<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!--> <html lang="en" class="no-js section-politics format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-comments has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"  itemscope xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9 lt-ie10 section-politics format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-comments has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8 lt-ie10 lt-ie9 section-politics format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-comments has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (lt IE 8)]> <html lang="en" class="no-js lt-ie10 lt-ie9 lt-ie8 section-politics format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-comments has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<head>
    <title>Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration - The New York Times</title>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static01.nyt.com/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-ipad-144x144.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-iphone-114x144.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-default-homescreen-57x57.png" />
<meta name="sourceApp" content="nyt-v5" />
<meta id="applicationName" name="applicationName" content="article" />
<meta id="foundation-build-id" name="foundation-build-id" content="" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<link rel="alternate" media="handheld" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<meta property="al:android:url" content="nytimes://reader/id/100000005388097" />
<meta property="al:android:package" content="com.nytimes.android" />
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nytimes.android" />
<meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nytimes://reader/id/100000005388097" />
<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.nytimes.android/nytimes/reader/id/100000005388097" />
<meta property="al:iphone:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<meta property="al:iphone:app_store_id" content="284862083" />
<meta property="al:iphone:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta property="al:ipad:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<meta property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="357066198" />
<meta property="al:ipad:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="robots" content="noarchive" />
<meta itemprop="alternativeHeadline" name="hdl_p" content="Trump Pardons  Ex-Sheriff Seen As Migrant Foe" />
<meta name="channels" content="" />
<meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt." />
<meta name="genre" itemprop="genre" content="News" />
<meta itemprop="identifier" name="articleid" content="100000005388097" />
<meta itemprop="usageTerms" name="usageTerms" content="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/sale/terms-of-sale.html" />
<meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-US" />
<meta name="hdl" content="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration" />
<meta name="col" content="" id="column-name" />
<meta name="pdate" content="20170825" />
<meta name="utime" content="20171024035056" />
<meta name="ptime" content="20170825201005" />
<meta name="DISPLAYDATE" content="Aug. 25, 2017" />
<meta name="dat" content="Aug. 25, 2017" />
<meta name="lp" content="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt." />
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://www.nytimes.com" />
<meta name="cre" content="The New York Times" />
<meta name="slug" content="26dc-arpaio" />
<meta property="article:collection" content="https://static01.nyt.com/services/json/sectionfronts/politics/index.jsonp" />
<meta name="sectionfront_jsonp" content="https://static01.nyt.com/services/json/sectionfronts/politics/index.jsonp" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt." />
<meta property="article:published" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-25T20:10:05-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified" itemprop="dateModified" content="2017-10-24T03:50:56-04:00" />
<meta property="article:section" itemprop="articleSection" content="Politics" />
<meta property="article:section-taxonomy-id" itemprop="articleSection" content="23FD6C8B-62D5-4CEA-A331-6C2A9A1223BE" />
<meta property="article:section_url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us" />
<meta property="article:top-level-section" content="us" />
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="9869919170" />
<meta name="twitter:site" value="@nytimes" />
<meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" />
<meta property="twitter:title" content="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration" />
<meta property="twitter:description" content="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt." />
<meta name="author" content="Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Maggie Haberman" />
<meta name="tone" content="news" id="article-tone" />
<meta name="byl" content="By JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS and MAGGIE HABERMAN" />
<meta name="PT" content="article" />
<meta name="CG" content="us" />
<meta name="SCG" content="politics" />
<meta name="PST" content="News" />
<meta name="tom" content="News" />
<meta name="edt" content="NewYork" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-facebookJumbo.jpg" />
<meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Joe Arpaio served for 24 years as sheriff of Maricopa County, Ariz., building a national reputation for harsh conditions in his county jail, and for his campaign against undocumented immigrants." />
<meta property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:card" value="summary_large_image" />
<meta property="article:author" content="https://www.nytimes.com/by/julie-hirschfeld-davis" />
<meta property="article:author" content="https://www.nytimes.com/by/maggie-haberman" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="United States Politics and Government" />
<meta name="des" content="United States Politics and Government" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Arpaio, Joseph M" />
<meta name="per" content="Arpaio, Joseph M" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Amnesties, Commutations and Pardons" />
<meta name="des" content="Amnesties, Commutations and Pardons" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Immigration Detention" />
<meta name="des" content="Immigration Detention" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Illegal Immigration" />
<meta name="des" content="Illegal Immigration" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Trump, Donald J" />
<meta name="per" content="Trump, Donald J" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Maricopa County (Ariz)" />
<meta name="geo" content="Maricopa County (Ariz)" />
<meta name="keywords" content="United States Politics and Government,Arpaio  Joseph M,Amnesties  Commutations and Pardons,Immigration Detention,Illegal Immigration,Trump  Donald J,Maricopa County (Ariz)" />
<meta name="news_keywords" content="US Politics,Joseph M Arpaio,Amnesties Commutations and Pardons,Immigration detention,Illegal Immigration,Donald Trump,Maricopa County AZ" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-thumbLarge.jpg" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150_height" content="150" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150_width" content="150" />
<meta itemprop="thumbnailUrl" name="thumbnail" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-thumbStandard.jpg" />
<meta name="thumbnail_height" content="75" />
<meta name="thumbnail_width" content="75" />
<meta name="dfp-ad-unit-path" content="us/politics" />
<meta name="dfp-amazon-enabled" content="false" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/json/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F25%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjoe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" title="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="5281959998" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1002391179791389" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="105307012882667" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="123334484346296" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="142271415829971" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1453472561556218" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="153491058028703" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1545690368981813" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1606969219532748" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="173455642668373" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="176999952314969" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="181548405298864" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="340711315527" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="5518834980" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="689907071131476" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="751965821517958" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="8254939527" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="98934992430" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="993603507345855" />
    
