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    <title>Storm’s Impact on Oil Industry Is Felt at Gasoline Pumps - The New York Times</title>
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<p class="byline-dateline"><span class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"  itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/by/clifford-krauss">By <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/clifford-krauss" title="More Articles by CLIFFORD KRAUSS"><span class="byline-author" data-byline-name="CLIFFORD KRAUSS" itemprop="name" data-twitter-handle="ckrausss">CLIFFORD KRAUSS</span></a></span><time class="dateline" datetime="2017-09-01T22:10:04-04:00" itemprop="dateModified" content="2017-09-01T22:10:04-04:00">AUG. 31, 2017</time>
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="273" data-total-count="273">HOUSTON — Ports along the Gulf of Mexico are closed to fuel barges. Part of the biggest pipeline between Texas and New York has stopped flowing. Refineries and gas stations are flooded. Drilling rigs in the biggest shale field in Texas are running low on diesel supplies.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="165" data-total-count="438">As a result, the fallout from Hurricane Harvey’s devastation is now spanning the country, forcing gasoline price increases and possible consumer shortages of fuel.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="385" data-total-count="823">Nationally, the average price of a gallon of regular gasoline on Thursday morning jumped 5 cents from the day before, <a href="http://gasprices.aaa.com/">to $2.45</a>, the highest price of the year, according to the AAA motor club. And contracts for September wholesale deliveries rose 25.5 cents a gallon, signaling the worst is yet to come. Experts said prices at the pump could easily rise an additional 30 cents a gallon.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="246" data-total-count="1069">“This is going to be a substantial ouch for consumers,” said Tom Kloza, global head of energy analysis for Oil Price Information Service. “Satan could not have drawn up a more horrible geographic scenario for knocking out Texas refining.”</p><div id="story-ad-1" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="209" data-total-count="1278" id="story-continues-1">Because the storm hit <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/business/energy-environment/harvey-energy-industry-texas.html">all the major oil centers</a> on the Texas coast — Corpus Christi, Houston, Beaumont and Port Arthur — a third of the nation’s refining capacity could be constrained for weeks, he said.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-2">Continue reading the main story</a>
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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="422" data-total-count="1700" id="story-continues-3">That accounts for the disruption to the giant Colonial Pipeline, which delivers 100 million gallons of gasoline, home heating oil, jet fuel and diesel daily along a path from Houston to New York Harbor. Its operations in Texas have been shut, and the problem is not damage but supply: More than half of the 26 refineries that feed the pipeline between Houston and Lake Charles, La., have closed or curbed their operations.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="266" data-total-count="1966">Mr. Kloza said this was easily the biggest blow to the American energy patch since Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana in 2005. Back then, gasoline prices soared 40 cents in one day and long lines reminiscent of the oil shocks of the 1970s appeared at gasoline stations.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="278" data-total-count="2244">Every extra penny at the pump costs American consumers a total of $4 million daily, and the price spike after Harvey could last a month or more. Lower-income Americans who spend a large part of their income on gasoline fueling older, less efficient vehicles will be hit hardest.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="349" data-total-count="2593">Fortunately for consumers, domestic inventories of gasoline and other fuels were near maximum capacity before the storm hit, keeping prices down somewhat, because of the frenzy of production in recent years. But the prices are increasing at a most inopportune time, just before the Labor Day weekend, one of the heaviest driving periods of the year.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="103" data-total-count="2696">Even regions far from Texas are scrambling, and even competing, to compensate for lost refinery output.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="440" data-total-count="3136">The Northeast is borrowing gasoline from Florida inventories, even though the state has been virtually cut off from Gulf Coast supplies. The price for regular gas in Florida rose to an average of $2.41 on Thursday from $2.35 in one day. Fuel prices are going up in the Midwest because of expectations that much of its gasoline and diesel will be moved to the Eastern Seaboard. Illinois, for instance, had a one-day jump of 5 cents a gallon.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="248" data-total-count="3384">Much of the East Coast will have to turn to fuel shipped by railroads from refiners in the country’s midsection and by tanker from other American coastal refiners and European and possibly Middle Eastern refiners for the next four to eight weeks.</p><div id="story-ad-2" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="76" data-total-count="3460" id="story-continues-4">Railroad shipments are more expensive and hazardous than pipeline shipments.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="386" data-total-count="3846">The situation may be eased by an announcement by the Energy Department that it will release 500,000 barrels of crude oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve on loan to the Phillips 66 refinery in Lake Charles. The department said it was the first emergency release since 2012, when tough Western sanctions were put on Iranian oil exports to push Tehran to the nuclear bargaining table.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-5">Continue reading the main story</a>
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<div class="story-interrupter" id="story-continues-5">
    <figure id="state-gas-price-increases" class="interactive interactive-embedded  limit-small layout-medium">
    <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-6">Continue reading the main story</a>

    
    <figcaption class="interactive-caption">
            <h2 class="interactive-headline">
            Where Gas Prices Are Rising        </h2>
                <p class="interactive-leadin">
            The national average for regular gasoline was $2.45 on Thursday, up 10 cents from a week ago. The states with the greatest increases were largely in the Southeast and the southern Plains.        </p>
        </figcaption>

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<div id="g-state-gas-prices-box" class="ai2html">

	<!-- Artboard: 300 -->
	<div id="g-state-gas-prices-300" class="g-artboard g-artboard-v3" data-min-width='300' data-max-width='599'>
		<img id="g-ai0-0" class="g-aiImg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/2017/08/31/state-gas-price-change/beb6a1099a3b528a07b79c1525d3e91e6179de20/state-gas-prices-300.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCgAKAIAAAB8fHwAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAKAAoAAAIIhI+py+0PYysAOw=="/>
