<!DOCTYPE html> <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" lang="en" class="blog layout_article rendering-context-www outputtype_default-article"> <head> <script>window.pbDeferredScripts=window.pbDeferredScripts||new Array;</script> <script id="_$cookiemonster">(function(document,undefined){var wl={};wl.reg=[];wl.map=[];function CM(wlmap,wlreg){this.wl={map:wl.map.concat(wlmap||[]),reg:wl.reg.concat(wlreg||[])}}CM.prototype.ommNom=function(){return this.nom(true,undefined)};CM.prototype.allows=function(cookieKey){var yum=this.nom(false,[cookieKey]).indexOf(cookieKey)>-1;return!yum};CM.prototype.nom=function(deleteCookies,cookiesList){var unset=[];var domainkey=document.location.hostname.split("").reverse().join("").slice(0,18),dcookies=cookiesList||document.cookie.split(";"),
dcookie,save,reg;for(var i=0;i<dcookies.length,dcookie=dcookies[i];i++){save=dcookie.trim().split("\x3d")[0].toLowerCase();if(this.wl.map.indexOf(save)>-1);else unset.push(save)}for(var o=0;o<this.wl.reg.length,reg=this.wl.reg[o];o++){reg.lastIndex=0;for(var i=0;i<dcookies.length,dcookie=dcookies[i];i++){save=dcookie.trim().split("\x3d")[0].toLowerCase();if(reg.test(save)){if(unset.indexOf(save)>-1)unset.splice(unset.indexOf(save),1)}else if(unset.indexOf(save)<0&&this.wl.map.indexOf(save)<0)unset.push(save)}}if(deleteCookies)if(domainkey==
"moc.tsopnotgnihsaw"&&(this.wl.reg.length||this.wl.map.length))setTimeout(function(ctx){return function(){for(var i=0;i<unset.length;i++){document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3dwww.washingtonpost.com";document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3d.washingtonpost.com";document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3d"}}}(this),0);else console.error("[cookie-monster] Cowardly refusing to delete cookies on "+
document.location.hostname,unset);return unset};document.__CookieMonster__=CM;return CM})(document);</script> <script>(function(document,cwlobj,map,reg,value){cwlobj={"cookies":["wpatc","s_vi","de","rplsb","rplm2","rplmct","rpld0","rpld1","wapo_login_id","wapo_secure_login_id","wapo_groups","wapo_display","wppref","devicetype","s_sess","s_pers","backplane-channel","_chartbeat2","_chartbeat5","client_region","fbuid","fbuname","wapo_fb_token","adsflag","comicsint","galleryplays","homessoldcookie","wapo_provider","washingtonpost_avatar","weather-preroll","wpnisecure","x-wp-split","x-split-override","region_cookie",
"rplpwmode","rplrol","wapo_actmgmt","wapo_az_id","sailthru_hid","sailthru_bid","__gads","osfam","wp_vi","pwamtk","drawbridge_o","drawbridge_test","debug_pwapi_ipdomainon","comscore","rplampr","googleampredirectdebugoverride","iabc","comments_sortorder","drdebugoverride","_ga","ddosdebugoverride","washpost_poe","pwadebugversiononoff","pwahpprocdebug","rplabrfg","rplabtestdebug","wapo_ab_test","rplabscmtr","rplabsectionmeterdebug","rplabuniquevisitdebug","ptvenv","rplpwabt2","rplpwtrk","pwabtestdebug",
"rplpwabt3","rplpwabt4","amp_exp","^fbm_.*","^fbsr_.*","^wordpress_.*","sub$","^wp.*"]};map=map||[];reg=reg||[];for(var i=0;i<cwlobj.cookies.length,value=cwlobj.cookies[i];i++)if("^"==value[0])reg.push(new RegExp(value));else map.push(value);document.__twpCookieMonster__=new document.__CookieMonster__(map,reg)})(document);</script> <script>var TWP_Debug=window.TWP_Debug||{};TWP_Debug.initialTime=new Date;</script> <meta name="object-hash" content="1518445702"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta id="viewport" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=2.0"/> <meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Hurricane Harvey, Houston floods, Houston flooding, climate change, extreme weather, Trump, Paris accord"/> <meta name="news_keywords" content="Hurricane Harvey, Houston floods, Houston flooding, climate change, extreme weather, Trump, Paris accord"/> <meta name="twitter:site" value="@WashingtonPost"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Washington Post"/> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="True"/> <meta name="magnet" content=""/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/washingtonpost"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="41245586762"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="4403963"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="500835072"/> <meta property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/> <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context":"http://schema.org",
      
        
        
           "@type":"AnalysisNewsArticle",
        
        
         
        
      
      "mainEntityOfPage":{
        "@type":"WebPage",
        "@id":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"
      },
      "headline":"Analysis | Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change",
      
        "description":"The Trump administration may be in denial, but extreme weather is becoming the new normal.",
      
      
        
        
          "image":["https://www.washingtonpost.com/pbox.php?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg&amp;w=1484&amp;op=resize&amp;opt=1&amp;filter=antialias&amp;t=20170517"],
        
      
      "datePublished":"2017-08-29T05:00:10.000Z",
      "dateModified":"2017-08-29T05:00:10.000Z",
      "isAccessibleForFree":"False",
      "hasPart":{
        "@type":"WebPageElement",
        "isAccessibleForFree":"False",
        "cssSelector":".paywall"
      },
      "publisher":{
        "@type":"NewsMediaOrganization",
        "name":"The Washington Post",
        "ethicsPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "masthead":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/masthead/",
        "missionCoveragePrioritiesPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "diversityPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "correctionsPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "verificationFactCheckingPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "unnamedSourcesPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "actionableFeedbackPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "foundingDate":"1877-12-06",
        "ownershipFundingGrants":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "diversityStaffingReport":"http://asne.org/newsroom_diversitysurvey",
        "refLocalNationalRequirements":null,
        "logo":{
          "@type":"ImageObject",
          "url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-black-400x60.png"
        }
      }
    }
  </script> <link rel="manifest" href="/pb/resources/json/desktop-notifications-manifest.json"/> <title>Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change - The Washington Post</title> <link itemprop="url" rel="canonical" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pbox.php?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg&amp;w=1484&amp;op=resize&amp;opt=1&amp;filter=antialias&amp;t=20170517" itemprop="image"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Analysis | Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change"/> <meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="The Trump administration may be in denial, but extreme weather is becoming the new normal."/> <meta property="og:description" content="The Trump administration may be in denial, but extreme weather is becoming the new normal."/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <meta name="theme" content="normal"> <meta name="audio_url" content=""> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.washingtonpost.rainbow/wp-android-rainbow/www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.washingtonpost.android/wp-android/www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/ishaantharoor"/> <meta property="author" content="https://www.facebook.com/ishaantharoor"/> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@ishaantharoor"/> <link rel="author" content="https://plus.google.com/108583168153889757478"/> <!--[if (gt IE 8) | (IEMobile)]><!--> <link href="/pb/gr/c/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/header_fonts/b63f1e9c46.css?_=a0143" rel="stylesheet"/> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/css/headerfonts_ie.css?_=201710090909ET"/><![endif]--> <link href="/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/css/1cd0aae0bf.css?_=6425e" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="/pb/gr/p/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/style.css?_=3cf7d" rel="stylesheet"/> <style data-id="pb-r-head"></style> <script>window.wp_pb=window.wp_pb||{pageName:"article-world",pageId:"rswdNi1q19XbJq",contextPath:"/pb",isAdmin:false,layoutEngineName:"off",environment:"production",resourceToken:"201710090909ET",zeusFooter:"",contentFormat:"default",outputType:"default-article",canonical_url:"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"};</script> <script>window.commercialNode="world";
(function(){try{wp_meta_data=window.wp_meta_data||{};wp_meta_data.platform="pagebuilder";if(!("isPageInitiallyHydrated"in wp_meta_data))wp_meta_data.isPageInitiallyHydrated=true;wp_meta_data.showAds=true;wp_meta_data.isPWA=false;wp_meta_data.showPreRollAds=false;wp_meta_data.isHomepage=false;wp_meta_data.isErrorPage=false;wp_meta_data.isMultimedia=false;wp_meta_data.wt="BlogStory";delete wp_meta_data.facet;wp_meta_data.contentName=["worldviews"];delete wp_meta_data.contentLength;wp_meta_data.page_id=
["worldviews160941"];wp_meta_data.meta_date=["1503982810"];wp_meta_data.author=["Ishaan Tharoor"];wp_meta_data.keywords=["Hurricane Harvey","Houston floods","Houston flooding","climate change","extreme weather","Trump","Paris accord"];wp_meta_data.clavis=wp_meta_data.clavis||{};wp_meta_data.clavis.keywords=[];wp_meta_data.clavis.topics=[];wp_meta_data.clavis.ct=[];delete wp_meta_data.destinations;wp_meta_data.hot_topic=[false];delete wp_meta_data.subjects;delete wp_meta_data.tags;delete wp_meta_data.tags_for_paywall;
delete wp_meta_data.category;delete wp_meta_data.people_names;delete wp_meta_data.people_positions;delete wp_meta_data.organization_names;delete wp_meta_data.coverage_industrys;delete wp_meta_data.ideology;delete wp_meta_data.addresses;delete wp_meta_data.neighborhoods;delete wp_meta_data.zip_codes;delete wp_meta_data.counties;delete wp_meta_data.venues;delete wp_meta_data.cities;delete wp_meta_data.states;delete wp_meta_data.countries;delete wp_meta_data.breaking_news;wp_meta_data.contentType=["BlogStory"]}catch(e){}})();</script> <script>window.wpAd={"inventory":{"interstitial":{"size":[],"keyvalues":{"ad":"interstitial"}},"leaderboard":{"size":[[728,90],[970,66],[970,250]],"keyvalues":{"pos":"leaderboard"}},"inline_bb":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[620,250]}},"inline_bb_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[620,250]}},"flex_ss_bb_hp":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],[160,600],[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]]},"flex_ss_bb_hp_*":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],
[160,600],[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]]},"flex_bb_hp":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],[300,600],[300,1050],[300,250]]},"tiffany_tile":{"size":[[200,60],[184,90]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["tiffany_tile"]}},"tiffany_tile_*":{"size":[[200,60],[184,90]]},"brandconnect_front":{"size":[[1,8],"fluid"]},"bc_pb_homepage":{"size":[[1,8],"fluid"]},"336x60":{"size":[[336,60]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["336x60"]}},"336x35_top":{"size":[[336,35]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["336x35"]}},"marketing_2":{"size":[[1,1]]},"marketwatch":{"size":[[1,
1]]},"twittermodule":{"size":[[1,1]]},"88x31":{"size":[[88,31]]},"bigbox":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"bigbox_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"bigbox_gallery":{"size":[[300,250]]},"context_notes":{"size":[[1,1]]},"enterprise":{"size":[[1,1],[620,250],[728,90]]},"enterprise_*":{"size":[[1,1],[620,250],[728,90]]},"mob_bigbox":{"size":[[300,250],[300,600],"fluid"]},"mob_bigbox_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"fixedBottom":{"size":[[320,50],[300,50]]},"pushdown":{"size":[[1,1],[970,66],[970,90],[728,
90],[970,250]]},"bc_bigbox":{"size":[[300,250]]},"lily_inline":{"size":[[300,250],[620,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[970,250]}},"lily_inline_*":{"size":[[300,250],[620,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[970,250]}},"brandconnect_lily":{"size":["fluid"]},"lily_mob_inline":{"size":[[300,250],[300,600],"fluid"]},"lily_mob_inline_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"polly_article":{"size":[[1,1]]},"postrecommends":{"size":[[1,1]]}},"exclusionsKeyWords":{"natural_disaster":["deepwater",
"oil spill","shell","exxon","citgo","bp","chevron","hess","sunoco","disaster","fire","explosion","oil","coal","death","dead","quake","earthquake","tsunami","tornado","hurricane","flood","bed bug","infestation","gas","tropical storm","Irma","Harvey"],"human_disaster":["Weinstein","massacre","oreilly","Ailes","o'reilly","fox news","abuse","death","trafficking","dead","gunshot","murderer","porn","sex tape","sexting","sexual abuse","molestation","assault","child abuse","sex abuse","ISIS","ISIL","Islamic State",
"Al Qaeda","Syria","Syrian","Assad","shooter","shooting","migrants","aylan kurdi","refugee crisis","drown","shoot","vatican","spanair","aground","rescue","attack","disaster","explosion","war","hostage","terror","terrorist","bomb","blast","mining","miner","violence","riot","crash","9/11","sept. 11","september 11","behead","United 93","pistorius","ebola","rape","rapist","amtrak","derailment","benghazi","misconduct"],"financial_crisis":["corrupt","lawsuit","goldman","aig","foreclosure","enron","sec",
"mortgage","Insurance","health","bank","wall street","protest","labor strike","union strike","labor issue","union issue","teacher strike","teachers strike","election"],"inappropriate":["porn","deepwater","gambling","sex","alcohol","pornography"]},"posOnCommericalNode":{"washingtonpost.com":{"pos":{"leaderboard":{"start":"01/29/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"01/30/2018 23:59 EDT"},"flex_bb_hp":{"start":"01/30/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},"tiffany_tile":{"start":"02/09/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},