            <link id="legacy-zam5nzz" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://typeface.nyt.com/css/zam5nzz.css" media="all" />
    <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!-->
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/css/article/story/styles.css" />
    <!--<![endif]-->
    <!--[if lte IE 9]>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/css/article/story/styles-ie.css" />
    <![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/css/article/story/styles-print.css" />
                <!--  begin abra  -->
<script>
var NYTD=NYTD||{};NYTD.Abra=function(t){"use strict";function n(t){var n=i[t];return n&&n[1]||null}function e(t,n){if(t){var e,o,r=n[0],i=n[1],u=0,c=0;if(1!==i.length||4294967296!==i[0])for(e=a(t+" "+r)>>>0,u=0,c=0;o=i[u++];)if(e<(c+=o[0]))return o}}function o(n,e,o,a){s+="subject="+n+"&test="+encodeURIComponent(e)+"&variant="+encodeURIComponent(o||0)+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(t.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n",a&&f.push(a),c||(c=t.setTimeout(r,0))}function r(){var n=new t.XMLHttpRequest,e=f;n.withCredentials=!0,n.open("POST",u),n.onreadystatechange=function(){var t,o;if(4==n.readyState)for(t=200==n.status?null:new Error(n.statusText);o=e.shift();)o(t)},n.send(s),s="",f=[],c=null}function a(t){for(var n,e,o,r,a,i,u,c=0,s=0,f=[],l=[n=1732584193,e=4023233417,~n,~e,3285377520],h=[],p=t.length;s<=p;)h[s>>2]|=(s<p?t.charCodeAt(s):128)<<8*(3-s++%4);for(h[u=p+8>>2|15]=p<<3;c<=u;c+=16){for(n=l,s=0;s<80;n=[0|[(i=((t=n[0])<<5|t>>>27)+n[4]+(f[s]=s<16?~~h[c+s]:i<<1|i>>>31)+1518500249)+((e=n[1])&(o=n[2])|~e&(r=n[3])),a=i+(e^o^r)+341275144,i+(e&o|e&r|o&r)+882459459,a+1535694389][0|s++/20],t,e<<30|e>>>2,o,r])i=f[s-3]^f[s-8]^f[s-14]^f[s-16];for(s=5;s;)l[--s]=l[s]+n[s]|0}return l[0]}var i,u,c,s="",f=[];return n.init=function(n,r){var a,c,s,f,l,h=[],p=(t.document.cookie.match(/(^|;) *nyt-a=([^;]*)/)||[])[2],d=(t.document.cookie.match(/(^|;) *ab7=([^;]*)/)||[])[2],m=new RegExp("[?&]abra(=([^&#]*))"),g=m.exec(t.location.search);if(g&&g[2]&&(d=d?g[2]+"&"+d:g[2]),i)throw new Error("can't init twice");if(u=r,i={},d)for(d=decodeURIComponent(d).split("&"),a=0;a<d.length;a++)l=d[a].split("="),l[0]in i||(i[l[0]]=[,l[1],1],o("ab-alloc",l[0],l[1]),l[1]&&h.push(l[0]+"="+l[1]));for(a=0;a<n.length;a++)s=n[a],(c=s[0])in i||(f=e(p,s)||[],i[c]=f,f[1]&&h.push(c.replace(/[^\w-]/g)+"="+(""+f[1]).replace(/[^\w-]/g)),f[2]&&o("ab-alloc",c,f[1]));h.length&&t.document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-nyt-ab",h.join(" "))},n.reportExposure=function(n,e){var r=i[n];r&&r[2]?o("ab-expose",n,r[1],e):e&&t.setTimeout(function(){e(null)},0)},n}(this);
</script>
<script>NYTD.Abra.init([["www-story-reader-satisfaction",[[21474837,"Control",1],[21474836,"VariantA",1],[4252017623,null,0]]],["www-signup-favor-test",[[2147483648,"0",1],[2147483648,"1",1]]],["www-fixed-nav-subscribe-test",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-ad-diagnostic",[[21474837,"1",0],[4273492459,null,0]]],["www-fabrik-off",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-auto-newsletter",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-STORY_3bundlePayflow-v3",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-STRIK-nl-regi",[[1434519077,"control",1],[1430224110,"1",1],[1430224109,"2",1],[0,null,0]]],["www-indexAsHeaderBidder",[[4294967296,"2",1]]],["abra_dfp",[[3865470567,"control",0],[429496729,"test",0]]],["EC_SampleTest",[[2147483648,"variantA",0],[2147483648,"variantB",0]]]], '//et.nytimes.com/')</script>
<!--  end abra  -->

<script>
/* ABRA reporting for Vi rollout. Please don't hand-edit this minified snippet. <https://github.com/nytm/vi-rollout-abra-reporting-js> (67c2140 @ Mon Dec 11 17:51:59 EST 2017) */ function reportViRolloutToABRA(t,e,o){"use strict";var i,a,n,r,s="";if(e&&(/^mobile\./.test(window.location.hostname)?(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vi=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],a=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *nyt\.np\.vi=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],n=/^b1/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=vi":/^z1/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=0":/^a2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=hp-st":/^b2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=hp":/^c2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=st":/^z2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=0":/^1\|/.test(a)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=vi":/^2\|/.test(a)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=0":null):/^www\./.test(window.location.hostname)&&(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vi_www_hp=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],n=/^a2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-st":/^b2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp":/^c2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=st":/^d2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-2":/^y2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=0-2":/^z2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=0":null),n&&(s+="subject=ab-alloc&test="+n+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n")),o&&(/^mobile\./.test(window.location.hostname)?(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vistorymobile=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],r=/^a/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=st":/^b/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=sth":/^c/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=mw":/^z/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=mwh":null):/^www\./.test(window.location.hostname)&&(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vistory=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],r=/^a/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=sd":/^b/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=sdh":/^c/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=nyt5":/^z/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=nyt5h":null),r&&(s+="subject=ab-alloc&test="+r+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n")),s){var c=new XMLHttpRequest;c.withCredentials=!0,c.open("POST",t),c.send(s)}}
</script>
<script>
  reportViRolloutToABRA(
    '//et.nytimes.com/',
    false,
    true  );
</script>
                <script id="page-config-data" type="text/json">
{"pageconfig":{"ledeMediaSize":"large","keywords":["article-medium","has-embedded-interactive"],"collections":{"sections":["us","politics"],"newsevents":["thetrumpwhitehouse"],"spotlights":["racerelated"],"syndicated":["apple"]}}}</script>
<script id="display_overrides">
            []    </script>

			    <script type="text/javascript">
        (function() {
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
            var mediaDotNet = 'https://contextual.media.net/bidexchange.js?cid=8CU2553YN&amp;https=1';
            var indexBid = 'https://js-sec.indexww.com/ht/p/183760-203795517182556.js';
            var timeout = 300;

            function loadScript(tagSrc) {
                if (tagSrc.substr(0, 4) !== 'http') {
                    var isSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;
                    tagSrc = (isSSL ? 'https:' : '') + tagSrc;
                }
                var scriptTag = document.createElement('script'),
                    placeTag = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
                scriptTag.type = 'text/javascript';
                scriptTag.async = true;
                scriptTag.src = tagSrc;
                s.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptTag, s);
            }

            function loadGPT() {
                if (!window.advBidxc.isAdServerLoaded) {
                    loadScript('//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js');
                    window.advBidxc.isAdServerLoaded = true;
                }
            }

            window.advBidxc = window.advBidxc || {};
            window.advBidxc.renderAd = function () {};
            window.advBidxc.startTime = new Date().getTime();
            window.advBidxc.customerId = "8CU2553YN"; //Media.net Customer ID
            window.advBidxc.timeout = 300;
            window.advBidxc.loadGPT = setTimeout(loadGPT, window.advBidxc.timeout);

            // append index
            var a = document.createElement("script");
            a.type = "text/javascript";
            a.async = true;
            a.src = indexBid;
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s);

            // append media.net
            var b = document.createElement("script");
            b.type = "text/javascript";
            b.async = true;
            b.src = mediaDotNet;
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);
        })();
    </script>

    <!-- Amazon Bidder version 2 Initialization Script -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
        //Load the ApsTag JavaScript Library
        !function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js");

        apstag.init({
            pubID: '3030',
            adServer: 'googletag'
        });
    </script>


