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            <p align="left"><font face="Tempus Sans ITC" size="5" color="#000066"><b><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3" color="#000066"><b>
             
              </b></font></b></font><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="/phprint.php">Print this page</a></font></font></p> <!-- startprint -->
            <p><font face="Tempus Sans ITC" size="5" color="#000066"><b><font size="3" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Education 
              Rights <a name="top"></a>of  Children Displaced by Hurricane Harvey<br>
              <font size="2">by Michael A. O'Connor, Esq.</font></font></b></font></p>
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          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">This fact sheet was originally prepared in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The recent devastation from Hurricane Harvey has triggered this updated version.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">For children 
            who have been traumatized by the loss of home, friends, and perhaps 
            death or injury of family members, returning to school is not only 
            important for educational purposes, attendance at a school becomes 
            an oasis of normalcy for them. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">As families 
            leave devastated areas, some will disperse to homes of friends 
            and relatives across the country. Others may become unsheltered, or be placed in temporary housing at hotels, motels, or military 
          bases by FEMA. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Although 
            media reports have suggested that schools across the country are welcoming 
            displaced children, some parents may encounter problems when enrolling in districts that are unfamiliar with federal and state protections for homeless student identification, enrollment, and attendance.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> The lack of identity 
            papers, immunization documents, school records,  lack of proof 
            of prior residency, and lack of parent or guardian signature for an unaccompanied youth may lead some school districts 
            unfamiliar with the rights of homeless students to resist or refuse admitting children eligible for immediate enrollment under the McKinney-Vento Act. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The lack 
            of an IEP or 504 Plan for children may also cause some delays in admission 
            or provision of appropriate services. This memo briefly summarizes 
            basic education rights of all &#147;homeless&#148; children, and also 
            reviews rights of children with disabilities. Websites at the bottom 
            of the memo offer more detailed information.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">McKinney-Vento 
            Homeless Assistance Act</font></b></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="https://nche.ed.gov/legis/mv.php">The 
            McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act as reauthorized by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)</a> creates, for eligible children and youth:</font></p>
          <ul>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Right to <em>immediate</em> enrollment even when records are not present</font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Right to remain in the school  of origin, based on a child-centered, best interest determination</font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Right to receive transportation to and from the school of origin<br>
            </font></li>
          </ul>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The <b>definition of &quot;homeless&quot;</b> includes not only unsheltered situations such as living in a tent or car, but also includes families that 
            lack a regular abode (e.g. in a refugee type settlement, or placed 
            in a motel/hotel by FEMA or other agency) or who are temporarily doubled 
            up with another family.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Children who have been in pre-school or Head Start programs run by a public school district are also now included in McKinney requirements for identification and services. (42 U.S.C. Section 11434A(2)(A) </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">A homeless 
            child must be <em>immediately</em> enrolled, provided full access to classes, 
            be afforded school of origin or comparable service transportation as needed and cannot be discriminated against, 
            or placed in a segregated school, based on their homeless designation. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Charter schools are also required to waive most admission requirements such as application and enrollment deadlines. Skills-related entrance requirements need not be waived, e.g., a fine arts school may decline to waive artistic abilities).</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Some 
            displaced families may end up in locations not far from their original residence, but outside the boundary 
            of their home school. The McKinney Act expressly provides such children 
            the option to attend their  school of origin (if it is still operating) unless attendance there is not in the best interests of the child or is against the parent/guardian's wishes. Transportation to and from the school or origin must be provided if needed.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">For homeless children who enroll in a school other than their school or origin, transportation should be provided to the same extent as provided to regular students or consistent with the student's IEP if he/she has one. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">State 
            education agencies (SEA) are responsible to ensure compliance 
            by local school districts, also referred to as Local Education Agencies (LEA). Each state has designated a coordinator 
            for education of homeless children and youth. The state coordinators for homeless education should be helpful in correcting any barriers or other problems 