"tiffany_tile_2":{"start":"02/09/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},"pushdown":{"start":"09/12/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"09/12/2017 23:59 EDT"}}},"powerpost":{"pos":{"tiffany_tile":{"start":"01/01/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"07/09/2017 00:00 EDT"}}},"powerpost/article":{"pos":{"tiffany_tile":{"start":"01/01/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"07/09/2017 00:00 EDT"}}}}};</script> <script src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/ad/zeus/wp-ad.min.js" async></script> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=938922398, app-argument=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/pb/resources/json/manifest.json"/> <script src="/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/load_immediately/cd57f7dcfb.js?_=7da5f"></script> <script>wp_import.valor(true);</script> <script>window.head_conf={head:"TWPHead"};</script> <script>(function(){TWP=typeof TWP=="undefined"?{}:TWP;TWP.Data=typeof TWP.Data=="undefined"?{}:TWP.Data;TWP.Data["Tracking"]={init:function(){this.props={};this.props.platform="pagebuilder";this.props.site="www.washingtonpost.com";this.props.page_type="";this.props.page_name="world:blog:worldviews - 160941 - 20170829 - hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change";this.props.section="world";this.props.channel="wp - world";this.props.subsection="world";this.props.hierarchy="world|blog";
this.props.content_type="blog";this.props.story_type="";this.props.headline="Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change";this.props.author="Ishaan Tharoor";this.props.source="The Washington Post";this.props.content_id="worldviews160941";this.props.page_num="";this.props.columnname="";this.props.blogname="worldviews";this.props.published="";this.props.news_or_commercial="News";this.props.commercial_node="/world";this.props.content_category="World";this.props.sectionfront="";this.props.track_scrolling=
true}};TWP.Data["Tracking"].init()})();</script> <script>(function($){window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups=window.pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups||new Array;var version="";var env="production";var fileList=[];fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/conf-production/b5411285f6.js?_\x3d81d55");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"conf-production","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/conf/production/conf.js?_\x3d81d55");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/modal-css/938c258067.css?_\x3d2ffa5");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"modal-css","fileType":"css"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/identity-management/modal.css?_\x3d2ffa5");fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/identity-management/da39a3ee5e.js?_\x3db847a");fileList.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/pwapi/prod/wpPwapi1-min.js?token\x3d201706011309EST");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/identity-management/c4d7fa1f35.js?_\x3db847a");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"identity-management","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/pwapi/prod/wpPwapi1-min.js?token\x3d201706011309EST");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/identity-management/util-user-2.0.0.js?_\x3df738c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/identity-management/util.identity-management-1.2.0.js?_\x3d9d504");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/analytics/latest/main.js?token\x3d201710090909ET");var fileList2=[];fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/advertising/pseudo-static/identity-retargeting.js");if(typeof $.jqm==="undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/jqmodal/7a5b554023.js?_\x3d26a28");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"jqmodal","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jqModal.js?_\x3d26a28")}if(typeof $.cookie===
"undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/jquery-cookie/4cc3c1bef0.js?_\x3db8874");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"jquery-cookie","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.cookie-1.0.0.js?_\x3db8874")}if(typeof jQuery==="undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/jquery/c85562b39d.js?_\x3db45ba");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources",
"name":"jquery","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jquery/latest/jquery.js?_\x3db45ba")}function loadResources(){wp_import.valor(true);var r=new ResourceBundle("pb-r-identity");$.each(fileList,function(key,value){r.push(value)});var r2=new ResourceBundle("pb-r-retargeting");$.each(fileList2,function(key,value){r2.push(value)});$(window.document).trigger("twp.identity.load.start");r.trigger().always(function(){if(window.performance&&typeof performance.mark==="function")window.performance.mark("ResourceBundle pb-r-identity");
$(window.document).trigger("twp.identity.load.complete")}).fail(function(a,b){try{console.error(a,b)}catch(e){}});ResourceBundle.when("pb-r-identity").then(function(){r2.trigger("pb-r-retargeting",true)}).fail(function(a,b){try{console.error(a,b)}catch(e){}})}if(typeof window.ResourceBundle==="undefined"){var jsHeadJs="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/wp_import/1aa37c2c30.js?_\x3dbf2b9";pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"wp_import",
"fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/wp_import/wp_import.js?_\x3dbf2b9");var jsscript=document.createElement("script");jsscript.onload=jsscript.onreadystatechange=function(){if(this.readyState&&this.readyState!="complete"&&this.readyState!="loaded")return;loadResources()};jsscript.src=jsHeadJs;var jssib=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];jssib.parentNode.insertBefore(jsscript,jssib)}else document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){loadResources()})})(jQuery);</script> <script>(function(){if(window.BOOMR&&window.BOOMR.version)return;var dom,doc,where,iframe=document.createElement("iframe"),win=window;function boomerangSaveLoadTime(e){win.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(win.addEventListener)win.addEventListener("load",boomerangSaveLoadTime,false);else if(win.attachEvent)win.attachEvent("onload",boomerangSaveLoadTime);iframe.src="javascript:false";iframe.title="";iframe.role="presentation";(iframe.frameElement||iframe).style.cssText="width:0;height:0;border:0;display:none;";
where=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];where.parentNode.insertBefore(iframe,where);try{doc=iframe.contentWindow.document}catch(e){dom=document.domain;iframe.src="javascript:var d\x3ddocument.open();d.domain\x3d'"+dom+"';void(0);";doc=iframe.contentWindow.document}doc.open()._l=function(){var js=this.createElement("script");if(dom)this.domain=dom;js.id="boomr-if-as";js.src="https://c.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/"+"W8234-EWWKH-SQWJU-EAC6K-7AE5Z";BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime();this.body.appendChild(js)};
doc.write('\x3cbody onload\x3d"document._l();"\x3e');doc.close()})();</script> <script>window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,n,e){function r(e){if(!n[e]){var o=n[e]={exports:{}};t[e][0].call(o.exports,function(n){var o=t[e][1][n];return r(o||n)},o,o.exports)}return n[e].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<e.length;o++)r(e[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(n){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(15),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=
!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){r(e.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,n){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e,r,o){try{d?d-=1:i("err",[o||new UncaughtException(t,n,e)])}catch(s){try{i("ierr",[s,c.now(),!0])}catch(u){}}return"function"==typeof f&&f.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,
n,e){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=n,this.line=e}function o(t){i("err",[t,c.now()])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(16),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=window.onerror,u=!1,d=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error;}catch(l){"stack"in l&&(t(8),t(7),"addEventListener"in window&&t(5),c.xhrWrappable&&t(9),u=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){u&&(d+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){u&&(this.thrown=!0,o(e))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){u&&!this.thrown&&
d>0&&(d-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})},{}],3:[function(t,n,e){t("loader").features.ins=!0},{}],4:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var o=t("ee"),i=t("handle"),a=t(8),s=t(7),c="learResourceTimings",f="addEventListener",u="resourcetimingbufferfull",d="bstResource",l="resource",p="-start",h="-end",m="fn"+p,w="fn"+h,v="bstTimer",y="pushState",g=t("loader");g.features.stn=!0,t(6);var b=
NREUM.o.EV;o.on(m,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&(this.bstStart=g.now())}),o.on(w,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&i("bst",[e,n,this.bstStart,g.now()])}),a.on(m,function(t,n,e){this.bstStart=g.now(),this.bstType=e}),a.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),this.bstType])}),s.on(m,function(){this.bstStart=g.now()}),s.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),o.on(y+p,function(t){this.time=g.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),
o.on(y+h,function(t){i("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),f in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+c]?window.performance[f](u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["c"+c]()},!1):window.performance[f]("webkit"+u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["webkitC"+c]()},!1)),document[f]("scroll",r,{passive:!0}),document[f]("keypress",r,!1),document[f]("click",r,!1)}},{}],5:[function(t,
n,e){function r(t){for(var n=t;n&&!n.hasOwnProperty(u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&o(n)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,n){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t(18)(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";n.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,n){var e=t[1],r=c(e,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==
typeof e.handleEvent)return e.handleEvent.apply(e,arguments)}var n={object:t,"function":e}[typeof e];return n?s(n,"fn-",null,n.name||"anonymous"):e});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],6:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t(18)(r);n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window.history,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],7:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t(18)(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+
i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],8:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,e)}function o(t,n,e){this.method=e,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,e)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t(18)(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";n.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],9:[function(t,
n,e){function r(t,n){d.inPlace(n,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,n=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!n.resolved&&(n.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){g.push(t),h&&(x?x.then(a):w?w(a):(E=-E,O.data=E))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<g.length;t++)r([],g[t]);g.length&&(g=[])}function s(t,n){return n}function c(t,n){for(var e in t)n[e]=t[e];return n}t(5);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t(18)(u),l=NREUM.o,p=l.XHR,h=l.MO,m=l.PR,w=l.SI,v="readystatechange",
y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],g=[];n.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var n=new p(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[n],n),n.addEventListener(v,o,!1)}catch(e){try{u.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}return n};if(c(p,b),b.prototype=p.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){r(t,n),i(n)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),h){var x=m&&m.resolve();if(!w&&!m){var E=1,O=document.createTextNode(E);
(new h(a)).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===v||a()})},{}],10:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=this.params,e=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<d;r++)t.removeEventListener(u[r],this.listener,!1);if(!n.aborted){if(e.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,4===t.readyState){n.status=t.status;var i=o(t,this.lastSize);if(i&&(e.rxSize=i),this.sameOrigin){var c=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");c&&(n.cat=c.split(", ").pop())}}else n.status=
0;e.cbTime=this.cbTime,f.emit("xhr-done",[t],t),s("xhr",[n,e,this.startTime])}}}function o(t,n){var e=t.responseType;if("json"===e&&null!==n)return n;var r="arraybuffer"===e||"blob"===e||"json"===e?t.response:t.responseText;return h(r)}function i(t,n){var e=c(n),r=t.params;r.host=e.hostname+":"+e.port,r.pathname=e.pathname,t.sameOrigin=e.sameOrigin}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable){var s=t("handle"),c=t(11),f=t("ee"),u=["load","error","abort","timeout"],d=u.length,l=t("id"),p=t(14),h=t(13),m=window.XMLHttpRequest;
a.features.xhr=!0,t(9),f.on("new-xhr",function(t){var n=this;n.totalCbs=0,n.called=0,n.cbTime=0,n.end=r,n.ended=!1,n.xhrGuids={},n.lastSize=null,p&&(p>34||p<10)||window.opera||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){n.lastSize=t.loaded},!1)}),f.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},i(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),f.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,n){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid)}),
f.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){var e=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(e&&r){var i=h(r);i&&(e.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"===t.type&&(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof n.onload))&&o.end(n)}catch(e){try{f.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<d;s++)n.addEventListener(u[s],this.listener,!1)}),f.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,n,e){this.cbTime+=t,n?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=
