<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" dir="ltr">

<head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab">
        <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//i.investopedia.com/public">
    <link rel="preconnect" href="//i.investopedia.com/public">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.investopedia.com">
    <link rel="preconnect" href="//www.investopedia.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com">
    <link rel="preconnect" href="//ajax.googleapis.com">

        <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//idsync.rlcdn.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.feedbackify.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ic.tynt.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rc.rlcdn.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//z.moatads.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ak.sail-horizon.com">
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com">

    <title>What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio | Investopedia</title>
    <meta name="application-name" content="Investopedia"/>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9"/>
    <!-- Nativo -->
        <meta property="fb:pages" content="105109162854142, 925483520864421"/>
    <meta property="fb:app_id" content="371867692868423" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>

    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<script type="text/javascript">
    
    
        var geoData = {"FIN_state":"VA","city":"Blacksburg","FIN_zip":"24061","country_code":"US"};
    
</script><script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
window.jQuery || document.write("<script src='/sites/default/modules/jquery_update/replace/jquery/1.10/jquery.min.js'>\x3C/script>")
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//i.investopedia.com/misc/jquery.once.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//i.investopedia.com/misc/drupal.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="InvFrameworkScripts">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var investopedia = {"device":"desktop"};investopedia.documentSource = document.URL;
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
    if(typeof dataLayer === "undefined") {
        dataLayer = [];
    }
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var leadGenNamespace = leadGenNamespace || {};
leadGenNamespace.config = leadGenNamespace.config || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables = leadGenNamespace.config.variables || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables.excludeMortgageUrls = ['/terms/i/interestcoverageratio.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/010417/top-25-cities-where-you-can-live-large-less-70k.asp' , '/articles/credit-loans-mortgages/081416/fico-5-vs-fico-8-what-are-differences.asp' , '/articles/investing/082113/understanding-interest-rates-nominal-real-and-effective.asp' , '/articles/investing/121713/interest-rates-apr-apy-and-ear.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/08/leased-land.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/071315/how-investing-turnkey-property-works.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/091415/how-much-money-do-you-need-live-los-angeles.asp' , '/articles/pf/06/payingforpoints.asp' , '/articles/pf/08/housingco-op.asp' , '/mortgage/real-estate-investing-guide/' , '/terms/b/balloon-payment.asp' , '/terms/b/balloonloan.asp' , '/terms/c/creditor.asp' , '/terms/d/debtinstrument.asp' , '/terms/f/federal-housing-administration.asp' , '/terms/f/fully_amortizing_payment.asp' , '/terms/i/interestexpense.asp' , '/terms/o/origination-fee.asp' , '/terms/p/personalproperty.asp' , '/articles/04/030304.asp' , '/articles/07/housing_bubble.asp' , '/articles/07/subprime-blame.asp' , '/articles/basics/10/protect-portfolio-from-interest-rates.asp' , '/articles/credit-loans-mortgages/082816/fico-vs-experian-vs-equifax-their-pros-and-cons-fico-efx.asp' , '/articles/credit-loans-mortgages/090216/credit-karma-safe-and-secure.asp' , '/articles/economics/08/fannie-mae-freddie-mac-credit-crisis.asp' , '/articles/economics/09/subprime-market-2008.asp' , '/articles/financialcareers/10/real-estate-agent-mortgage-broker.asp' , '/articles/high-net-worth-living/082316/3-abandoned-towns-sale-under-1-million.asp' , '/articles/investing/090213/explaining-amortization-balance-sheet.asp' , '/articles/investing/123115/3-ways-invest-new-york-city-real-estate.asp' , '/articles/managing-wealth/062416/10-most-expensive-zip-codes-california.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/09/10-problems-prevent-closing.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/10/affordable-housing.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/10/how-mortgage-fraud-affects-markets.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/10/increase-your-real-estate-net-worth.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/10/real-estate-investment-trust-reit.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/11/forming-homeowners-association.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/12/property-tax-abatement.asp' , '/articles/mortgages-real-estate/12/value-real-estate-investments.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/012315/how-expensive-new-york-city-really.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/072315/how-grant-cardone-built-350m-real-estate-empire.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/082615/top-5-real-estate-crowdfunding-companies.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/091415/how-much-money-do-you-need-live-alaska.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/103015/buying-house-philippines-howto-guide.asp' , '/articles/pf/07/budget-qs.asp' , '/articles/pf/08/invest-reduce-debt.asp' , '/articles/pf/09/financial-responsibility.asp' , '/articles/professionaleducation/10/6-steps-becoming-a-real-estate-agent.asp' , '/articles/professionals/062713/day-life-real-estate-agent.asp' , '/articles/small-business/020217/investors-5-best-and-worst-cities-airbnb-renting.asp' , '/articles/tax/09/overlooked-tax-deductions.asp' , '/articles/taxes/08/itemized-deductions-overview.asp' , '/articles/wealth-management/021716/commercial-real-estate-agent-job-description-average-salary.asp' , '/articles/younginvestors/07/loans.asp' , '/articles/younginvestors/10/what-is-an-investment.asp' , '/ask/answers/010815/how-does-goodwill-amortize.asp' , '/ask/answers/063015/what-effective-interest-method-amortization.asp' , '/ask/answers/07/subprime-mortgage.asp' , '/ask/answers/100214/what-real-estate-underwriting.asp' , '/ask/answers/101314/what-are-differences-among-real-estate-agent-broker-and-realtor.asp' , '/financial-edge/0511/8-must-have-numbers-for-evaluating-a-real-estate-investment.aspx' , '/financial-edge/0712/how-much-money-do-you-need-to-invest-in-real-estate.aspx' , '/financial-edge/1012/u.s.-or-canada-which-country-is-best-to-call-home.aspx' , '/mortgage/short-sale-property/' , '/terms/a/aftertaxincome.asp' , '/terms/a/alternativeminimumtax.asp' , '/terms/a/amortization-of-intangibles.asp' , '/terms/a/amortized-bond.asp' , '/terms/b/backlog.asp' , '/terms/c/capitalizationrate.asp' , '/terms/c/collaborative-consumption.asp' , '/terms/d/debtservice.asp' , '/terms/d/deferredinterest.asp' , '/terms/d/depreciation-depletion-and-amortization.asp' , '/terms/e/earnest-money.asp' , '/terms/e/ebitdar.asp' , '/terms/e/encumbrance.asp' , '/terms/f/fairmarketvalue.asp' , '/terms/f/fullservicebroker.asp' , '/terms/g/ground-lease.asp' , '/terms/h/homeowners-association-fee-hoa.asp' , '/terms/h/housing_bubble.asp' , '/terms/l/loan-to-deposit-ratio.asp' , '/terms/m/margin.asp' , '/terms/m/marginaltaxrate.asp' , '/terms/m/millagerate.asp' , '/terms/m/msr.asp' , '/terms/n/netnetnet.asp' , '/terms/n/networth.asp' , '/terms/n/nonperformingloan.asp' , '/terms/p/periodic_interest_rate.asp' , '/terms/p/pigoviantax.asp' , '/terms/p/ppe.asp' , '/terms/p/pre-foreclosure.asp' , '/terms/p/presentvalue.asp' , '/terms/p/primebrokerage.asp' , '/terms/p/property_rights.asp' , '/terms/p/propertytax.asp' , '/terms/r/real-estate-settlement-procedures-act-respa.asp' , '/terms/r/real-property.asp' , '/terms/r/regressivetax.asp' , '/terms/r/rehypothecation.asp' , '/terms/r/residualincome.asp' , '/terms/r/right_of_rescission.asp' , '/terms/s/salestax.asp' , '/terms/s/secondliendebt.asp' , '/terms/s/section-1231.asp' , '/terms/s/securitization.asp' , '/terms/s/subprime_mortgage.asp' , '/terms/s/subprimeloan.asp' , '/terms/t/take-home-pay.asp' , '/terms/t/tax_incidence.asp' , '/terms/t/tax_without_representation.asp' , '/terms/t/tax-deduction.asp' , '/terms/t/taxation.asp' , '/terms/t/taxbracket.asp' , '/terms/t/taxcredit.asp' , '/terms/t/taxes.asp' , '/terms/t/taxliability.asp' , '/terms/t/taxrate.asp' , '/terms/t/taxshield.asp' , '/terms/t/termloan.asp' , '/terms/t/tranches.asp' , '/terms/w/warehouse_lending.asp' , '/terms/w/weightedaveragematurity.asp' , '/terms/e/escrow.asp' , '/terms/t/tax-benefit.asp' , '/terms/f/five-c-credit.asp' , '/terms/i/irs-pub-527.asp'];
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var leadGenNamespace = leadGenNamespace || {};
leadGenNamespace.config = leadGenNamespace.config || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables = leadGenNamespace.config.variables || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables.excludeHomeInsuranceUrls = ['/terms/i/interestcoverageratio.asp' , '/terms/e/effective-gross-income-egi.asp' , '/articles/active-trading/111314/top-10-insurance-companies-metrics.asp' , '/articles/financial-careers/08/become-insurance-agent.asp' , '/articles/personal-finance/021815/how-make-money-airbnb-risks-rewards.asp' , '/terms/e/effective-gross-income-egi.asp' , '/terms/r/rent-expense.asp'];
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var leadGenNamespace = leadGenNamespace || {};
leadGenNamespace.config = leadGenNamespace.config || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables = leadGenNamespace.config.variables || {};
leadGenNamespace.config.variables.excludeAutoInsuranceUrls = ['/articles/personal-finance/021015/uber-versus-yellow-cabs-new-york-city.asp'];
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--

            (function(d) {
            var e = d.createElement('script');
            e.src = d.location.protocol + '//tag.bounceexchange.com/2320/i.js';
            e.async = true;
            d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(e);
            }(document));
        
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_taxonomy">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var _pageTaxonomy = {"Hashkey":null,"Path":"/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/","Channel":"Insights","SubChannel":"Insights","Advertising":"Investing","SubAdvertising":"Investing","DfpTarget":"Investing/Investing","LeadGenTarget":null,"Tags":["email-ntu"],"Type":"Article","Lucrativeness":null,"Timelessness":"Timely","Feature":null,"Design":null,"InterestLevel":null,"Index":"True","NoIndexParams":"False","Follow":"True","Master":"False","ServerName":"8 197","Microtags":["Texas","shale","Houston","GDP","insurance","FEMA","Corpus Christi","Gulf Coast","oil refining","Valero Energy Corp","hurricanes","port","Baytown","Motiva","CNBC","Texas city","Florida","The Woodlands","Hurricane Ike","Sugar Land","Port Arthur, Texas","Farmers Insurance","Exxon Mobil","Dudley","JP Morgan","William Dudley","Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)","California","Liberty Mutual insurance","National Flood Insurance Program","crude oil","PGR","BEA","USAA","oil tankers","State Farm","Government Accountability Office (GAO)","metropolitan area","Jim Cramer","North Korea","Petrobras","accounting","Energy Information Administration","Illinois","Royal Dutch Shell","reinsurance","jobless claims","economist","Treasury Department","Deutsche Bank","gasoline","Three Rivers","Pasadena, Tx","Deer Park, Tx","Mark Hanna","landfalls","Harris County","Yahoo Finance","bear","monetary policy","Goldman Sachs","bankruptcy","Mexico","natural gas","Federal Reserve"],"SecondarySubChannel":["Insights"],"TKR":"XOM"};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var $ = jQuery.noConflict();
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var idc_device = {"desktop":true,"tablet":false,"phone":false};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_page-view-id">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
      var pageviewIDEntity = "";
      function genPageviewId() {
          var chars = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('');
          var uuid = new Array(36), rnd=0, r;
          for (var i = 0; i < 36; i++) {
              if (i==8 || i==13 ||  i==18 || i==23) {
                  uuid[i] = '-';
              } else if (i==14) {
                  uuid[i] = '4';
              } else {
                  if (rnd <= 0x02) rnd = 0x2000000 + (Math.random()*0x1000000)|0;
                  r = rnd & 0xf;
                  rnd = rnd >> 4;
                  uuid[i] = chars[(i == 19) ? (r & 0x3) | 0x8 : r];
              }
          }
          return new Date().getTime() + "-" + uuid.join('');
      }

      var pageviewID = genPageviewId();
      dataLayer.push({'pageviewID' : pageviewID});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_dfp">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
targetingList = {"pageTitle":"What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio","Timelessness":"Timely","lucrativeness":"","infiniteScroll":"false","tickerized":"true"}; idc_targeting = targetingList || {};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var idc_slots = {};
        idc_slots.slots = ["AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard","AdSlot_PG-Web-Bar","AdSlot_BC-TextNote","AdSlot_AF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_BF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button1","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button2","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button3","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button4","AdSlot_BF-Footer-Leaderboard"];
        idc_slots.build = function(slot) {
            return "/8397/INV-NA/Investing/Investing/position/Article".replace("position", slot.position);
        };
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
        var url = window.location.href;
        var hash = null;
        var decodedUrl = decodeURIComponent(url);

        if (decodedUrl.indexOf('#') >= 0){
            var hashPos = decodedUrl.indexOf('#');
            var fragment = decodedUrl.substr(hashPos);
            hash = fragment;
        }

        if (hash != null && typeof hash.startsWith === "function") {
            if (hash.startsWith("#ec") ||
            hash.startsWith("#ra") ||
            window.location.pathname.endsWith("/anxiety-index/")) {
                idc_slots.includes = [];
            }
        }

         if (_pageTaxonomy.Type && _pageTaxonomy.Type == 'Corp' ||
            _pageTaxonomy.Path == '/premium-investor-education/' ||
            _pageTaxonomy.Path == '/marketing/broker/' ||
            _pageTaxonomy.Path == '/marketing/personal-finance/') {
            idc_slots.includes = [];
        }

        if(_pageTaxonomy.Path && _pageTaxonomy.Path.indexOf('/small-business/the-next-step/') >= 0 &&
                        investopedia.device == "desktop") {
                idc_slots.slots.push({
                    "AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard": {
                        sizes: [728, 90],
                        sizeMappings: [
                            {
                                viewportSize: [1000, 1],
                                slotSizes: [728, 90]
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [700, 1],
                                slotSizes: [[728, 90], [468, 60]]
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [400, 1],
                                slotSizes: [468, 60]
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [0, 0],
                                slotSizes: [[320, 50], [320, 100]]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                });
            }

if (_pageTaxonomy.Type && _pageTaxonomy.Type == 'Term' &&
            _pageTaxonomy.Path && _pageTaxonomy.Path.indexOf('/sponsored') == -1 &&
            _pageTaxonomy.Path != '/application-investopedia-100/' &&
            _pageTaxonomy.Path.indexOf('/small-business') == -1  &&
            investopedia.device == "desktop") {
            idc_slots.slots.push({
                "AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard": {
                    sizes: [[320, 100], [320, 50], [468, 60],
                        [728, 90], [750, 100], [750, 200],
                        [930, 180], [950, 90], [960, 90],
                        [970, 66], [970, 90], [970, 90],
                        [970, 250], [980, 120], [980, 90], [1003, 80], 'fluid'],
                    sizeMappings: [
                        {
                            viewportSize: [1000, 1],
                            slotSizes: [[980, 90], [980, 120],
                                [970, 90], [970, 66], [970, 250],
                                [960, 90], [950, 90], [930, 180],
                                [750, 200], [750, 100], [728, 90], [1003, 80], 'fluid']
                        },
                        {
                            viewportSize: [700, 1],
                            slotSizes: [[728, 90], [468, 60]]
                        },
                        {
                            viewportSize: [400, 1],
                            slotSizes: [468, 60]
                        },
                        {
                            viewportSize: [0, 0],
                            slotSizes: [[320, 50], [320, 100]]
                        }
                    ]
                }
            });
        }

        if (_pageTaxonomy.Type &&
         _pageTaxonomy.Type == 'Quote' &&
        investopedia.device == "desktop") {
                idc_slots.slots.push({
                    "AdSlot_IC-BelowContent": {
                        sizes :  [540,280],
                        sizeMappings: [
                            {
                                viewportSize: [1000, 1],
                                slotSizes: [[540,280], 'fluid']
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [700, 1],
                                slotSizes: [540,280]
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [400, 1],
                                slotSizes: [540,280]
                            },
                            {
                                viewportSize: [0, 0],
                                slotSizes: [540,280]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                });
            }
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://s.ntv.io/serve/load.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_invmin" src="//i.investopedia.com/dest/js/inv.min.js?v=5.766"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//i.investopedia.com/dest/js/deepblue.min.js?v=5.766"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var noDfp = false;
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"deepblue","theme_token":"Jd8uaX5t4Z9I-1eKm2uDJLUaEt4n4A_1e_xOYuoH1yQ","js":{"\/\/i.investopedia.com\/dist\/article-page-type.min.js?v=5.766":1,"0":1,"1":1,"\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.10.2\/jquery.min.js":1,"2":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"3":1,"4":1,"5":1,"6":1,"7":1,"8":1,"9":1,"10":1,"11":1,"12":1,"13":1,"14":1,"15":1,"https:\/\/s.ntv.io\/serve\/load.js":1,"\/\/i.investopedia.com\/dest\/js\/inv.min.js?v=5.766":1,"\/\/i.investopedia.com\/dest\/js\/deepblue.min.js?v=5.766":1,"16":1},"css":{"sites\/all\/modules\/ldap\/ldap_servers\/ldap_servers.admin.css":1}}});
//--><!]]>
</script>