            that arise in local school districts.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Note: The state coordinator has an affirmative responsibility to assure immediate enrollment pending formal resolution of a dispute over eligibility. Each LEA must also designate a homeless liaison who is responsible for ensuring compliance in all schools operated by the district. Immediate enrollment is required even if the local school disputes eligibility, enrollment, or school selection. The McKinney-Vento law defines enrolled as attending and fully participating. Students must be allowed to remain enrolled pending the completion of a dispute resolution process. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">Problem 
            Solving Strategies for Parents and Advocates</font></b> </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Generally, 
            the process of problem solving or advocacy should start with the principal 
            or case manager in a local school. The district's homeless liaison should be included in any disagreements with identification, enrollment, or school selection. The McKinney-Vento law gives homeless liaisons the authority to make identification determinations. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The district's determination must be given to the parent or unaccompanied youth in writing. Should the parent or unaccompanied youth disagree with the campus or district's decision, they have a right to dispute the determination and appeal the decision all the way up to the SEA Homeless Coordinator. District homeless liaisons have the responsibility to assist families and students with understanding and writing appeals throughout this process. Homeless liaisons are required to be advocates for the family and student during the appeal process.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">If a local school questions eligibility, school choice, or enrollment, the student must nevertheless be enrolled <em>immediately</em>, and attend, pending completion of dispute resolution procedures.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Each state education agency has developed appeal procedures - those for Texas are listed below. The procedure begins with an initial review by the school district administration. A dissatisfied parent may appeal to the state education agency. The student must remain enrolled while that review is pending. Links below describe the Texas appeal process. Homeless Coordinators in other state agencies and their respective websites should be reviewed for information in states other than Texas.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">There is no formal appeal process beyond the state education agency determination; however, Federal courts have ruled McKinney0Vento provisions to be enforceable under 42 U.S.C. Section 1983, and advocates have successfully enforced McKinney-Vento Act provisions in State courts.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">Children 
            with Disabilities Who Are Homeless</font></b></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Children 
            with disabilities who are homeless were expressly recognized in the 
            reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in P.L. 108-446. IDEA  incorporates the 
            McKinney-Vento definition of homeless children. 20 U.S.C. Section 1402(11); 34 C.F.R. Section 300.19. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#000066"><b>Child 
            Find and Surrogate Parents</b></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Child Find obligations imposed on school districts by IDEA to identify, 
            evaluate, and provide services to all children with disabilities, no 
            matter how severe, has been expressly extended to homeless children. (20 U.S.C. Section 1412(a)(3)(A); 34 C.F.R. Section 300.111).</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">IDEA  also requires that &#147;unaccompanied youth,&#148; (that 
            is a child not accompanied by a parent or legal guardian) 
            should have a surrogate parent appointed. (34 C.F.R. Section 300.519(a)(4)). (TEA defines an unaccompanied youth as any child who is not yet 21 on the first of September of the current school year and not in the physical custody of a parent or legal guardian. If the child lives in a McKinney-Vento defined situation they are considered homeless as well.)</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">Homeless 
            Children Who Have No IEP</font></b> </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">There 
            will most likely be unique challenges arising for children with disabilities 
            who seek to enroll in a school, but lack an Individualized Education 
            Plan (IEP) or any documentation of the nature of their disability.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The enrolling school should immediately request records from the prior school. If records are not available, they should speak with a teacher and/or case manager at the prior school to obtain information about a child's service needs. Some states, such as <a href="https://www.louisianabelieves.com/docs/default-source/disaster-relief/2017-disaster-recovery-guidance.pdf?sfvrsn=6">Louisiana</a>, provide for an &quot;interim IEP&quot; pending further evaluation when limited information is not available. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Moreover, 
            many children, including those not previously eligible for special 
            education services, will have such emotional scars from their experience 
            that they will be in need of social work and/or psychological services, 
            which the school should promptly identify and provide as needed. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The burdens 
            and costs of conducting adequate evaluations of children will be a 
            strain for many school districts, possibly causing many children to be at risk of not receiving prompt evaluations and specialized services.</font>          </p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">Unique 
            Challenges of Displaced Children</font></b> </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Some 
            urban areas, especially those within 400 miles of Houston, will 
            experience a large influx of displaced children, and will likely present 
            unique challenges. Some children will be parceled out among relatives and family friends; a caretaker who is not the parent or legal guardian should not be barred from enrollment of a homeless child or youth. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">If systemic 
