/assets/images/avatars/blog-4370_40_3ffc4b05b6eb8a4483827cbfb3251fea.jpg&q;,&q;groupAuthorUrl&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/morganstanley/&q;,&q;groupAuthorType&q;:&q;AdVoice&q;,&q;groupAuthorName&q;:&q;Morgan Stanley&q;,&q;advoiceBrand&q;:&q;Morgan Stanley&q;,&q;blogType&q;:&q;ad&q;},{&q;id&q;:&q;59a6e7c864aaf97b128dd46f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/uhenergy/2017/08/30/after-harvey-the-issue-turns-to-houstons-aging-petrochemical-infrastructure/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/839993916/960x0.jpg?fit=scale&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;After Harvey, Attention Turns To Houston&s;s Petrochemical Infrastructure&q;,&q;contentType&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;position&q;:2,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/4089-1203&q;,&q;authorImage&q;:&q;http://blogs-images.forbes.com/uhenergy/files/2016/08/University-of-Houston-Energy-Fellows_avatar_1472064038-40x40.png&q;,&q;authorUrl&q;:&q;http://www.forbes.com/sites/uhenergy/&q;,&q;authorType&q;:&q;Contributor&q;,&q;authorName&q;:&q;University of Houston Energy Fellows&q;,&q;blogType&q;:&q;group&q;},{&q;type&q;:&q;slide&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mlj45jggj/1-detroit/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;http://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/026M72T8ElbzS/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;The 10 Most Dangerous U.S. Cities&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndSlideId/blog/slide/986-6336&q;,&q;count&q;:39553,&q;reason&q;:&q;MP-G&q;},{&q;type&q;:&q;blog&q;,&q;uri&q;:&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizryan/2018/02/12/ten-things-only-lousy-managers-say-2/&q;,&q;image&q;:&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/dam/imageserve/1022439613/960x0.jpg?fit=scale&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Ten Things Only Lousy Managers Say&q;,&q;naturalId&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/2989-32902&q;,&q;count&q;:0,&q;reason&q;:&q;FB&q;}],&q;generatedId&q;:&q;flhh45gkfh&q;,&q;manualDescription&q;:&q;Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites around Houston.&q;,&q;primaryChannelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;primarySectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;vestPocketPosition&q;:6,&q;siteSlug&q;:&q;ericmack&q;,&q;preview&q;:false,&q;showComments&q;:true,&q;timestamp&q;:1504220294601,&q;commentCount&q;:1,&q;calledOutCommentCount&q;:0,&q;statsEntities&q;:[{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Disaster_Accident&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Environment&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Weather&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Geography of Texas&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Environment of the United States&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;96th United States Congress&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Environment&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Pollution in the United States&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Superfund&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;United States Environmental Protection Agency&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;San Jacinto River&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Hyperlink&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:null},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Newspaper Publishing&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:0},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Digital Media Agencies&q;,&q;type&q;:null,&q;relevance&q;:0},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Texas&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;ProvinceOrState&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Dixie Oil Processors&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Technology&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Getty Images&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Company&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Pasadena&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;City&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Patrick Bayou&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Person&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;cleanup site&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;IndustryTerm&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Houston Health Department spokesman&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Position&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;New York Times&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;PublishedMedium&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;New York Times&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Company&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Porfirio Villarreal&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Person&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;chemicals&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;IndustryTerm&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Houston&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;City&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.8},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Harris County&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;ProvinceOrState&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2},{&q;id&q;:null,&q;name&q;:&q;Environmental Protection Agency&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;Organization&q;,&q;relevance&q;:0.2}],&q;showNoVestPocket&q;:false,&q;googleKeywords&q;:[&q;hurricane harvey&q;,&q; tropical storm harvey&q;,&q; houston&q;,&q; superfund&q;,&q; epa&q;,&q; pollution&q;,&q; toxic&q;],&q;writtenByForbesStaff&q;:false,&q;templateType&q;:&q;standard&q;,&q;enableSigfile&q;:true,&q;primaryChannel&q;:{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelId&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Tech&q;,&q;sectionId&q;:&q;section_16&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/science&q;,&q;shortName&q;:&q;Science&q;},&q;pages&q;:[&q;&l;div id=\&q;attachment_841052314\&q; class=\&q;wp-caption alignnone\&q;&g; \n &l;div class=\&q;article-body-image\&q;&g; \n  &l;img class=\&q;dam-image getty size-large wp-image-841052314\&q; src=\&q;https://specials-images.forbesimg.com/imageserve/841052314/960x0.jpg?fit=scale\&q; data-height=\&q;642\&q; data-width=\&q;960\&q; /&g; \n &l;/div&g; \n &l;div article-image-caption=\&q;\&q;&g; \n  &l;div class=\&q;caption-container\&q; ng-class=\&q;caption_state\&q;&g; \n   &l;fbs-accordion current=\&q;0\&q;&g; \n    &l;p class=\&q;wp-caption-text\&q;&g;HOUSTON, TX - AUGUST 30: Flooding continues to be shown near downtown Houston following Hurricane Harvey August 30, 2017, in Houston, Texas. The city of Houston is still experiencing severe flooding in some areas due to the accumulation of historic levels of rainfall, though the storm has moved to the north and east. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)&l;/p&g; \n   &l;/fbs-accordion&g; \n  &l;/div&g; \n &l;/div&g; \n&l;/div&g; \n&l;p&g;The sun finally re-appeared over Houston Thursday, but &l;a href=\&q;http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2017/08/harvey_houston_30_percent_unde.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;estimates put 30 percent of the city under waters&l;/a&g; from the unprecedented rains dumped by &l;a href=\&q;https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2017/08/30/seven-big-picture-questions-about-tropical-storm-harvey-answered/\&q; target=\&q;_self\&q;&g;Hurricane Harvey&l;/a&g; over the past week. Lurking within the flood waters could be a toxic soup from untold sources, including the dozen or more EPA Superfund sites in Harris County.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Before the flood, signs warned residents about the dangers of eating fish and crab caught near the&a;nbsp;&l;span&g;&l;a href=\&q;https://www.epa.gov/tx/sjrwp\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;San Jacinto River Waste Pits&a;nbsp;site&l;/a&g; in Channelview. Today the signs may be washed away, but the carcinogenic dioxins found in the pits could be flowing around the metro area.&a;nbsp;&l;/span&g;&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The pits have been around for decades, and &l;a href=\&q;http://www.houstonpress.com/news/the-san-jacinto-river-waste-pit-superfund-site-was-abandoned-according-to-plan-8585885\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;the local joke is that it may take just as long to clean them up&l;/a&g;. Now Harvey has come in like a big wet mop, likely just spreading the mess around all over.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g; \n &l;fbs-ad position=\&q;inread\&q; progressive=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/fbs-ad&g;&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Another cleanup site where &l;a href=\&q;https://map.u-flood.com/houston/#14.17/29.9014/-95.5848\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;flooding has been reported in the neighborhood&l;/a&g; is the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.tceq.texas.gov/remediation/superfund/jonesroad/index.html/#Photo\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Jones Road Plume&l;/a&g;, where the groundwater had been contaminated by chemicals used at a dry cleaning facility on the site for years.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;Then on the east side of town is Patrick Bayou, which has been known over the years for its accumulation of more than a few toxic substances, including, &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0605329\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;according to the EPA&l;/a&g;:&l;/p&g; \n&l;div class=\&q;vestpocket\&q; vest-pocket=\&q;\&q;&g;&l;/div&g; \n&l;p&g;&l;em&g;&a;quot;...arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, zinc, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides.&a;quot;&l;/em&g;&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.topics&a;amp;id=0607093#Risk\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;U.S. Oil Recovery Site&l;/a&g; in Pasadena also adds the potential for contributing some oily sludge and other hazardous waste to the mix.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;The story is similar for the &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0602601\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Brio Refining&l;/a&g;&a;nbsp;and &l;a href=\&q;https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0600006\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;Dixie Oil Processors&l;/a&g; sites, both located in Friendswood to the southeast of downtown Houston.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;This is all to say nothing of several more Superfund sites considered to be remediated where no active cleanup is taking place. But it can&s;t be ruled out that Harvey&s;s&a;nbsp;widespread inundation&a;nbsp;could have stirred&a;nbsp;these sites up, allowing some nastiness to float to the top.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;There&s;s very little good news in all of this, and a whole lot of uncertainty, as the status of many toxic sites may remain undetermined for weeks.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;In the meantime, local health officials urge caution.&l;/p&g; \n&l;p&g;&a;quot;We&s;re telling people to avoid the floodwater as much as possible,&a;quot; Houston Health Department spokesman Porfirio Villarreal told the &l;a href=\&q;https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/us/houston-contaminated-floodwaters.html\&q; target=\&q;_blank\&q; rel=\&q;nofollow\&q;&g;New York Times&l;/a&g;. &a;quot;Don&s;t let your children play in it. And if you do touch it, wash it off. Remember, this is going to go on for weeks.&a;quot;&l;/p&g;&q;],&q;channelSectionMappings&q;:[{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_3&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Tech&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/technology/&q;},{&q;id&q;:&q;channel_3section_16&q;,&q;channelName&q;:&q;Tech&q;,&q;sectionName&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;/science&q;}],&q;blogId&q;:&q;2844&q;,&q;disableDigest&q;:false,&q;pTagCount&q;:13,&q;hashtags&q;:[&q;WhoaScience&q;],&q;hideDescription&q;:false,&q;sponsored&q;:false,&q;doNotPaginate&q;:true,&q;editorsPick&q;:false,&q;sentimentScore&q;:-0.599891,&q;numberOfImages&q;:1,&q;relativeVideo&q;:{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5454412529001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;New York&s;s Hidden Rooftop Garden&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},&q;relativeVideos&q;:[{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5191240274001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;The Star Nearest To Our Sun May Host A Habitable Planet&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5454412529001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;New York&s;s Hidden Rooftop Garden&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5192425148001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Piecing