<!-- Meta tags -->
              <meta name="description" content="With Irma following close at the heels of Hurricane Harvey, will this hurricane season spell doom for the U.S. economy?" />
                <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" />
                <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
                <meta property="og:title" content="What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio" />
                <meta property="og:description" content="With Irma following close at the heels of Hurricane Harvey, will this hurricane season spell doom for the U.S. economy?" />
                <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/" />
                <meta property="og:site_name" content="Investopedia" />
                <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
                <meta property="og:image" content="https://i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/shutterstock_543314263_hurricane.jpg" />
                <meta property="article:content_type" content="Article" />
                      <meta property="article:assigned_editor" content="Will Kenton" />
                <meta property="article:company" content="Investopedia.com" />
                <meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-08-31T08:05:00-06:00" />
                <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2017-09-11T12:57:01-06:00" />
                <meta property="article:tag" content="email-ntu,xom,vlo" />
                <meta property="emailcuration" content="email-ntu" />
                <meta property="emailprimarychannel" content="insights" />
                <meta property="emailprimarysubchannel" content="insights" />
                <meta property="emailcontenttype" content="article" />
                <meta property="emailtickers" content="xom,vlo" />
                <meta name="author" content="Mrinalini Krishna" />
                <meta property="fb:admins" content="100003532063336" />
                <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
                <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Investopedia" />
                <meta name="twitter:title" content="What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio" />
                <meta name="twitter:description" content="With Irma following close at the heels of Hurricane Harvey, will this hurricane season spell doom for the U.S. economy?" />
                <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/shutterstock_543314263_hurricane.jpg" />
                <meta name="parsely-title" content="What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio" />
                <meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/" />
                <meta name="parsely-type" content="post" />
                <meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/shutterstock_543314263_hurricane.jpg" />
                <meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2017-09-11T18:57:01Z" />
                <meta name="parsely-section" content="Insights" />
                <meta name="parsely-author" content="Mrinalini Krishna" />
                <meta name="parsely-tags" content="Texas,shale,Houston,GDP,insurance,FEMA,Corpus Christi,Gulf Coast,oil refining,Valero Energy Corp,hurricanes,port,Baytown,Motiva,CNBC,Texas city,Florida,The Woodlands,Hurricane Ike,Sugar Land,Port Arthur, Texas,Farmers Insurance,Exxon Mobil,Dudley,JP Morgan,William Dudley,Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA),California,Liberty Mutual insurance,National Flood Insurance Program,crude oil,PGR,BEA,USAA,oil tankers,State Farm,Government Accountability Office (GAO),metropolitan area,Jim Cramer,North Korea,Petrobras,accounting,Energy Information Administration,Illinois,Royal Dutch Shell,reinsurance,jobless claims,economist,Treasury Department,Deutsche Bank,gasoline,Three Rivers,Pasadena, Tx,Deer Park, Tx,Mark Hanna,landfalls,Harris County,Yahoo Finance,bear,monetary policy,Goldman Sachs,bankruptcy,Mexico,natural gas,Federal Reserve,con-Article,ed-Will Kenton,time-Timely,luc-,proj-,tk-xom,vlo,rp-Y" />
                <meta name="sailthru.tags" content="texas,shale,houston,gdp,insurance,insights" />
                <meta name="sailthru.author" content="Mrinalini Krishna" />
                <meta name="sailthru.date" content="2017-09-11T18:55:55+00:00" />
                <meta name="sailthru.expire_date" content="2017-09-18T18:55:55+00:00" />
                <meta name="sailthru.image.full" content="https://i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/shutterstock_543314263_hurricane.jpg?quality=80&width=680&height=680" />
                <meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/shutterstock_543314263_hurricane.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200" />
                <meta name="sailthru.title" content="What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio" />
      
<!-- End Meta tags -->
<script type="text/javascript">/* observer-7.0.2 */eval(atob("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"));</script>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:200,200i,300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,900,900i">
  
          <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//i.investopedia.com/dest/css/deepblue.css?v=5.766"/>
    
    <!--js start-->
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
  dataLayer.push(_pageTaxonomy);
  dataLayer.push({
    'country': invGCookie.geoCountry(),
    'state': invGCookie.geoStateProvince(),
    'zip': invGCookie.geoZip(),
    'asset_version': '5.766',
    'device': 'desktop',
    'isVideoOnPage': '',
  });

</script>

<script data-id="script-populate-datalayer-node">
  dataLayer.push({
    'node_id' : "384402", 
    'parent_node_id' : "384402",   });
</script></head>
<body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-384402 node-type-invcontent page-node page-node- page-node-384402"  id="InsightsChannel">
    <script type="text/javascript">/* wrapper-7.0.2 */eval(atob("!function t(n,e,r){function o(a,s){if(!e[a]){if(!n[a]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!s&&c)return c(a,!0);if(i)return i(a,!0);var d=new Error("Cannot find module '"+a+"'");throw d.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",d}var u=e[a]={exports:{}};n[a][0].call(u.exports,function(t){var e=n[a][1][t];return o(e?e:t)},u,u.exports,t,n,e,r)}return e[a].exports}for(var i="function"==typeof require&&require,a=0;a<r.length;a++)o(r[a]);return o}({1:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";!function(){function n(){i&&console.log.apply(console,arguments)}function e(t,n,r,o,i,a,s,c,d,u){var f=function(){t===!0&&console.log.apply(console,arguments)},l=['<script type="text/javascript">(',e.toString(),")(",[t.toString(),n.toString(),r.toString(),o.toString(),i.toString(),a.toString(),s.toString(),c.toString(),d.toString(),u.toString()].join(",").toString(),")<","/script>"].join("");n()(HTMLIFrameElement,"name",r(),o(l)),n()(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentDocument",s(a(l),i()),c()),n()(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentWindow",d(a(l),i()),u()),window.failed_urls=window.failed_urls||[];var p=["script","img"];document.addEventListener("load",function(t){f("withinIframe load event",t.target),!t.target||"SCRIPT"!==t.target.nodeName&&"IMG"!==t.target.nodeName||(t.target._loadState="load")},!0),document.addEventListener("error",function(t){f("withinIframe error event",t.target),!t.target||"SCRIPT"!==t.target.nodeName&&"IMG"!==t.target.nodeName||(t.target._loadState="error",window.failed_urls=window.failed_urls||[],window.failed_urls.push(t.target.src))},!0),window.addEventListener("message",function(t){var n=t.data.eventName;if(void 0!==n)switch(n){case"frameLoaded":window.parent.postMessage(t.data,"*");break;case"bubbleup":window.parent.postMessage(t.data,"*")}if(void 0!==t.data.iframeId){f("message received "+t.data.iframeId);var e=t.data,r=function(t){"loading"!==document.readyState?t():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)},o=function i(t){var n={originIframeId:t.iframeId,readyState:document.readyState,requestData:[],cssData:[]},e=t.srcSubstrings;if(void 0!==e)for(var r=document.querySelectorAll(p.join(",")),o=0;o<r.length;o++){var a=r[o];if(a.src){var s=e.some(function(t){return a.src.indexOf(t)!==-1});if(s){if(void 0===a._loadState)return f("Wait for event from "+a.src),a.addEventListener("load",function(){i(t)}),void a.addEventListener("error",function(){i(t)});n.requestData.push({type:a.nodeName,src:a.src,state:a._loadState})}}}var c=t.displayTypes,d=t.cssAttributes;void 0!==c&&void 0!==d&&(r=document.querySelectorAll(c.join(",")),Array.prototype.forEach.call(r,function(t){var e=window.getComputedStyle(t),r={};d.forEach(function(t){r[t]=e.getPropertyValue(t)}),n.cssData.push({type:t.nodeName,id:t.id,"class":t.getAttribute("class"),cssAttributes:r})})),f("send response "+t.iframeId),n.failed_urls=window.failed_urls,parent.postMessage(n,"*")};r(function(){o(e)})}})}var r=t(5);window.adonisHash=window.adonisHash||window.location.hash||"";var o=window.RTCPeerConnection||window.mozRTCPeerConnection||window.webkitRTCPeerConnection;if(!o)return void r.reportEvent("bootstrap.ifw.rtc.absent");r.reportEvent("bootstrap.ifw.rtc.exists");var i=window.adonisHash.indexOf("adonis-logging")!==-1,a=function(){return function(t,n,e,r){var o=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t.prototype,n);Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,n,{get:function(){return e(o.get,this,arguments)},set:function(){return r(o.set,this,arguments)},enumerable:!0})}},s=function(){return function(t,n,e){return t.apply(n,e)}},c=function(t){return function(e,r,o){try{var i=o[0];if(i.indexOf("html")!==-1){var a=i.split(";"),s=a[1],c=parseInt(s)+t.length;a[1]=c.toString(),i=a.join(";"),i=i.replace("<head>","<head>"+t),o[0]=i}}catch(d){n(d)}return e.apply(r,o)}},d=function(){return function(t){var n=!1;if(t.src&&0!==t.src.indexOf("javascript:")&&0!==t.src.indexOf("about:blank")){var e=document.createElement("a");e.href=t.src;var r=e.host;r===window.location.host&&(n=!0)}else n=!0;return n}},u=function(t){return function(e,r){var o=r.write;r.write=function(e){try{this._injected||(e.indexOf("<head>")!==-1?(e=e.replace(/<head>(.*)<\/head>/,function(n,e){return"<head>"+t+e+"</head>"}),this._injected=!0):e.indexOf("<body")!==-1?(e=e.replace(/(<body.*?>)/,function(n,e){return e+t}),this._injected=!0):e.indexOf("<script")!==-1&&(e=e.replace(/(<script.*?>.*<\/script>)/,function(n,e){return t+e}),this._injected=!0))}catch(r){n(r)}return o.call(this,e)}}},f=function(t,e){return function(r,o,i){var a=r.apply(o,i);try{if(o.contentDocumentDecorated)return a;o.contentDocumentDecorated=!0,e(o)&&t(o,a)}catch(s){n(s)}return a}},l=function(){return function(t,n,e){return t.apply(n,e)}},p=function(t,e){return function(r,o,i){var a=r.apply(o,i);try{if(o.contentWindowDecorated)return a;o.contentWindowDecorated=!0,e(o)&&t(o,a.document)}catch(s){n(s)}return a}},w=function(){return function(t,n,e){return t.apply(n,e)}},g=['<script type="text/javascript">(',e.toString(),")(",[i.toString(),a.toString(),s.toString(),c.toString(),d.toString(),u.toString(),f.toString(),l.toString(),p.toString(),w.toString()].join(",").toString(),")<","/script>"].join("");a()(HTMLIFrameElement,"name",s(),c(g)),a()(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentDocument",f(u(g),d()),l()),a()(HTMLIFrameElement,"contentWindow",p(u(g),d()),w())}()},{5:5}],2:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";var r=t(3);window.adonisHash=window.adonisHash||window.location.hash||"";var o=window.adonisHash.indexOf("adonis-logging")>=0;r.LOG_LEVEL=o?"debug":r.LOG_LEVEL;var i=window.adonis||{};i.wsHost&&r.WS&&(r.WS.host=i.wsHost),i.transport&&r.SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT&&(r.SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT=i.transport),n.exports=r},{3:3}],3:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";n.exports={REAL_STUN_HOST:"stun.xpanama.net:3478",TURNSIGNAL_HOST:"ts.p.xpanama.net:7000",STUNGUN_HOST:"sg.p.xpanama.net:3480",SERVER_CANDIDATE:"candidate:827648026 1 udp 2122194687 SERVER_IP SERVER_PORT typ host generation 0",REPORTING_URL:"https://lb.statsevent.com/stats",REPORTING_RATE:.01,LOG_LEVEL:"error",REPORT_ERRORS:!0,MANIFEST_URL:"https://sri.jsintegrity.com/manifest.json",MANIFEST_EXPIRATION_TIME:86400,AD_MARKER:"adonis-marker",ADONIS_CLIENT_FETCH_URL:"https://adserver.xpanama.net/client-7-latest.js",WS:{host:"suez-server.xpanama.net",path:"/ws",port:443,secure:!0,promiseTimeout:3e3},SERVICE_STATUS_URL:function(t){return"https://client.reactrjs.com/"+t+"-status.json"},SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT:"https://suez.xpanama.net/http",SUEZ_HTTP_RETRY:3,SUEZ_HTTP_DELAY:100}},{}],4:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";function r(t){return t&&t.__esModule?t:{"default":t}}var o=t(2),i=r(o),a=t(7),s=(0,a.create)({level:i["default"].LOG_LEVEL});n.exports={logger:s,suezLogger:s}},{2:2,7:7}],5:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";function r(t){var n=new XMLHttpRequest,e=[d.REPORTING_URL,t].join("");n.open("GET",e,!0),n.send()}function o(t){d.REPORT_ERRORS&&r("/adonis_error?e="+t.toString()+"&website="+window.location.hostname)}function i(){return null!=window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS?window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS===!0:Math.random()<d.REPORTING_RATE}function a(t,n){if(s(t),i()){var e={website:window.location.hostname,key:t};null!=n&&(e.quantity=n),r(["/adonis_event/?event=",JSON.stringify(e)].join(""))}}function s(t){var n={key:t,time_ms:Math.round(window.performance.now()),website:window.location.hostname};f.push(n)}function c(){u.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisBootstrapTiming",f)}var d=t(2),u=t(6),f=[];n.exports={reportError:o,reportEvent:a,saveTiming:c,shouldReport:i}},{2:2,6:6}],6:[function(t,n,e){"use strict";function r(t,n){try{Object.defineProperty(window,t,{value:n,writable:!1})}catch(e){o.warn("Cannot define read-only property of window object: "+e)}}var o=t(4).logger,i=function(t){"loading"!==document.readyState?t():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",t)};n.exports={defineReadOnlyProperty:r,ready:i}},{4:4}],7:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){const e=a[n];void 0!==e&&(e>0&&(t.assert=function(){}),e>5&&(t.trace=function(){}),e>10&&(t.debug=function(){}),e>20&&(t.log=function(){}),e>30&&(t.info=function(){}),e>40&&(t.warn=function(){}),e>50&&(t.error=function(){}))}function o(t,n){n=n||{};const e=n.level||"debug";r(t,e)}function i(t){const n=Object.create(console);return o(n,t),n}const a={all:0,trace:5,debug:10,log:20,info:30,warn:40,error:50},s=i();n.exports={logger:s,configure:o,create:i}},{}]},{},[1]);"));</script><script>
  var user_info = $.parseJSON(decodeURIComponent(getCookie('user_info')).replace(/\+/g, ' '));
</script>
  <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5V3WHJ"
                    height="0" width="0"
                    style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
  <script data-id="script_gtm_load">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
      new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
      j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
      '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+'';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
    })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5V3WHJ');</script>
  <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->

<!-- Current time is: 02/12/2018 10:58:35 pm -->
<div class="page-wrapper">
        <!-- Activity name for this tag: INV -->
    <script type='text/javascript' data-id="script_dfp_tracking">
        var axel = Math.random()+"";
        var a = axel * 10000000000000;

        var img = document.createElement("img");
        img.src = 'https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord='+ a +'?';
        img.width = 1;
        img.height = 1;

        var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
        body.appendChild(img);

    </script>
    <noscript><img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;xsp=197334;ord=1?" width=1 height=1 border=0/></noscript>
    <!--shift_source: 11 199-->    
    <div class="tabs">
            </div>
<style>

    .page-width
    {
        max-width:1170px;
        margin:0 auto;
        padding:0 20px;
    }

    body .header.meganav .academy {
        position: relative;
    }

    body .header.meganav span.pill {
        content: 'NEW';
        position: absolute;
        top: 19px;
        left: 0;
        font-size: 9px;
        font-weight: 400;
        line-height: 1.6;
        margin: -15px 0 0 65px;
        background: #a62436;
        padding: 1px 6px;
        border-radius: 100px;
        text-shadow: -1px -1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
    }

    .header a:hover
    {
        text-decoration: none !important;
    }

    .header.meganav
    {
        position:fixed;
        letter-spacing:0.05em;
        -webkit-text-stroke:0;
        z-index:105;
        top:0;
        width:100%;
    }

    body.toolbar .header.meganav {
        top: 30px;
    }

    body.toolbar.toolbar-drawer .header.meganav {
        top: 66px;
    }

    body.toolbar.develop .header.meganav {
        top: 70px;
    }

    body.toolbar.toolbar-drawer.develop .header.meganav {
        top: 106px;
    }

    body
    {
        margin-top:54px;
    }

    .header.meganav .brand {
        width:220px;
        height:55px;
        background:url(//i.investopedia.com/public/img/logo_white_new.png) center center no-repeat;
        background-size:contain;
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:middle;
        margin:-2px 0 0 0;
    }

    .header.meganav .menus
    {
        width:calc(100% - 240px);
        float:right
    }

    .header.meganav .primary
    {
        display:inline-block;
        border:none;
        margin:0;
        text-align:left;
        vertical-align:middle;
        width: auto;
    }

    .page-user .header.meganav .secondary,
    .header.meganav .secondary {
        width: 275px;
        float:right;
        text-align:right;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu
    {
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:middle;
        position:static;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.nav
    {
        box-shadow:none;
        width:auto;
        height:auto;
        transform:none;
        transition:none;
        -webkit-transform:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.open .menu-items
    {
        display:block !important;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-icon
    {
        width:20px;
        height:9px;
        padding:22px 26px 22px 18px;
        margin:0;
        vertical-align:top;
        position:relative;
        background-size:auto 20px;
        background-position:15px center;
        background-repeat:no-repeat;
        display:none;
        cursor:pointer;
    }

    .menu.member .menu-icon
    { background-image:url(//i.investopedia.com/header_c/icon_user.png); background-size:auto 22px; }

    .menu.search .menu-icon
    { background-image:url(//i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/icon_search_white.png); }

    .menu.nav .menu-icon
    { background-image:url(//i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/icon_menu.png); }

    .menu.newsletters .menu-icon
    { background-image:url(//i.investopedia.com/header_c/icon_newsletter.png); }

    .header.meganav .menu-icon:before,
    .header.meganav .menu-icon:after,
    .header.meganav .menu-item-title:before,
    .header.meganav .menu-item-title:after
    {
        content:'';
        border-width:5px;
        border-style:solid;
        border-color:#ccc transparent transparent;
        z-index:1;
        position:absolute;
        top:24px;
        right:9px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-icon:after,
    .header.meganav .menu-item-title:after,
    .header.meganav .menu-item-link:after
    {
        z-index:2;
        margin-top:-2px;
        border-top-color:#333;
    }

    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-item-title:before,
    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-item-title:after,
    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-icon:before,
    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-icon:after
    {
        display:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-items
    {
        margin:0;
        padding:0;
        list-style:none;
        text-align:left;
        box-sizing:border-box;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-items > li
    {
        display:inline-block;
        margin:0;
        padding:0;
        text-align:left;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-item-title,
    .header.meganav .menu-item-link,
    .header.meganav .menu-item{
        display:block;
        position:relative;
        background:none !important;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-item-title {
        padding: 0 26px 0 9px;
        line-height: 55px;
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-item-link
    {
        padding: 18px 9px 16px 9px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-item{
        padding:18px 15px 16px 15px;
    }