	<script type="text/json" id="trending-link-json">
	</script>

<!--esi
<script id="user-info-data" type="application/json">
<esi:include src="/svc/web-products/userinfo-v3.json" />
</script>
-->
<script id="magnum-feature-flags" type="application/json">["limitFabrikSave","moreFollowSuggestions","unfollowComments","scoopTool","videoVHSCover","videoVHSShareTools","videoVHSLive","videoVHSNewControls","videoVHSEmbeddedOnly","allTheEmphases","freeTrial","dedupeWhatsNext","trendingPageLinks","sprinklePaidPost","headerBidder","standardizeWhatsNextCollection","onlyLayoutA","simple","simpleExtendedByline","collectionsWhatsNext","mobileMediaViewer","podcastInLede","MovieTickets","MoreInSubsectionFix","seriesIssueMarginalia","serverSideCollectionUrls","multipleBylines","fabrikWebsocketsOnly","translationLinks","papihttps","verticalFullBleed","updateRestaurantReservations","mapDining","newsletterInlineModule","PersonalizationApiUpdate","apsTagEnabled","removeInternationalEdition","headlineBalancer","clientSideABRA","newsletterTitleTracking","surveyInterstitial","removeFBMessengerPromo","removeMarginaliaAbTest","paidpostSprinklingFix","abraOverrideVersion","headlineBalancerEverywhere","signupFavor","lazyloadOakImages","mapleFreeTrial","adQuerySupportForMultipleUserAddedKeywords","removeSectionDependentAdLogicForJanuary","oakUpdateAdStride","autoPlaceNewsletter","piiBlockDFP","adExclusiveIERibbonCheck","FlexAdDoubleHeightTracking","didScroll","supportedByAdFullBleed","anchorsHttps","oakBylineMargin","TopFlexAdSiteWide","BundlePayFlow","loadArticleOptimizely","oakStyleTouchups","oakBasicHeader","serveOakOnVI","opinionHeadline","indexAsHeaderBidder","newsletterRegiTest","bookReviewBuyButton","caslOpt","sectionBasedAmp","abraInCustomParams","jkiddScript","blueKai","showNewDealbookLogo","commentsUserDataUpdateDisabled","tMagazineFontTest"]</script>
<script>
var require = {
    baseUrl: 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/',
    waitSeconds: 20,
    paths: {
        'foundation': 'article/20180212-210559/js/foundation',
        'shared': 'article/20180212-210559/js/shared',
        'article': 'article/20180212-210559/js/article',
        'application': 'article/20180212-210559/js/article/story',
        'videoFactory': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js2/build/video/2.0/videofactoryrequire',
        'videoPlaylist': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js2/build/video/players/extended/2.0/appRequire',
        'auth/mtr': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js/mtr',
        'auth/growl': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js/auth/growl/default',
        'vhs': 'https://static01.nyt.com/video/vhs/build/vhs-2.x.min',
        'vhs3': 'https://static01.nyt.com/video-static/vhs3/vhs.min'
    },
    map: {
        '*': {
            'story/main': 'article/story/main'
        }
    }
};
</script>
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!-->
<script data-main="foundation/main" src="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/js/foundation/lib/framework.js"></script>
<!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script>
    require.map['*']['foundation/main'] = 'foundation/legacy_main';
</script>
<script data-main="foundation/legacy_main" src="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/js/foundation/lib/framework.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
    <script>
    require(['foundation/main'], function () {
        require(['auth/mtr', 'auth/growl']);
    });
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    
    <style>
    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions {
        display: block !important;
        height: 50px;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .message-bed {
        background-color: #f8e9d2;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .message-container {
        padding: 11px 18px 11px 30px;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .action-link {
        font-family: "nyt-franklin", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-size: 10px;
        font-weight: bold;
        color: #a81817;
        text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .alert-icon {
        background: url('https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/icon-alert-12x12-a81817.png') no-repeat;
        width: 12px;
        height: 12px;
        display: inline-block;
        margin-top: -2px;
        float: none;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .masthead,
    .lt-ie10 .navigation,
    .lt-ie10 .comments-panel {
        margin-top: 50px !important;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .ribbon {
        margin-top: 97px !important;
    }
</style>
<div id="suggestions" class="suggestions messenger nocontent robots-nocontent" style="display:none;">
    <div class="message-bed">
        <div class="message-container last-message-container">
            <div class="message">
                <span class="message-content">
                    <i class="icon alert-icon"></i><span class="message-title">NYTimes.com no longer supports Internet Explorer 9 or earlier. Please upgrade your browser.</span>
                    <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/content/help/site/ie9-support.html" class="action-link">LEARN MORE »</a>
                </span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

    <div id="shell" class="shell">
    <header id="masthead" class="masthead masthead-theme-standard" role="banner">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="quick-navigation button-group">
            <button class="button sections-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Sections</span></button>
            <button class="button home-button" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/" title="Go to the home page to see the latest top stories."><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                <span class="button-text">Home</span>
            </button>
            <button class="button search-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Search</span></button>
            <a class="button skip-button skip-to-content visually-hidden focusable" href="#story-header">Skip to content</a>
                        <a class="button skip-button skip-to-navigation visually-hidden focusable" href="#site-index-navigation">Skip to navigation</a>
                                    <a class="button skip-button skip-to-mobile visually-hidden focusable" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html">View mobile version</a>
                    </div><!-- close button-group -->
        <div class="branding">
            <h2 class="branding-heading">
                <a id="branding-heading-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/">
                    <span class="visually-hidden">The New York Times</span>
                </a>
            </h2>
            <script>window.magnum.writeLogo('small', 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/images/foundation/logos/', 'us', 'masthead-theme-standard', 'standard', 'branding-heading-link', 'article');</script>
        </div><!-- close branding -->
                <div class="story-meta">
            <h6 class="kicker"><span class="kicker-label"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/politics/index.html">Politics</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span>Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration</h6>
        </div><!-- close story-meta -->
        <div class="user-tools">
            <div id="Bar1" class="ad bar1-ad nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
<div id="liftoff-nyt5-bar1" class="hidden"></div>
            <div id="sharetools-masthead" aria-label="tools" role="group" class="sharetools theme-classic  sharetools-masthead  "
data-shares="facebook,twitter,email,show-all,save"
data-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html"
data-title="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration"
data-author="By JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS and MAGGIE HABERMAN"
data-media="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-jumbo.jpg"
data-description="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt."
	data-publish-date="August 25, 2017"
>
<div class="ad sharetools-inline-article-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
</div>
</div><!-- close shareTools -->
            <button class="button search-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Search</span></button>
            <div class="user-tools-button-group button-group">
                <button class="button subscribe-button hidden" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp3004.html?campaignId=4XUYF">Subscribe Now</button>
                <button class="button login-button login-modal-trigger hidden">Log In</button>
                <button class="button comments-button  theme-speech-bubble-small" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</button>
                                <button class="button notifications-button hidden"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">0</span></button>
                <button class="button user-settings-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Settings</span></button>
            </div><!-- close user-tools-button-group -->
        </div><!-- close user-tools -->
    </div><!-- close container -->
    <div class="search-flyout-panel flyout-panel">
    <button class="button close-button" type="button"><i class="icon"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Close search</span></button>
    <nav class="search-form-control form-control layout-horizontal">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Search Navigation</h2>
    <form class="search-form" role="search">
        <div class="control">
            <div class="label-container visually-hidden">
                                <label for="search-input">Search NYTimes.com</label>
                            </div>
            <div class="field-container">
                                <input id="search-input" name="search-input" type="text" class="search-input text" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search NYTimes.com" />
                