1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof e.onload||this.end(e)}),f.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[e]&&(this.xhrGuids[e]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),f.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[e]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[e],this.totalCbs-=1)}),f.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("removeEventListener-end",
function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){n instanceof m&&("onload"===e&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),f.on("fn-end",function(t,n){this.xhrCbStart&&f.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,n],n)})}},{}],11:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){var n=document.createElement("a"),e=window.location,r={};n.href=t,r.port=n.port;var o=n.href.split("://");
!r.port&&o[1]&&(r.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),r.port&&"0"!==r.port||(r.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),r.hostname=n.hostname||e.hostname,r.pathname=n.pathname,r.protocol=o[0],"/"!==r.pathname.charAt(0)&&(r.pathname="/"+r.pathname);var i=!n.protocol||":"===n.protocol||n.protocol===e.protocol,a=n.hostname===document.domain&&n.port===e.port;return r.sameOrigin=i&&(!n.hostname||a),r}},{}],12:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t,n,e){return function(){return i(t,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),
n?null:this,e),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(15),s=t(16),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=u);var d=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",p=l+"ixn-";a(d,function(t,n){u[n]=o(l+n,!0,"api")}),u.addPageAction=o(l+"addPageAction",!0),u.setCurrentRouteName=o(l+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,u.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var h=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,
n){var e={},r=this,o="function"==typeof n;return i(p+"tracer",[f.now(),t,e],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],e),o)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],e)}}}};a("setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,n){h[n]=o(p+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),i("err",[t,f.now()])}},{}],13:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;
if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(n){return}}}},{}],14:[function(t,n,e){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),n.exports=r},{}],15:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){var e=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(e[i]=
n(r,t[r]),i+=1);return e}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],16:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof e&&(e=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=e-n||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[n+r];return i}n.exports=r},{}],17:[function(t,n,e){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],18:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&
!t[a])}var o=t("ee"),i=t(16),a="nr@original",s=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;n.exports=function(t,n){function e(t,n,e,o){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,s,c;try{a=this,r=i(arguments),s="function"==typeof e?e(r,a):e||{}}catch(f){l([f,"",[r,a,o],s])}u(n+"start",[r,a,o],s);try{return c=t.apply(a,r)}catch(d){throw u(n+"err",[r,a,d],s),d;}finally{u(n+"end",[r,a,c],s)}}return r(t)?t:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[a]=t,d(t,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function f(t,n,o,i){o||(o="");var a,s,c,f="-"===o.charAt(0);for(c=
0;c<n.length;c++)s=n[c],a=t[s],r(a)||(t[s]=e(a,f?s+o:o,i,s))}function u(e,r,o){if(!c||n){var i=c;c=!0;try{t.emit(e,r,o,n)}catch(a){l([a,e,r,o])}c=i}}function d(t,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var e=Object.keys(t);return e.forEach(function(e){Object.defineProperty(n,e,{get:function(){return t[e]},set:function(n){return t[e]=n,n}})}),n}catch(r){l([r])}for(var o in t)s.call(t,o)&&(n[o]=t[o]);return n}function l(n){try{t.emit("internal-error",n)}catch(e){}}return t||(t=o),e.inPlace=f,e.flag=
a,e}},{}],ee:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t){function n(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?c(t,s,i):i()}function e(e,r,o,i){if(!l.aborted||i){t&&t(e,r,o);for(var a=n(o),s=h(e),c=s.length,f=0;f<c;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var d=u[y[e]];return d&&d.push([g,e,r,a]),a}}function p(t,n){v[t]=h(t).concat(n)}function h(t){return v[t]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||o(e)}function w(t,n){f(t,function(t,e){n=n||"feature",y[e]=n,n in u||(u[n]=[])})}var v={},y={},g={on:p,emit:e,get:m,listeners:h,context:n,
buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return g}function i(){return new r}function a(){(u.api||u.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,u=l.backlog={})}var s="nr@context",c=t("gos"),f=t(15),u={},d={},l=n.exports=o();l.backlog=u},{}],gos:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){if(o.call(t,n))return t[n];var r=e();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[n]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,
n,e,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,n,e)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,n,e){function r(){if(!x++){var t=b.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(u.abort,3E4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&n))return u.abort();f(y,function(n,e){t[n]||(t[n]=e)}),c("mark",
["onload",a()+b.offset],null,"api");var e=l.createElement("script");e.src="https://"+t.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){c("mark",["domContent",a()+b.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return E.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(s=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),s))-b.offset}var s=(new Date).getTime(),c=t("handle"),f=t(15),u=t("ee"),d=window,l=d.document,p="addEventListener",h="attachEvent",m=d.XMLHttpRequest,w=m&&m.prototype;
NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:d.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:m,REQ:d.Request,EV:d.Event,PR:d.Promise,MO:d.MutationObserver};var v=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1044.min.js"},g=m&&w&&w[p]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),b=n.exports={offset:s,now:a,origin:v,features:{},xhrWrappable:g};t(12),l[p]?(l[p]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),d[p]("load",r,!1)):(l[h]("onreadystatechange",o),d[h]("onload",r)),c("mark",["firstbyte",s],null,"api");
var x=0,E=t(17)},{}]},{},["loader",2,10,4,3]);NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"ce992986c8",applicationID:"91618238",sa:1};</script> <script>if(typeof newrelic=="object"){newrelic.setCustomAttribute("site","www.washingtonpost.com");newrelic.setCustomAttribute("rawUserAgent",navigator.userAgent);if(window.wp_pb&&wp_pb.pageName)newrelic.setCustomAttribute("pbPageName",wp_pb.pageName)};</script> <script>window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbHeadResourceGroups=window.pbHeadResourceGroups||new Array;pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"css","fileType":"css"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/normalize.css?_\x3d6a9e1");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/assets/fonts/custom/latest/css/icons.css?_\x3df2022");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/pbCore.css?_\x3d085a8");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/voltron-v2.css?_\x3ddfe15");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/bootstrap-cols.css?_\x3d3b7b6");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/refresh.css?_\x3d9949c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/loadAsync.css?_\x3ddd2a8");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/homepage-layout.css?_\x3deaefa");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/article-layout.css?_\x3df7b59");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/inline-content.css?_\x3d9f7b2");
pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"style.css","fileType":"css"});pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"load_immediately","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jquery/latest/jquery.js?_\x3db45ba");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/wp_import/wp_import.js?_\x3dbf2b9");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/loadAsync.js?_\x3def538");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/event-controller.v2.js?_\x3d7ea6e");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/event-queue.js?_\x3df2c13");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/pbCore.article.js?_\x3d8d21e");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/pbStaticMethodsEssentials.js?_\x3d9afe0");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/mobile-detection.js?_\x3d8c659");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/console/console.noop.js?_\x3d8d21e");
pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"load_async","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/polyfills.min.js?_\x3db72b3");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/pbStaticMethodsAsync.js?_\x3d9afe0");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/mobile-detection-classes.js?_\x3dc311c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.cookie-1.0.0.js?_\x3db8874");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/cookie-sync.min.js?_\x3dbd27d");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.in-viewport-1.0.0.js?_\x3d26cc0");pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"headjs","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/noop.js?_\x3dd47ff");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/article-layout-headjs.js?_\x3d26cc0");pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"head.js","fileType":"js"});</script> </head> <body class="pb-theme-normal pb-full-fluid" data-no_ads="false"> <div style="width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; position: absolute !important; left: -10000px !important; top: -1000px !important;" class="pub_300x250 pub_300x250m pub_728x90 text-ad textAd text_ad text_ads text-ads text-ad-links" id="wp-adb-c"></div> <div id="pb-f-a"></div> <div id="pb-root" class=""><section id="top-furniture" class="col-xs-12 layout"><div id="f0NGpDxq19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-header-v2" moat-id="page/header-v2|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/header-v2" data-pb-fingerprint="0fE2pbXsipa" id="f0uVHvHq19XbJq"> <!--[if IE 9]><style>#main-sections-nav.subNavigation{width:475px !important}#main-sections-nav{left:-250px !important;width:315px !important}#main-sections-nav-inner{position:absolute !important}#main-sections-nav.subNavigation #main-sections-nav-inner{width:550px !important;overflow-x:hidden !important}#main-sections-nav.subNavigation{width:470px !important}</style><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]><div id="page" class="ie ie9 "><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><div id="page" class="ie ie8 "><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <div id="page" class="nie "> <!--<![endif]--> <header id="wp-header" class="site-header fixed "> <nav id="nav-bar" class="top-nav" role="navigation"> <div id="logo-in-nav" class=" nav-display-show " itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com" class="wp-logo-link" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <img width="181" class="main-logo" src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-white-2x.png" alt="The Washington Post"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-white-2x.png"> <meta itemprop="width" content="200"> <meta itemprop="height" content="40"> <div class="tagline-wrapper"> <span class="header-tagline">Democracy Dies in Darkness</span> </div> </a> <meta itemprop="name" content="washingtonpost"/> </div> <div class="main-navigation row"> <div class="col-xs-7 col-md-7 col-lg-7"> <ul class="buttons-inline"> <li class="search-form-item hidden-xs"> <form id="search-form" method="get" class="search" action="//www.washingtonpost.com/newssearch/"> <input id="search-field" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="text" class="form-control closed" placeholder="Search"/> <i id="search-btn" class="fa fa-search closed"></i> </form> </li> <li class="hidden-xs"> <a href="#" id="section-menu-btn" class="button section-menu-btn sections"> Sections <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-button visible-xs"> <a href="#" class="section-menu-btn"> <i class="fa fa-bars mobile-hamburger-ic" id="mobile-hamburger-ic"></i> </a> </li> <li id="section-menu-home" class="menu hidden-xs hide"> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/?tid=tst_homelink">Home</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-5 col-md-5 col-lg-5"> <div class="mobile-settings-button"> <a href="#" id="settings-nav-btn"></a> </div> <div class="sign-up-buttons"> <ul class="button-group" id="logged-in-status"> <li id="nav-subscribe" class="hidden"> <a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?nid=top_pb_subscribe&promo=o3&oscode=RPWH&destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/&tid=nav_subscribe_logged_out" class="button"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> <li id="nav-user" class="hidden hidden-xs" data-show-identity="true" data-menu="user-menu"> <a class="button"> <span class="username">Username</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-sign-in hidden"> <a id="sign-in-link" href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/loginregistration/index.html?tid=nav_sign_in" class="button"> <span class="username">Sign In</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> <div class="visible-xs"> <ul class="site-info"> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Account</a></li> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/newsletters?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Newsletters &amp; Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/gift?promo=g_d&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Gift Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/ticketnewwizard.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/KBSplash.