    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-item-title,
    .header.meganav.tablet .menu-item-link
    {
        padding:18px 15px 16px 15px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-items > li
    {
        display:block;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box
    {
        position:relative;
        width:205px;
        display:block;
        background-color:transparent;
        max-width: none;
        margin-left:0;
        text-align: right;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box input
    {
        border:none;
        border-radius:2px;
        font-size:13px !important;
        padding:7px 32px 6px 10px;
        box-sizing:border-box;
        width:100%;
        height:30px;
        outline:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box input::-webkit-input-placeholder
    {
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box input:-moz-placeholder /* Old Fire Fox */
    {
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box input::-moz-placeholder /* New Fire Fox */
    {
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box input:-ms-input-placeholder /* IE 11 */
    {
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .header.meganav .search-box button
    {
        position:absolute;
        width:20px;
        height:20px;
        background:url(//i.investopedia.com/public/fa/img/icon_search.png) center center no-repeat;
        background-size:contain;
        top:5px;
        right:10px;
        border:none;
        cursor:pointer;
        padding:0;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member
    {
        position:relative;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-icon
    {
        display:inline-block;/* Used for js to detect media queries. */
        background-position:15px 17px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items
    {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        list-style: none;
        display: none;
        font-size: 14px;
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        min-width: 180px;
        background-color:#444;
        right:0;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li
    {
        display:block;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li > .newsletters {
        display: block;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li > .newsletters > a {
        width: calc(100% - 10px);
        padding-left: 10px;
        padding-right: 0;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li > .newsletters > a:hover {
        background-color: #333 !important;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li > a
    {
        white-space:nowrap;
        border-bottom:solid 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items > li:last-child > a
    {
        border-bottom:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-item-title:before,
    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-item-title:after,
    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-item-link:before,
    .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-item-link:after
    {
        display:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.newsletters
    {
        margin-top:0;
        border:none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.newsletters .menu-icon
    {
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:middle;
        margin-left:0;
        width:auto;
        height:auto;
        background-position:92px center;
        padding:17px 30px 16px 10px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu.newsletters .menu-icon:before,
    .header.meganav .menu.newsletters .menu-icon:after
    {
        display: none;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel
    {
        position:absolute;
        top:100%;
        left:0;
        width:100%;
        display:none;
        z-index:100;
        text-align:left;
        margin-top:-1px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel .news .article
    {
        width: 30%;
        margin-right: 3%;
        max-width: 130px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel .news .article:last-child {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-right: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel > .inner
    {
        padding:30px;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel.tools > .inner
    {
        padding:40px 30px 60px 30px;
    }

    .header.meganav .col
    {
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:top;
        box-sizing:border-box;
        padding-right:40px;
    }

    .header.meganav .col .title
    {
        font-size:20px;
        margin-bottom:10px;
        display:block;
        text-transform:none;
        border:none;
        background:none !important;
    }

    .header.meganav .col a.title:after,
    .header.meganav .col a .title:after
    {
        content:'';
        background:url(//i.investopedia.com/header_c/icon_home.png) center right no-repeat;
        background-size:contain;
        display:inline-block;
        margin:0 0 0 10px;
        width:16px;
        height:16px;
    }

    .header.meganav .col .msg
    {
        font-family:"Source Sans Pro",sans-serif;
        font-weight: 300;
        color:#ccc;
    }

    .header.meganav .menu-panel .col.courses ul.links li:last-child {
        display: none;
    }

    .header.meganav .tod-title
    {
        font-size:12px;
        text-transform:uppercase;
    }

    .header.meganav .term-title
    {
        font-size:36px;
        line-height:36px;
    }

    .header.meganav .term-desc
    {
        margin-bottom:10px;
    }

    .header.meganav .term-btn
    {
        font-size:10px;
        padding:6px 10px 4px 10px;
        line-height:9px;
        border-radius:3px;
        display:inline-block;
        text-transform:uppercase;
        float:left;
        background-color:#555;
        margin-top: 5px;
    }

    .header.meganav .vids .term-btn {
        float: none;
        margin-top: 5px;
    }

    .header.meganav .tool-title
    {
        font-size:28px;
    }

    .header.meganav .tool-title:after
    {
        content:'';
        display:inline-block;
        width:28px;
        height:23px;
        margin-left:10px;
    }

    .header.meganav .tool-title.simulator:after
    { background:url(//i.investopedia.com/header_c/icon_simulator.png) center right no-repeat; }

    .header.meganav a.article
    {
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:top;
        width:45%;
        background:none !important;
    }

    .header.meganav .callout-btn
    {
        font-size:11px;
        font-family:"Source Sans Pro",sans-serif;
        font-weight: 600;
        padding:8px 15px;
        line-height:9px;
        border-radius:2px;
        display:inline-block;
        text-transform:uppercase;
        margin:10px 0 0 0;
        background-color:#a62436;
        color:#fff;
    }

    .header.meganav .article:last-child
    {
        margin-left:8%;
    }

    .header.meganav .article.video {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav .article img
    {
        width:100%;
        height:86px;
        display:block;
    }

    .header.meganav .article.video img {
        width: auto;
    }

    .header.meganav a.article.video,
    .header.meganav a.article.broker {
        width: auto;
    }

    .header.meganav a.article.broker {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav a.article.broker img {
        max-width: 152px;
    }

    .header.meganav .col.broker > a::before {
        display: none;
        content: '';
    }

    .header.meganav a.article.broker p.article-title {
        padding: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav a.article.broker div.callout-btn {
        margin-top: 0;
    }

    .header.meganav .article-title
    {
        font-size:13px;
        padding:10px 0;
        display:block;
    }

    .header.meganav .article-image {
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        background-position: center center;
        background-size: cover;
        padding-top: 64.5%;
    }

    .header.meganav .links
    {
        margin:10px 0 0 0;
        padding:0;
    }

    .header.meganav .links li
    {
        vertical-align:top;
        box-sizing:border-box;
        margin:0 0 8px 0;
        padding:0;
        display:block;
    }

    .header.meganav .links li a
    {
        border-bottom:solid 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important;
        display:block;
        padding-bottom:2px;
        transition:border-color 0.2s ease-out;
        background:none !important;
        text-align:left;
    }

    .header.meganav .links.topics
    {
        margin-right:-20px;
    }

    .header.meganav .links.topics li
    {
        display:inline-block;
        padding:4px 12px 4px 4px;
        width:24%;
    }

    .header.meganav .links.find-advisor li
    {
        padding:4px 12px 4px 4px;
        display:inline-block;
        width:49%;
    }

    .header.subchannels
    {
        z-index:104;
        -webkit-text-stroke:0;
        position:relative;
    }

    .header.subchannels ul
    {
        margin:0;
        padding:0;
        list-style:none;
        letter-spacing:normal;
    }

    .header.subchannels ul > li
    {
        display:inline-block;
        margin:0;
        padding:0;
        border-bottom:solid 2px transparent;
    }

    .header.subchannels ul > li > a
    {
        display:inline-block;
        padding:9px 8px 6px 8px;
    }

    .header.subchannels li > a
    {
        font-size:14px;
    }

    .header.subchannels li.separator
    {
        margin:0;
        background-color:transparent;
    }

    #Footer .icon-newsletter:after
    {
        content:'';
        width:20px;
        height:20px;
        background:url(//i.investopedia.com/header_c/icon_newsletter.png) center center no-repeat;
        background-size:contain;
        display:inline-block;
        vertical-align:middle;
        margin-left:5px;
    }

    .header.meganav, #Footer .mid
    { background:#333; }

    #Footer .btm
    { background:#2b2b2b; }

    .header.subchannels
    { background-color:#e4e4e4; }

    .header .menu-panel, .header .menu.open .menu-icon
    { background-color:#444; }

    .header.subchannels li:hover
    { background-color:#ccc; }

    .header.subchannels li.separator:hover
    { background-color:transparent; }

    .header .menu.nav
    { background-color:transparent; }

    .header.meganav, .header.meganav a, #Footer .flist > li:first-child,
    #Footer .column-list ul li.first, .header.meganav .primary
    { color:#fff !important; }

    .header.subchannels a
    { color:#333 !important; }

    .header .menu-panel .title, .header .menu-panel a,
    #Footer, #Footer a
    { color:#ccc !important; }

    #Footer .btm
    {
        padding:20px 0;
    }

    #Footer .flist
    { border-color:#3c3c3c; }

    #Footer .btm span
    {
        margin-right:10px;
    }

    #Footer .btm span a
    {
        padding:0 10px;
        font-size:13px;
    }

    .header.subchannels li.selected
    { border-bottom:solid 2px #444; }

    .header.meganav, .header.meganav a, .header.subchannels li.selected a, .header .menu-panel .col .title, #Footer {
        font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif;
        font-weight: 300;
    }

    .header.subchannels, .header.subchannels li.selected a {
        font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;
    }

    .header.subchannels li.selected a {
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    .header.subchannels .channel-title a
    { font-family: "Source Sans Pro",sans-serif; font-weight: 600; }

    .hspace { text-align:justify; }
    .hspace:after { display:inline-block; content:''; width:100%; height:1px; }

    @media only screen and (max-width : 1160px)
    {
        .header.meganav .primary
        {
            width: auto;
        }

        .header.meganav .secondary {
            width: auto;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-icon
        {
            padding:22px 17px;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-icon:before,
        .header.meganav .menu-icon:after
        {
            display:none;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.search
        {
            width:auto;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-icon
        {
            display:inline-block;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-items
        {
            margin: -1px 0 0 0;
            padding: 15px;
            list-style: none;
            display: none;
            font-size: 14px;
            position: absolute;
            top: 100%;
            width: 500px;
            cursor: pointer;
            background-color:#444;
            left:auto;
            right:0;
        }

        .header.meganav .search-box {
            width: 100%;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-items > li
        {
            display:block;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-item-title:after,
        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-item-link:after
        {
            border-top-color:#444;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.newsletters .icon-txt
        {
            display:none;
        }

        .header.meganav .member .menu.newsletters .icon-txt {
            display: block;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.newsletters .menu-icon
        {
            background-position:center 19px;
            padding:22px;
            margin:0;
            height:10px;
        }

        .header.meganav .member .menu.newsletters .menu-icon {
            background-position: 92px 19px;
            height: 15px;
        }
    }

    @media only screen and (max-width : 960px)
    {
        .page-width
        {
            padding:0 5px;
        }

        .header.meganav
        {
            background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
        }

        body .header.meganav span.pill {
            top: 15px;
            margin: 0 0 0 85px;
        }

        .header.meganav .menus
        {
            width:calc(100% - 210px);
            text-align:right;
        }

        .header.meganav .primary
        {
            width:auto;
        }

        .header.meganav .secondary
        {

        }

        .header.meganav .brand {
            width:180px;
            background-size:auto 25px;
            background-position:left center;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-icon
        {
            display:block !important;
            background-position:center center;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-icon
        {
            background-position:center 18px;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.nav .menu-items
        {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            list-style: none;
            display: none;
            font-size: 14px;
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 100%;
            width: 100%;
            cursor: pointer;
            background-color:#444;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-items > li
        {
            display:block;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.nav .menu-items > li
        {
            border-bottom:solid 1px #333;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-item-title,
        .header.meganav .menu-item-link,
        .header.meganav .menu-item
        {
            padding:14px 15px 12px 15px;
            line-height: initial;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-item-title:after,
        .header.meganav .menu-item-link:after
        {
            border-top-color:#444;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-panel
        {
            position:static;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-panel
        {
            display:block;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-title:before,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-title:after,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-link:before,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-link:after
        {
            border-top-color:transparent;
            border-bottom-color:#ccc;
            top:18px;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-title:after,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li.open .menu-item-link:after
        {
            margin-top:2px;
            border-bottom-color:#444;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-panel > .inner
        {
            padding:10px;
            background-color:#3e3e3e;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.new,
        .header.meganav .col .article,
        .header.meganav .col.topics > .title,
        .header.meganav .col.tod .tod-title,
        .header.meganav .col.tod .tod-term,
        .header.meganav .col .tool-title:after,
        .header.meganav .col .tool-desc,
        .header.meganav .col .msg,
        .header.meganav .col .callout-btn,
        .header.meganav .col.find-advisor
        {
            display:none;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.topics
        {
            width:auto !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.tod,
        .header.meganav .col.video,
        .header.meganav .col.guides,
        .header.meganav .col.advisor,
        .header.meganav .col.markets,
        .header.meganav .col.broker
        {
            width:49% !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.tod,
        .header.meganav .col.video,
        .header.meganav .col.broker,
        {
            margin-top:10px;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.guides > .title,
        .header.meganav .col.tod > .title,
        .header.meganav .col.video > .title,
        .header.meganav .col.advisor .title,
        .header.meganav .col.markets .title,
        .header.meganav .col.broker .title
        {
            font-size:14px;
            border-bottom:solid 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important;
            display:block;
            padding:4px;
        }

        .header.meganav .col > .title:after,
        .header.meganav .col.advisor .title:after,
        .header.meganav .col.markets .title:after
        {
            display:none !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.topics .links
        {
            margin:0;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.topics .links li
        {
            width:49%;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.guides .links
        {
            display:none;
        }

        .header.meganav .col .tool-title
        {
            font-size:14px;
            border-bottom:solid 1px rgba(255,255,255, 0.1);
            padding:4px;
            transition:border-color 0.2s ease-out;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.academy {
            display: none;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.courses {
            width: 100% !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.courses .title {
            display: none;
        }

        .header.meganav .col.courses li {
            display: inline-block !important;
            width: 49%;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-panel.tools > .inner
        {
            padding:20px 10px;
        }

        .header.subchannels
        {
            display:none;
        }

        .header.meganav a, .header.meganav a.title,
        .header.meganav a .title
        { color:#fff !important; }

        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-items {
            width: 100%;
        }
    }

    @media only screen and (max-width : 740px)
    {
        .header.meganav .menu.search .menu-items
        {
            left:0;
            right:auto;
            width: 100%;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu-icon
        {
            padding:22px 8px;
        }

    }

    @media only screen and (max-width : 500px)
    {
        .header.meganav .menus
        {
            width:calc(100% - 190px);
        }

        .header.meganav .brand
        {
            margin-right:10px;
        }

        .header.meganav a, .header.meganav a.title
        { color:#fff !important; }
    }


    @media only screen and (max-width : 400px)
    {
        .header.meganav .menus
        {
            width:calc(100% - 150px);
        }

        .header.meganav .brand
        {
            width:140px;
            background-size:auto 18px;
            margin-right:0;
        }
    }

    @media only screen and (min-width : 960px)
    {
        .header.meganav .menu-items a:hover,
        .header.meganav .tool-title:hover
        {
            border-bottom-color: #fff !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu a:hover,
        .header.meganav .menu a:hover * {
            color: #fff !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items a:hover
        {
            border-bottom-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.2) !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu:hover .menu-icon:after,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li:hover .menu-item-title:after,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li:hover .menu-item-link:after {
            border-top-color: #444;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items li:hover .menu-item-title,
        .header.meganav .menu.member .menu-items li:hover .menu-item-link
        {
            background-color:#363636 !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu:hover .menu-icon,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li:hover .menu-item-title,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li:hover .menu-item-link,
        .header.meganav .menu:hover .menu-item
        {
            background-color:#444 !important;
        }

        .header.meganav .menu.member:hover .menu-items,
        .header.meganav .menu:hover .menu-items,
        .header.meganav .menu-items > li:hover .menu-panel
        {
            display:block;
        }
    }

    ul.primary {
        padding-top: 1em;
    }
</style>

    <style>
    .menu.member .menu-icon {
        background-image: none;
        background-size: auto;
    }
    .menu.search .menu-icon {
        background-image: none;
    }
    .menu.header-nav .menu-icon {
        background-image: none;
    }
    @media only screen and (max-width: 960px) {
        header .menu.header-nav .menu-item > a {
            padding: 14px 32px 12px 15px;
        }
    }
    @media (min-width: 1170px) {
        header .secondary {
            margin-top: 6px;
        }
    }
    </style>
    <header class="meganav gaEvent " data-module-type="nav" data-module="main">
    <div id="state-indicator"></div>
    <div class="inner page-width">
        <a href="/" class="brand nav-link" data-content-type="topics" data-type="image"></a>        <div class="menus">
            <div class="header-primary">
                <div class="menu header-nav">
                    <div class="menu-header">
                        <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-menu"></span>
                        <span class="menu-title"></span>
                    </div>
                    <ul class="menu-items">
                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/topics/" class="menu-item-header"
       data-content-type="topics"
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="topics"
    >
        <span data-category="global"
              data-action="primary nav click"
              data-label="topics" class="menu-title">Topics</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col new" style="width:35%;">
                <div class="icon-title">What's New</div>
<div>
    <a href="/partner/reuters/amazon-cutting-hundreds-seattle-jobs-its-consumer-business-source/"
   class="article new"
   data-content-type="Syndicated Content"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="topics|article"
>
    <div
    data-category="global"
    data-action="primary nav click"
    data-label="topics|article"
    class="article-image"
    style="background-image: url(https://i.investopedia.com/image/jpeg/1518471064564/amazon7.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200);">
    </div>
    <span
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="topics|article"
        class="article-title">
    Amazon Cutting Hundreds of Seattle Jobs In Its Consumer Business -Source    </span>
</a>
<a href="/news/12-stocks-buy-markets-upturn-goldman-sachs/"
   class="article new"
   data-content-type="Daily Blog"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="topics|article"
>
    <div
    data-category="global"
    data-action="primary nav click"
    data-label="topics|article"
    class="article-image"
    style="background-image: url(https://i.investopedia.com/image/jpeg/1518463881145/shutterstock_611101631.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200);">
    </div>
    <span
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="topics|article"
        class="article-title">
    12 Stocks To Buy For Market's Upturn: Goldman Sachs    </span>
</a>
</div>            </div><div class="col topics" style="width:65%;">
                <div class="icon-title">Topics</div>
<ul class="links topics">
    <li><a href="/news/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|news"
        >News</a></li>
    <li><a href="/financial-advisor/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|financial advisors"
        >Financial Advisors</a></li>
    <li>
        <a href="/tax/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|tax center"
        >
            The Tax Center
        </a>
    </li>
    <li><a href="/anxiety-index/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|anxiety index"
        >Anxiety Index</a></li>
    <li><a href="/investing/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|investing"
        >Investing</a></li>
    <li><a href="/wealth-management/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|managing wealth"
        >Managing Wealth</a></li>
    <li><a href="/markets/etfs/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|etfs"
        >ETFs</a></li>
    <li><a href="/trump/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|trump economy"
        >The Trump Economy</a></li>
    <li><a href="/retirement/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|retirement"
        >Retirement</a></li>
    <li><a href="/personal-finance/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|personal finance"
        >Personal Finance</a></li>
    <li><a href="/active-trading/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|trading"
        >Trading</a></li>
    <li>
        <a href="/special-reports/2018/how-to-maximize-retirement-savings/"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|maximize retirement savings"
        >
            How To Maximize Retirement Savings
        </a>
    </li>
    <li><a href="/tech/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|tech"
        >Tech</a></li>
    <li><a href="/personal-finance/life-stages/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|life stages"
        >Life Stages</a></li>
    <li><a href="/small-business/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|small business"
        >Small Business</a></li>
    <li><a href="/bitcoin/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="topics|managing wealth"
        >Bitcoin</a></li>
</ul>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</li>                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/dictionary/" class="menu-item-header"
       data-content-type="topics"
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="reference"
    >
        <span  data-category="global"
               data-action="primary nav click"
               data-label="reference"
               class="menu-title">Reference</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col tod" style="width:20%;">
                <a class="icon-title inv-icon-home" href="/dictionary/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|dictionary"
>Dictionary</a>
<div class="tod-title">Term Of The Day</div>
<a href="/terms/l/liability.asp" class="tod-term"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|tod"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="reference|tod"
        class="term-title">Liability</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="reference|tod"
        class="term-desc">Liabilities are defined as a company's legal debts or obligations that arise during ... </div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="reference|tod"
        class="term-btn">Read More &raquo;</div>
</a>            </div
            ><div class="col broker" style="width:20%;">
                <a class="icon-title inv-icon-home" href="/broker/"
   data-content-type="broker"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|broker reviews"
>
    <span>Broker Reviews</span>
</a>
<div class="broker">
    <a href="/broker/"
       class="article broker"
       data-content-type="broker"
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="reference|broker reviews"
    >
        <img
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="reference|broker reviews"
            src="//i.investopedia.com/broker/broker_center_inv_header_image.png" />
        <p
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="reference|broker reviews"
            class="article-title">Find the best broker for your trading or investing needs</p>
        <div
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="reference|broker reviews"
            class="callout-btn">See Reviews</div>
    </a>
</div>            </div
            ><div class="col video" style="width:20%;">
                <a class="icon-title inv-icon-home" href="/video/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|latest videos"
>Latest Videos</a>
<div class="vids">
    <a href="/video/play/van-tharp-if-you-repeat-same-mistakes-thats-called-selfsabotage/"
       class="article video"
       data-content-type="video"
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="reference|latest videos"
    >
        <img
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="reference|latest videos"
            src="https://i.investopedia.com/image/jpeg/1518206257636/640thumbnailvantharpinstitute.jpg?quality=60&width=200&height=200">
        <span
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="reference|latest videos"
            class="article-title">Van Tharp: "If you repeat the same mistakes... that's called self-sabotage"</span>
    </a>
</div>            </div
            ><div class="col guides" style="width:20%;">
                <a class="icon-title inv-icon-home"
   href="/university/"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|guides"
>Guides</a>
<ul class="links">
    <li><a href="/university/stocks/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|stock basics"
        >Stock Basics</a></li>
    <li><a href="/university/economics/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|economic basics"
        >Economics Basics</a></li>
    <li><a href="/university/options/" 
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|options basics"
        >Options Basics</a></li>
</ul>            </div
            ><div class="col guides" style="width:20%;">
                <a class="icon-title inv-icon-home" href="/professionals/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="reference|exam prep"
>Exam Prep</a>
<ul class="links">
    <li><a href="/professionals/series7/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|series 7"
        >Series 7 Exam</a></li>
    <li><a href="/professionals/cfa/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|cfa level 1"
        >CFA Level 1</a></li>
    <li><a href="/professionals/series65/"
           data-content-type="topics"
           data-type="title"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="reference|series 65"
        >Series 65 Exam</a></li>
</ul>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</li>