		<div id="g-ai0-1" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:2.2649%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:49.7977%;margin-left:-31%;width:188px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle0">Weekly change in gas prices</p>
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		<div id="g-ai0-2" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:8.8212%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:6.7173%;margin-left:-6.5%;width:41px;">
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		<div id="g-ai0-3" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:8.8212%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:30.8454%;margin-left:-2.3333%;width:16px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+5</p>
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		<div id="g-ai0-4" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:8.8212%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:50.9578%;margin-left:-3.5%;width:23px;">
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		<div id="g-ai0-5" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:8.8212%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:71.0436%;margin-left:-3.5%;width:23px;">
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		<div id="g-ai0-6" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:8.8212%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:91.0394%;margin-left:-8.5%;width:53px;">
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		<div id="g-ai0-7" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:20.9993%;margin-top:-12.2px;left:66.4268%;margin-left:-22.3333%;width:136px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle2">Change in each state&rsquo;s</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle2">average of regular gasoline</p>
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		<div id="g-ai0-8" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:82.5771%;margin-top:-21.2px;left:59.5518%;margin-left:-11.1667%;width:69px;">
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			<p class="g-pstyle3">to $2.26</p>
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			<p class="g-pstyle5">Only</p>
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			<p class="g-pstyle6">down 1 cent</p>
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		<div id="g-ai1-2" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:7.5949%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:20.2365%;margin-left:-3.25%;width:41px;">
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		<div id="g-ai1-3" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:7.5949%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:40.8469%;margin-left:-1.1667%;width:16px;">
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		<div id="g-ai1-4" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:7.5949%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:58.0251%;margin-left:-1.75%;width:23px;">
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		<div id="g-ai1-5" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:7.5949%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:75.1899%;margin-left:-1.75%;width:23px;">
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		<div id="g-ai1-6" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:7.5949%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:92.3098%;margin-left:-4.25%;width:53px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+20 cents</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-7" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:14.1994%;margin-top:-7.7px;left:56.3066%;margin-left:-24.1667%;width:292px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle2">Change in each state&rsquo;s average of regular gasoline</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-8" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:26.6732%;margin-top:-12.2px;left:78.8325%;margin-left:-5.5%;width:68px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle3">Thursday&rsquo;s</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle3">price</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-9" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:39.4608%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:71.0973%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.59</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-10" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:43.6536%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:55.9688%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.40</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-11" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:47.0079%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:75.2085%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.36</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-12" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:48.4754%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:94.1973%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle5">$2.38</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-13" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:51.4104%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:78.8684%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.47</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-14" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:51.8297%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:94.1973%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle5">$2.43</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-15" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:54.5551%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:46.6825%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.34</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-16" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:55.184%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:57.6532%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.30</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-17" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:56.4419%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:72.3652%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.42</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-18" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:60.2155%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:84.1833%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.36</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-19" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:62.1023%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:69.4163%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-20" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:64.1987%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:49.376%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.24</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-21" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:64.618%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:58.0232%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.21</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-22" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:65.4566%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:81.5566%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-23" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:70.6976%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:77.0684%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.39</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-24" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:71.5362%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:69.4163%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.22</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-25" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:76.0476%;margin-top:-22.7px;left:45.6092%;margin-left:-5.5833%;width:69px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle6">Texas