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Help Desk</a></li> </ul> </div> </ul> </div> <div id="slug_88x31" data-ad-type="88x31" style="display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="user-menu" class="nav-menu hidden"> <ul> <li id="nav-subscribe" class="hidden"> <a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?nid=top_pb_subscribe&promo=o5&oscode=RPWH&destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/&tid=nav_subscribe_logged_in" class="button"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> </ul> <ul class="user-info"></ul> <ul class="site-info"> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Account</a></li> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/newsletters?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Newsletters &amp; Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/gift?promo=g_d&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Gift Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/ticketnewwizard.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/KBSplash.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Help Desk</a></li> </ul> </div> </header> </div> <!--[if IE 8]><div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav ie8"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]><div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav ie9"><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav hide-subscribe-left-nav"> <!--<![endif]--> <div id="main-sections-nav-inner" class="sections-nav unfetched-menu "> <div id="sections-menu-off-canvas-alt"> <ul class="side-nav"> <li id="nav-screenreader-link" class="main-nav nav-screenreader-link"> <a class="main-nav-item screenreader-link" target="_self" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/?outputType=accessibility&nid=menu_nav_accessibilityforscreenreader">Accessibility for screenreader</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wp-logo-for-print"> <img class="unprocessed" data-hi-res-src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/washingtonpost_black_32.png" alt="The Washington Post"/> </div> </div> <div id="f0Y5BwXq19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-leaderboard" moat-id="ad/leaderboard|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/leaderboard" data-pb-fingerprint="0fH2pbXsipz" id="f0iXB4Xq19XbJq"> <div class="leaderboard ad-hideable"> <wp-ad id="slug_leaderboard" class="pb-ad-container"></wp-ad> <div class="leaderboard-close fa"></div> </div> <div class="mobile-fixed ad-hideable"> <div id="slug_t" data-ad-type="t" class="pb-ad-container-mobile" style="display:none;"> </div> </div> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard={};TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.viewability=false;TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.sticky=true;TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.belowSharebar=false})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-interstitial" moat-id="ad/interstitial|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/interstitial" data-pb-fingerprint="0fzgS42Wfqu" id="fY7slc2q19XbJq"> <div class="zeus-ads-fixed"> <div class="ad-interstitial"></div> </div> <script>(function(){var container=$(".zeus-ads-fixed"),interstitial=document.createElement("WP-AD");interstitial.id="slug_interstitial";$("#pb-root").before(container);if(!$("#slug_interstitial",container).length)$(".ad-interstitial").append(interstitial)})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-ad-blocker" moat-id="page/ad-blocker|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/ad-blocker" data-pb-fingerprint="0fdyaDvHlqD" id="f07u3uJq19XbJq"> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="top-content" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-10 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-topper" moat-id="article/article-topper|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-topper" data-pb-fingerprint="0ff2pbXsip3" id="f0aYFd3q19XbJq"> <div class="border-bottom-off border-bottom-"> <div id="article-topper" class="article-topper "> <div class="headline-kicker"><a class='kicker-link' href='http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/'>WorldViews</a><div class="section-label"> <span class="section-label-span"> <i class="fa fa-circle section-label-ic" aria-hidden="true"></i> Analysis </span> <div class="story-label-explainer arrow_box"> <i class="fa fa-times label-modal-close" aria-hidden="true"></i> <p class="label-title Analysis"> <b class="label">Analysis</b> <span class="label-content"> Interpretation of the news based on evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events </span> </p> </div> </div></div> <div> <div id="topper-headline-wrapper" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12"> <h1 data-pb-field="custom.topperDisplayName" itemprop="headline">Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change</h1> </div> <wp-ad id="slug_tiffany_tile" data-ad-type="tiffany_tile" class="hidden-xs right"></wp-ad> </div> <div id="essentials-topperx" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="main-content" class="col-xl-9 col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-xs-offset-0 col-sm-offset-0 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-deck" moat-id="article/article-deck|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-deck" data-pb-fingerprint="0fwATXB0JpE" id="f00dWb4q19XbJq"> <div id="article-deck" class="article-deck"> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-body" moat-id="article/article-body|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-body" data-pb-fingerprint="0f42pbXsipG" id="fJYl5h2q19XbJq"> <div id="article-body" class="article-body content-format-default"> <div class="pb-sig-line hasnt-headshot has-0-headshots hasnt-bio is-not-column"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/ishaan-tharoor/"><span itemprop="name">Ishaan Tharoor</span></a></span> <span class="pb-byline-tool-mobile"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/ishaan-tharoor/"><span itemprop="name">Ishaan Tharoor</span></a></span> <span class="pb-tool email"><a href="mailto:ishaan.tharoor@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change'"><span class="fa fa-envelope"></span><span class="envelope-label">Email the author</span></a></span> </span> <span class="pb-timestamp" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-29T01:00-500">August 29, 2017</span> <span class="pb-tool email"><a href="mailto:ishaan.tharoor@washpost.com?subject=Reader feedback for 'Hurricane Harvey and the inevitable question of climate change'"><span class="fa fa-envelope"></span><span class="envelope-label">Email the author</span></a></span> <span class="tweet-authors"><span class="pb-twitter-follow unprocessed"><a href="https://twitter.com/@ishaantharoor" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-lang="en">Follow @ishaantharoor</a></span> </span> <span class="pb-bolt"><i class="fa fa-bolt"></i></span> </div> <article class="paywall" itemprop="articleBody"><p><em>Want smart analysis of the most important news in your inbox every weekday along with other global reads, interesting ideas and opinions to know? <strong><a href="http://wapo.st/2ipDWPS">Sign up for the Today's WorldView newsletter</a></strong>.</em></p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="aeb99ed6ab"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg&amp;w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg&amp;w=480" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/files/2017/08/0829_FORN_ManMadeDisaster.jpg&amp;w=60"/><br/> </div><p></p> <p><strong>It’s been more than three days since Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas, but the record-shattering deluge it unleashed still isn’t over</strong>. Houston, America’s fourth-largest city, and parts of southeastern Texas are being <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/28/harvey-may-force-30000-people-into-shelters-while-flooding-will-linger-officials-warn/">pounded by continuing rains</a>, and the storm has triggered a new emergency in the neighboring state of Louisiana. At least <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/28/harvey-may-force-30000-people-into-shelters-while-flooding-will-linger-officials-warn/">nine deaths</a> related to the storm have been reported, tens of thousands have been driven from their homes, and federal authorities estimate that close to half a million people will <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-storm-harvey-fema-idUSKCN1B8177?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&amp;utm_content=59a450c304d301245f31906b&amp;utm_medium=trueAnthem&amp;utm_source=twitter">seek disaster assistance</a>.</p> <p>Various U.S. government officials described the impact of Hurricane Harvey with apocalyptic superlatives. “We are seeing catastrophic flooding,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/28/harvey-may-force-30000-people-into-shelters-while-flooding-will-linger-officials-warn/?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_houstonledeall-820am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&amp;utm_term=.388ca614de75">said</a> Louis W. Uccellini, the director of the National Weather Service, who warned that the waters would be slow to recede. His agency’s models showed the Brazos River, which runs southwest of Houston, rising some 59 feet by Tuesday.</p> <div class="inline-content inline-html"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="500"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Harvey?src=hash">#Harvey</a> in perspective. So much rain has fallen, we've had to update the color charts on our graphics in order to effectively map it. <a href="https://t.co/Su7x2K1uuz">pic.twitter.com/Su7x2K1uuz</a></p> <p>— NWS (@NWS) <a href="https://twitter.com/NWS/status/902174274571689984">August 28, 2017</a></p></blockquote> <p><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script></p> </div> <div class="flex-embed-dummy-script"><script charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p>“A flood of this magnitude is an 800-year event, and it exceeds the design specification of our levees,” said Fort Bend County Judge Robert Hebert in a statement Monday.  William “Brock” Long, the administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, had similar comments: “We have not seen an event like this,” he said on Monday. “You could not draw this forecast up. You could not dream this forecast up.”</p> <p>Right now, the focus is on ongoing relief and recovery efforts, boosted in part by a heartwarming mobilization of civilian volunteers. But the specter of climate change can’t be ignored. <strong>Climate change may not have “caused” Hurricane Harvey, but it seems likely that warming temperatures — the consequence of man-made greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere — exacerbated the storm conditions.</strong></p> <p>My colleague Chris Mooney <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/25/what-you-can-and-cant-say-about-climate-change-and-hurricane-harvey/?utm_term=.357e2c4bafc1">outlined a number of ways</a> in which this happens: Warmer temperatures in the ocean created an increase in atmospheric moisture, leading to the massive rainfall currently hitting southeastern Texas; rising sea levels contributed to a stronger storm surge that flooded Houston; a warmer climate makes storms more intense before they make landfall.</p> <p>Penn State climate scientist Michael Mann also <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/aug/28/climate-change-hurricane-harvey-more-deadly">pointed</a> to the influence of human-caused climate change on the storm’s unusual movement. Unlike most hurricanes, Harvey stalled near the coast instead of moving inland, meaning Houston was pounded by continuous downpours. Mann <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/aug/28/climate-change-hurricane-harvey-more-deadly">blamed that phenomenon</a> on “weak prevailing winds, which are failing to steer the storm off to sea” — a consequence predicted by climate-change models.</p> <div class="inline-content inline-video"> <div class="posttv-video-embed powa" data-ad-bar="1" data-aspect-ratio="0.5625" data-blurb="1" data-live="0" data-object-id="590a173de4b05c5ba312d1c0" data-org="wapo" data-playthrough="1" data-uuid="50111a34-3028-11e7-a335-fa0ae1940305" data-youtube-id="umXXjCDT0Kk"> <script async="" src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/player/prod/PoWaLoaderWapo.js?_=20180208"></script> </div> <div class="inline-video-caption"> <span class="pb-caption">Scientists like Bill Nye say there is an increased risk of flooding due to climate change and it's "only going to get worse." Here's why. (Monica Akhtar/The Washington Post)</span> </div> </div> <div class="flex-embed-dummy-script"><script charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p><strong>According to climate scientists, such extreme weather events — the proverbial “once-in-a-century” hurricane — will become only more common as the planet warms.</strong> That forecast is all the more conspicuous when you consider President Trump’s <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/06/01/if-trump-quits-paris-climate-accord-he-will-lead-u-s-into-the-wilderness/">pronounced climate skepticism</a> and his administration’s decision to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/06/01/if-trump-quits-paris-climate-accord-he-will-lead-u-s-into-the-wilderness/">withdraw the United States from the Paris accord</a> earlier this year.</p> <p>Trump, as columnist Ryan Cooper <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/720740/hurricane-harvey-americas-climate-future">noted for the Week</a>, has indeed presided over something of a war on climate science within his administration. “Just days before Harvey hit, Trump announced that he was going to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/15/trump-to-reverse-obama-era-order-aimed-at-planning-for-climate-change/?utm_term=.ba48dca6137b" target="_blank">rescind an Obama executive order</a> that would require buildings receiving federal funding to consider climate change and build above extreme flood levels,” <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/720740/hurricane-harvey-americas-climate-future">wrote Cooper</a>. “Since there is a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-executive-order-flooding_us_599323d4e4b04b193360926b" target="_blank">big federal program to provide flood insurance</a> to many such buildings (that is incidentally <a href="http://www.iamagazine.com/news/read/2017/01/19/fema-borrows-$1.6-billion-congress-calls-for-fundamental-reform" target="_blank">nearly bankrupt</a> due to massive claims of late), this amounts to a government subsidy to build in flood-prone areas.”