                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/advisor-network/" class="menu-item-header"
       data-content-type="topics"
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="advisors"
    >
        <span
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="advisors"
            class="menu-title">Advisors</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col advisor" style="width:25%;">
                <a href="/advisor-network/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="advisors|advisor insights"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor insights"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">Advisor Insights</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor insights"
        class="desc">Our network of expert financial advisors field questions from our community.</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor insights"
        class="callout-btn">Ask A Question</div>
</a>            </div
            ><div class="col advisor" style="width:25%;">
                <a href="/advisor-network/apply/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="advisors|advisor join"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor join"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">Join Advisor Insights</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor join"
        class="desc">Are you a financial advisor? Showcase your expertise to 20+ million investors.</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor join"
        class="callout-btn">Join Now</div>
</a>            </div
            ><div class="col new" style="width:25%;">
                <a href="/financial-advisor/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="advisors|advisor content"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor content"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">Financial Advisors</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor content"
        class="desc">Sophisticated content for financial advisors
        around investment strategies, industry trends, and advisor education.</div>
</a>            </div
            ><div class="col find-advisor" style="width:25%;">
                <a href="/top-100-financial-advisors/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="advisors|advisor 100"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor 100"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">The Investopedia 100</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="advisors|advisor 100"
        class="desc">A celebration of the 100 most influential
        advisors and their contributions to critical  conversations on finance.</div>
</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</li>
                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/markets/" class="menu-item-header" 
       data-content-type="topics" 
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="markets"
    >
        <span
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="markets"
            class="menu-title">Markets</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col markets" style="width:45%;">
                <a href="/markets/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="markets|markets"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="markets|markets"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">Markets</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="markets|markets"
        class="desc">The latest markets news, real time quotes, financials and more.</div>
</a>            </div
            ><div class="col markets" style="width:45%;">
                <a href="/markets/watchlist/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="markets|watchlist"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="markets|watchlist"
        class="icon-title inv-icon-home">Watchlist</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="markets|watchlist"
        class="desc">Track stocks and ETFs</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="markets|watchlist"
        class="callout-btn">Add New Watchlist</div>
</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</li>
                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/simulator/" class="menu-item-header" 
       data-content-type="topics" 
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="simulator"
    >
        <span
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="simulator"
            class="menu-title">Simulator</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel tools">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col" style="width:50%;">
                <a href="/simulator/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="simulator|main"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="simulator|main"
        class="tool-title">Stock Simulator</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="simulator|main"
        class="tool-desc">Trade with a starting balance of $100,000 and zero risk!</div>
</a>            </div><div class="col" style="width:50%;">
                <a href="/simulator/portfolio/"
   data-content-type="topics"
   data-type="title"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="simulator|portfolio"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="simulator|portfolio"
        class="tool-title">My Portfolios</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="simulator|portfolio"
        class="tool-desc">View the performance of your stock and option holdings</div>
</a>            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</li>
                    <li class="menu-item">
    <a href="/academy/?aca_ref=header_home_link_1" class="menu-item-header academy" 
       data-content-type="topics" 
       data-type="title"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="academy"
    >
        <span
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy"
            class="menu-title">Academy</span>
    </a>
    <div class="menu-panel">
        <div class="inner page-width">
            <div class="col academy" style="width:33%;">
                <a href="/academy/?aca_ref=header_home_link_2"
   data-category="global"
   data-action="primary nav click"
   data-label="academy|main"
>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="academy|main"
        class="tool-title">Investopedia Academy</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="academy|main"
        class="tool-desc">Learn from the world's leader in financial education</div>
    <div
        data-category="global"
        data-action="primary nav click"
        data-label="academy|main"
        class="callout-btn">Check out all courses</div>
</a>            </div>
            <div class="col academy" style="width:34%;">
                <div class="icon-title">Featured Courses</div>
<div class="vids">
    <a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/courses/day-trading?aca_ref=header_course_1" class="article guides"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="academy|featured0"
    >
        <img
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy|featured0"
            src="https://i.investopedia.com/academy/header_become_a_day_trader.jpg">
        <div
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy|featured0">
            Become a day trader</div>
        <div data-category="global"
             data-action="primary nav click"
             data-label="academy|featured0"
             class="term-btn">Start Learning</div>
    </a>

    <a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/collections/excel-for-finance?aca_ref=header_course_2"
       class="article guides"
       data-category="global"
       data-action="primary nav click"
       data-label="academy|featured1"
    >
        <img
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy|featured1"
            src="https://i.investopedia.com/academy/header_excel_for_finance.jpg">
        <div
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy|featured1"
        >Excel for Finance</div>
        <div
            data-category="global"
            data-action="primary nav click"
            data-label="academy|featured1"
            class="term-btn">Start Learning</div>
    </a>
</div>            </div>
            <div class="col courses" style="width:25%;">
                <div class="icon-title">Latest Courses</div>
<ul class="links">
    <li><a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/products/investing-for-beginners?aca_ref=header_latest_1"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="academy|latest0">
            Investing for Beginners
        </a></li>
    <li><a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/products/find-great-value-stocks?aca_ref=header_latest_2"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="academy|latest1"
        >
            Find Great Value Stocks
        </a></li>
    <li><a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/products/cryptocurrency-for-beginners?aca_ref=header_latest_3"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="academy|latest2"
        >
            Cryptocurrency for Beginners
        </a></li>
    <li><a href="https://academy.investopedia.com/products/financial-modeling?aca_ref=header_latest_4"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="academy|latest3"
        >
            Financial Modeling
        </a></li>
    <li><a href="/academy/?aca_ref=header_home_link_3"
           data-category="global"
           data-action="primary nav click"
           data-label="academy|all">
            All Courses
        </a></li>
</ul>
</div>            </div>
    </div>
</li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="secondary">
                <div class="menu search">
    <div class="menu-header">
        <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-search"></span>
        <span class="menu-title"></span>
    </div>
    <ul class="menu-items">
        <li class="menu-item">
            <div class="header-search-box">
                <input type="text" name="SearchValue" class="symbol-autocomplete"
                       placeholder="Search News, Symbols, Terms" />
                <button type="button" name="SearchButton"></button>
            </div>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
                <div class="menu member">
    <div class="menu-header">
        <span class="menu-icon inv-icon-user"></span>
        <span class="menu-title"></span>
    </div>
    <ul class="menu-items menu-items-menu-member">
        <li class="menu-item">
            <a href="/accounts/login.aspx" rel="nofollow" class="menu-item-title"
               data-content-type="topics" data-type="title">Site Log In</a>
        </li>
        <li class="menu-item">
            <a href="/advisor-network/login/" rel="nofollow" class="menu-item-title"
               data-content-type="topics" data-type="title">Advisor Insights Log In</a>
        </li>
        <a href="/accounts/signupnewsletter/?subid=header&source=header" id="headerNL"
           class="menu newsletters" data-content-type="topics" data-type="title">
            <div class="menu-header">
              <span class="menu-title">Newsletters</span
              ><span class="menu-icon inv-icon-newsletters"></span>
            </div>
        </a>
    </ul>
</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</header>

<!-- pre-subchannel op: insights -->
<!-- post-subchannel op:  -->


<script language = "JavaScript">
    var url = window.location.href;
    if ((url.indexOf("accounts/signup-newsletter-fb") !== -1) || (url.indexOf("accounts/facebook-coreg") !== -1)) {
        $( ".menus").hide();
        $(".subchannels").hide();
    }
</script>

                                            

<div class="ad-leaderboard">
    <div id='AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard'>
        <script type="text/javascript">
        </script>
    </div>
</div>

                                        

<div id='AdSlot_PG-Web-Bar'>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</div>
    


    <div id="Content" class="layout-size">
        <div class="layout-title article-author-bar">
            <h1>
                What Harvey and Irma Mean for the Economy and Your Portfolio            </h1>
                                    
<div class="layout-body-topbar clear social-share  ">
    <span class="by-author ">
    By <a href="/contributors/55188/">Mrinalini Krishna</a> | Updated September 11, 2017 &#8212; 2:57 PM EDT    </span>
        
    <div class="share-buttons gaEvent" data-module-type="social" data-module="share buttons">
  <div class="share-buttons-inner">
    <a class="share-popup" href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=371867692868423&display=popup&href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Finsights%2Fwhat-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dshareurlbuttons&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fmisc%2Fcallback%2Ffacebook%2F" data-content-type="Article" data-type="fb">
      <div class="facebook-share-button share-button">
        <div class="logo">
          <img src="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/facebook-share-14.png" />
          <span>Share</span>
        </div>
      </div>
    </a>
    <a class="share-popup" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=What+Harvey+and+Irma+Mean+for+the+Economy+and+Your+Portfolio&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Finsights%2Fwhat-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dshareurlbuttons&via=investopedia" data-content-type="Article" data-type="twitter">
      <div class="twitter-tweet-button  share-button">
        <div class="logo">
          <img src="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/twitter-tweet.png" />
        </div>
      </div>
    </a>
    <a class="share-popup" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Finsights%2Fwhat-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio%3Futm_source%3Dlinkedin%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Dshareurlbuttons" data-content-type="Article" data-type="linkedin">
      <div class="linkedin-share-button  share-button">
        <div class="logo">
          <img src="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/linkedin-share.png" />
        </div>
      </div>
    </a>
  </div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">

  if (!$('.by-author').length){
    $('.social-share').css('width', 'inherit');
  }

  $('body').on('click', '.share-popup', function (e) {
    e.preventDefault();

    var width = 575,
      height = 400,
      left = ($(window).width() - width) / 2,
      top = ($(window).height() - height) / 2,
      url = this.href,
      opts   = 'status=1' +
        ',width='  + width  +
        ',height=' + height +
        ',top='    + top    +
        ',left='   + left;

    window.open(url, 'share-popup', opts);

    return false;
  });


  function closePopup(popupWindow){
    popupWindow.close();
  }


</script>
  
  <style>
    .layout-title h1, .layout-title .h1 {
      max-width: calc(100% - 210px);
      width: 100%;
      display: inline-block;
      padding-right: 0 !important;
    }

    .by-author {
      max-width: calc(100% - 210px);
      width: 100%;
    }

    .layout-body-topbar{
      display: inline-block;
    }

    .social-share {
      display: inline-block;
      vertical-align: middle;
      max-width: 1130px;
      width:100%;
      z-index: 1;
    }

    .share-buttons {
      display: inline-block;
      float: right;
      padding-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .share-buttons a:hover {
      text-decoration: none;
    }

    .share-button {
      display: none;
      color: white;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      font-size: 15px;
      border-radius: 2px;
      padding: 9px 10px 7px;
    }

    .share-button.facebook-share-button, .share-button.twitter-tweet-button, .share-button.linkedin-share-button {
      display: inline-block;
      vertical-align: top
    }

    .share-button.twitter-tweet-button .logo, .share-button.linkedin-share-button .logo {
      height: 18px;
      margin-top: 4px;
    }

    .share-button img {
      vertical-align: middle;
      margin-right: 4px
    }

    .facebook-share-button {
      background-color: #3b5998;
    }

    .facebook-share-button:hover {
      background-color: #405697;
    }

    .twitter-tweet-button{
      background-color: #00aced;
    }

    .linkedin-share-button{
      background-color: #0077b5;
    }

    @media only screen and (max-width: 767px){
      .share-buttons {
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        float: none;
      }

      .by-author-partner + .share-buttons {
        margin: 10px 0 0;
      }

      .layout-body-topbar {
        display: initial;
      }

      .by-author{
        max-width: 100%;
      }

      .layout-title h1, .layout-title .h1 {
        max-width: 100%;
      }
    }

  </style>


</div>

        </div>

        <div class="layout-page">
            <div class="layout-content">
                <!--  -->
                                                    
                                            <aside class="watchlist">
                          <div class="inner">
                            <div class="tickers"></div>
                                                        </div>
                        </aside>
                                                      <div class="region region-content">
    <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system">

    
  <div class="content">
    
<script>
  function MultiString(fn) {
    return fn.toString().split('\n').slice(1, -1).join('\n');
  }
</script>