            problems are encountered, parents and local advocacy organizations should seek assistance from national groups list below.</font>          </p>
          <p><b><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3" color="#990000">More 
            Information</font><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2" color="#000066"></font><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">
            </font></b></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="https://nche.ed.gov/legis/mv.php">National 
            Center for Homeless Education</a> (funded by <a href="https://www.ed.gov/">U.S. Department of Education</a>) 
            - operates the Department's technical assistance center for the federal <a href="https://nche.ed.gov/downloads/ehcy_profile.pdf">Education for Homeless Children and Youth (EHCY) Program</a>. In this role, NCHE works with schools, service providers, parents, and other interested stakeholders to ensure that children and youth experiencing homelessness can enroll and succeed in school.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a 
      href="http://naehcy.org/sites/default/files/dl/legis/2016-09-26_FAQ_FINAL.pdf">National Association for Education of Homeless 
            Children &amp; Youth</a> - a national  membership association, 
            serves as the voice and the social conscience for the education of 
            children and youth in homeless situations; connects educators, parents, 
            advocates, researchers, and service providers to ensure school enrollment 
            and attendance for children and youth whose lives have been disrupted 
            by the lack of safe, permanent,t and adequate housing.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Texas Education Agency (TEA) is the state education agency for Texas and has ultimate responsibility for enforcing the McKinney-Vento Act requirements. In addition, the Texas Homeless Education Office (THEO), located at University of Texas Austin is contracted by TEA to provide training and technical support, including an 800 line for inquiries from school personnel, community stakeholders, parents/caretakers and students. </font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">The following are more URL's for more information, including lists of local school district homeless liaisons and dispute resolution procedures. In case of any difficulty in obtaining immediate enrollment, school selection or appropriate services, contact the LEA homeless liaison. If the issue is not resolved by the district's homeless liaison, contact the Texas Homeless Education Office.</font></p>
          <ul>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://tea.texas.gov/Texas_Schools/Support_for_At-Risk_Schools_and_Students/Education_of_Homeless_Students/">Summary of McKinney requirements</a></font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://tea.texas.gov/About_TEA/Other_Services/Weather_and_Disaster/Dealing_with_Disasters__Frequently_Asked_Questions/#homeless">FAQ re dealing with disasters</a></font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.theotx.org/">Texas Homeless Education Office</a></font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.theotx.org/liaison-directory/">Directory of Homeless liaison staff at respective Texas school districts</a></font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://tea.texas.gov/MV_Dispute_Process/">Dispute resolution procedures for Texas Education Agency</a></font></li>
            <li><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.theotx.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Dispute-Resolution-TASB-FDCE-RRM-Aug2016.pdf">Forms and procedures for initial appeal</a></font></li>
          </ul>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Although this fact sheet focuses on Texas, every state education agency has set up similar contacts and procedures. You can obtain information on other states from the <a href="http://nche.ed.gov/states/state_resources.php#map">National directory of state coordinators of homeless education</a>. <b>
            <O:P><br>
              <br>
            </O:P>
            <font color="#000066">Additional Resources</font></b></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.copaa.org/">Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates (COPAA)</a> - An organization 
            of attorneys, advocates and parents whose primary mission is to secure 
            high quality educational services for children with disabilities.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty has posted a 250+ page <a href="https://www.nlchp.org/documents/NoBarriers">manual on<br>
            enforcement of the McKinney Act</a> &ndash; The Law Center also offers a second manual focused on enforcement after <a href="http://www.theotx.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Homeless_Education_Advocacy_Manual_Disaster_Edition.pdf">natural disasters</a>.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.parentcenterhub.org/">The Federally Funded Parent Training and Information Centers (PTIs)</a> are located in each<br>
            state to provide training and information to parents of infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities and to professionals who work with children</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="http://www.wrightslaw.com/">Wrightslaw</a> maintains an extensive website on special education advocacy, with pages<br>
            devoted to issues on educating <a href="http://www.wrightslaw.com/info/homeless.index.htm">homeless children</a>.<b><font color="#000066"><br>
            </font></b></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><font color="#000066">Michael 
            O'Connor </font></b></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Mike 
            O'Connor is an attorney who represents families in special education disputes.</font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Michael 
            A. O'Connor, Esq. <br>
            <a href="http://www.maukoconnor.com/">Mauk &amp; O'Connor, LLP</a><br>
            1427 W. Howard Street<br>
            Chicago, IL 60626-1426 <br>
            Phone: 773 262 2199 <br>
            Email: <a href="mailto:mikeoc@earthlink.net">mikeoc@earthlink.net</a></font></p>
          <p><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Created: 09/08/05<br>
            Revised: 09/01/17</font></p>
          <p>&nbsp;</p>
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