                <button type="button" class="button clear-button" tabindex="-1" aria-describedby="clear-search-input"><i class="icon"></i><span id="clear-search-input" class="visually-hidden">Clear this text input</span></button>
                <div class="auto-suggest" style="display: none;">
                    <ol></ol>
                </div>
                <button class="button submit-button" type="submit">Go</button>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
    </form>
</nav>


</div><!-- close flyout-panel -->
    <div id="notification-modals" class="notification-modals"></div>
<span class="story-short-url"><a href="https://nyti.ms/2vwEQx7">https://nyti.ms/2vwEQx7</a></span></header>
            <nav id="ribbon" class="ribbon ribbon-start nocontent robots-nocontent" aria-hidden="true">
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
        <ol class="ribbon-menu">
            <li class="collection ribbon-loader">
                <div class="loader loader-t-logo-32x32-ecedeb-ffffff"><span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span></div>
            </li>
        </ol>
        <div class="ribbon-navigation-container">
            <nav class="ribbon-navigation next">
                <span class="visually-hidden">See next articles</span>
                <div class="arrow arrow-right">
                    <div class="arrow-conceal"></div>
                </div>
            </nav>
            <nav class="ribbon-navigation previous">
                <span class="visually-hidden">See previous articles</span>
                <div class="arrow arrow-left">
                    <div class="arrow-conceal"></div>
                </div>
            </nav>
        </div>
    </div><!-- close nocontent -->
</nav>

<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
    var ribbon;
    if (window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('adAggro') !== -1 &&
        (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== 'control' &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== null &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== 'null' &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== '')) {
        ribbon = document.querySelector('#ribbon');
        if (ribbon && ribbon.parentNode) {
            ribbon.parentNode.removeChild(ribbon);
        }
    }
})();
</script>
        <nav id="navigation" class="navigation">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Navigation</h2>
</nav><!-- close navigation -->

<nav id="mobile-navigation" class="mobile-navigation hidden">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Mobile Navigation</h2>
</nav><!-- close mobile-navigation -->

    <div id="navigation-edge" class="navigation-edge"></div>
    <div id="page" class="page">
        <div id="TopAd" class="ad top-ad nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
</div>

        <main id="main" class="main" role="main">
        <article id="story" class="story theme-main   ">

    <div id='TragedyAd' class='ad tragedy-ad nocontent robots-nocontent'></div>

                        
    <header id="story-header" class="story-header">
                                <div id="story-meta" class="story-meta ">
                            <div class="supported-by hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
                    <span class="ad-label">Supported by</span>
                    <div id="supported-by-ad" class="supported-by-ad ad"></div>
                </div>
                                        <h3 id="kicker" class="kicker" role="kicker">
                                                                                            <span class="kicker-label"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/politics/index.html">Politics</a></span>
                                                                                                                                                                    </h3>
                        			<h1 itemprop="headline" id="headline" class="headline">Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration</h1>
	                                                <div id="story-meta-footer" class="story-meta-footer">
                                                                                                    

<p class="byline-dateline"><span class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"  itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/by/julie-hirschfeld-davis">By <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/julie-hirschfeld-davis" title="More Articles by JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS"><span class="byline-author" data-byline-name="JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS" itemprop="name">JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS</span></a> and </span><span class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"  itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/by/maggie-haberman"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/maggie-haberman" title="More Articles by MAGGIE HABERMAN"><span class="byline-author" data-byline-name="MAGGIE HABERMAN" itemprop="name" data-twitter-handle="maggieNYT">MAGGIE HABERMAN</span></a></span><time class="dateline" datetime="2017-10-24T03:50:56-04:00" itemprop="dateModified" content="2017-10-24T03:50:56-04:00">AUG. 25, 2017</time>
</p>

                                    <div class="story-meta-footer-sharetools">
                        <div id="sharetools-story-meta-footer" aria-label="tools" role="group" class="sharetools theme-classic  sharetools-story-meta-footer  "
data-shares="facebook,twitter,email,show-all,save"
data-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html"
data-title="Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration"
data-author="By JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS and MAGGIE HABERMAN"
data-media="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-jumbo.jpg"
data-description="Mr. Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff who built a national reputation for his efforts to hunt and detain undocumented immigrants, had been convicted of criminal contempt."
	data-publish-date="August 25, 2017"
>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
<span class="sharetools-label visually-hidden">Share This Page</span>
<div class="ad sharetools-inline-article-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
</div><!-- close shareTools -->
                                                    <button class="button comments-button  theme-speech-bubble" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</button>
                                            </div>
                            </div><!-- close story-meta-footer -->
        </div><!-- close story-meta -->
    </header>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        if (
            window.magnum
            && window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('headlineBalancer') > 0
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer.initialize
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer.shouldRun()
        ) {
            window.magnum.headlineBalancer.initialize();
        }
    </script>

        
    <div class="story-body-supplemental">
    <div class="story-body story-body-1">
        <figure id="media-100000005388122" class="media photo lede layout-large-horizontal" data-media-action="modal" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-master768.jpg" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" aria-label="media" role="group">
    <span class="visually-hidden">Photo</span>
    <div class="image">
            <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-master768.jpg" alt="" class="media-viewer-candidate" data-mediaviewer-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-superJumbo.jpg" data-mediaviewer-caption="Joe Arpaio served for 24 years as sheriff of Maricopa County, Ariz., building a national reputation for harsh conditions in his county jail, and for his campaign against undocumented immigrants." data-mediaviewer-credit="Courtney Pedroza for The New York Times"  itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/26/us/00dc-arpaio-hfo/00dc-arpaio-hfo-master768.jpg"/>
            <meta itemprop="height" content="512" />
            <meta itemprop="width" content="768" />
    </div>
        <figcaption class="caption" itemprop="caption description">
                <span class="caption-text">Joe Arpaio served for 24 years as sheriff of Maricopa County, Ariz., building a national reputation for harsh conditions in his county jail, and for his campaign against undocumented immigrants.</span>
                        <span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder">
            <span class="visually-hidden">Credit</span>
            Courtney Pedroza for The New York Times        </span>
            </figcaption>
    </figure>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
        var figure, fragment, storyHeader;
        var html, header, headline, storyMeta, mediaActionOverlay, supportedBy;
        var story = document.getElementById('story');
        var adAggro = window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('adAggro') !== -1 &&
            (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-10' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-8' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-6' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-4');
        var adAggro2 = window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('story1427AdAggro') !== -1 &&
            (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-10' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-8' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-6' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-4');

        if ((adAggro || adAggro2) &&
            document.documentElement.className.indexOf('article-has-layout-large-horizontal') === -1
        ) {
                // only run this test if it's large or jumbo horizontal lede media
                figure = document.querySelectorAll('.lede.photo')[0];
                if (figure.className.indexOf('layout-large-horizontal') === -1 && figure.className.indexOf('layout-jumbo-horizontal') === -1) {
                    require(['foundation/main'], function (main) {
                        require(['foundation/tracking/tracking-mixin'], function (tracking) {
                            tracking.trackingTriggerRaw(
                                'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                {
                                    'module': 'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                    'region': 'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test'
                                },
                                'interaction'
                            );
                        });
                    });

                    return;
                }
                document.documentElement.className += ' article-has-layout-large-horizontal';