<div class="layout-body layout-body-article box clear">

    <!--FEATURED VIDEO -->
        <span class="">
            
      </span>

    <article>

    <div class="content-box" >
        <p>Hurricane Irma battered the coast of Florida just days after Hurricane Harvey ravaged the Gulf coast, taking lives, flooding homes and tearing up infrastructure. Though Irma's wrath inflicted less damage than had been expected, there has been significant damage to property and industry. Texas was the second largest state contributor to the U.S. GDP after California in the first quarter of this year, and devastation due to Harvey will have far reaching economic consequences for both its government and private investors.</p>
<p>The initial impact of Harvey has already begun to show up in economic data. The Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed U.S. jobless claims <a href="https://www.dol.gov/ui/data.pdf" target="_blank">data</a> that jumped to a near  two year high for the week ending September 2. With Irma following close at its heels, will this hurricane season have a palpable negative impact on the U.S. economy? New York Federal Reserve President William Dudley thinks it will be quite the opposite.</p>
<p>"Those effects tend to be pretty transitory," Dudley told CNBC in an <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/08/feds-dudley-hurricanes-will-boost-economic-activity-over-the-long-run.html" target="_blank">interview</a> last week. "The long-run effect of these disasters unfortunately is it actually lifts economic activity because you have to rebuild all the things that have been damaged by the storms."</p>
<h2>The Macro Economic Impact</h2>
<p>Houston and its surrounding metropolitan area is an important business center. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), in 2015, the Houston- The Woodlands- Sugar Land area was the <a href="https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_metro/gdp_metro_newsrelease.htm">fourth largest</a> metro area in terms of Gross Domestic Product (<a href="/terms/g/gdp.asp">GDP</a>), accounting for nearly $500 billion worth of output. That made it responsible for nearly 3% of the country’s GDP that year.</p>
<p>The Financial Times <a href="https://ftalphaville.ft.com/2017/08/29/2192908/early-estimates-of-harveys-economic-impact/">reported</a> that researchers from JP Morgan pegged the physical damage from Harvey between $10-$20 billion and the GDP impact at 0.1 percentage point. Those from Goldman Sachs were reported to estimate the economic impact at 0.2 percentage point of the GDP.</p>
<p>But understanding the GDP impact is complex. There are both short-term and long-term issues to consider. While the devastation will impair business and economic activity in addition to the losses in the short term, over the longer term repair and reconstruction could absorb some of the negative impact.</p>
<p>That was true for disasters like Katrina and Harvey is unlikely to buck that trend.</p>
<p>“To be sure some of the negative hit to growth will likely be offset by a boost to construction spending as rebuilding efforts get under way. Hence, this unfortunate event will not likely affect the overall trajectory of the economy or monetary policy,” said Deutsche Bank economist Brett Ryan, as <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/heres-economists-saying-hurricane-harveys-impact-154106784.html">quoted</a> by Yahoo Finance.</p>
<h2>Industry Specific Impact</h2>
<p>Texas is the largest contributor to the U.S. oil and gas industry. Many of the nation's largest refineries are located in the state, and Texas has drilling sites both inland and offshore. As hurricane Harvey lashed the state, many facilities were forced to shut down and many others forced to operate at reduced capacities.</p>
<p>According to the <a href="https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/09/f36/Hurricanes%20Irma%20and%20Harvey%20Event%20Summary%20%2325.pdf" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Energy</a> (DOE), as of September 10, 5.8% of U.S. oil refining capacity remains out of commission in the Gulf Coast region. Six refineries have restarted operations as compared to August 30 when nearly 18% of oil production and 19% of natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico (offshore) were shut because of the inclement weather. At that time a 100 manned platforms and 5 rigs were evacuated while onshore production also suffered in the range of 300,000 -500,000 barrels a day.</p>
<p>Ten petroleum refineries including the nation’s largest owned by Motiva in Port Arthur, Texas were forced to shut down at the end of August. These refineries had a combined refining capacity of over 3 million barrels a day accounting for 31.7% of total Gulf Coast refining capacity and 16.6% of total U.S. production, according to the DOE. </p>
<p>According to <a href="https://www.platts.com/latest-news/oil/newyork/oil-factbox-refinery-outages-port-closures-spread-26795344?utm_campaign=plattsbulletinemailtemplate_dyncontent%20-%20new%20eg&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=eloqua">S&amp;P Global Platts</a>, other facilities forced to shutter operations include Exxon Mobil’s (<a class="link-symbol" data-symbol="XOM" data-symbol-link="true" href="/markets/stocks/xom/" target="_tab_XOM">XOM</a>) Baytown and Beaumont Refineries, Valero Energy Corp.’s (<a class="link-symbol" data-symbol="VLO" data-symbol-link="true" href="/markets/stocks/vlo/" target="_tab_VLO">VLO</a>) Corpus Christi and Three Rivers plants, Petrobras’ Pasadena, Tx unit and Shell’s Deer Park, Tx refinery.</p>
<p><img height="278" src="//i.investopedia.com/content/article/what_hurricane_harve/harvey_image.jpg" width="400" /></p>
<p><em>Image courtsey: U.S. Energy Information Administration</em></p>
<p>In its latest update, the DOE said that some refineries had begun to restart their operations but it could take up to several weeks for them to return to their pre-hurricane operation levels depending on the extent of damage.</p>
<p><strong>Shipping &amp; Transportation</strong></p>
<p>Texas is also home to some of the country’s busiest and largest ports by cargo tonnage. In 2015, Texas ports <a href="http://www.txdot.gov/inside-txdot/division/maritime/ports.html">handled</a> 563 million tons of cargo, nearly 22% of all U.S. port tonnage. Houston (2nd), Beaumont (5th), Corpus Christi (6th) and Texas City (15th) were ranked among the Top 50 U.S. ports by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Heavy rain crippled the ability of these ports to allow ships to offload their cargo. The DOE report revealed that by August 28, 2017, 22 oil tankers carrying more than 15.3 million barrels of crude oil were unable to offload it due to port closures.</p>
<p>Flooding has also disrupted freight transport through road and rail. This could translate into delays and more importantly higher truckload rates per mile.</p>
<p><strong>Insurance</strong></p>
<p>As the extent of damage that hurricane Harvey has left in its wake starts becoming clearer, estimates of insurance costs have begun to emerge. While Insurance Council of Texas spokesperson Mark Hanna <a href="http://www.chron.com/business/article/Flood-of-insurance-claims-to-hit-region-next-12118315.php">pegs</a> the insurance loss figures close to the $12 billion seen for Hurricane Ike in 2008, JP Morgan analyst Sarah DeWitt estimates the figure to be closer to low single digit billions. (See also:<em> <a href="/news/hurricane-harvey-could-cause-havoc-insurance-companies/">Hurricane Harvey Could Cause Havoc for Insurance Companies</a>.</em>)</p>
<p>According a Marketwatch <a href="/news/hurricane-harvey-could-cause-havoc-insurance-companies/">report</a>, an analysis conducted by research firm CreditSights puts State Farm at the top of the list of insurers exposed to risks from Harvey based on direct premiums of homeowner’s insurance policies written in 2016 for Texas, followed by All Corp. (<a href="/markets/stocks/all/">ALL</a>) , Farmers Insurance,  <a data-category="performance marketing" 
    data-action="content cta link click" data-label="usaa" data-custom-dimension62="broker" data-custom-dimension63="usaa" href='/broker/usaa-review/'>USAA</a> and Liberty Mutual Insurance. CAN leads the pack for commercial insurance premiums.</p>
<p>All State stock was down over 3% August 24 through August 30. Historically however, it is the reinsurance companies that typically bear the brunt as insurance companies pass on their losses.</p>
<h2>Personal Finance Impact</h2>
<p>For people such natural disasters are not just a harrowing physical and psychological ordeal but can also be financially devastating. Research <a href="https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=665084071084094099085094082064093074057022040093022044117126112105124091093082069074107049044100122125039001073010119091118117038023052012001119084090074122120047006060021085073127085068025065108127069113027066010076121019117015092100072122018125&amp;EXT=pdf">conducted</a> by University of Illinois College of Law professor Robert Lawless suggests that hurricanes have a direct impact on personal bankruptcies. In fact, over the course of three years since the hurricane, states that have seen landfalls have also seen bankruptcy filings increase by over 45% on average.</p>
<p>The hit on personal finances is harder for people without adequate insurance and that could be a big factor in case of hurricane Harvey. As of June 20, 2016 in Harris County, the region that includes Houston and was the hardest hit, only 15% of homes had flood insurance policies according to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) <a href="https://bsa.nfipstat.fema.gov/reports/1011.htm">data</a>. The number of flood insurance policies in place has been on a decline in four out of the past five years.</p>
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="400" id="datawrapper-chart-gpzqO" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" msallowfullscreen="msallowfullscreen" oallowfullscreen="oallowfullscreen" scrolling="no" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gpzqO/1/" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="100%"></iframe></p>
<p>Harvey will pinch the pocketbooks of people outside the southwest when they stop to refill their car gas tanks. A drop in supply has ensured that gas prices are on their <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-storm-harvey-gasoline-idUSKCN1BA0EU" target="_blank">way up</a>. How long this trend lasts will depend upon how quickly the damage to refineries can be assessed and operations resumed.</p>
<h2>Federal Government Impact</h2>
<p>Not only does inadequate flood insurance hurt people whose homes the hurricane has destroyed, it also puts pressure on the National Flood Insurance Program. The program makes loss payments to those that do not have flood insurance and often borrows from the Treasury Department to meet its claims obligations.</p>
<p>However, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) had earlier this <a href="https://www.gao.gov/highrisk/national_flood_insurance/why_did_study#t=0">year</a> classified the program as high risk as it feels that the program will not be able to generate revenue in order to repay what it has borrowed.</p>
<p>“As of March 2016, FEMA owed the Treasury $23 billion, up from $20 billion as of November 2012. FEMA made a $1 billion principal repayment at the end of December 2014—its first such payment since 2010,” said the GAO.</p>
<h2>Investing Impact</h2>
<p>The stock markets have barely reacted to the Harvey news and seemed more worried about North Korea’s missile tests. As far as individual stocks are concerned, oil and gas stocks like Exxon and Royal Dutch Shell (<a href="/markets/stocks/rds.a/">RDS.A</a>) saw some movement but have remained largely flat between August 24 and August 30 while shares of Valero Energy have increased close to 1.5% potentially on the back of higher gasoline prices.</p>
<p>CNBC's Jim Cramer <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/28/cramer-tracks-hurricane-harveys-impact-on-energy-and-insurance-stocks.html" target="_blank">points out</a> that looking back, insurance stocks may take a hit over the short term but over the medium term as companies pass on the costs to reinsurers and seek to rates, such disasters could spell significant upside. Within three months of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, stocks such as Progressive Corp. (<a href="/markets/stocks/pgr/">PGR</a>)  jumped 27% while Chubb Limited (<a href="/markets/stocks/cb/">CB</a>) rose nearly 25%.</p>
<p><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="400" id="datawrapper-chart-bxvrl" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" msallowfullscreen="msallowfullscreen" oallowfullscreen="oallowfullscreen" scrolling="no" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/bxvrl/1/" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="100%"></iframe></p>
<p>Despite the production shutdown and the delay in import arrivals, crude oil prices have not rallied. Some analysts believe it could be an opportunity for shale producers to pounce.</p>
<p>“Although crude is affected in that area it also puts the focus more on being able to produce the oil through the shale. Shale is a big effect. That’s one reason why crude isn’t rallying as much,” said Howard Marella, President, Icon Alternatives, a futures investing firm. “There’s an alternative to that drilling, we could get crude through shale now. The shale production could increase considerably now which would give us a longer term outlook on how well we can much we can put out through shale per day.”</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>

                          <div id="gtm-IPM-Outstream">
            <script>
            // Trigger the code only:
              // - in UK
              // - at least 4 paragraphs in content
              // - no IC Rectangle in the page
              if ($('.content-box').find('p').length > 4 && !$('#AdSlot_IC-Rectangle').length) {
                dataLayer.push({
                  'event': 'includeIpmOutstream'
                });
              }
            </script>
          </div>
                
      
            </div>
    </article>

        <div></div>
    <div id="AdSlot_BC-TextNote" class="BC-Textnote">
        <script type="text/javascript">
            if (!noDfp || (typeof contentProgram !== "undefined" && contentProgram) ) {
                // If content has the tag "partner-content-original" do not output a textnote ad unit on the page
                var articleTags = $("meta[property='article:tag']").attr("content");

                if (articleTags == undefined) {
                    articleTags = '';
                }
                if ( (articleTags.indexOf('partner-content-original') == -1) || (typeof contentProgram !== "undefined" && contentProgram) ) {
                    var textNote = {
                        divId: "AdSlot_BC-TextNote",
                        sizes: "",
                        position: "BC-Textnote",
                        isOutOfPage: true,
                        targeting: { Location : 'BC-Textnote' },
                    };
                                            idc.displayAd(textNote);
                    

                                //renderAd();
                                }
            }
        </script>
    </div>

        <script type="text/javascript">
    dataLayer.push({
     'event': 'includeLeadGenTable',
     'leadGenTier' : '',
     'leadGenVertical' : '',
     'leadGenLayout' : '',
     'leadGenPage' : ''
    });
    </script>    <div 
    data-layout=""
    data-leadgen=""
    data-type=""
    data-target=""
    data-tier=""
    id="below-content-above-textnote"
    class="leadgen"
    ></div>        <div 
    data-layout=""
    data-leadgen=""
    data-type=""
    data-target=""
    data-tier=""
    id="below-content-below-textnote"
    class="leadgen"
    ></div>    
            
                </div>

<div class="box col-right big-image gtm-colombian-native-8 gtm-colombian-native-9" id="term_ArticlesOfInterest" data-module-type="recirc" data-module="related articles">
  <!-- Related ContentA - new. Block name: deepblue_term_articles_of_interest -->    <script>
      var relatedArticleHtml = MultiString(function () {/**

       <div class="title">Related Articles</div><ol class="list gaEvent">
                                            
                                            <li class="item first ">
                                                                        <a   href="/news/hurricane-harvey-could-cause-havoc-insurance-companies/" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="1"
                                      data-row="top"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/hurricane_harvey_cou/thinkstockphotos531243625.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/hurricane_harvey_cou/thinkstockphotos531243625.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Investing</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/news/hurricane-harvey-could-cause-havoc-insurance-companies/"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="1"
                                      data-row="top"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    Hurricane Harvey Could Cause Havoc for Insurance Companies                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> The hurricane&#039;s impact could mount losses and multiply insurance claims. </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                            <li class="item second ">
                                                                        <a   href="/news/how-stocks-economy-will-suffer-irma-harvey/" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="2"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/how_stocks_economy_/washington_shutterstock_173246237.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/how_stocks_economy_/washington_shutterstock_173246237.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Insights</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/news/how-stocks-economy-will-suffer-irma-harvey/"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="2"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    How Stocks, Economy Will Suffer From Irma, Harvey                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> Forward momentum in the U.S. economy and S&amp;P 500 are likely throttled by Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                            <li class="item third ">
                                                                        <a   href="/articles/personal-finance/071114/hurricane-insurance-deductible-fact-sheet.asp" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="3"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/house_hurricane_178756342.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/dimages/graphics/house_hurricane_178756342.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Insurance</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/articles/personal-finance/071114/hurricane-insurance-deductible-fact-sheet.asp"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="3"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    Hurricane Insurance Deductible Fact Sheet                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> If you&#039;re a homeowner with property in a high-risk hurricane area, you need to understand the special details of your hurricane insurance deductible. </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/advisor-network/articles/business-insurance-lessons-texassized-flood/" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Advisor Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="4"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/content/advisor_article/small_business_finan/insurance_shutterstock_46692523.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/content/advisor_article/small_business_finan/insurance_shutterstock_46692523.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Small Business</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/advisor-network/articles/business-insurance-lessons-texassized-flood/"
                                      data-content-type="Advisor Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="4"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    Business Insurance Lessons From a Texas-Sized Flood                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> If you own a small business, make sure it is insured against losses due to flooding or hurricanes. </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/financial-edge/0311/the-financial-effects-of-a-natural-disaster.aspx" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="5"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/natural-disater.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/natural-disater.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Insights</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/financial-edge/0311/the-financial-effects-of-a-natural-disaster.aspx"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="5"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    The Financial Effects of a Natural Disaster                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> We&#039;re all subject to Mother Nature&#039;s whims. Learn how the damage caused by natural disasters can have far-reaching effects and how to prepare yourself.  </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/news/8-stocks-poised-rise-hurricane-harveys-wake/" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="6"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/8_stocks_poised_to_r/shutterstock_705327910.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/content/daily_blog/8_stocks_poised_to_r/shutterstock_705327910.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Investing</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/news/8-stocks-poised-rise-hurricane-harveys-wake/"
                                      data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="6"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    8 Stocks Poised to Rise in Hurricane Harvey&#039;s Wake                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> The tens of billions of dollars to rebuild after the disaster could boost stock prices for a number of companies </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/financial-edge/0610/the-most-expensive-home-insurance-perils.aspx" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="7"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/hurriance_eye.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/hurriance_eye.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Managing Wealth</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/financial-edge/0610/the-most-expensive-home-insurance-perils.aspx"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="7"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    The Most Expensive Home Insurance Perils                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> Floods, hurricanes, mold, earthquakes - the threats to your home are numerous.  </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/financial-edge/0510/the-real-cost-of-natural-disasters.aspx" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="8"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/offshore-oil.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/inv/articles/financialedge/offshore-oil.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Taxes</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/financial-edge/0510/the-real-cost-of-natural-disasters.aspx"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="8"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    The Real Cost Of Natural Disasters                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> Earthquakes, hurricanes, oil spills and other disasters have a very real cost, but who foots the bill?  </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/advisor-network/articles/4-common-misconceptions-about-homeowners-insurance/" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Advisor Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="9"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/image/jpeg/1510069601394/shutterstock_117675730_damage_from_hurricane.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/image/jpeg/1510069601394/shutterstock_117675730_damage_from_hurricane.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Insurance</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/advisor-network/articles/4-common-misconceptions-about-homeowners-insurance/"
                                      data-content-type="Advisor Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="9"
                                      data-row="mid"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    4 Common Misconceptions About Homeowners Insurance                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> There are many misconceptions about homeowners insurance. These are the most common.  </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
                                
                                                <li class="item nth">
                                                                <a   href="/articles/company-insights/082816/flood-insurance-myths-and-misconceptions.asp" class="item-image"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="image"
                                      data-ordinal="10"
                                      data-row="bot"
                                      data-col="left">
                            <img class="item-image-src"
                                 src="https://i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/all-purpose/shutterstock_67023106.jpg?quality=60&width=180&height=120"
                                 onerror="this.onerror='';this.src='//i.investopedia.com/inv/genericcontentimages/all-purpose/shutterstock_67023106.jpg';return true;"
                                 alt="" title=""/>
                </a>
                            
                            <div class="item-category">Insurance</div>
            
            
            <h3 class="item-title">
                
                    <a   href="/articles/company-insights/082816/flood-insurance-myths-and-misconceptions.asp"
                                      data-content-type="Short Article"
                                      data-type="title"
                                      data-ordinal="10"
                                      data-row="bot"
                                      data-col="left">                                                    Flood Insurance: Myths and Misconceptions                                            </a>
                
                            </h3>

            
            
            
            
                            <div class="item-description"> What does flood insurance cover? There are several myths about flood insurance cost, coverage, who needs flood insurance and what constitutes flood damage. </div>
            
            
            
            </li>
            </ol>

       **/});

      $(document).ready(function () {
        $('#term_ArticlesOfInterest').prepend(relatedArticleHtml);
      });
    </script>

    
    <!-- AF Native Ad-->
        <!-- end AF Native Ad-->
</div>

<div class="article-related-articles-responsive"></div>


  <div class="box box-mediummore-margin first-letter-content clear" id="bl_term_ralated_faqs" data-module-type="recirc" data-module="related faqs">
                     </div>
  <script>
    var relatedFaqHtml = MultiString(function () {/**