</p> <div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="5db544a86e"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_960w/2010-2019/Wires/Images/2017-08-23/Reuters/2017-08-23T135938Z_2015650494_RC1734148690_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-FLOODS.jpg&amp;w=1484" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_960w/2010-2019/Wires/Images/2017-08-23/Reuters/2017-08-23T135938Z_2015650494_RC1734148690_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-FLOODS.jpg&amp;w=480" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_960w/2010-2019/Wires/Images/2017-08-23/Reuters/2017-08-23T135938Z_2015650494_RC1734148690_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-FLOODS.jpg" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/wp-apps/imrs.php?src=https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_960w/2010-2019/Wires/Images/2017-08-23/Reuters/2017-08-23T135938Z_2015650494_RC1734148690_RTRMADP_3_INDIA-FLOODS.jpg&amp;w=60"/><br/> <span class="pb-caption">A baby suffering from dehydration cries after being rescued in the eastern state of Bihar, India, on Aug. 23. (Cathal McNaughton/Reuters)</span> </div> <p><strong>The extent of the calamity also illustrates a more widespread global threat</strong>. Experts have warned for some time now about <a href="http://grist.org/climate-energy/houston-is-a-sitting-duck-for-the-next-big-hurricane-why-isnt-texas-ready/">the perils facing Houston</a>. But for every Houston or New Orleans, there are far more acute dangers facing teeming cities like Mumbai and Dhaka.</p> <p>As is always the case, it’s the poor who face the greatest brunt of the calamity. In Houston, many of those trapped amid rising floodwaters did not have the means or ability to evacuate. And, again, it’s far worse elsewhere: In South Asia over the weekend, surging flood waters that followed monsoon rains <a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/floods-kill-1200-india-nepal-bangladesh-170826230610924.html">killed more than 1,200 people</a>, many of whom were rural farmers cut off from rescue teams. A recent study by the Asian Development Bank <a href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/severe-climate-change-effect-on-asia-india-at-high-risk-of-flooding-study-1725022">found</a> that some 130 million people in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh could be at risk of being displaced by the end of the century as a result of climate change.</p> <p>If governments have been slow to react to the complex economic and political challenges of climate change, insurance companies are not waiting any longer. “There are more thunderstorms in parts of Europe and the United States than in past decades,” <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/storm-harvey-insurance-idUSL8N1LE3FY">said</a> Ernst Rauch, the head of Munich Re’s Corporate Climate Centre, which monitors climate change risks, to Reuters. “They are more severe. We will not necessarily see an increase in frequency, but we can see an increase in intensity. If we see this, we would have to adjust our risk premium.”</p> <p><strong>No matter the politics of the U.S. president, the reality of the moment is that climate change is going to be more and more the elephant in the room</strong>.</p> <p>“Our climate has been in a rough temperature equilibrium for about 10,000 years, while we developed agriculture and advanced civilization and Netflix,” <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/8/28/16213268/harvey-climate-change">explained</a> Vox’s David Roberts. “Now our climate is about to rocket out of that equilibrium, in what is, geologically speaking, the blink of an eye. We’re not sure exactly what’s going to happen, but we have a decent idea, and we know it’s going to be weird. With more heat energy in the system, everything’s going to get crazier — more heat waves, more giant rainstorms, more droughts, more floods.”</p> <p>And if the United States and others can’t come to grips with how to handle that “crazy,” the catastrophic scenes from Houston will almost certainly start to look more and more like the new normal.</p> <p><em>Want smart analysis of the most important news in your inbox every weekday along with other global reads, interesting ideas and opinions to know? <strong><a href="http://wapo.st/2ipDWPS">Sign up for the Today's WorldView newsletter</a></strong>.</em></p></article> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> <div id="fhITid1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fwPNqg1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> </div> <div class="chain-wrapper standard-chain in-chain border-bottom-hairline border-bottom-100-pct pb-layout-item pb-chain pb-c-standard-chain full" data-chain-name="no-name" id="c0kYeljq19XbJq"> <div class="chain-content no-skin clear"> <div id="f05nuI5q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fklCC82q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="f0Nvf6Kq19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fjcVV42q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fI9Lw02q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="f2nfP41q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-tools-feature-loader" moat-id="tools/feature-loader|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="comments-loader" data-feature-id="tools/feature-loader" data-pb-fingerprint="0fJ2pbXsipj" id="fZYQx92q19XbJq"> <div data-conditionsurl="/pb/resources/conditions/comments.json" data-contenturi="/pb/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/" class="feature-loader-config" style="display: none"></div> </div> <div id="fr5ZQ61q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="right-rail" class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-10 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex" moat-id="ad/flex|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex" data-pb-fingerprint="0fQ2pbXsipU" id="fA2cIx1q19XbJq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-" data-ad-type="flex_ss_bb_hp"></wp-ad> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd={};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd.sticky=true})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-twitter-timeline" moat-id="page/twitter-timeline|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/twitter-timeline" data-pb-fingerprint="0fYNlUWbJqA" id="f0Zfhobq19XbJq"> <div class="twitter-timeline-wrapper"> <div class="label-wrapper label-secondary-wrapper text-align-inherit "> <div class=" label label-normal label-primary" data-pb-field="custom.label" data-pb-placeholder="Label">Tweets by Heliograf</div><span class="label label-light label-small label-secondary" data-pb-field="custom.labelSecondary" data-pb-placeholder="Secondary label">from <a href="https://twitter.com/WPOlyBot">@WPOlyBot</a></span> </div> <wp-ad id="slug_twittermodule"></wp-ad> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/WPOlyBot" data-tweet-limit="3" data-chrome="noheader transparent" data-link-color="#1955a5"></a> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="fPEPPR1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="f0GTuPoq19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex-2" moat-id="ad/flex-2|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex-2" data-pb-fingerprint="0fl2pbXsip6" id="fiFPtm1q19XbJq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp_2" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-" data-ad-type-placeholder="flex_ss_bb_hp|2" data-ad-delivery="vi"></wp-ad> </div> <div id="fZAQ5f2q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fsfFC01q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fbamG71q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fakMlt1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex-3" moat-id="ad/flex-3|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex-3" data-pb-fingerprint="0fg2pbXsipb" id="fl7M3D1q19XbJq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp_3" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-"data-ad-type-placeholder="flex_ss_bb_hp|3" data-ad-delivery="vi"></wp-ad> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd3={};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd3.sticky=true})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-posttv-sticky-player-powa" moat-id="posttv/sticky-player-powa|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="posttv/sticky-player-powa" data-pb-fingerprint="0fYFM1NwoqZ" id="fQEEJO1q19XbJq"><div class="posttv-sticky-player-video pb-font-smoothing wpv-hidden"> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-exit"><span class="franklin-bold">Close</span><i class="fa fa-times"></i></div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-wrapper" id="posttv-sticky-player-wrapper"></div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-text wpv-hidden"> <div class="label label-normal">Now Playing</div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-caption pb-caption"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="bottom-content" class="col-xs-12 layout"><div id="f0IjG5Rq19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="bottom-furniture" class="col-xs-12 layout"> <div class="pb-container"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-tools-feature-loader" moat-id="tools/feature-loader|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="drawbridge-loader" data-feature-id="tools/feature-loader" data-pb-fingerprint="0frp188Hlqw" id="f00GOvLq19XbJq"> <script type="application/json" class="feature-loader-config">
          {
  "modal-adblock_v2-controlvar": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "controlvar"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Unblock ads",
            "buttonOneSubText": "",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Subscribe",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_1&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "button",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var1": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var1"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Subscribe now",
            "buttonOneSubText": "Only $1 for the first 4 weeks",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_2&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "button",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var2": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var2"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Subscribe now",
            "buttonOneSubText": "Only $1 for the first 4 weeks",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_3&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "underlined",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var3": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var3"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "See subscription plans",
            "buttonOneSubText": "",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_4&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Learn how to unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "underlined",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
        </script> </div> </div> <div id="fTsl9Z1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-clavis" moat-id="page/clavis|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/clavis" data-pb-fingerprint="0fx2pbXsipP" id="f8sUqK1q19XbJq"> <script>try{if(wp_meta_data){if(!wp_meta_data.clavis)wp_meta_data.clavis={};(function(){var clavisAuxs=[];var clavisAuxNames=[];var clavisKeywords=[];var clavisTopics=[];var clavisTopicsDFP=[];clavisAuxs.push("wkq");clavisAuxNames.push("Science,%20Health%20\x26%20Technology");clavisAuxs.push("v57");clavisAuxNames.push("Weather");clavisAuxs.push("wmp");clavisAuxNames.push("Disaster-natural");clavisAuxs.push("q12");clavisAuxNames.push("March%20Madness");clavisAuxs.push("eiz");clavisAuxNames.push("MS%20kws");
clavisAuxs.push("WKH");clavisAuxNames.push("Facebook kw");clavisAuxs.push("XHB");clavisAuxNames.push("cit kws");clavisAuxs.push("4y6");clavisAuxNames.push("Cvy%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("xyt");clavisAuxNames.push("food%20safety%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("8xg");clavisAuxNames.push("Asian%20Content");clavisAuxs.push("h1s");clavisAuxNames.push("Community%20Service");clavisAuxs.push("gno");clavisAuxNames.push("Space");clavisAuxs.push("l7l");clavisAuxNames.push("Ahld");clavisAuxs.push("fdv");clavisAuxNames.push("Lowes");
clavisAuxs.push("GQP");clavisAuxNames.push("intel kw");clavisAuxs.push("mq0");clavisAuxNames.push("Disaster-financial%20crisis");clavisAuxs.push("wtg");clavisAuxNames.push("Exxn%20neg%20v2");clavisAuxs.push("zhn");clavisAuxNames.push("Emissions");clavisAuxs.push("WC9");clavisAuxNames.push("Election%202016");clavisAuxs.push("4LR");clavisAuxNames.push("Healthcare - Sanofi - 11.9.17");clavisAuxs.push("5ex");clavisAuxNames.push("ConocoPhillips(test)");clavisAuxs.push("vat");clavisAuxNames.push("TV%20and%20Movies");
clavisAuxs.push("PKT");clavisAuxNames.push("bp kws");clavisAuxs.push("n95");clavisAuxNames.push("BofA%20Dashboard%20Auxiliary");clavisAuxs.push("7qn");clavisAuxNames.push("Citi%20Segment%20-%20Future%20Focused");clavisAuxs.push("DXM");clavisAuxNames.push("Solar Eclipse Content");clavisAuxs.push("81f");clavisAuxNames.push("smsg%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("IAM");clavisAuxNames.push("aig kws");clavisAuxs.push("QT4");clavisAuxNames.push("WstnKw");clavisAuxs.push("0KS");clavisAuxNames.push("Sub%3A%20Neutral");
clavisAuxs.push("7aq");clavisAuxNames.push("Sensitive%202");clavisAuxs.push("97K");clavisAuxNames.push("Travel%20TG");clavisAuxs.push("0PV");clavisAuxNames.push("Solar Eclipse");clavisAuxs.push("5k4");clavisAuxNames.push("China_HongKong%20Exclusion%2012-12-14");clavisAuxs.push("crl");clavisAuxNames.push("Horse%20Enthusiasts%204.13.15");clavisAuxs.push("IAJ");clavisAuxNames.push("New Auxiliary 460");clavisAuxs.push("11S");clavisAuxNames.push("citi kws");clavisAuxs.push("0GA");clavisAuxNames.push("BofA Audience 101017");