                // delete supported by
                supportedBy = document.querySelectorAll('.supported-by')[0];
                if (supportedBy) {
                        supportedBy.parentNode.removeChild(supportedBy);
                }

                fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); // this will be the top ad
                fragment.appendChild(document.getElementById('TopAd'));

                storyHeader = document.getElementById('story-header');
                if (storyHeader.nextSibling) {
                  storyHeader.parentNode.insertBefore(fragment, storyHeader.nextSibling);
                }
                else {
                  storyHeader.parentNode.appendChild(fragment);
                }

                document.getElementById('TopAd').style.display = 'block';
                document.getElementById('TopAd').style.marginBottom = '45px';
        } // end ad if


        if ((adAggro || adAggro2) &&
            document.documentElement.className.indexOf('article-has-layout-large-horizontal') !== -1
        ) {

                html = document.documentElement;
                header = document.getElementById('story-header');
                figure = document.querySelectorAll('.lede.photo')[0];
                headline = document.getElementById('headline');
                storyMeta = document.getElementById('story-meta');

                mediaActionOverlay = figure.getElementsByClassName("media-action-overlay")[0];

                html.className += ' has-cover-media';

                story.className += " has-headline-image-topper bleed-align-left";

                header.appendChild(figure);

            if (window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('story1427AdAggroTracking') !== -1) {
                require(['foundation/main'], function (main) {
                    require(['foundation/tracking/tracking-mixin'], function (tracking) {
                        tracking.trackingTriggerRaw(
                            'running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                            {
                                'module': 'running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                'region': 'running-pro-topper-ad-test'
                            },
                            'interaction'
                        );
                    });
                });
            }