             <div class="title">RELATED FAQS</div>
        <ol class="list gaEvent">                <li class="item nth">
                    <h3 class="item-title">
                        <a href="/ask/answers/100314/what-economic-indicators-do-oil-and-gas-investors-need-watch.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Title | 2"
                           data-label="What economic indicators do oil and gas investors need to watch? | /ask/answers/100314/what-economic-indicators-do-oil-and-gas-investors-need-watch.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="2"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">What economic indicators do oil and gas investors need to watch?</a>
                    </h3>
                    <div class="item-description">Leading indicators for oil and gas investments are centered around the levels of production, consumer demand and inventory ...  <a class="accordion-desc-link" href="/ask/answers/100314/what-economic-indicators-do-oil-and-gas-investors-need-watch.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Abbreviated text | 2"
                           data-label="What economic indicators do oil and gas investors need to watch? | /ask/answers/100314/what-economic-indicators-do-oil-and-gas-investors-need-watch.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="2"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">Read Answer >></a></div>
                </li>                <li class="item nth">
                    <h3 class="item-title">
                        <a href="/ask/answers/111115/why-do-some-oil-refineries-get-tax-exemptions.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Title | 3"
                           data-label="Why do some oil refineries get tax exemptions? | /ask/answers/111115/why-do-some-oil-refineries-get-tax-exemptions.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="3"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">Why do some oil refineries get tax exemptions?</a>
                    </h3>
                    <div class="item-description">Understand why some oil refineries in the United States receive tax exemptions. Learn what is being done about it and who ...  <a class="accordion-desc-link" href="/ask/answers/111115/why-do-some-oil-refineries-get-tax-exemptions.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Abbreviated text | 3"
                           data-label="Why do some oil refineries get tax exemptions? | /ask/answers/111115/why-do-some-oil-refineries-get-tax-exemptions.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="3"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">Read Answer >></a></div>
                </li>                <li class="item nth">
                    <h3 class="item-title">
                        <a href="/ask/answers/061815/what-average-return-total-revenue-insurance-sector.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Title | 4"
                           data-label="What is the average return on total revenue for the insurance sector? | /ask/answers/061815/what-average-return-total-revenue-insurance-sector.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="4"
                           data-row="bot"
                           data-col="left">What is the average return on total revenue for the insurance sector?</a>
                    </h3>
                    <div class="item-description">Learn about the three main segments of the insurance industry, and find out what the average return on revenues is for the ...  <a class="accordion-desc-link" href="/ask/answers/061815/what-average-return-total-revenue-insurance-sector.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Abbreviated text | 4"
                           data-label="What is the average return on total revenue for the insurance sector? | /ask/answers/061815/what-average-return-total-revenue-insurance-sector.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="4"
                           data-row="bot"
                           data-col="left">Read Answer >></a></div>
                </li>                <li class="item nth">
                    <h3 class="item-title">
                        <a href="/ask/answers/091815/can-your-insurance-company-cancel-your-policy-without-notice.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Title | 6"
                           data-label="Can your insurance company cancel your policy without notice? | /ask/answers/091815/can-your-insurance-company-cancel-your-policy-without-notice.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="6"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">Can your insurance company cancel your policy without notice?</a>
                    </h3>
                    <div class="item-description">Learn about your rights as an insured when it comes to your insurance policy being canceled, including how to access your ...  <a class="accordion-desc-link" href="/ask/answers/091815/can-your-insurance-company-cancel-your-policy-without-notice.asp"
                           data-cat="related_content"
                           data-act="deepblue_term_related_faqs | Abbreviated text | 6"
                           data-label="Can your insurance company cancel your policy without notice? | /ask/answers/091815/can-your-insurance-company-cancel-your-policy-without-notice.asp"
                           data-content-type="FAQ"
                           data-type="title"
                           data-ordinal="6"
                           data-row="mid"
                           data-col="left">Read Answer >></a></div>
                </li></ol>
     **/});

    $(document).ready(function () {
      $('#bl_term_ralated_faqs').prepend(relatedFaqHtml);
    });
  </script>

    <div class="bf-responsive"></div>

    <div class="content-tags layout-tickers">
                <i>STOCKS: </i>
                <a href="/markets/stocks/xom/">XOM</a>, <a href="/markets/stocks/vlo/">VLO</a>    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div class="layout-side" style="opacity: 0; display:none;" >
            <!--   NADEX RSS FEED   -->
            
<!--All files included are in the order they appear in the right rail.-->
<!--The logic for determining whether a widget will show or not is in the widget itself-->
<div class="inner-helper">
<!--ad af-right-multi-->
  <div class="box center ad af-right-multi">
    <div id='AdSlot_AF-Right-Multi'>
      <script type="text/javascript">
      </script>
    </div>
  </div>

<!-- Bloomberg Stock Video -->

<!--  Advsor Insight Login -->

<!-- Recent Videos (/slide-show/all/) -->

<!-- Last Questions Asked -->

<!-- Active Trading - Stock Analysis -->


<!-- News - Stock Analysis -->


<!-- Active Trading - Investopedia Features -->


<!-- Markets/stock-analysis - Investing News -->


<!-- Personal Finance Subchannels - Life Stages -->


<!-- Personal Finance Subchannels - Save Money -->

<!-- Related Content  -->


<!-- Articles of Interest -->

<!-- Frequently Asked Questions -->




<!-- Tutorials -->


<!-- FOREX Landing ONLY - Live Rates -->




<!-- FOREX Landing ONLY - Currency Converter -->

<!-- FOREX Landing ONLY - Currency Converter -->

  <!-- INV-3207 replace HOT DEFINITIONS to Relate article for content type COMMENTARY && DAILY_BLOG -->
  <div class="box smallspace-item features widget-trending" style="display:none; max-height: 0;">
    <div class="title">
      Trending
    </div>
          <ol class="list gaEvent" data-module-type="recirc" data-module="trending">
                  <li class="item first">
            <h3 class="item-title">
              <a href="/taxes/how-gop-tax-bill-affects-you/"
                 data-content-type="Article"
                 data-type="title"
                 data-ordinal="1"
                 data-row="top"
                 data-col="left">How the GOP Tax Bill Affects You </a>
            </h3>
          </li>
                  <li class="item first">
            <h3 class="item-title">
              <a href="/news/market-crashing-please-explain-what-all-these-words-mean/"
                 data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                 data-type="title"
                 data-ordinal="2"
                 data-row="mid"
                 data-col="left">The Market Is Crashing. Please Explain What All of These Words Mean</a>
            </h3>
          </li>
                  <li class="item first">
            <h3 class="item-title">
              <a href="/tech/who-roger-ver-bitcoin-jesus/"
                 data-content-type="Article"
                 data-type="title"
                 data-ordinal="3"
                 data-row="mid"
                 data-col="left">Who Is Roger Ver, aka "Bitcoin Jesus"?</a>
            </h3>
          </li>
                  <li class="item first">
            <h3 class="item-title">
              <a href="/retirement/social-security-changes/"
                 data-content-type="Article"
                 data-type="title"
                 data-ordinal="4"
                 data-row="mid"
                 data-col="left">5 Social Security Changes to Expect in 2018</a>
            </h3>
          </li>
                  <li class="item first">
            <h3 class="item-title">
              <a href="/news/how-new-tax-law-impacts-cryptocurrencies-trump/"
                 data-content-type="Daily Blog"
                 data-type="title"
                 data-ordinal="5"
                 data-row="bot"
                 data-col="left">How the New Tax Law Impacts Cryptocurrencies</a>
            </h3>
          </li>
              </ol>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
      // Show Trending Widget when there's no widget between AF-Right-Multi and BF-Right-Multi
      $(document).ready(function(){
        var elemsBetweenAds = $('.af-right-multi').nextUntil('.bf-right-multi').not('.widget-trending');
        if( elemsBetweenAds.length == 0) {
          $('.widget-trending').css({
            'display': 'block',
            'max-height': 'none'
          });
        }
      });

    </script>
  </div>

      <!-- Hot Definitions  -->
    
  
<!-- Exam Prep - Financial Professionals  -->

<!-- ad bf-right-multi -->
  <div class="box center ad bf-right-multi">
    <div id='AdSlot_BF-Right-Multi'>
      <script type="text/javascript">
      </script>
    </div>
  </div>

<!-- ad trading center (4 button ads) -->


<div class="box ">
        <div class="title">Trading Center</div>
        <ul class="ad-buttons clear">
            <li>
                <div id='AdSlot_BF-Right-Button1'>
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                    </script>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div id='AdSlot_BF-Right-Button2'>
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                    </script>
                </div>
            </li>
            <li>
                <div id='AdSlot_BF-Right-Button3'>
                    <script type="text/javascript">
                    </script>
                </div>
            </li>
                            <li>
                    <div id='AdSlot_BF-Right-Button4'>
                        <script type="text/javascript">
                        </script>
                    </div>
                </li>
            
        </ul>
        </div>




<!-- Partner Links -->



<div id="adPartnerLinks" class="box openxbuttons">
    <div class="title">Partner Links</div>
    <script>
        var textLinkCountryMap = ["US","GB","ES","NO","SE","CH","ZA","IE","IT","NL"];
        var dynamicTextAds = [];
        var adPartnerParentElm = $('div#adPartnerLinks');

        var maxLinks = 1;
        if($.inArray(invGCookie.geoCountry(), textLinkCountryMap) !== -1) {
            maxLinks = 2;
        }

        // INV-10266 - Add a 3rd Textnote for September 2017
        if (invGCookie.geoCountry() === 'US') {
            maxLinks = 3;
        }

        for (var i = 1; i <= maxLinks; i++) {
            var divId = "AdSlot_AF-Right-Textlink" + i;
            var position = "AF-Right-Textlink" + i;
            var innerAdDiv = $('<div>').addClass('adx-link-item').append($('<div>').attr('id', divId));
            adPartnerParentElm.append(innerAdDiv);
            dynamicTextAds.push({
                sizes: [[350, 35], [350, 55]],
                divId: divId,
                position: position,
                targeting: {
                    Location: position,
                },
            });
        }
        idc.displayAds(dynamicTextAds);
    </script>
</div>




</div>

<!--  Rail Sticky Functionality -->


    <script type="text/javascript">
        /////////////////////////////
        // Sticky Functionality
        /////////////////////////////

        // Init Var
        var docTop, winHeight, bfHeight, stickyStart, stickEnd;
        var $layoutSide = $('.layout-side');
        var layoutSideW = $layoutSide.width();
        var headerHeight = $('.header').outerHeight();
        // Stick only if bf-right-multi exist
        if ( $layoutSide.find('.bf-right-multi').length ) {
            
            // Bind Scroll event
            $(document).bind('scroll', function(){
                docTop = $(document).scrollTop();
                winHeight = $(window).outerHeight();

                // Get Sum Height from bf-right-multi to the end of rightrail
                var nextEls = $layoutSide.find('.bf-right-multi').nextAll().filter('.box');
                bfHeight = headerHeight;
                $.each(nextEls, function(i, el){
                    bfHeight += $(el).outerHeight(true);
                });
                bfHeight += $layoutSide.find('.bf-right-multi').outerHeight() -25;

                // Sticky works only if
                // - bfheight is less than browser height
                // - sidebar height is greater than the content height
                if ( winHeight >= bfHeight && $layoutSide.outerHeight() <= $('.layout-page').outerHeight() ) {

                    // Get Sum Height of the elements before bf-right-multi
                    var prevEls = $layoutSide.find('.bf-right-multi').prevAll().filter('.box');
                    var prevHeight = -headerHeight;
                    $.each(prevEls, function(i, el){
                        prevHeight += $(el).outerHeight() + 15;
                    });

                    stickyStart = $layoutSide.offset().top + prevHeight;
                    stickEnd = $layoutSide.parent().offset().top + $layoutSide.parent().outerHeight() - bfHeight - 55;

                    // Fixed
                    if( docTop > stickyStart && docTop < stickEnd) {
                        $layoutSide.find('.inner-helper').css({
                            'width': layoutSideW + 'px',
                            'position': 'fixed',
                            'top': -prevHeight + 'px',
                            'bottom': 'auto'
                        });
                    }
                    // remove fixed at the bottom of content
                    else if (docTop >= stickEnd) {
                        $layoutSide.find('.inner-helper').css({
                            'position': 'absolute',
                            'top': 'auto',
                            'bottom': '0px'
                        });
                    }
                    else {
                        $layoutSide.find('.inner-helper').css({
                            'position': 'relative',
                            'top': 'auto',
                            'bottom': 'auto'
                        });

                    }
                }else {
                    $layoutSide.find('.inner-helper').css({
                        'position': 'relative',
                        'top': 'auto',
                        'bottom': 'auto'
                    });
                }
            });

        }

        

    </script>

        </div>
    </div>

<script type="text/javascript">
    isDesktop = true;
    $(".layout-side").css({"opacity":"1", "display":""});

    $(document).ready(function(){
                $('.layout-content .content-box a')
            .filter(function() {
                var href = $(this).attr('href');
                return href && href.match(/\/markets\/(stocks|etfs)\//g);
            })
            .each(function()
            {
                var elm = $(this);
                var symbol = elm.attr('data-symbol');
                if(typeof symbol == 'undefined') {
                    symbol = $(this).text();
                    // If there's spaces in this string, or its longer than 10 chars
                    // it's probably not a symbol, just skip it.
                    if(symbol.indexOf(' ') > -1 || symbol.length >= 10) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
                var tooltip = $('<div class="tooltip ticker"><div class="inner"></div></div>');

                elm.append(tooltip);
                elm.addClass('watchlist-ticker');

                tooltip.find('> .inner').watchlistTicker({ symbols:[symbol], labelSuffix: 'tooltip' });
            });
            })
</script>

<style>
  .email_detect{
    display:none;
  }
</style>
<script>
  var overlaySubscriptionOn = false;
  function showOverlaySubscription() {
    $('.newsletter-overlay').addClass('active');

    var hashStr = investopedia.url.getFragment(window.location.href);
    var index = hashStr.indexOf("#ec|");
    if (index == -1) {
      index = hashStr.indexOf("#ec%7C");
      if (index != -1) {
        index = index + 2;
      }
    }
    var source = index == -1 ? "" : hashStr.substring(index + 4);
    var inputSubid = $(".newsletter-overlay .overlay-signup #subid");
    var inputSource = $(".newsletter-overlay .overlay-signup #source");
    inputSubid.val(source);
    inputSource.val(source);
    overlaySubscriptionOn = true;
  }

  function hideOverlaySubscription() {
    $('.newsletter-overlay').removeClass('active');
    overlaySubscriptionOn = false;
  }

  $(document).ready(function(){

    /*
    $('.overlay-signup form#account-api-newsletters-widget-deepblue-form').submit(function (e) {
      var result = false;
      $(this).find("input[name=inv_id]").validate({
        rules: [
          { type: "notempty", msg: "Please provide your email address." },
          { type: "email" }
        ],
        onComplete: function (res, elm) {
          result = res;
          if(result) {
            hideOverlaySubscription();
          }
        } });
      return result;
    });
*/
  });
</script>

<div class="newsletter-overlay" id="newsletter-overlay">
  <div class="inner-helper">
    <div class="description">
      <a class="close" onclick="hideOverlaySubscription();"></a>
      <div class="newsletter-header">
        <a href="/">
          <div class="brand"><img src="//i.investopedia.com/public/img/logo_dark_new.png"></div>
        </a>
      </div>

      <p>Want to learn how to invest?</p>
      <h3>Get a free 10 week email series that will teach you how to start investing.</h3>
      <p class="highlight">Delivered twice a week, straight to your inbox.</p>

    </div>
    <div class="overlay-signup">
      <form action="/accounts/onestep-email" method="get"
            class="newsletter-widget-form"
            id="account-api-newsletters-widget-deepblue-form"
            accept-charset="UTF-8"
            target="_blank">
        <input type="text_field" class="email" name="inv_id"
               placeholder="Enter your email">
        <input type="text_field" class="email_detect" id="email_detect" name="email_detect"
               placeholder="">
        <input type="hidden" name="newsletter" value="investing-basics-series">
        <input type="hidden" id="subid" name="subid" value="">
        <input type="hidden" id="source" name="source" value="">
        <input type="submit" class="submit" value="Sign Up" >

        <a class="no-thanks" onclick="hideOverlaySubscription();"><em>No thanks, I prefer not making money.</em></a>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>


<div class='bf-footer-leaderboard' id='AdSlot_BF-Footer-Leaderboard'>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    </script>
</div>
    <div id="Footer">
        <div class="mid">
            <div class="footer-inner layout-size">
                <!--<a href="#" class="to-top">TOP</a>-->
                <!-- Footer logo -->
                <div class="clear">
                    <a href="/" class="logo"></a>
                    <div class="search-bars">
    <div class="search-box clear">

        <div class="form-box form-group">
                <div>
                    <div class="container-inline form-wrapper" id="edit-basic">
                        <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-symbol">
                            <input type="text" class="SearchValue form-text input-text input-help invSearchText" value="Search Investopedia">
                        </div>
                        <input type="button" name="invSearchBtn" class="invSearchBtn search-btn form-submit">

                    </div>
                </div>
        </div>

    </div>

</div>                </div>
                <ul class="flist">
                    <li>Dictionary:</li>
                    <li><a href="/terms/1/">#</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/a/">a</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/b/">b</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/c/">c</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/d/">d</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/e/">e</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/f/">f</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/g/">g</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/h/">h</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/i/">i</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/j/">j</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/k/">k</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/l/">l</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/m/">m</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/n/">n</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/o/">o</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/p/">p</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/q/">q</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/r/">r</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/s/">s</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/t/">t</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/u/">u</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/v/">v</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/w/">w</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/x/">x</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/y/">y</a></li>
                                            <li><a href="/terms/z/">z</a></li>
                                    </ul>
                <div class="column-list clear">
                    <div class="col-l">
                        <ul>
                            <li class="first">Content Library</li>
                            <li><a href="/articles/">Articles</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/dictionary/">Terms</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/video/">Videos</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/university/">Guides</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/slide-show/">Slideshows</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/ask/">FAQs</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/calculator/">Calculators</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/active-trading/chartadvisor/">Chart Advisor</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/markets/stock-analysis/">Stock Analysis</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/simulator/">Stock Simulator</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/exam-prep-quizzes/">Exam Prep Quizzer</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/net-worth/">Net Worth Calculator</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/calculator/mortgage-calculator/">Mortgage Calculator</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-r foot-icons">
                        <ul>
                            <li class="first">Connect With Investopedia</li>
                        </ul>
                        <a
                            class="icon-twitter"
                            href="http://www.facebook.com/Investopedia" 
                            target="_blank" 
                            title="Go to the Investopedia Facebook Page." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-facebook"></span>
                        </a>
                        <a
                            class="icon-twitter"
                            href="http://twitter.com/#!/investopedia"
                            target="_blank" 
                            title="Go to the Investopedia Twitter Page." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-twitter"></span>
                        </a>
                        <a
                            class="icon-linkedin"
                            href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/investopedia-ulc" 
                            target="_blank" 
                            title="Go to the Investopedia LinkedIn Page." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-linkedin-1"></span>
                        </a>
                        <a
                            class="icon-rss"
                            href="/rss/"
                            title="Subscribe to Investopedia RSS news feeds here." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-rss-1"></span>
                        </a>
                        <a
                            class="icon-stocktwits"
                            href="http://stocktwits.com/investopedia"
                            target="_blank" 
                            title="Go to the Investopedia Stocktwits Page." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-stocktwits"></span>    
                        </a>
                        <a
                            class="icon-youtube"
                            href="https://www.youtube.com/user/investopediacom"
                            target="_blank" 
                            title="Go to the Investopedia YouTube Page." 
                        >
                            <span class="inv-icon-youtube-play"></span>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="column-list clear">
                    <div class="col-l">
                        <ul>
                            <li class="first">Work With Investopedia</li>
                            <li><a href="/corp/about.aspx">About Us</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/corp/advertise.aspx">Advertise With Us</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/corp/contactus.aspx">Contact Us</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/careers/" rel="nofollow">Careers</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>