Together The Gender Jigsaw Of Autism&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5211326568001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;NASA Shares Stunning Image of Saturn&s;s &s;Watercolor&s; Swirls&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5219382953001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Nasa Launches &s;Revolutionary&s; Weather Satellite&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5231403669001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Medieval Cold Snap That Caused Famine And Death Reveals Danger Of Climate Change&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5379448846001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Take A Peek at NASA’s Massive James Webb Space Telescope&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true},{&q;videoId&q;:&q;5305389825001&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;A 2-Mile Crack Opens Up In Arizona&q;,&q;playerId&q;:&q;S1EBSbDn&q;,&q;keyValues&q;:&q;displaysection=Science&a;fl=&a;channel=tech&a;swimlane=&a;specialslot=&a;section=tech:science&a;id=blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&a;brand=&a;displaychannel=technology&q;,&q;autoPlay&q;:true}],&q;hasVideo&q;:false,&q;hasInfographic&q;:false,&q;bulletList&q;:[null,null,null],&q;trumpContent&q;:false,&q;wordCount&q;:446,&q;hashtagSetting&q;:{&q;hashtag&q;:&q;WhoaScience&q;,&q;autoplay&q;:true,&q;specialSlot&q;:&q;&q;,&q;sponsored&q;:false,&q;active&q;:true},&q;fully_loaded&q;:true}},&q;adsConfig&q;:{&q;mobile&q;:false,&q;ad_unit_path&q;:&q;/7175/fdc.forbes/article-d&q;,&q;amazonSlots&q;:[{&q;slotID&q;:&q;top&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[728,90],[970,250]]},{&q;slotID&q;:&q;rec&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,600]]},{&q;slotID&q;:&q;recx&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,600]]},{&q;slotID&q;:&q;loge&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,600]]}],&q;positions&q;:{&q;top&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;top&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[728,90],[970,250],[970,90],[970,66],[640,360],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;rec&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;rec&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[336,280],[300,600],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;mobile&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mobile&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,50],[320,50],[1,1]]},&q;mobilerec&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mobilerec&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,50],[320,180],[320,50],[1,1]]},&q;recx&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;recx&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[336,280],[300,600],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;incremental&q;:true},&q;loge&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;loge&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[336,280],[300,600],[300,250],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;mobilex&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mobilex&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,50],[320,180],[320,50],[1,1]],&q;incremental&q;:true},&q;mob-stream&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mob-stream&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,50],[320,180],[320,50],[1,1]]},&q;mob-stream2&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mob-stream2&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[300,50],[320,180],[320,50],[1,1]]},&q;mobiletext&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mobiletext&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,250],[336,280],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;ntv-article&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;ntv-article&q;,&q;div_id&q;:&q;brandvoice_inline&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;params&q;:{&q;strnativekey&q;:&q;3e7e0323&q;}},&q;ntv-belt&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;ntv-belt&q;,&q;params&q;:{&q;strnativekey&q;:&q;12653cf9&q;},&q;sizes&q;:[[2,3],[1,1]]},&q;ntv-rail&q;:{&q;sizes&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;breaks&q;:{&q;xxlarge&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;xlarge&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;large&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;medium&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;small&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;slot_id&q;:&q;ntv-rail&q;,&q;params&q;:{&q;strnativekey&q;:&q;4kSaBGZvyd5bZ4yDRLQWW9u8&q;}},&q;ntv-rail-2&q;:{&q;sizes&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;breaks&q;:{&q;xxlarge&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;xlarge&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;large&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;medium&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;],&q;small&q;:[[2,3],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;slot_id&q;:&q;ntv-rail-2&q;,&q;params&q;:{&q;strnativekey&q;:&q;t5toAgo73taamHDf2P739tD4&q;}},&q;spon-logo&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;spon-logo&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[120,40],[300,170],[300,100],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;mob-logo&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;mob-logo&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[300,50],[300,75],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;inread&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;inread&q;,&q;progressive&q;:true,&q;sizes&q;:[[600,575],[528,297],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;topx&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;topx&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[728,90],[970,250],[970,90],[970,66],[640,360],[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]},&q;artbottom&q;:{&q;slot_id&q;:&q;artbottom&q;,&q;sizes&q;:[[1,1],&q;fluid&q;]}},&q;params&q;:{&q;author&q;:&q;ericmack&q;,&q;bbgterm&q;:false,&q;channel&q;:[&q;tech&q;],&q;displaychannel&q;:&q;technology&q;,&q;displaysection&q;:&q;Science&q;,&q;fl&q;:null,&q;fvid&q;:&q;&q;,&q;ht&q;:&q;WhoaScience&q;,&q;id&q;:&q;blogAndPostId/blog/post/2844-3724&q;,&q;img&q;:null,&q;login&q;:false,&q;section&q;:[&q;tech:science&q;],&q;specialslot&q;:&q;&q;,&q;templatetype&q;:&q;standard&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;contributor&q;}},&q;hasLoginCookies&q;:false,&q;REQUEST_HEADERS&q;:{&q;user-agent&q;:&q;python-requests/2.10.0&q;}}</script></body></html>