        }
})();
</script>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="275" data-total-count="275">WASHINGTON — President Trump on Friday pardoned Joe Arpaio, the former Arizona sheriff whose aggressive efforts to hunt down and detain undocumented immigrants made him a national symbol of the divisive politics of immigration and earned him a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/us/sheriff-joe-arpaio-convicted-arizona.html">criminal contempt conviction</a>.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="185" data-total-count="460">In a two-paragraph statement, the White House said that Mr. Arpaio gave “years of admirable service to our nation” and called him a “worthy candidate for a presidential pardon.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="126" data-total-count="586">Mr. Trump called Mr. Arpaio “an American patriot” in a tweet later Friday. “He kept Arizona safe!” the president said.</p><figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            I am pleased to inform you that I have just granted a full Pardon to 85 year old American patriot Sheriff Joe Arpaio. He kept Arizona safe!        </p> —
        Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/901263061511794688">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="257" data-total-count="843">In his own tweets, Mr. Arpaio thanked Mr. Trump and called his conviction “a political witch hunt by holdovers in the Obama justice department.” He also pointed his supporters to a website that was accepting donations to help him pay off his legal fees.</p><figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            Thank you <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">@realdonaldtrump</a> for seeing my conviction for what it is: a political witch hunt by holdovers in the Obama justice department!        </p> —
        Joe Arpaio (@RealSheriffJoe)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/RealSheriffJoe/status/901249811743035393">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            I also thank my loyal supporters, who stood shoulder to shoulder w/ me in this fight, and throughout my career. For those who are asking . .        </p> —
        Joe Arpaio (@RealSheriffJoe)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/RealSheriffJoe/status/901250131239985152">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            ..how they can con't to help, a donation to my Legal fund go directly to paying off legal fees from this fight <a href="https://t.co/wM6SDLLxEN">https://t.co/wM6SDLLxEN</a>        </p> —
        Joe Arpaio (@RealSheriffJoe)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/RealSheriffJoe/status/901250258667053058">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="260" data-total-count="1103">Mr. Trump, who made cracking down on illegal immigration a signature campaign issue and had pressed for local officials to do more to assist federal authorities in rounding up undocumented people, had been openly flirting with the idea of pardoning Mr. Arpaio.<br></p><div id="story-ad-1" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="214" data-total-count="1317" id="story-continues-1">“I won’t do it tonight because I don’t want to cause any controversy,” the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/us/politics/trump-rally-arizona.html">president said Tuesday night at a campaign-style rally</a> in Phoenix, after asking, “Was Sheriff Joe convicted for doing his job?”</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-2">Continue reading the main story</a>
    </div><!-- close story-body -->
    <div class="supplemental first" id="supplemental-1">
    </div><!-- close supplemental -->
</div><!-- close story-body-supplemental -->
<div class="story-interrupter" id="story-continues-2">
    <div id="FlexAd" class="ad flex-ad nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-3">Continue reading the main story</a>
    <div class="flex-ad-creative"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="story-body-supplemental">
    <div class="story-body story-body-2">
        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="85" data-total-count="1402" id="story-continues-3">“I’ll make a prediction: I think he’s going to be just fine,” Mr. Trump said.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="222" data-total-count="1624"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/joe-arpaio-arizona.html">Mr. Arpaio</a>, 85, served for 24 years as sheriff of Maricopa County — which includes Phoenix — building a national reputation for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/us/arpaio-tent-city-maricopa-sheriff-penzone.html">harsh conditions in his county jail</a>, and for his campaign against undocumented immigrants.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="306" data-total-count="1930">Mr. Arpaio had touted himself as “America’s toughest sheriff,” making inmates wear pink underwear and serving jail food that at least some prisoners called inedible. He was also at the forefront of the so-called birther movement that aimed to investigate President Barack Obama’s birth certificate.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="325" data-total-count="2255">The criminal conviction grew out of a lawsuit filed a decade ago charging that the sheriff’s office regularly violated the rights of Latinos, stopping people based on racial profiling, detaining them based solely on the suspicion that they were in the country illegally and turning them over to the immigration authorities.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="305" data-total-count="2560">A federal district judge hearing the case ordered Mr. Arpaio in 2011 to stop detaining people based solely on suspicion of their immigration status, when there was no evidence that a state law had been broken. But the sheriff insisted that his tactics were legal and that he would continue employing them.</p><div class="newsletter-signup variant-1-hidden " id="newsletter-promo" data-newsletter-productCode="RR" data-newsletter-productTitle="Race Related" aria-labeledby="newsletter-promo-heading">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="newsletter-promo-heading">Newsletter Sign Up</h2>
    <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#continues-post-newsletter">Continue reading the main story</a>
        <h3 class="headline">Sign Up for the Race/Related Newsletter</h3>    <p class="summary">Join a deep and provocative exploration of race with a diverse group of New York Times journalists.</p>    <form name="regilite" class="newsletter-form" method="post" autocomplete="off">
        <div class="control input-control">
            <div class="form-errors">
                <p class="error captcha-error hidden">Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box.</p>
                <p class="error invalid-email-error hidden">Invalid email address. Please re-enter.</p>
                <p class="error buffet-error hidden">You must select a newsletter to subscribe to.</p>
            </div>
            <div class="field-container">
                <input id="email" name="email" class="email-input" type="email" aria-required="true" placeholder="Enter your email address" value="">
                <button id="submit-button" type="submit" class="button submit-button">Sign Up</button>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
        <div class="control checkbox-control">
            <div class="field-container">
                <input id="special-offers" class="checkbox" type="checkbox" name="special-offers" value="MM">
            </div>
            <div class="label-container">
                <label class="checkbox-label" for="special-offers">You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services.</label>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
        <div class="g-recaptcha" id="captcha-container" data-sitekey="6LeN0R4TAAAAACwPa5WX2QYE0npOf2-2veTOm2Tp"></div>
    </form>
    <div class="messages">
        <h3 class="success-message hidden">Thank you for subscribing.</h3>
        <h3 class="error submit-error hidden">An error has occurred. Please try again later.</h3>
        <h3 class="subscriber hidden">You are already subscribed to this email.</h3>
        <p class="view-all-link hidden"><a href="/newsletters" target="_blank">View all New York Times newsletters.</a></p>
    </div><!-- close messages -->
    <ul class="footer">
                <li id="sample-newsletter-link" class="sample"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/newsletters/sample/race-related?pgtype=subscriptionspage&version=new&contentId=RR&eventName=sample&module=newsletter-sign-up" target="_blank">See Sample</a></li>
                <li class="manage-email"><a href="/mem/email.html" target="_blank">Manage Email Preferences</a></li>
        <li class="logout hidden"><a href="/logout" target="_blank">Not you?</a></li>
        <li class="privacy"><a href="/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li class="contact">Opt out or <a href="/help/index.html" target="_blank">contact us</a> anytime</li>
    </ul><!-- close footer -->
    <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" async="async" defer="defer"></script>
</div>
<div id="#continues-post-newsletter"></div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="134" data-total-count="2694">He was convicted last month of criminal contempt of court for defying the order, a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in jail.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="138" data-total-count="2832">The pardon was swiftly condemned on Twitter by Democrats in Congress as “<a href="https://twitter.com/repmarkpocan/status/901234877873442816">outrageous and completely unacceptable</a>” and a “<a href="https://twitter.com/RepKClark/status/901236788735467521">disgrace</a>.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="491" data-total-count="3323">Its timing also raised eyebrows, coming on the eve of Hurricane Harvey, a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/hurricane-harvey.html">Category 4</a> storm, barreling down on coastal Texas. Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and the minority leader, accused Mr. Trump of “using the cover of the storm” to pardon Mr. Arpaio and to issue a formal <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/trump-mattis-transgender-ban.html?hp&amp;action=click&amp;pgtype=Homepage&amp;clickSource=story-heading&amp;module=first-column-region&amp;region=top-news&amp;WT.nav=top-news">ban on transgender</a> people from joining the military. (The ban also gives the secretary of defense wide latitude to decide whether currently serving transgender troops should remain in the military.)</p><div id="story-ad-2" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-4">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="177" data-total-count="3500" id="story-continues-4">“The only reason to do these right now is to use the cover of Hurricane Harvey to avoid scrutiny,” Mr. Schumer said in a series of tweets late Friday. “So sad, so weak.”</p><figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            Then he ran to Camp David. <br>The only reason to do these right now is to use the cover of Hurricane Harvey to avoid scrutiny 4/        </p> —
        Chuck Schumer (@SenSchumer)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/SenSchumer/status/901252298793508869">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="148" data-total-count="3648">Mr. Trump’s supporters hailed the pardon as a sign the president was keeping his word on his campaign pledge to crack down on illegal immigration.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="247" data-total-count="3895">Kelli Ward, a former Arizona state senator who is challenging Senator Jeff Flake in a Republican primary for his seat in 2018, called Mr. Arpaio “a patriot who did the job the Feds refused to do.” Mr. Trump has endorsed Ms. Ward’s candidacy.</p><figure class="media twitter embedded layout-horizontal-inset">
        <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
        <p itemprop="articleBody">
            Thank you, <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">@realDonaldTrump</a> so glad you <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/pardoned?src=hash">#pardoned</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/RealSheriffJoe">@RealSheriffJoe</a> - a patriot who did the job the Feds refused to do <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/StopIllegalImmigration?src=hash">#StopIllegalImmigration</a> <a href="https://t.co/RlNm0Hr3b9">pic.twitter.com/RlNm0Hr3b9</a>        </p> —
        Dr. Kelli Ward (@kelliwardaz)
        <a href="https://twitter.com/kelliwardaz/status/901237873034141696">Aug. 26, 2017</a>
    </blockquote>
    <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
</figure>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="95" data-total-count="3990">Meanwhile, Senator John McCain, also an Arizona Republican, denounced the pardon of Mr. Arpaio.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="234" data-total-count="4224">“No one is above the law,” he said, “and the individuals entrusted with the privilege of being sworn law officers should always seek to be beyond reproach in their commitment to fairly enforcing the laws they swore to uphold.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="199" data-total-count="4423">The discussion about pardoning Mr. Arpaio had begun weeks ago, while Mr. Trump’s chief strategist, Stephen K. Bannon, was still in the administration, according to two people briefed on the matter.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="260" data-total-count="4683">But the decision to make the announcement during a national news blackout related to the impending hurricane was not accidental. Some in the Trump administration had cautioned against it as too controversial, and had urged waiting, if it were going to be done.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="209" data-total-count="4892">Mr. Bannon had favored the move, as had Mr. Trump’s policy adviser, Stephen Miller, a former adviser to Jeff Sessions, the attorney general and a former senator for whom Mr. Miller served as press secretary.</p><button class="button comments-button  theme-speech-bubble-large" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</button>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="319" data-total-count="5211">Mr. Sessions and Mr. Miller share a hard-line view on curtailing immigration levels, and Mr. Arpaio had become a national avatar for Mr. Trump, who had a good relationship with the sheriff during the 2016 presidential campaign. Mr. Trump had once told Mr. Arpaio that he would try to help him if he could down the road.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="291" data-total-count="5502">But that was before Mr. Trump was closing in on Hillary Clinton in the presidential race. Still, he was fond of Mr. Arpaio, and was sold on the pardon as a way of pleasing his political base. Additionally, Mr. Miller fought hard for the pardon, according to a senior administration official.</p><footer class="story-footer story-content">
    <div class="story-meta">
                <div class="story-notes"><p>Julie Hirschfeld Davis reported from Washington, and Maggie Haberman from New York.</p></div>
        <div class="story-info"><p><em>Get politics and Washington news updates via <a href="https://www.facebook.com/nytpolitics">Facebook</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/nytpolitics">Twitter</a> and <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/newsletters/morning-briefing">the Morning Briefing newsletter</a>.</em></p></div>