                    <div class="col-r">
                        <ul class="menu-items">
                            <li class="first">Get Free Newsletters</li>
                            <li><a href="/accounts/signupnewsletter/?subid=footer&source=footer" id="footerNL" class="icon-newsletter">Newsletters</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- .mid -->
        <div class="btm">
            <div class="mobile-careers column-list">
                <ul>
                    <li class="first">Work With Investopedia</li>
                    <li><a href="/corp/about.aspx">About Us</a></li>
                    <li><a href="/corp/advertise.aspx">Advertise With Us</a></li>
                    <li><a href="/corp/contactus.aspx">Contact Us</a></li>
                    <li><a href="/careers/" rel="nofollow">Careers</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="copyright layout-size clear">
                <span>&copy; 2018, Investopedia, LLC.</span>
                <span class="footer-legal-links">
                    <a href="/corp/copyright.aspx">All Rights Reserved</a>
                    <a href="/corp/termsofuse.aspx">Terms Of Use</a>
                    <a href="/corp/privacypolicy.aspx" class="last">Privacy Policy</a>
                </span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

<script language="JavaScript">
    if (user_info) {
        $('#footerNL').attr("href", "/accounts/subscriptions/?id=" + user_info.uid);
    }
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">
    var pfEnabled = true;
    var hash = investopedia.url.getFragment(window.location.href);
    if (hash != null) {
        if (typeof hash.startsWith === "function") {
            if (hash.startsWith("#ec") || hash.startsWith("#ra")) {
                pfEnabled = false;
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfEnabled) {
        var adSlots = ["AdSlot_BF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_AF-Right-Multi","AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard","AdSlot_IC-Rectangle","AdSlot_AF-Left-Multi","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button1","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button2","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button3","AdSlot_BF-Right-Button4"];

        for (var i = 0; i < adSlots.length; i++) {
            var adSlot = document.getElementById(adSlots[i]);
            if (adSlot) {
                adSlot.setAttribute('adonis-marker', '');
            }
        }
    }
</script>

<!--  Leaderboard Sticky Functionality -->
<script type="text/javascript">

    googletag.cmd.push( function() {
        googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) {
            if (event.slot.getSlotElementId().indexOf("AdSlot_AF-Top-Leaderboard") > -1) {
                if (!$('.no-symbol').length && !(typeof contentProgram !== "undefined" && contentProgram)) {
                    var headerHeight = $('.header').outerHeight();
                    var $adLeaderboard = $(".ad-leaderboard");
                    var stickLimit = 130;

                    // Add ScrollFix Helper
                    if (!$('.ad-leaderboard-helper').length) {
                        var $leaderboardHelper = $('<div>').addClass('ad-leaderboard-helper');
                        $leaderboardHelper.css('height', $adLeaderboard.outerHeight() + 'px');
                        $leaderboardHelper.insertBefore($adLeaderboard);
                    }

                    $(window).bind('scroll', function () {
                        var scrollTop = $(window).scrollTop();

                        // redefine ad-leaderboard as scroll because ads dimension get changed after render.
                        $adLeaderboard = $(".ad-leaderboard");
                        $leaderboardHelper.css('height', $adLeaderboard.outerHeight() + 'px');

                        if ($(".layout-page").length) {
                            stickLimit = $(".layout-page").offset().top - headerHeight - $adLeaderboard.outerHeight();
                        }

                        if (scrollTop > stickLimit && scrollTop > 0) {
                            $adLeaderboard.addClass("not-inview");
                        } else if (scrollTop < 5 || scrollTop > 650) {
                            $adLeaderboard.removeClass("not-inview");
                            $adLeaderboard.removeClass("fixed");
                            $leaderboardHelper.removeClass('active');
                        } else {
                            $adLeaderboard.removeClass("not-inview");
                            $adLeaderboard.addClass("fixed");
                            $leaderboardHelper.addClass('active');
                        }

                    });
                }
            }
        });
    });
</script>

<script>
    // INV-10738 Optimizely test start.
    var layoutMatch = /lgl=([^#\?;]*)/.exec(window.location);
    var lgLayout = '';
    if(layoutMatch && layoutMatch.length > 1){
        lgLayout = layoutMatch[1];
    }

    switch(lgLayout) {
        case 'af-top-textlink-in-content':
            var ps = $('.content-box p');
            var h2s = $('.content-box h2');
            var strongs = $('.content-box strong');
            var element;
            if (h2s.length && h2s.length >= 3) {
                element = h2s[2];
            } else if (strongs.length && strongs.length >= 3) {
                element = strongs[2];
            } else if (ps.length && ps.length >= 6) {
                element = ps[5];
            }
            if (element) {
                $('.ad-textlink.full-width-iframe').insertBefore(element);
            }
            break;
    }
    // INV-10738 Optimizely test end.
</script>
    <script type="text/javascript" data-id="article-page-type.js" src="//i.investopedia.com/dist/article-page-type.min.js?v=5.766"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
                    var TOKEN_ENDPOINT = '//www.investopedia.com/markets/api/token/xignite/encrypted/';
                    var MARKET_SUPPORT_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = 'https://api.investopedia.com/markets/';
                    var MARKET_SUPPORT_SERVICE_KEY = 'OB14KX6LPscfEcDS8CeRZvd8uldJGqViHuT2BcpP';
                    var xignite = new investopedia.markets.Xignite(
                        '15B2186D55CB1AEFD12E7C2C2DE9CBB9110DFB516C5307188C5E44131653A7F1F21A023037A60A72A0BD84E57E5C9E3CC9EEE722',
                        '46384',
                        '1518503504992',
                        '-5', true);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
                              $('aside.watchlist .tickers').watchlistTicker({
                                symbols: ["XOM","VLO"],
                                symbolsData: {"XOM":{"Outcome":"Success","Message":"Delay times are 15 mins for NYSE.","Identity":"Request","Delay":0.0156359,"SourceAPI":"XigniteGlobalQuotes_v3","InstrumentType":"Stock","Name":"Exxon Mobil Corp","Identifier":"XOM","IdentifierType":"Symbol","Market":"NYSE","MarketIdentificationCode":"XNYS","DateTime":"2018-02-12 16:00:00","UTCOffset":-5,"Currency":"USD","Open":77.05,"High":77.621,"Low":75.841,"Last":76.42,"LastSize":3336907,"Volume":19340419,"VolumeDate":"2018-02-12","PreviousClose":75.78,"PreviousCloseDate":"2018-02-09","Change":0.64,"PercentChange":0.845,"ExtendedHoursType":"PostMarket","ExtendedHoursDateTime":"2018-02-12 19:59:07","ExtendedHoursPrice":76.55,"ExtendedHoursChange":0.13,"ExtendedHoursPercentChange":0.17,"Bid":76.46,"BidSize":1000,"BidDateTime":"2018-02-12 19:59:55","Ask":76.54,"AskSize":500,"AskDateTime":"2018-02-12 19:59:55","TradingHalted":false,"marketOpenDate":{"OpenDate":"2\/12\/2018","OpenTime":"9:30 AM","CloseTime":"4:00 PM"}},"VLO":{"Outcome":"Success","Message":"Delay times are 15 mins for NYSE.","Identity":null,"Delay":0,"SourceAPI":"XigniteGlobalQuotes_v3","InstrumentType":"Stock","Name":"Valero Energy Corp","Identifier":"VLO","IdentifierType":"Symbol","Market":"NYSE","MarketIdentificationCode":"XNYS","DateTime":"2018-02-12 16:00:00","UTCOffset":-5,"Currency":"USD","Open":88.25,"High":89.69,"Low":88.13,"Last":88.84,"LastSize":744263,"Volume":4020910,"VolumeDate":"2018-02-12","PreviousClose":88.22,"PreviousCloseDate":"2018-02-09","Change":0.62,"PercentChange":0.703,"ExtendedHoursType":"PostMarket","ExtendedHoursDateTime":"2018-02-12 19:06:20","ExtendedHoursPrice":89.19,"ExtendedHoursChange":0.35,"ExtendedHoursPercentChange":0.394,"Bid":88.01,"BidSize":100,"BidDateTime":"2018-02-12 20:00:00","Ask":89.19,"AskSize":500,"AskDateTime":"2018-02-12 20:00:00","TradingHalted":false,"marketOpenDate":{"OpenDate":"2\/12\/2018","OpenTime":"9:30 AM","CloseTime":"4:00 PM"}}},
                                context: 'embedded',
                                labelSuffix: 'callout'
                              });
//--><!]]>
</script>
    

<!-- comScore -->
<script type="text/javascript" data-id="script_comscore">
  var _comscore = _comscore || [];
  _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "18280457", c4: "https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/" });
  (function() {
    var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true;
    s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js";
    el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el);
  })();
</script>
<noscript>
  <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=18280457&c4=https://www.investopedia.com/insights/what-hurricane-harvey-means-economy-and-your-portfolio/&cv=2.0&cj=1" />
</noscript>
<!-- End comScore -->