is</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle7">up 12 cents</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle6">to $2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-26" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:74.4712%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:63.9066%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.21</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-27" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:80.1323%;margin-top:-30.2px;left:87.6667%;width:74px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle8">Biggest</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle8">increase</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle8">in S.C.,</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle9">up 20 cents</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-28" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:86.0016%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:82.7706%;margin-left:-2.5833%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.41</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai1-29" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:93.9761%;margin-top:-15.3px;left:22.0736%;width:137px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle8">Only decrease</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle9"><span class="g-cstyle0">in Hawaii, </span>down 1 cent</p>
		</div>
	</div>

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		<img id="g-ai2-0" class="g-aiImg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/2017/08/31/state-gas-price-change/beb6a1099a3b528a07b79c1525d3e91e6179de20/state-gas-prices-720.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCgAKAIAAAB8fHwAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAKAAoAAAIIhI+py+0PYysAOw=="/>
		<div id="g-ai2-1" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:3.0445%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:57.8892%;margin-left:-12.9167%;width:188px;">
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		<div id="g-ai2-2" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:6.2263%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:27.8311%;margin-left:-2.7083%;width:41px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">&ndash;1 cent</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-3" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:6.2263%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:45.0064%;margin-left:-0.9722%;width:16px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+5</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-4" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:6.2263%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:59.3216%;margin-left:-1.4583%;width:23px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+10</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-5" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:6.2263%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:73.6256%;margin-left:-1.4583%;width:23px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+15</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-6" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:6.2263%;margin-top:-5.2px;left:87.8922%;margin-left:-3.5417%;width:53px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle1">+20 cents</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-7" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:12.5042%;margin-top:-7.7px;left:57.8895%;margin-left:-20.1389%;width:292px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle2">Change in each state&rsquo;s average of regular gasoline</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-8" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:26.839%;margin-top:-12.2px;left:78.703%;margin-left:-4.5833%;width:68px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle3">Thursday&rsquo;s</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle3">price</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-9" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:37.7066%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:70.8966%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.59</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-10" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:42.2038%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:55.7742%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.40</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-11" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:45.7641%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:75.0062%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.36</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-12" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:47.2632%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:93.9872%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle5">$2.38</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-13" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:50.8234%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:93.9872%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle5">$2.43</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-14" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:52.3225%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:78.8312%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.47</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-15" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:53.8216%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:46.4917%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.34</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-16" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:54.5711%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:57.458%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.30</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-17" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:55.6954%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:72.1639%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.42</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-18" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:59.8178%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:83.9773%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.36</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-19" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:61.879%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:69.2163%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-20" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:63.7529%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:48.6842%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.24</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-21" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:64.5024%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:57.8278%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.21</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-22" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:65.4393%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:81.3516%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-23" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:71.0608%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:76.8652%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.39</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-24" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:71.9977%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:69.2163%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.22</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-25" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:76.7831%;margin-top:-22.8px;left:44.5642%;margin-left:-5%;width:74px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle6">Texas