        
        <p class="story-print-citation">A version of this article appears in print on August 26, 2017, on Page A1 of the <span itemprop="printEdition">New York edition</span> with the headline: Trump Pardons  Ex-Sheriff Seen As Migrant Foe. <span class="story-footer-links">  <span><a href="http://www.nytreprints.com/" target="_blank">Order Reprints</a><span class="pipe">|</span></span>  <span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/todayspaper/index.html" target="_blank">Today's Paper</a><span class="pipe">|</span></span><span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp839RF.html?campaignId=48JQY" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></span>
</span>
</p>

    </div><!-- close story-meta -->
    </footer>
        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
    </div><!-- close story-body -->
    <div class="supplemental " id="supplemental-2">
    </div><!-- close supplemental -->
</div><!-- close story-body-supplemental -->

    
    <div class="reader-satisfaction-survey prompt feedback-prompt story-content hidden">
<a class="feedback-link" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfLW30xgZodF1qRAg80oWEGuDpW-1HHaL0g42G3SmvB2f4lCw/viewform?entry.8537735=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/us/politics/joe-arpaio-trump-pardon-sheriff-arizona.html" target="_blank">
    <p class="feedback-message">We&#8217;re interested in your feedback on this page. <strong>Tell us what you think.</strong></p>
</a>
</div>

    <div id="storage-drawer" class="hidden">
        <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="0" data-attribute-name="CombinedMarginalia" data-attribute-type="Related" data-attribute-subtype="">
    <aside class="marginalia related-combined-coverage-marginalia marginalia-item nocontent robots-nocontent" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" role="complementary" module="Related-CombinedMarginalia">
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
                <header>
            <h2 class="module-heading">Related Coverage</h2>
        </header>
        <ul>
                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/27/us/joe-arpaio-sheriff-pardon.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27xp-Arpaioguide1/27xp-Arpaioguide1-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">A Guide to Joe Arpaio, the Longtime Sheriff Who Escaped Strife</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 27, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/us/politics/political-reaction-trump-pardon-arpaio.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27DC-ARPAIOREACT/27DC-ARPAIOREACT-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Trump Asked Top Aides Months Ago if Arpaio Case Could Be Dropped, Officials Say</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 26, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/us/politics/trump-pardon-joe-arpaio-constitution.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27DC-ARPAIOLEGAL-02/27DC-ARPAIOLEGAL-02-thumbStandard-v2.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Why Trump’s Pardon of Arpaio Follows Law, Yet Challenges It</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 26, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/joe-arpaio-arizona.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/05/24/us/24arpaio-01/24arpaio-01-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Since Ouster, Sheriff Arpaio Has Lots of Time, but Not for Regrets</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">MAY 23, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/joe-arpaio-arizona-sheriff.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/11/09/us/09arpaio/09arpaio-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Sheriff Joe Arpaio Loses Bid for 7th Term in Arizona</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">NOV. 9, 2016</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                    </ul>
    </div>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="1" data-attribute-name="PaidPost" data-attribute-type="PaidPost" data-attribute-subtype="">
    <aside id='middle-right-paid-post-container' class='ad middle-right-ad paid-post-ad marginalia-item hidden nocontent robots-nocontent'>
    <h2 class='marginalia-heading'></h2>
    <ul class='story-menu'>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost1' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost2' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost3' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost4' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
    </ul>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="2" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Recent">
    <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia  selected-comment-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</aside>
</div>
<div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="3" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Featured">
    <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia  featured-comment-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</aside>
</div>
<div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="4" data-attribute-name="Peek" data-attribute-type="Community" data-attribute-subtype="Prompt">
    <aside class="marginalia comments-marginalia  comment-prompt-marginalia" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" data-skip-to-para-id="">
</aside>
</div>
    </div>

</article>
<section id="related-combined-coverage" class="related-combined-coverage nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <header class="section-header">
        <h2 class="section-heading">Related Coverage</h2>
    </header>
    <div class="section-body">
        <ol class="story-menu menu">
                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/27/us/joe-arpaio-sheriff-pardon.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">A Guide to Joe Arpaio, the Longtime Sheriff Who Escaped Strife</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 27, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27xp-Arpaioguide1/27xp-Arpaioguide1-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/us/politics/political-reaction-trump-pardon-arpaio.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Trump Asked Top Aides Months Ago if Arpaio Case Could Be Dropped, Officials Say</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 26, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27DC-ARPAIOREACT/27DC-ARPAIOREACT-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/us/politics/trump-pardon-joe-arpaio-constitution.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Why Trump’s Pardon of Arpaio Follows Law, Yet Challenges It</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 26, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/27/us/27DC-ARPAIOLEGAL-02/27DC-ARPAIOLEGAL-02-thumbStandard-v2.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                    </ol>
                    <ol id="story-menu-additional-set" class="hidden story-menu menu">
                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/joe-arpaio-arizona.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Since Ouster, Sheriff Arpaio Has Lots of Time, but Not for Regrets</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">MAY 23, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/05/24/us/24arpaio-01/24arpaio-01-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/09/us/joe-arpaio-arizona-sheriff.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Sheriff Joe Arpaio Loses Bid for 7th Term in Arizona</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">NOV. 9, 2016</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/11/09/us/09arpaio/09arpaio-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                        </ol>
            <div class="story-menu-options">
                <div class="buttons">
                    <button class="button show-all-button" aria-controls="story-menu-additional-set">Show All</button>
                </div>
            </div><!-- close story-menu-options -->
            </div>
</section>

<!-- While running BundlePayFlow test, hide this module if user is in test) -->
<script type="text/javascript">
            if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('www-STORY_3bundlePayflow-v3') === '1') {
            (function() {
                require(['foundation/main'], function () {
                    require(['jquery/nyt', 'foundation/models/user-data'], function ($, userData) {
                        if (!userData.hasSynced) {
                            userData.on('change', function() {
                               checkSubStatus();
                            });
                        } else {
                            checkSubStatus();
                        }

                        function checkSubStatus() {
                            if (!userData.isHomeDeliverySubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isWebSubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isMobileSubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isTabletSubscriber()) {
                                    var relatedCoverage = document.querySelector('.related-combined-coverage');
                                    if (relatedCoverage && relatedCoverage.parentNode) {
                                        relatedCoverage.parentNode.removeChild(relatedCoverage);
                                    }
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
            })();
        }
    </script>
<aside class="module trending-module hidden nocontent robots-nocontent" data-truncate-enabled="true"></aside><section id="whats-next" class="whats-next nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">What's Next</h2>
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
        <div class="loader-container">
            <div class="loader loader-t-logo-32x32-ecedeb-ffffff"><span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span></div>
        </div>
    </div><!-- close nocontent -->
</section>
<div id="TopAd1" class="text-ad bottom-left-ad nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
<div id="Top5" class="ad top5-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
       <section class="module bundle-payflow-module">    <div class="bundle-payflow hidden"></div> <!-- end bundle-payflow -->
</section>