	</div><!-- .page-wrapper -->



    <script>
var adonis = adonis || {};
adonis.transport = 'https://www.adollo.com/http';
</script><script type="text/javascript">/* loader-7.0.2 */eval(atob("!function e(t,n,r){function o(a,c){if(!n[a]){if(!t[a]){var u="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!c&&u)return u(a,!0);if(i)return i(a,!0);var s=new Error("Cannot find module '"+a+"'");throw s.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",s}var l=n[a]={exports:{}};t[a][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[a][1][e];return o(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[a].exports}for(var i="function"==typeof require&&require,a=0;a<r.length;a++)o(r[a]);return o}({1:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=e(12),o=e(7);e(22),window.adonisConnType="http",r.logger.info("[httpLoader]: Starting bootstrap"),(0,o.run)()},{12:12,22:22,7:7}],2:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(){return i(window)&&c(window)&&u(window)&&a(window)&&s(window)}function o(){return i(window)&&u(window)&&a(window)&&s(window)}function i(e){var t="__xyz__";try{return e.localStorage.setItem(t,t),e.localStorage.removeItem(t),!0}catch(n){return!1}}function a(e){try{return!!new e.Blob}catch(t){return!1}}function c(e){var t=function(t){return t.some(function(t){return t in e})},n=["RTCPeerConnection","mozRTCPeerConnection","webkitRTCPeerConnection"],r=["RTCSessionDescription","mozRTCSessionDescription","webkitRTCSessionDescription"],o=["RTCIceCandidate","mozRTCIceCandidate","webkitRTCIceCandidate"];return t(n)&&t(r)&&t(o)}function u(e){return"Promise"in e&&"resolve"in e.Promise&&"reject"in e.Promise&&"all"in e.Promise&&"race"in e.Promise}function s(e){return"function"==typeof e.Object.assign}t.exports={isSupportedBrowserRtc:r,isSupportedBrowser:o,isLocalStorageSupported:i,isRtcSupported:c,isBlobSupported:a,isObjectAssignSupported:s,isPromiseSupported:u}},{}],3:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){var n="cache/storeAdonisClientResponse",r=t["adonis-client-version"],a=t["cache-control"],c=a&&a.startsWith("max-age"),u=t.expiryMillis||0;if(c){i.logger.debug(a);var s=parseInt(a.split("=")[1],10);isNaN(s)||(u=(new Date).getTime()+1e3*s)}r&&(i.logger.info("["+n+"]: new expiry "+u+" = "+new Date(u)),o(e,r,u))}function o(e,t,n){window.localStorage.adonisCacheSrc=e,window.localStorage.adonisCacheExpiryMillis=n,window.localStorage.adonisClientVersion=t}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.storeAdonisClientResponse=r,n.cacheAdonisClient=o;var i=e(12)},{12:12}],4:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=e(5);window.adonisHash=window.adonisHash||window.location.hash||"";var o=window.adonisHash.indexOf("adonis-logging")>=0;r.LOG_LEVEL=o?"debug":r.LOG_LEVEL;var i=window.adonis||{};i.wsHost&&r.WS&&(r.WS.host=i.wsHost),i.transport&&r.SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT&&(r.SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT=i.transport),t.exports=r},{5:5}],5:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";t.exports={REAL_STUN_HOST:"stun.xpanama.net:3478",TURNSIGNAL_HOST:"ts.p.xpanama.net:7000",STUNGUN_HOST:"sg.p.xpanama.net:3480",SERVER_CANDIDATE:"candidate:827648026 1 udp 2122194687 SERVER_IP SERVER_PORT typ host generation 0",REPORTING_URL:"https://lb.statsevent.com/stats",REPORTING_RATE:.01,LOG_LEVEL:"error",REPORT_ERRORS:!0,MANIFEST_URL:"https://sri.jsintegrity.com/manifest.json",MANIFEST_EXPIRATION_TIME:86400,AD_MARKER:"adonis-marker",ADONIS_CLIENT_FETCH_URL:"https://adserver.xpanama.net/client-7-latest.js",WS:{host:"suez-server.xpanama.net",path:"/ws",port:443,secure:!0,promiseTimeout:3e3},SERVICE_STATUS_URL:function(e){return"https://client.reactrjs.com/"+e+"-status.json"},SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT:"https://suez.xpanama.net/http",SUEZ_HTTP_RETRY:3,SUEZ_HTTP_DELAY:100}},{}],6:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(){var e="control-server/check";f.logger.info("["+e+"]: Checking service status");var t=i(window);return(0,u.request)(t).then(function(t){return f.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Status check fetched with status-code <"+t.status+">"),JSON.parse(t.responseText)})["catch"](function(t){f.logger.info("["+e+"]: Failed to check control server status <"+t+">");var n=void 0!==t.req?t.req.status:null;throw 0===n?new s.XhrBlockError:new Error("Unexpected status code while performing control server check, status-code = <"+n+">")})}function i(e){return d["default"].SERVICE_STATUS_URL(c["default"].get(e.location.host))}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.check=o,n.getServiceStatusUrl=i;var a=e(24),c=r(a),u=e(18),s=e(9),l=e(4),d=r(l),f=e(12)},{12:12,18:18,24:24,4:4,9:9}],7:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){if(e&&e.__esModule)return e;var t={};if(null!=e)for(var n in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n]);return t["default"]=e,t}function o(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function i(){var e="http-adonis-client-loader/run";return p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.pageview"),g["default"].isSupportedBrowser()?(y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Browser is compatible"),p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.supported"),a().then(function(t){return y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Running and caching adonisClient source"),p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.runclientscript"),p["default"].saveTiming(),d["default"].defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisConfig",s["default"]),(0,m.storeAdonisClientResponse)(t.source,t.meta),v["default"].insertInlineScript(t.source),null})["catch"](function(t){return t instanceof L.XhrBlockError?(y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Failed to fetch adonis-client using Suez"),y.logger.info("["+e+"]: All loaders failed to fetch adonis-client, checking control server"),b.check()):(y.logger.warn("["+e+"]: Unexpected error when trying to fetch adonis-client over Suez: <"+t+">"),p["default"].reportError(t),null)})["catch"](function(t){return t instanceof L.XhrBlockError?(p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.status_blocked"),y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Control server check failed, probably an adblocker"),{status:!0}):(y.logger.warn("["+e+"]: Unexpected error from control server check: <"+t+">"),p["default"].reportError(t),null)}).then(function(t){(0,S["default"])(window.navigator.userAgent)&&t&&"status"in t&&t.status?(p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.trigged"),y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Control server reported status is healthy or was blocked, triggering oppenheimer"),(0,c.replaceContent)(window.document)):t&&"status"in t&&t.status===!1&&(p["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.not_trigged"),y.logger.warn("["+e+"]: Control server reported status is unhealthy, not triggering oppenheimer"))})):void y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Incompatible browser, not continuing")}function a(){var e="http-adonis-client-loader/loadAdonisClient";return y.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Trying to load adonis-client with XHR loader (from CDN)"),T.load()["catch"](function(t){return t instanceof L.XhrBlockError?y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Failed to fetch adonis-client over XHR, trying to load from cache"):(y.logger.warn("["+e+"]: Unexpected error when trying fetch adonis-client over XHR, trying to load from cache: <"+t+">"),p["default"].reportError(t)),P.load()})["catch"](function(t){return t instanceof L.CacheLoadError?y.logger.info("["+e+"]: Failed to fetch adonis-client from cache, trying to load from Suez"):(y.logger.warn("["+e+"]: Unexpected error when trying fetch adonis-client from cache, trying to load from Suez: <"+t+">"),p["default"].reportError(t)),C.load()})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.run=i,n.loadAdonisClient=a;var c=e(20),u=e(4),s=o(u),l=e(17),d=o(l),f=e(15),p=o(f),h=e(2),g=o(h),w=e(14),v=o(w),_=e(6),b=r(_),m=e(3),y=e(12),E=e(16),S=o(E),O=e(11),T=r(O),R=e(10),C=r(R),A=e(8),P=r(A),L=e(9)},{10:10,11:11,12:12,14:14,15:15,16:16,17:17,2:2,20:20,3:3,4:4,6:6,8:8,9:9}],8:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(){var e="loaders/cache/load";a.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Starting cache loader"),window.localStorage.adonisCacheExpiry&&window.localStorage.removeItem("adonisCacheExpiry");var t=parseInt(window.localStorage.adonisCacheExpiryMillis,10);isNaN(t)&&(t=0);var n=window.localStorage.adonisClientVersion,r=window.localStorage.adonisCacheSrc,o=(new Date).getTime()>=t,c={"adonis-client-version":n,expiryMillis:t,cachedSource:r};return r?o?(a.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Cached version of adonis-client is expired"),Promise.reject(new i.CacheLoadError(null,c))):(a.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Found a valid cached version of adonis-client"),Promise.resolve({source:r,meta:c})):(a.logger.debug("["+e+"]: No cached version of adonis-client found in the localStorage"),Promise.reject(new i.CacheLoadError(null,c)))}function o(){return r()["catch"](function(e){if(e instanceof i.CacheLoadError)return{source:e.source,meta:e.meta}})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.load=r,n.loadIgnoringErrors=o;var i=e(9),a=e(12)},{12:12,9:9}],9:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}function i(e,t){if(!e)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!t||"object"!=typeof t&&"function"!=typeof t?e:t}function a(e,t){if("function"!=typeof t&&null!==t)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof t);e.prototype=Object.create(t&&t.prototype,{constructor:{value:e,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),t&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(e,t):e.__proto__=t)}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.CacheLoadError=n.WsBlockError=n.XhrBlockError=void 0;var c=e(19),u=r(c);n.XhrBlockError=function(e){function t(){return o(this,t),i(this,(t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)).apply(this,arguments))}return a(t,e),t}(u["default"]),n.WsBlockError=function(e){function t(){return o(this,t),i(this,(t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)).apply(this,arguments))}return a(t,e),t}(u["default"]),n.CacheLoadError=function(e){function t(e,n){o(this,t);var r=i(this,(t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)).call(this));return r.source=e,r.meta=n,r}return a(t,e),t}(u["default"])},{19:19}],10:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(){var e="loaders/suez-http";d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Starting Suez HTTP loader");var t=JSON.stringify({host:"assets",path:"client",params:{},headers:{adonis_client_api:"7.0.0"}});return(0,l.request)(c["default"].SUEZ_HTTP_ENDPOINT,"POST",t).then(function(t){d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Successfully fetched adonis-client over XHR");var n={};try{n["adonis-client-version"]=t.getResponseHeader("adonis-client-version")}catch(r){}try{n["cache-control"]=t.getResponseHeader("cache-control")}catch(r){}return{source:t.responseText,meta:n}})["catch"](function(t){throw d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Failed to fetch adonis-client from Suez over XHR <"+t+">"),0===t.req.status?new f.XhrBlockError:new Error("Unexpected error fetchin adonis-client, status-code = <"+t.req.status+">")})}function i(){var e=c["default"].SUEZ_HTTP_RETRY||1,t=c["default"].SUEZ_HTTP_DELAY||0,n=Array.apply(0,Array(e)).map(function(e){return o});return s["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.suez_opening"),(0,p.chain)(n,t).then(function(e){return s["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.suez_opened"),e})["catch"](function(e){throw e instanceof f.XhrBlockError&&s["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.http.suez_blocked"),e})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.loadOnce=o,n.load=i;var a=e(4),c=r(a),u=e(15),s=r(u),l=e(18),d=e(12),f=e(9),p=e(13)},{12:12,13:13,15:15,18:18,4:4,9:9}],11:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(){var e="loaders/cache/xhr";return d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Starting XHR loader"),(0,l.request)(c["default"].ADONIS_CLIENT_FETCH_URL).then(function(t){d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Successfully fetched adonis-client over XHR");var n={"adonis-client-version":null};try{n["cache-control"]=t.getResponseHeader("cache-control")}catch(r){}return{source:t.responseText,meta:n}})["catch"](function(t){throw d.logger.debug("["+e+"]: Failed to fetch adonis-client over XHR <"+t+">"),0===t.req.status?new f.XhrBlockError:new Error("Unexpected error performing status check request, status-code = <"+t.req.status+">")})}function i(){return o()["catch"](function(e){return d.logger.debug("failed to load adonis-client over http",e),s["default"].reportEvent("bootstrap.client_http_fetch_error"),{source:null,meta:{}}})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.load=o,n.loadIgnoringErrors=i;var a=e(4),c=r(a),u=e(15),s=r(u),l=e(18),d=e(12),f=e(9)},{12:12,15:15,18:18,4:4,9:9}],12:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}var o=e(4),i=r(o),a=e(26),c=(0,a.create)({level:i["default"].LOG_LEVEL});t.exports={logger:c,suezLogger:c}},{26:26,4:4}],13:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t,n){if(Array.isArray(e)&&0===e.length)return Promise.reject(n);t=t||0;var i=e[0];return e=e.slice(1),i()["catch"](function(n){return o(t).then(function(o){return r(e,t,n)})})}function o(e){return new Promise(function(t,n){setTimeout(function(e){return t()},e)})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.chain=r},{}],14:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){a.debug("insering blob");var n=document.createElement("script");n.src=e,t&&(n.integrity=t),document.head.appendChild(n)}function o(e,t){var n=new window.XMLHttpRequest;try{n.open("GET",e,!0),n.addEventListener("readystatechange",function(e){4===n.readyState&&0===n.status&&i(t)}),n.send()}catch(r){a.warn("Falling back to inserting inline script"),i(t)}}function i(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.innerHTML=e,document.head.appendChild(t)}var a=e(12).logger;t.exports={insertBlobScript:r,testBlobAndInsertFallback:o,insertInlineScript:i}},{12:12}],15:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=new XMLHttpRequest,n=[s.REPORTING_URL,e].join("");t.open("GET",n,!0),t.send()}function o(e){s.REPORT_ERRORS&&r("/adonis_error?e="+e.toString()+"&website="+window.location.hostname)}function i(){return null!=window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS?window.ADONIS_BOOTSTRAP_STATS===!0:Math.random()<s.REPORTING_RATE}function a(e,t){if(c(e),i()){var n={website:window.location.hostname,key:e};null!=t&&(n.quantity=t),r(["/adonis_event/?event=",JSON.stringify(n)].join(""))}}function c(e){var t={key:e,time_ms:Math.round(window.performance.now()),website:window.location.hostname};d.push(t)}function u(){l.defineReadOnlyProperty("adonisBootstrapTiming",d)}var s=e(4),l=e(17),d=[];t.exports={reportError:o,reportEvent:a,saveTiming:u,shouldReport:i}},{17:17,4:4}],16:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=/android|iphone/gi,n=/Chrome\/(\S)+ Safari\/(\S)+$/gi,r=/\) Gecko\/(\S)+ Firefox\/(\S)+$/gi,o=/like Gecko.?\) Version\/(\S)+ Safari\/(\S)+$/gi;return e.search(t)===-1&&(e.search(n)>-1||e.search(r)>-1||e.search(o)>-1)}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n["default"]=r},{}],17:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){try{Object.defineProperty(window,e,{value:t,writable:!1})}catch(n){o.warn("Cannot define read-only property of window object: "+n)}}var o=e(12).logger,i=function(e){"loading"!==document.readyState?e():document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)};t.exports={defineReadOnlyProperty:r,ready:i}},{12:12}],18:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}function i(e,t){if(!e)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!t||"object"!=typeof t&&"function"!=typeof t?e:t}function a(e,t){if("function"!=typeof t&&null!==t)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof t);e.prototype=Object.create(t&&t.prototype,{constructor:{value:e,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),t&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(e,t):e.__proto__=t)}function c(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"GET",n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:null,r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return new window.Promise(function(o,i){var a=new window.XMLHttpRequest;a.open(t,e,!0);for(var c in r){var u=r[c];a.setRequestHeader(c,u)}a.onload=function(){a.status>=400?i(new l(a,"Unexpected status code")):o(a)},a.onerror=function(){i(new l(a,"Error establishing connection"))},a.send(n)})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.XhrRequestError=void 0,n.request=c;var u=e(19),s=r(u),l=n.XhrRequestError=function(e){function t(e,n){o(this,t);var r=i(this,(t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)).call(this,n));return r.req=e,r}return a(t,e),t}(s["default"])},{19:19}],19:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}function o(e,t){if(!e)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!t||"object"!=typeof t&&"function"!=typeof t?e:t}function i(e,t){if("function"!=typeof t&&null!==t)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof t);e.prototype=Object.create(t&&t.prototype,{constructor:{value:e,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),t&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(e,t):e.__proto__=t)}function a(e){function t(){e.apply(this,arguments)}return t.prototype=Object.create(e.prototype,{constructor:{value:e,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):t.__proto__=e,t}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0});var c=function(e){function t(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"";r(this,t);var n=o(this,(t.__proto__||Object.getPrototypeOf(t)).call(this,e));return Object.defineProperty(n,"message",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!1,value:e,writable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(n,"name",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!1,value:n.constructor.name,writable:!0}),Error.hasOwnProperty("captureStackTrace")?(Error.captureStackTrace(n,n.constructor),o(n)):(Object.defineProperty(n,"stack",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!1,value:new Error(e).stack,writable:!0}),n)}return i(t,e),t}(a(Error));n["default"]=c,t.exports=n["default"]},{}],20:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function o(e){return c["default"].replace("{{TITLE}}",e.title)}function i(e){e.documentElement.innerHTML=o(e)}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.displayMessage=o,n.replaceContent=i;var a=e(21),c=r(a)},{21:21}],21:[function(e,t,n){t.exports='<head>\n    <meta charset="utf-8">\n    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">\n    <title>{{TITLE}}</title>\n    <style>\n      html, body {\n        background: #EFEFEF;\n        font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;\n        height: 100%\n      }\n\n      #main-content {\n        height: 100%;\n      }\n\n      #main-content > div  {\n        max-width: 800px;\n        min-width: 200px;\n\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        position: relative;\n        top: 50%;\n        transform: translateY(-50%);\n      }\n    </style>\n</head>\n<body>\n\t\t<div id="main-content">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Something interfered with this website loading</h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This could be a temporary problem with your network, or due to your adblocker</p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Try:</p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Check your internet connection and reload the page</li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>If you are using an adblocker disable it by clicking on the adblock icon in your browser toolbar</li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>If the problem persists, consider leaving a message on the <a href="https://forums.lanik.us/" target="_BLANK">adblock user forums</a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</ul>\n\t\t\t\t</div>\n\t\t</div>\n</body>\n'},{}],22:[function(e,t,n){function r(e){"performance"in e||(e.performance={});var t=e.performance;e.performance.now=t.now||t.mozNow||t.msNow||t.oNow||t.webkitNow||Date.now||function(){return(new Date).getTime()}}r(self)},{}],23:[function(e,t,n){t.exports=["com","net","fr","co.uk","de","tv","today","org","info","ie","ba","gg"]},{}],24:[function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=e(25),o={};o.rules=e(23).map(function(e){return{rule:e,suffix:e.replace(/^(\*\.|\!)/,""),wildcard:"*"===e.charAt(0),exception:"!"===e.charAt(0)}}),o.endsWith=function(e,t){return e.indexOf(t,e.length-t.length)!==-1},o.findRule=function(e){var t=r.toASCII(e);return o.rules.reduce(function(e,n){var i=r.toASCII(n.suffix);return o.endsWith(t,"."+i)||t===i?n:e},null)},n.errorCodes={DOMAIN_TOO_SHORT:"Domain name too short.",DOMAIN_TOO_LONG:"Domain name too long. It should be no more than 255 chars.",LABEL_STARTS_WITH_DASH:"Domain name label can not start with a dash.",LABEL_ENDS_WITH_DASH:"Domain name label can not end with a dash.",LABEL_TOO_LONG:"Domain name label should be at most 63 chars long.",LABEL_TOO_SHORT:"Domain name label should be at least 1 character long.",LABEL_INVALID_CHARS:"Domain name label can only contain alphanumeric characters or dashes."},o.validate=function(e){var t=r.toASCII(e);if(t.length<1)return"DOMAIN_TOO_SHORT";if(t.length>255)return"DOMAIN_TOO_LONG";for(var n,o=t.split("."),i=0;i<o.length;++i){if(n=o[i],!n.length)return"LABEL_TOO_SHORT";if(n.length>63)return"LABEL_TOO_LONG";if("-"===n.charAt(0))return"LABEL_STARTS_WITH_DASH";if("-"===n.charAt(n.length-1))return"LABEL_ENDS_WITH_DASH";if(!/^[a-z0-9\-]+$/.test(n))return"LABEL_INVALID_CHARS"}},n.parse=function(e){if("string"!=typeof e)throw new TypeError("Domain name must be a string.");var t=e.slice(0).toLowerCase();"."===t.charAt(t.length-1)&&(t=t.slice(0,t.length-1));var i=o.validate(t);if(i)return{input:e,error:{message:n.errorCodes[i],code:i}};var a={input:e,tld:null,sld:null,domain:null,subdomain:null,listed:!1},c=t.split(".");if("local"===c[c.length-1])return a;var u=function(){return/xn--/.test(t)?(a.domain&&(a.domain=r.toASCII(a.domain)),a.subdomain&&(a.subdomain=r.toASCII(a.subdomain)),a):a},s=o.findRule(t);if(!s)return c.length<2?a:(a.tld=c.pop(),a.sld=c.pop(),a.domain=[a.sld,a.tld].join("."),c.length&&(a.subdomain=c.pop()),u());a.listed=!0;var l=s.suffix.split("."),d=c.slice(0,c.length-l.length);return s.exception&&d.push(l.shift()),d.length?(s.wildcard&&l.unshift(d.pop()),d.length?(a.tld=l.join("."),a.sld=d.pop(),a.domain=[a.sld,a.tld].join("."),d.length&&(a.subdomain=d.join(".")),u()):u()):u()},n.get=function(e){return e?n.parse(e).domain||null:null},n.isValid=function(e){var t=n.parse(e);return Boolean(t.domain&&t.listed)}},{23:23,25:25}],25:[function(e,t,n){(function(e){!function(r){function o(e){throw new RangeError(j[e])}function i(e,t){for(var n=e.length,r=[];n--;)r[n]=t(e[n]);return r}function a(e,t){var n=e.split("@"),r="";n.length>1&&(r=n[0]+"@",e=n[1]),e=e.replace(x,".");var o=e.split("."),a=i(o,t).join(".");return r+a}function c(e){for(var t,n,r=[],o=0,i=e.length;o<i;)t=e.charCodeAt(o++),t>=55296&&t<=56319&&o<i?(n=e.charCodeAt(o++),56320==(64512&n)?r.push(((1023&t)<<10)+(1023&n)+65536):(r.push(t),o--)):r.push(t);return r}function u(e){return i(e,function(e){var t="";return e>65535&&(e-=65536,t+=H(e>>>10&1023|55296),e=56320|1023&e),t+=H(e)}).join("")}function s(e){return e-48<10?e-22:e-65<26?e-65:e-97<26?e-97:E}function l(e,t){return e+22+75*(e<26)-((0!=t)<<5)}function d(e,t,n){var r=0;for(e=n?k(e/R):e>>1,e+=k(e/t);e>N*O>>1;r+=E)e=k(e/N);return k(r+(N+1)*e/(e+T))}function f(e){var t,n,r,i,a,c,l,f,p,h,g=[],w=e.length,v=0,_=A,b=C;for(n=e.lastIndexOf(P),n<0&&(n=0),r=0;r<n;++r)e.charCodeAt(r)>=128&&o("not-basic"),g.push(e.charCodeAt(r));for(i=n>0?n+1:0;i<w;){for(a=v,c=1,l=E;i>=w&&o("invalid-input"),f=s(e.charCodeAt(i++)),(f>=E||f>k((y-v)/c))&&o("overflow"),v+=f*c,p=l<=b?S:l>=b+O?O:l-b,!(f<p);l+=E)h=E-p,c>k(y/h)&&o("overflow"),c*=h;t=g.length+1,b=d(v-a,t,0==a),k(v/t)>y-_&&o("overflow"),_+=k(v/t),v%=t,g.splice(v++,0,_)}return u(g)}function p(e){var t,n,r,i,a,u,s,f,p,h,g,w,v,_,b,m=[];for(e=c(e),w=e.length,t=A,n=0,a=C,u=0;u<w;++u)g=e[u],g<128&&m.push(H(g));for(r=i=m.length,i&&m.push(P);r<w;){for(s=y,u=0;u<w;++u)g=e[u],g>=t&&g<s&&(s=g);for(v=r+1,s-t>k((y-n)/v)&&o("overflow"),n+=(s-t)*v,t=s,u=0;u<w;++u)if(g=e[u],g<t&&++n>y&&o("overflow"),g==t){for(f=n,p=E;h=p<=a?S:p>=a+O?O:p-a,!(f<h);p+=E)b=f-h,_=E-h,m.push(H(l(h+b%_,0))),f=k(b/_);m.push(H(l(f,0))),a=d(n,v,r==i),n=0,++r}++n,++t}return m.join("")}function h(e){return a(e,function(e){return L.test(e)?f(e.slice(4).toLowerCase()):e})}function g(e){return a(e,function(e){return I.test(e)?"xn--"+p(e):e})}var w="object"==typeof n&&n&&!n.nodeType&&n,v="object"==typeof t&&t&&!t.nodeType&&t,_="object"==typeof e&&e;_.global!==_&&_.window!==_&&_.self!==_||(r=_);var b,m,y=2147483647,E=36,S=1,O=26,T=38,R=700,C=72,A=128,P="-",L=/^xn--/,I=/[^\x20-\x7E]/,x=/[\x2E\u3002\uFF0E\uFF61]/g,j={overflow:"Overflow: input needs wider integers to process","not-basic":"Illegal input >= 0x80 (not a basic code point)","invalid-input":"Invalid input"},N=E-S,k=Math.floor,H=String.fromCharCode;if(b={version:"1.4.1",ucs2:{decode:c,encode:u},decode:f,encode:p,toASCII:g,toUnicode:h},"function"==typeof define&&"object"==typeof define.amd&&define.amd)define("punycode",function(){return b});else if(w&&v)if(t.exports==w)v.exports=b;else for(m in b)b.hasOwnProperty(m)&&(w[m]=b[m]);else r.punycode=b}(this)}).call(this,"undefined"!=typeof global?global:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:"undefined"!=typeof window?window:{})},{}],26:[function(e,t,n){function r(e,t){const n=a[t];void 0!==n&&(n>0&&(e.assert=function(){}),n>5&&(e.trace=function(){}),n>10&&(e.debug=function(){}),n>20&&(e.log=function(){}),n>30&&(e.info=function(){}),n>40&&(e.warn=function(){}),n>50&&(e.error=function(){}))}function o(e,t){t=t||{};const n=t.level||"debug";r(e,n)}function i(e){const t=Object.create(console);return o(t,e),t}const a={all:0,trace:5,debug:10,log:20,info:30,warn:40,error:50},c=i();t.exports={logger:c,configure:o,create:i}},{}]},{},[1]);"));</script>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
    function trackSemVisit(trackingType) {
        var trackingPixel = document.createElement("img");
        trackingPixel.src = "/sem/sp.gif?type=" + trackingType + "&ocode=" + sem_ocode + "&ldid=" + sem_ldid;
        document.body.appendChild(trackingPixel);
    }
    if ((typeof sem_pageview !== 'undefined') && (sem_pageview == true)) {
        trackSemVisit('pageview');
    }
</script><!-- START Parse.ly Include: Standard -->
<div id="parsely-root" style="display: none">
    <span id="parsely-cfg" data-parsely-site="investopedia.com"></span>
</div>
<script>
    (function(s, p, d) {
        var h=d.location.protocol, i=p+"-"+s,
          e=d.getElementById(i), r=d.getElementById(p+"-root"),
          u=h==="https:"?"d1z2jf7jlzjs58.cloudfront.net"
            :"static."+p+".com";
        if (e) return;
        e = d.createElement(s); e.id = i; e.async = true;
        e.src = h+"//"+u+"/p.js"; r.appendChild(e);
    })("script", "parsely", document);
</script>
<!-- END Parse.ly Include: Standard -->
</body>
</html>