is</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle7">up 12 cents</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle6">to $2.26</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-26" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:78.5567%;margin-top:-30.2px;left:86.8519%;width:93px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle8">Biggest</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle8">increase in</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle8">South Carolina,</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle9">up 20 cents</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-27" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:75.3706%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:63.7088%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.21</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-28" class="g-map g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:87.1757%;margin-top:-6.2px;left:82.5651%;margin-left:-2.1528%;width:33px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle4">$2.41</p>
		</div>
		<div id="g-ai2-29" class="g-prices g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:93.3665%;margin-top:-15.3px;left:22.8391%;width:133px;">
			<p class="g-pstyle8">Only decrease</p>
			<p class="g-pstyle9"><span class="g-cstyle0">in Hawaii </span>down 1 cent</p>
		</div>
	</div>

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        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="326" data-total-count="4172" id="story-continues-6">Still, the effects are likely to ripple across the globe. Mexico and other Latin American markets that have come to depend on American gasoline and crude oil will have to turn to Europe and elsewhere, putting them in competition with American markets for the same supplies and probably compounding the impact of higher prices.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="215" data-total-count="4387">The amount of refined petroleum products affected by the storm has risen daily, to 3.3 million barrels on Thursday from two million on Tuesday, according to a report by IHS Markit, an analytics and consultancy firm.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="238" data-total-count="4625">Five of Houston’s nine refineries are shut down, though no serious permanent damage has been reported. Floodwaters continue to rise in areas, potentially jeopardizing the city’s other refineries, already operating below normal levels.</p><div class="newsletter-signup hidden auto-newsletter variant-1-hidden " id="newsletter-promo" data-newsletter-productCode="" data-newsletter-productTitle="" aria-labeledby="newsletter-promo-heading">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="147" data-total-count="4772">Serious flooding may also be a problem in Beaumont and Port Arthur, where Exxon Mobil, Saudi Aramco-Motiva, Total and Valero have large refineries.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="317" data-total-count="5089">The operator of the Colonial Pipeline has said operations from Texas will resume as soon as refining safely does, but probably no earlier than Sunday. The pipeline, which normally carries more than 15 percent of the fuel consumed nationwide, continues to operate east of Lake Charles, taking petroleum products north.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="286" data-total-count="5375">Even when the refineries start again, problems will remain at the port of Houston. The Coast Guard, already overburdened, needs to remove debris to protect docking vessels, and flooded railways and roads may keep dockworkers from unloading vessels and putting cargo on trains and ships.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="310" data-total-count="5685">The storm’s impact has been felt in oil and gas production as well as refining. Output from offshore platforms is down nearly 20 percent. Oil companies are beginning to return to the platforms to inspect possible damage from the storm, a process that could take weeks, before near full production can resume.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="420" data-total-count="6105">Meanwhile, flooding in the <a href="https://eaglefordshale.com/">Eagle Ford shale field</a> in southern Texas has cut production by an estimated 300,000 barrels a day. That is only about 3 percent of national production, but more important may be permanent damage to the shale wells. That is an engineering and geological uncertainty since the long horizontal wells, blasted through hard rock, are relatively new and have never been seriously tested by flooding.</p><div id="story-ad-3" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
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<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="355" data-total-count="6460" id="story-continues-7">The most important shale field in the country, the Permian Basin in West Texas, was not directly hit by the storm. But with refineries closed along the coast, pipelines out of the Permian have been shut off, and production is already declining. Fuel supplies necessary to keep the drilling rigs going may also fall short because of the refinery shutdowns.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="324" data-total-count="6784">“We’re going to see a curtailment of production levels because the refineries can’t take the product,” said Steve J. McCoy, a senior executive at Latshaw Drilling, an Oklahoma company active in the Permian. “We’re kind of worried about the availability of diesel out here, and that, too, could have an impact.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="155" data-total-count="6939">That may spur new production in other shale fields, like the <a href="https://bakkenshale.com/">Bakken field</a> of North Dakota, where costs of production are usually higher than in West Texas.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="287" data-total-count="7226">Ed Hirs, an energy finance professor at the University of Houston, predicted that “this interruption may help Bakken producers as they ship more crude to the Pennsylvania and New Jersey refiners, and it will throw a temporary lifeline to the refiners in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="140" data-total-count="7366">The flooding has also knocked out trucking routes to gasoline stations, and many stations in Texas and Louisiana are out of fuel or flooded.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="222" data-total-count="7588">Some relief is coming from nuclear power. Two reactors outside Houston are running at full capacity and suffered no serious damage. That is helping to keep the lights on for thousands of residential and business customers.</p><footer class="story-footer story-content">
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