                    <div class="search-overlay"></div>
            </main><!-- close main -->
            <section id="site-index" class="site-index">
    <header class="section-header">
        <p class="user-action"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">Go to Home Page &raquo;</a></p>
        <h2 class="section-heading">
            <span class="visually-hidden">Site Index</span>
            <a id="site-index-branding-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/">
                <span class="visually-hidden">The New York Times</span>
            </a>
        </h2>
        <script>window.magnum.writeLogo('small', 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180212-210559/images/foundation/logos/', '', '', 'standard', 'site-index-branding-link', '');</script>
    </header>

    <nav id="site-index-navigation" class="site-index-navigation" role="navigation">
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Index Navigation</h2>
        <div class="split-6-layout layout">

                                                        
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">News</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/world">World</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us">U.S.</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/politics">Politics</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/nyregion">N.Y.</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/business">Business</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/technology">Tech</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/science">Science</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/health">Health</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/sports">Sports</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/education">Education</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/obituaries">Obituaries</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/todayspaper/index.html">Today's Paper</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/corrections">Corrections</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Opinion</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/opinion/index.html">Today's Opinion</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/columnists">Op-Ed Columnists</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/editorials">Editorials</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/contributors">Op-Ed Contributors</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/letters">Letters</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/sunday">Sunday Review</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion">Video: Opinion</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Arts</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts">Today's Arts</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/design">Art & Design</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/books">Books</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/dance">Dance</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/movies">Movies</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/music">Music</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/television">Television</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/theater">Theater</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/arts">Video: Arts</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Living</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/automobiles">Automobiles</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/crosswords">Crossword</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/dining/index.html">Food</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/education">Education</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/fashion">Fashion & Style</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/health">Health</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/jobs">Jobs</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/magazine">Magazine</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/realestate">Real Estate</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/t-magazine">T Magazine</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/travel">Travel</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/fashion/weddings">Weddings & Celebrations</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Listings & More</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/reader-center">Reader Center</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/classifieds/">Classifieds</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/marketing/tools-and-services/">Tools & Services</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/multimedia">Multimedia</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/">Photography</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video">Video</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://store.nytimes.com/?action=click&contentCollection=NYT%20Store&contentPlacement=2&module=SectionsNav&pgtype=Homepage&region=TopBar&t=qry542&utm_campaign=NYT-HP&utm_content=hp_browsetree&utm_medium=HPB&utm_source=nytimes&version=BrowseTree">NYT Store</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/times-journeys/?utm_source=nytimes&utm_medium=HPLink&utm_content=hp_browsetree&utm_campaign=NYT-HP">Times Journeys</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/seeallnav">Subscribe</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/membercenter">Manage My Account</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="http://www.nytco.com">NYTCo</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                            
            <div class="column last-column">
                
<h3 class="menu-heading">Subscribe</h3>

<ul class="menu primary-menu">
    <li class="menu-label">Subscribe</li>
    <li class="home-delivery">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                    <a class="nyt-home-delivery" href="https://www.nytimes.com/hdleftnav">Home Delivery</a>
            </li>
    <li class="digital-subscriptions">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                    <a class="digital-subscription" href="https://www.nytimes.com/digitalleftnav">Digital Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li class="nyt-crossword last-item">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
        <a id="nyt-crossword" href="https://www.nytimes.com/crosswords/index.html">Crossword</a>
    </li>
</ul>

<ul class="menu secondary-menu">

    <li class="email-newsletters">
        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/marketing/newsletters">Email Newsletters</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/mem/tnt.html">Alerts</a>
    </li>
    <li class="gift-subscription">
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/giftleftnav">Gift Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/corporateleftnav">Group Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/educationleftnav">Education Rate</a>
            </li>

</ul>
<ul class="menu secondary-menu">
    <li>
        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/services/mobile/index.html">Mobile Applications</a>
    </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="http://eedition.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/signup.cgi?cc=37FYY">Replica Edition</a>
            </li>
    
</ul>
            </div><!-- close column -->

        </div><!-- close split-6-layout -->

    </nav><!-- close nav -->

</section><!-- close site-index -->

            <footer id="page-footer" class="page-footer" role="contentinfo">
    <nav>
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Information Navigation</h2>
         <ul>
             <li>
                <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/copyright/copyright-notice.html" itemprop="copyrightNotice">
                    &copy; <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2018</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder provider sourceOrganization" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" itemid="http://www.nytimes.com"><span itemprop="name"> The New York Times Company</span><meta itemprop="tickerSymbol" content="NYSE NYT"/></span>
                </a>
            </li>
            <li class="visually-hidden"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com">Home</a></li>
            <li class="visually-hidden"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch/#/">Search</a></li>
            <li class="visually-hidden">Accessibility concerns? Email us at <a href="mailto:accessibility@nytimes.com">accessibility@nytimes.com</a>. We would love to hear from you.</li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/infoservdirectory.html">Contact Us</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="http://www.nytco.com/careers">Work With Us</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="http://nytmediakit.com/">Advertise</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/privacy/policy/privacy-policy.html#pp">Your Ad Choices</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/agree.html" itemprop="usageTerms">Terms of Service</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item last-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/sale/terms-of-sale.html">Terms of Sale</a></li>
         </ul>
    </nav>
    <nav class="last-nav">
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Information Navigation</h2>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="http://spiderbites.nytimes.com">Site Map</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/membercenter/sitehelp.html">Help</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/membercenter/feedback.html">Site Feedback</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item last-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp5558.html?campaignId=37WXW">Subscriptions</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
</footer>
        </div><!-- close page -->
    </div><!-- close shell -->
        <script src="https://tags.bluekai.com/site/50550?ret=js&limit=1" type="text/javascript" async></script>
            <script src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/3013110282/s/article_prod.js" type="text/javascript" async></script>
    <script>
require(['foundation/main'], function () {
    require(['story/main']);


         

    require(['jquery/nyt', 'foundation/views/page-manager'], function ($, pageManager) {
        if (window.location.search.indexOf('disable_tagx') > 0) {
            return;
        }
        $(document).ready(function () {
            require(['https://a1.nyt.com/analytics/json-kidd.min.js'], function () {
                pageManager.trackingFireEventQueue();
            });
        });
    });
});
</script>
<!--esi                                                                                                                    
<esi:include src="/appconfig/https/show-modal.js" />                                                                       
-->

    <div id="Inv1" class="ad inv1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Inv2" class="ad inv2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Inv3" class="ad inv3-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab1" class="ad ab1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab2" class="ad ab2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab3" class="ad ab3-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="prop1" class="ad prop1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="prop2" class="ad prop2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Anchor" class="ad anchor-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ADX_CLIENTSIDE" class="ad adx-clientside-ad hidden"></div>
</body>
</html>