clavisAuxs.push("7nc");clavisAuxNames.push("emails%20-%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("5tv");clavisAuxNames.push("Disaster-human");clavisAuxs.push("zwn");clavisAuxNames.push("Murdoch%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("d77");clavisAuxNames.push("Environment%20and%20Nature");clavisAuxs.push("m42");clavisAuxNames.push("Boa-kws");clavisAuxs.push("8z8");clavisAuxNames.push("Sensitive1");clavisAuxs.push("7rl");clavisAuxNames.push("Icahn%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("BUM");clavisAuxNames.push("api kws");clavisAuxs.push("PI3");
clavisAuxNames.push("Agriculture/Food Production");clavisKeywords.push("climate");clavisKeywords.push("storm");clavisKeywords.push("Houston");clavisKeywords.push("houston");clavisKeywords.push("forecast");clavisKeywords.push("Texas");clavisKeywords.push("Harvey");clavisKeywords.push("increase");clavisKeywords.push("Mann");clavisKeywords.push("flood");clavisKeywords.push("landfall");clavisKeywords.push("inbox");clavisKeywords.push("weekday");clavisKeywords.push("equilibrium");clavisKeywords.push("texas");
clavisKeywords.push("hurricane");clavisKeywords.push("Cooper");clavisKeywords.push("building");clavisKeywords.push("calamity");clavisKeywords.push("climate change");clavisKeywords.push("Trump");clavisKeywords.push("event");clavisKeywords.push("analysis");clavisKeywords.push("temperature");clavisKeywords.push("levee");clavisKeywords.push("idea");clavisKeywords.push("superlative");clavisKeywords.push("opinion");clavisKeywords.push("blink");clavisKeywords.push("deluge");clavisKeywords.push("Hurricane Harvey");
clavisKeywords.push("Hurricane");clavisKeywords.push("hurricane harvey");clavisKeywords.push("Brock");clavisKeywords.push("model");clavisKeywords.push("change");clavisKeywords.push("consequence");clavisKeywords.push("administration");clavisKeywords.push("mobilization");clavisKeywords.push("news");clavisKeywords.push("William");clavisKeywords.push("moisture");clavisKeywords.push("united");clavisKeywords.push("rainstorm");clavisKeywords.push("floodwater");clavisKeywords.push("today");clavisKeywords.push("specter");
clavisKeywords.push("southwest");clavisKeywords.push("downpour");clavisKeywords.push("Long");clavisKeywords.push("Centre");clavisKeywords.push("trump");clavisKeywords.push("WorldView");clavisKeywords.push("worldview newsletter");clavisKeywords.push("WorldView newsletter");clavisKeywords.push("rain");clavisKeywords.push("Vox");clavisKeywords.push("brunt");clavisKeywords.push("University");clavisKeywords.push("flooding");clavisKeywords.push("magnitude");clavisKeywords.push("rainfall");clavisKeywords.push("emergency");
clavisKeywords.push("elephant");clavisKeywords.push("Mumbai");clavisKeywords.push("administrator");clavisKeywords.push("Dhaka");clavisKeywords.push("peril");clavisKeywords.push("ten");clavisKeywords.push("intensity");clavisKeywords.push("Netflix");clavisKeywords.push("frequency");clavisKeywords.push("civilization");clavisKeywords.push("rocket");clavisKeywords.push("risk");clavisKeywords.push("agriculture");clavisKeywords.push("atmosphere");clavisKeywords.push("thunderstorm");clavisKeywords.push("sea");
clavisKeywords.push("drought");clavisKeywords.push("ocean");clavisKeywords.push("volunteer");clavisKeywords.push("heat");clavisKeywords.push("part");clavisKeywords.push("city");clavisKeywords.push("grip");clavisKeywords.push("Bangladesh");clavisKeywords.push("harvey");clavisKeywords.push("Pakistan");clavisKeywords.push("relief");clavisKeywords.push("farmer");clavisKeywords.push("coast");clavisKeywords.push("phenomenon");clavisKeywords.push("States");clavisKeywords.push("wind");clavisKeywords.push("water");
clavisKeywords.push("extent");clavisKeywords.push("funding");clavisKeywords.push("United");clavisKeywords.push("means");clavisKeywords.push("influence");clavisKeywords.push("people");clavisKeywords.push("Reuters");clavisKeywords.push("India");clavisKeywords.push("thousand");clavisKeywords.push("focus");clavisKeywords.push("danger");clavisKeywords.push("America");clavisKeywords.push("movement");clavisKeywords.push("century");clavisKeywords.push("agency");clavisKeywords.push("foot");clavisKeywords.push("impact");
clavisKeywords.push("expert");clavisKeywords.push("newsletter");clavisKeywords.push("Louisiana");clavisKeywords.push("reality");clavisKeywords.push("america");clavisKeywords.push("disaster assistance");clavisKeywords.push("louisiana");clavisKeywords.push("study");clavisKeywords.push("claim");clavisKeywords.push("death");clavisKeywords.push("authority");clavisKeywords.push("director");clavisKeywords.push("government");clavisKeywords.push("ability");clavisKeywords.push("eye");clavisKeywords.push("politics");
clavisKeywords.push("war");clavisKeywords.push("weekend");clavisKeywords.push("program");clavisKeywords.push("threat");clavisKeywords.push("scene");clavisKeywords.push("Brazos River");clavisKeywords.push("River");clavisKeywords.push("Brazos");clavisKeywords.push("brazos river");clavisKeywords.push("Uccellini");clavisKeywords.push("national weather service");clavisKeywords.push("us government official");clavisKeywords.push("louis w uccellini");clavisKeywords.push("Louis W Uccellini");clavisKeywords.push("room");
clavisKeywords.push("challenge");clavisKeywords.push("comment");clavisKeywords.push("Europe");clavisKeywords.push("Bend");clavisKeywords.push("Emergency");clavisKeywords.push("fort bend county judge robert hebert");clavisKeywords.push("brock");clavisKeywords.push("statement monday");clavisKeywords.push("Fort");clavisKeywords.push("william");clavisKeywords.push("Hebert");clavisKeywords.push("federal emergency management agency");clavisKeywords.push("Fort Bend County Judge Robert Hebert");clavisKeywords.push("design specification");
clavisKeywords.push("insurance");clavisKeywords.push("system");clavisKeywords.push("everything");clavisKeywords.push("greenhouse gas trapping heat");clavisKeywords.push("storm condition");clavisKeywords.push("recovery effort");clavisKeywords.push("matter");clavisKeywords.push("moment");clavisKeywords.push("storm surge");clavisKeywords.push("colleague chris mooney");clavisKeywords.push("Mooney");clavisKeywords.push("home");clavisKeywords.push("mann");clavisKeywords.push("Pennsylvania climate scientist Michael Mann");
clavisKeywords.push("pennsylvania climate scientist michael mann");clavisKeywords.push("most hurricane");clavisKeywords.push("warm");clavisKeywords.push("paris accord");clavisKeywords.push("climate skepticism");clavisKeywords.push("president trump");clavisKeywords.push("Paris accord");clavisKeywords.push("planet warm");clavisKeywords.push("Weather");clavisKeywords.push("area");clavisKeywords.push("US government official");clavisKeywords.push("climate science");clavisKeywords.push("columnist ryan cooper");
clavisKeywords.push("Obama executive order");clavisKeywords.push("flood insurance");clavisKeywords.push("cooper");clavisKeywords.push("flood level");clavisKeywords.push("Ryan Cooper");clavisKeywords.push("obama executive order");clavisKeywords.push("head");clavisKeywords.push("Orleans");clavisKeywords.push("new orleans");clavisKeywords.push("mumbai");clavisKeywords.push("dhaka");clavisKeywords.push("india");clavisKeywords.push("south asia");clavisKeywords.push("pakistan");clavisKeywords.push("greatest brunt");
clavisKeywords.push("asian development bank");clavisKeywords.push("Asian Development Bank");clavisKeywords.push("bangladesh");clavisKeywords.push("result");clavisKeywords.push("Ernst Rauch");clavisKeywords.push("Rauch");clavisKeywords.push("munich re");clavisKeywords.push("Munich Re");clavisKeywords.push("europe");clavisKeywords.push("ernst rauch");clavisKeywords.push("risk premium");clavisKeywords.push("climate centre");clavisKeywords.push("climate change risk");clavisKeywords.push("reuters");clavisKeywords.push("us president");
clavisKeywords.push("vox");clavisKeywords.push("temperature equilibrium");clavisKeywords.push("David Roberts");clavisKeywords.push("netflix");clavisKeywords.push("david roberts");clavisKeywords.push("heat energy");clavisKeywords.push("state");clavisKeywords.push("decade");clavisKeywords.push("Agency");clavisKeywords.push("Louis");clavisKeywords.push("United States");clavisKeywords.push("Management");clavisKeywords.push("specification");clavisKeywords.push("greenhouse");clavisKeywords.push("long");
clavisKeywords.push("Chris Mooney");clavisKeywords.push("Judge");clavisKeywords.push("trapping");clavisKeywords.push("Federal Emergency Management Agency");clavisKeywords.push("Service");clavisKeywords.push("Federal");clavisKeywords.push("scientist");clavisKeywords.push("something");clavisKeywords.push("flood water");clavisKeywords.push("government subsidy");clavisKeywords.push("end");clavisKeywords.push("decision");clavisKeywords.push("Munich");clavisKeywords.push("weather event");clavisKeywords.push("rescue team");
clavisKeywords.push("number");clavisKeywords.push("monsoon");clavisKeywords.push("climate scientist");clavisKeywords.push("Robert");clavisKeywords.push("case");clavisKeywords.push("National Weather Service");clavisKeywords.push("Asian");clavisKeywords.push("National");clavisKeywords.push("monsoon rain");clavisKeywords.push("sea level");clavisKeywords.push("University of Pennsylvania");clavisKeywords.push("South Asia");clavisKeywords.push("Ernst");clavisKeywords.push("Bank");clavisKeywords.push("Chris");
clavisKeywords.push("President Trump");clavisKeywords.push("heat wave");clavisKeywords.push("Development");clavisKeywords.push("County");clavisKeywords.push("Michael");clavisKeywords.push("disaster");clavisKeywords.push("US president");clavisKeywords.push("accord");clavisKeywords.push("insurance company");clavisKeywords.push("Roberts");clavisKeywords.push("columnist");clavisKeywords.push("subsidy");clavisKeywords.push("skepticism");clavisKeywords.push("rescue");clavisKeywords.push("President");clavisKeywords.push("New Orleans");
clavisKeywords.push("South");clavisKeywords.push("design");clavisKeywords.push("level");clavisKeywords.push("premium");clavisKeywords.push("way");clavisKeywords.push("David");clavisKeywords.push("Ryan");clavisKeywords.push("planet");clavisKeywords.push("surge");clavisKeywords.push("gas");clavisKeywords.push("recovery");clavisKeywords.push("New");clavisKeywords.push("university");clavisKeywords.push("science");clavisKeywords.push("weather");clavisKeywords.push("Paris");clavisKeywords.push("assistance");
clavisKeywords.push("wave");clavisKeywords.push("Pennsylvania");clavisKeywords.push("Asia");clavisKeywords.push("week");clavisKeywords.push("colleague");clavisKeywords.push("executive");clavisKeywords.push("energy");clavisKeywords.push("Obama");clavisKeywords.push("condition");clavisKeywords.push("order");clavisKeywords.push("official");clavisKeywords.push("effort");clavisKeywords.push("president");clavisKeywords.push("statement");clavisKeywords.push("team");clavisKeywords.push("company");clavisKeywords.push("time");
clavisTopics.push("Weather");clavisTopicsDFP.push("df");clavisTopics.push("Environment and Nature");clavisTopicsDFP.push("rv");wp_meta_data.clavis.auxiliaries=clavisAuxs;wp_meta_data.clavis.auxiliary_names=clavisAuxNames;wp_meta_data.clavis.ct=clavisTopicsDFP;wp_meta_data.clavis.topics=clavisTopics;wp_meta_data.clavis.keywords=clavisKeywords.slice(0,25)})()}}catch(e){};</script> </div> <div id="fZKM4P1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fovgTi1q19XbJq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-bi-abtest" moat-id="bi/abtest|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="bi/abtest" data-pb-fingerprint="0f32pbXsipq" id="fHC32j1q19XbJq"> <script id="_$wapodarwintoolkitcode">!function(){(function(e,t){function a(e){return function(t,a,n){if(a)e[t]={when:function(){try{return a.call(e[t])}catch(e){return console&&console.warn('[when()@VisitorSegment("'+t+'")]',"Continuing despite error.",e),null}},setup:function(){try{return n.call(e[t])}catch(e){return console&&console.warn('[setup()@VisitorSegment("'+t+'")]',"Continuing despite error.",e),null}}},n&&(e[t]._setupResult=!!e[t].call(e[t]));else if(e[t])return e[t].when.call(e[t],e[t]._setupResult)}}function n(){var e=navigator.userAgent;
return!!(e.match(/Android/i)||e.match(/webOS/i)||e.match(/iPhone/i)||e.match(/iPad/i)||e.match(/iPod/i)||e.match(/BlackBerry/i)||e.match(/Kindle/i)||e.match(/Windows Phone/i)||e.match(/IEMobile/i))}function i(e){var t=localStorage.getItem("_vsData")||"{}";return JSON.parse(t)[e]}function r(e,t){var a=localStorage.getItem("_vsData")||"{}",a=JSON.parse(a);a[e]=t,t=JSON.stringify(a),localStorage.removeItem("_vsData"),localStorage.setItem("_vsData",t)}var o=e._vsdata=e._vsdata||{},s=function(e,t,n){return a(o).call(this,
e,t,n)};s.clone=function(e){var t;if(e)if(null===o||"object"!=typeof o)t=o;else{e=o.constructor();for(t in o)o.hasOwnProperty(t)&&(e[t]=o[t]);t=e}else t=o;return a(t)};var c={};s.resolve=function(e,t){c[e]||(c[e]=[]),setTimeout(function(){c[e].resolved=!0,c[e].argsobj=t;var a,n,i=c[e];for(n=0;i.length,a=i[n];n++)a.fn(t)},0)},s.done=function(e,t){e&&t&&(c[e]||(c[e]=[]),c[e].resolved?t(c[e].argsobj):"function"==typeof t&&c[e].push({fn:t}))},s.Deferred=function(e){this.done=function(t){s.done(e,t)},
this.resolve=function(t){s.resolve(e,t)}},s("desktop",function(){return!n()}),s("!mobile",function(){return!s("mobile")}),s("mobile",function(){return n()}),s("touch",function(){return!!("ontouchstart"in e)}),s("!touch",function(){return!s("touch")}),s("first_visit",function(){var e=i("first_time_start"),t=i("first_time_end");return e&&!t&&18E5<=(new Date).getTime()-(new Date(e)).getTime()?(r("first_time_end",!0),!1):e?!t:(r("first_time_start",(new Date).getTime()),!0)}),e.VisitorSegment=s})(window),
function(e,t,a){function i(e,t){function n(e){this.$dw=i,this.length=0,this._add=function(e,t){var a=t.length;return p.each(e,function(e,n){t[a+e]=n,t.length++}),t},this._add(e,this),this.toArray=function(){var e=[];for(var t in this)this[t]instanceof i.Variant&&e.push(this[t]);return e}}this._id=a,this._config={},this._testData={},this._ignoreBlacklist=a,this._state="uninitialized",this._handlers=[],this._dispatches={},this._id=e||this._id,this._visitor=t||new this.Visitor({},n),f[this._id]=this,
this._handlers=v[this._id]||this._handlers,n.prototype=this.$plugins;var i=this;this._makeResult=function(e){var t=e||[];return t.constructor!==Array&&(t=[t]),new n(t)}}function r(e,t,a,i){var r=[];return p.each(t,function(e,t){var a=t.customOptions,i="";if(a)for(n in a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(i+=[n,a[n]].join("\x3d"));r.push(t.name+i)}),[e,r.sort().join(""),!!a,i].join("")}function o(e,t,a){var n;return p.each(e,function(e,i){if(i[t]==a)return n=i,!1}),n}function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("invalid name");
return e.toLowerCase()}function c(e){return{name:"Dw__"+e,visit:"Dw__"+e+"__visit",blacklisted:"Dw__"+e+"__blstd",compute:"Dw__"+e+"__cmpted",hash:"Dw__"+e+"__hash",phash:"Dw__"+e+"__phash"}}function l(){return Math.random(0,1)}function m(e,t,a){return e>=t&&e<=a}function d(e,t){var a,n={};for(a in e[t])"boolean"==typeof e[t][a]&&(n[a]=!!e[t][a]);return n}function u(t){var a,n,i,r=t||{},o=0,s=[];for(n in r)i=e(n),i=i&&i.constructor==Boolean,i&&s.push(n),r.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(a=a||!!r[n]&&!!i,r[n]&&
o++);return{match:s,value:!(0!==o?!a:1==Object.keys(r).length)}}var p={each:function(e,t){for(var a,n=0;n<e.length&&("boolean"!=typeof(a=t(n,e[n]))||a);n++);},remove:function(e,t){return t>-1&&e.splice(t,1),e},addClass:function(e,t){e.classList.add(t)},removeClass:function(e,t){e.classList.remove(t)}},v={};if(t._dw&&t._dw.constructor===Array){for(var h=0;h<t._dw.length;h++)v[t._dw[h][0]]||(v[t._dw[h][0]]=[]),v[t._dw[h][0]].push(t._dw[h].slice(1,t._dw[h].length));t._dw.$plugins&&(i.prototype.$plugins=
t._dw.$plugins)}var f={};t._dw=i,i.prototype.collections=function(e){if(!e)return this._collections;this._collections=e},i.prototype.init=function(){function e(){t.applyData.call(t,t.collections.call(t)),"initialized"!=t._state&&t.dispatch.call(t,"ready"),t._state="initialized",t.dispatch.call(t,"init")}this.disabled=!this.collections(),this.dispatch("before");var t=this;this.deferSegments()?this.push(["segments-done",e]):e()},i.prototype.config=function(e){this._config.trackValueDelimiter=e.trackValueDelimiter,
this._config.deferSegments=e.deferSegments,this.collections(e.collections||[])},i.prototype.version=function(){return"2.0.0"},i.prototype.id=function(){return this._id},i.prototype.push=function(e){this._dispatches[e[0]]&&e[1]&&e[1](this,this._dispatches[e[0]]?this._dispatches[e[0]].data:a),this._handlers.push(e)},i.prototype.dispatch=function(e,t){var a=this;this._dispatches[e]={ts:(new Date).getTime(),data:t},this._handlers.length&&p.each(this._handlers,function(t,n){n[0]==e&&n[1]&&n[1](a,a._dispatches[e].data)})},
i.prototype.state=function(){return this._state},i.prototype.trackValueDelimiter=function(){return this._config.trackValueDelimiter},i.prototype.deferSegments=function(){return this._config.deferSegments},i.prototype.applyData=function(e){var t;this.disabled||!this._detectLocalStorage()||this._isOptOut()||(t=this._datastore={tests:[]},this._ignoreBlacklist=this._getLocalItem("Dw__ib"),p.each(e||[],function(e,a){"boolean"!=typeof a.disabled||a.disabled||Array.prototype.push.apply(t.tests,a.tests)}),
this.collection(t))},i.prototype.collection=function(e){function t(e){if(!e.name)throw new Error("missing name");var t=new this.Test(e,this);switch(0==Object.keys(t).length&&t.constructor==Object||(this._testData[e.name]=t),t.state){case "registered":this.dispatch("variant-register",e.name);break;case "deregistered":this.dispatch("variant-deregister",e.name);break;case "persisted":this.dispatch("variant-persist",e.name)}return this.dispatch("variant-done",e.name),t}var a,n=this,i=[],r=[];e.disabled||
(a=e.tests||[],p.each(a,function(e,t){t["x-linked"]?i.push(t):r.push(t)}),p.each(i,function(e,a){if(a=t.call(n,a),a.variation&&a.variation.run)return!1}),p.each(r,function(e,a){t.call(n,a)}))},i.prototype.ignoreBlacklist=function(e){e?(this._ignoreBlacklist="yes",this._setLocalItem("Dw__ib","yes")):(this._ignoreBlacklist=a,this._removeLocalItem("Dw__ib"))},i.prototype.optOut=function(){this._setLocalItem("Dw__OO","yes")},i.prototype.getVariant=function(e,t,n){function i(e){var a=!r.disabled&&r._testData[e]||
{},n=a.variation||new r.Variant(a,r);return t||!a.variation||n.historic||(n.historic=!0),n}var r=this;if("."==e[0])return this.$commands[e].call(this);e=e.constructor!==Array?[e]:e;var o=[];return p.each(e,function(e,t){var n=r.getTest(t),s=r._testData[t],c=s&&s.variation?s.variation.historic:a;r._testData[t]=new r.Test(n._originalData,r),r._testData[t].variation&&(r._testData[t].variation.historic=c),o.push(i(t))}),n?o:this._makeResult(o)},i.prototype.use=function(e){this.getVariant(e,!1,!1)},i.prototype.get=
function(e){return this.getVariant(e,!1,!1)},i.prototype.getTestOf=function(e){return e.getTest()},i.prototype.getToolkitOf=function(e){return e.getToolkit()},i.prototype.set=function(e,t){var a=f[this.id()];a&&0==this.find({name:e,run:!0}).length&&(a._mset=a._mset||{},a._mset[e]={},a._mset[e][t]=!0)},i.prototype.$commands={".get_history":function(){return this.find({historic:!0})}},i.prototype.segment=e,i.prototype.find=function(e){var t=this,a=e||{},n=[];return p.each(this.collections(),function(e,
i){p.each(i.tests,function(e,i){var r=0,o=t.getVariant(i.name,!0,!0)[0];for(var s in a)a[s]instanceof RegExp?(a[s].test(i[s])||"string"==typeof o.name&&a[s].test(o[s]))&&r++:(i[s]===a[s]||"string"==typeof o.name&&o[s]===a[s])&&r++;r==Object.keys(a).length&&n.push(o)})}),this._makeResult(n)},i.prototype.clear=function(){delete f[this.id()]._mset;var e=this;p.each(this.collections(),function(t,a){p.each(a.tests,function(t,a){e._deregisterVariant(a.name)})})},i.prototype.$handlers={applyClass:function(e,
t,a){p.removeClass(this,"dw-not-loaded"),p.addClass(this,"dw-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+e)}},i.prototype.applyClass=function(e,t,a){var n=function(e){var t=e.split(".");return{test:t[0],variant:t[1]}}(t),i=this.getVariant(n.test),r=i.is(n.variant);n.test&&n.variant&&(this.$handlers.applyClass.call(e,r,n.test,n.variant),a&&a.call(e,r,n.test,n.variant))},i.prototype.$plugins=i.prototype.$plugins||{},i.prototype.$plugins.add=function(e){return e="string"==typeof e?this.$dw.getVariant(e):e,this.$dw._makeResult(this._add(e,
this)),this},i.prototype.$plugins.is=function(e){function t(e,t){return!!e&&e===t.name}var a=!!this.length;return p.each(this,function(n,i){t(e,i)||(a=!1)}),a},i.prototype.$plugins.clear=function(e){var t=this.$dw;p.each(this,function(e,a){t._deregisterVariant(a.$tc.name)})},i.prototype.$plugins.has=function(e){function t(e,t){return!!e&&e===t.name}var a=!1;return p.each(this,function(n,i){t(e,i)&&(a=!0)}),a},i.prototype.$plugins.toTrackVar=function(e,t,a){function n(e,a){if(a.trackvars){var n=[],
i=e||(a.trackvars[0]?a.trackvars[0].name:"");return p.each(a.trackvars,function(e,t){s(i)===s(t.name)&&n.push(t.value)}),(n=n.join(o))&&(t?t+o:"")+n}}var i=this.$dw,r=[],o=a||i.trackValueDelimiter();return p.each(this,function(t,a){var i=n(e,a);i&&r.push(i)}),r.join(o)},i.prototype.$plugins.getTrackVar=i.prototype.$plugins.toTrackVar,i.prototype._deregisterVariant=function(e){var t=c(e);this._removeLocalItem(t.name),this._removeLocalItem(t.visit),this._removeLocalItem(t.blacklisted),this._removeLocalItem(t.compute),
this._removeLocalItem(t.hash),this._removeLocalItem(t.phash)},i.prototype._detectLocalStorage=function(){var e="_adwi_";try{return this._setLocalItem(e,e),this._removeLocalItem(e),!0}catch(e){return!1}},i.prototype._isOptOut=function(){return"yes"==this._getLocalItem("Dw__OO")},i.prototype._removeLocalItem=function(e){var t=[e,this.id()].join("|");localStorage.removeItem(t)},i.prototype._getLocalItem=function(e){var t=[e,this.id()].join("|");try{return localStorage.getItem(t)}catch(e){return null}},
i.prototype._setLocalItem=function(e,t){var n=[e,this.id()].join("|");this._getLocalItem(n)&&this._removeLocalItem(n);try{return localStorage.setItem(n,t)}catch(e){return a}},i.prototype.getTest=function(e){return this._testData[e]||new this.Test({},this)},i.prototype.visitor=function(){return this._visitor},i.prototype.Visitor=function(e,t){this.has=function(e){function a(e){var t=e instanceof i.prototype.Variant?e.getTest():e||{};return"registered"==t.state||"persisted"==t.state}var n;return t&&
e instanceof t?p.each(e.toArray(),function(e,t){if(!(n=a(t)))return!1}):n=a(e),n}},i.prototype.Variant=function(e,t){var a=e||{};this.nocollect=!a.collect,this.historic=a.historic||!1,this.run=a.run||!1;var n=a.variation||{};this.getTest=function(){return t.getTest(a.name)},this.name=n.name||"",this.trackvars=n.track||[],this.customOptions=n.customOptions||{}},i.prototype.Test=function(e,t){var n=e.name||"",i=c(n),r=e.increment||0,o=e.variations||[],s=e["x-persist"]||!1,l=e.blacklist&&e.blacklist.referrers||
[],m="yes"==t._getLocalItem(i.blacklisted),p={domains:l,segment:d(e,"segment")};this._originalData=e,this.data=function(e,t){if(t==a)return this._originalData[e];this._originalData[e]=t},this.getToolkit=function(){return t};var v=u(p.segment);this.segments=p.segment?v.match:[];var h=!!p.segment&&v.value;m||t._getLocalItem(i.blacklisted)||(m=t._isBlacklisted(p.domains)||!h,t._setLocalItem(i.blacklisted,m?"yes":"no"));var f=!!o.length,_=o.length&&new t.Variant(t._registerVariant(n,o,m,r,h,s),t);this.name=
n,f&&e.active&&!_.nocollect&&(this.variation=_);var y=f&&e.active?e.defaultTrack:[];m&&Array.prototype.push.apply(y,e.blacklist?e.blacklist.track:[]),(y.length&&_.nocollect||!f||!_||!h)&&(this.variation=new t.Variant({name:n,variation:{track:h?y:[]}},t)),f&&_&&h?_&&_.run?this.state="registered":this.state="persisted":(t._deregisterVariant(n),this.state="deregistered")},i.prototype._registerVariant=function(e,t,a,n,i,s){var d=c(e),u={cur:s?r(e,[],!1,n):r(e,t,a,n),old:s?this._getLocalItem(d.phash):
this._getLocalItem(d.hash)},v=this._getLocalItem(d.name),h="yes"==this._getLocalItem(d.visit),_="yes"==this._getLocalItem(d.compute),y=function(e,t){var e=parseFloat(e.customOptions.target),t=parseFloat(t.customOptions.target);return e<t?-1:e>t?1:0},g=f[this.id()],k=o(t,"name",v),b=!(!i||(_||a||"string"==typeof v||k)&&(!_||u.cur==u.old));if(b)if(g._mset&&g._mset[e])p.each(t,function(t,a){g._mset[e][a.name]&&(k=a)});else{t.sort(y);var w=[],L=0,x=0;p.each(t,function(e,t){var a=t.customOptions&&t.customOptions.target;
if(a){a=parseFloat(a)/100,L+=a;var n={value:[x,L]};x+=a,w.push(n)}});var O=l();p.each(w,function(e,t){m(O,t.value[0],t.value[1])&&(v=e)}),k=t[v]}k?this._setLocalItem(d.name,k.name):this._setLocalItem(d.name,"_default"),this._setLocalItem(d.visit,"yes"),this._setLocalItem(d.compute,"yes"),this._setLocalItem(d.hash,u.cur),this._setLocalItem(d.phash,u.cur);var C=k&&(!a||h)&&{name:e,variation:k,collect:!0};return C||(C={name:e}),C.run=b,C},i.prototype._isBlacklisted=function(e){function t(e){return e.replace(/\./g,
"\\.").replace(/\-/g,"\\-")}function a(e){var a=new RegExp("^(http://)?(www\\.)?"+t(e),"gi");return!e&&!document.referrer||(e&&document.referrer.match(a)||[]).length>0}var n,i=e||[];return this._ignoreBlacklist||p.each(i,function(e,t){return!(n=a(t))}),n},e("darwin-toolkit:v2.0.0",function(){return!0}),t._dw.push=function(e){f[e[0]]?(f[e[0]]._dispatches[e[1]]&&e[2]&&e[2](f[e[0]]),f[e[0]]._handlers.push(e.slice(1,e.length))):(v[e[0]]||(v[e[0]]=[]),v[e[0]].push(e.slice(1,e.length)))},t._dw}(VisitorSegment,
this),function(e){var t=new e("global"),a={};a.trackValueDelimiter=",",a.deferSegments=!0,a.collections=[{name:"recommendation",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"recommendation-influencersexperiments",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:2,segment:{},_token:"107657",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"10"},name:"influencers",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:influencers"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:influencers"},
{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"}]}]},{name:"article",
disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"article-mostReadOpinion",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"e1236d",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion-e1236d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion-e1236d"}]},{name:"article-oneClickNL",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1",
"x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{"not logged in mobile":!0},_token:"60e020",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"visual",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:visual"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:visual"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"oneClick",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClick"},{name:"prop56",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClick"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"oneClickAlt",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClickAlt"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClickAlt"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{name:"article-breakingnews",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{desktop:!0},_token:"3d7545",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"34"},name:"nobreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:nobreakingnews"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:nobreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},{customOptions:{target:"33"},name:"sectionbreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:sectionbreakingnews"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:sectionbreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"33"},name:"allbreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:allbreakingnews"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:allbreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},{name:"article-mostReadNum",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"c331cb",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"ten",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:ten"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:ten"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"}]},{name:"article-curatedContent",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:1,segment:{},_token:"7d2dac",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledhpfirst",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhpfirst"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhpfirst"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledprfirst",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledprfirst"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledprfirst"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledhponly",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhponly"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhponly"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,
value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]}]},{name:"modal",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"modal-adblock_v1",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:6,segment:{adblock_generic:!0},_token:"61f727",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"95"},name:"enabled",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:enabled"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:enabled"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"}]},{name:"modal-adblock_v2",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"1",increment:0,segment:{adblock_generic:!0},_token:"275edf",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var1",
track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var1"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var1"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var2",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var2"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var2"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var3",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var3"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var3"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"controlvar",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:controlvar"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:controlvar"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]}]},{name:"video",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"video-adtimeout",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:3,segment:{},_token:"397458",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"10"},
name:"8s",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:8s"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:8s"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"}]}]},{name:"upgrade",
disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"upgrade-teaser",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:2,segment:{},_token:"b68e2b",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser-b68e2b"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser-b68e2b"}]},{name:"upgrade-toolkit_v110",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},
_token:"fe334d",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"variant_1",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:variant_1"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:variant_1"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,
value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"}]},{name:"upgrade-remindmelater",active:!0,"x-persist":!1,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:1,segment:{},_token:"6270be",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"100"},name:"remindmelater",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:remindmelater"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:remindmelater"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"},{name:"prop56",
dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"}]}]},{name:"nav",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"nav-homeLink",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{desktop:!0},_token:"51c40b",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink-51c40b"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink-51c40b"}]},{name:"nav-notiJewel",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"4e2542",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"jewel",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:jewel"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:jewel"},{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"}]}]}],t.config(a),this.__dwCallback__?this.__dwCallback__(t):t.init()}(this._dw)}();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate- pb-f-async- pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-contextual-linking" moat-id="page/contextual-linking|world" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="contextual-linking" data-feature-id="page/contextual-linking" data-pb-fingerprint="0fMegYltHq2" id="f0e0ABeq19XbJq"> <script>try{if(wp_meta_data){if(!wp_meta_data.contextualLinking)wp_meta_data.contextualLinking={};(function(){wp_meta_data.contextualLinking.matches=[]})()}}catch(e){};</script> </div> </div></section> <div class="pb-container"> </div></div> <script>ResourceBundle.when("pb-r-identity").then(function(){window.TWP&&TWP.Analytics&&TWP.Analytics.init({trackScrolling:{omniture:false},snowflake:true,suppressTrackPageLoad:!wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated()?true:false})});</script> <noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005617&cv=2.0&cj=1"/></noscript> <noscript><img src="//me.effectivemeasure.net/em_image" alt="" style="position:absolute; left:-5px;"/></noscript> <script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/load_async/8a2dfd536e.js?_\x3d5b7df");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/headjs/8bb9d8351d.js?_\x3d69d73");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/head.js?_\x3d3cf7d");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/hi-pri-js/e7f066f51e.js?_\x3d3b73d");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/hi-pri-render.js?_\x3d3cf7d");
pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/js/23cef797d0.js?_\x3dc0d52");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/render.js?_\x3d3cf7d");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/instance.js?_\x3d3cf7d");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/after_features/7dfb557743.js?_\x3dafb63");pbDeferredScripts.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/utils/setRplamprCookie.js");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rswdNi1q19XbJq/after_features/96e0186d35.js?_\x3dafb63");
wp_import(pbDeferredScripts).always(function(){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pb-r-defer-js"))})});</script> <script>(function(){if("__twpCookieMonster__"in document)document.__twpCookieMonster__.ommNom()})();</script> <script>ResourceBundle.processInlineScripts();</script> <script>window.pbThirdPartyScripts=window.pbThirdPartyScripts||new Array;</script> <script>window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){});
window.addEventListener("load",function(){function applyTwitter(){try{var $tweetAuthors=$(".tweet-authors");var $tweetTimelines=$(".twitter-timeline");if((!!$tweetAuthors.length||!!$tweetTimelines.length)&&(!window.twttr||!twttr.widgets))$.ajax({dataType:"script",cache:true,url:"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js",success:function(data){if(!!$tweetAuthors.length)$tweetAuthors.find(".pb-twitter-follow.unprocessed").removeClass("unprocessed")}})}catch(e){}}if(wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated())applyTwitter();
__e.push(["shamble:end",function(){applyTwitter()}]);try{$("body").append('\x3cimg src\x3d"https://amplifypixel.outbrain.com/pixel?mid\x3d00bb70a80ee8f020d9011cbcef307fe64d"\x3e')}catch(e){}wp_import(pbThirdPartyScripts).always(function(){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pb-r-third-party-js"))})});</script> <script>window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbFootResourceGroups=window.pbFootResourceGroups||new Array;pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"hi-pri-js","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/default-hi-pri.js?_\x3d3b73d");pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"hi-pri-render.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"js","fileType":"js"});
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/iabc/iabc-cookie.js?_\x3dd47ff");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/service-worker-registration.js?_\x3d8fdcf");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/condition-manager.min.js?_\x3db59fb");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/conditions.js?_\x3ddc047");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/moment.min.js?_\x3db8874");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/inline-content.js?_\x3df60bb");
pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"render.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"instance.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"after_features","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/default-after-features.js?_\x3da3d2d");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/private-browsing.js?_\x3d84392");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/utils/setRplamprCookie.js");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/article-layout-after-features.js?_\x3db126f");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/abtests/segments.js?_\x3d9d2a3");pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"content_type_blog","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"third_party","fileType":"js"});</script> </body> </html><script>
  var _uri = "/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/29/hurricane-harvey-and-the-inevitable-question-of-climate-change/"
  var _context = "/pb"
  var _outputType = "default-article"
  var _rid = "rswdNi1q19XbJq"
  //polyfill
String.prototype.endsWith||Object.defineProperty(String.prototype,"endsWith",{value:function(t,e){var n=this.toString();(void 0===e||e>n.length)&&(e=n.length),e-=t.length;var r=n.indexOf(t,e);return-1!==r&&r===e}});
/* Async loader code here */
window.pageBuilder = window.pageBuilder || {};

window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded =  window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded || function(){};
window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded = window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded || function(chain,apiResponse){
        var d = window.document;
        for (var i = 0; i < apiResponse.featureIds.length; i++) {
            var f = d.getElementById(apiResponse.featureIds[i]);
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(f);
        }
    };
window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature = window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature || function (element) {
        if(!element.parentElement) return false;
        var parent = element.parentElement;
        if (parent.className && parent.className.split(' ').indexOf("pb-feature")>=0) return true;
        return window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature(parent);
    };
window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts = window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts || function(s){eval(s)};

window.pageBuilder._getJson = window.pageBuilder._getJson || function(url, success, failure) {
    var xmlhttp;
    failure = failure|| function () {};
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else {
        xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
            if(xmlhttp.status == 200){
                try {
                    success.call(null, JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText));
                } catch (e) {
                    failure.call(null, xmlhttp, e)
                }
            } else  {
                failure.call(null, xmlhttp);
            }
        }
    };
    xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
    xmlhttp.send();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectFeatureDom(id, featureRendering) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = featureRendering.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = featureRendering.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/feature/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectFeatureDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectChainDom(id, apiResponse) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = apiResponse.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = apiResponse.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded(element,apiResponse);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/chain/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectChainDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var scriptsToAdd = [];
        var featuresLoaded = [];
        function injectAsyncFeatures(apiResp){
            for(var fid in apiResp){
                if (!apiResp.hasOwnProperty(fid)) continue;

                var element = d.getElementById(fid);
                var resources = apiResp[fid].pageResources || {};
                element.outerHTML = apiResp[fid].rendering;
                element = d.getElementById(fid); //update the element
                var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
                for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                    if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                        var s = d.createElement("script");
                        s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                        d.body.appendChild(s);
                    }
                    else {
                        window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                    }
                }
                for(var file in resources) {
                    if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                        resources[file].forEach(function(src){
                            if (scriptsToAdd.indexOf(src) === -1) { scriptsToAdd.push(src) }
                        });
                    }
                }
                featuresLoaded.push(element);
            }
            scriptsToAdd.forEach(function (src) {
                var s = d.createElement("script");
                s.setAttribute("src", src);
                d.body.appendChild(s);
            });
            featuresLoaded.forEach(function(element){
                window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
            });
        }
    var url = _context + "/api/v2/async/features?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
    window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(resp) { injectAsyncFeatures(resp)});
};
window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var chains = d.getElementsByClassName("pb-async pb-chain");
        var ids = [].slice.call(chains).map(function (node) { return node.id; });
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain(id);
        });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync = window.pageBuilder.loadAsync || function(){
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures();
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync();

</script>