
<!DOCTYPE html>

<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="ie ie8" lang="en-US" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]> <html class="ie ie9" lang="en-US" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html lang="en-US" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <!--<![endif]-->

<head>


<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>  Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”</title>

 
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="pingback" href="http://www.processhistory.org/xmlrpc.php" />
	

	
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.gravatar.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Process: a blog for american history &raquo; Feed" href="http://www.processhistory.org/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Process: a blog for american history &raquo; Comments Feed" href="http://www.processhistory.org/comments/feed/" />
		<script type="text/javascript">
			window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/2.4\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/2.4\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.processhistory.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.9.3"}};
			!function(a,b,c){function d(a,b){var c=String.fromCharCode;l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0);var d=k.toDataURL();l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0);var e=k.toDataURL();return d===e}function e(a){var b;if(!l||!l.fillText)return!1;switch(l.textBaseline="top",l.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return!(b=d([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819]))&&(b=d([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]),!b);case"emoji":return b=d([55357,56692,8205,9792,65039],[55357,56692,8203,9792,65039]),!b}return!1}function f(a){var c=b.createElement("script");c.src=a,c.defer=c.type="text/javascript",b.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(c)}var g,h,i,j,k=b.createElement("canvas"),l=k.getContext&&k.getContext("2d");for(j=Array("flag","emoji"),c.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},i=0;i<j.length;i++)c.supports[j[i]]=e(j[i]),c.supports.everything=c.supports.everything&&c.supports[j[i]],"flag"!==j[i]&&(c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&c.supports[j[i]]);c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!c.supports.flag,c.DOMReady=!1,c.readyCallback=function(){c.DOMReady=!0},c.supports.everything||(h=function(){c.readyCallback()},b.addEventListener?(b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",h,!1),a.addEventListener("load",h,!1)):(a.attachEvent("onload",h),b.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===b.readyState&&c.readyCallback()})),g=c.source||{},g.concatemoji?f(g.concatemoji):g.wpemoji&&g.twemoji&&(f(g.twemoji),f(g.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings);
		</script>
		<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
	display: inline !important;
	border: none !important;
	box-shadow: none !important;
	height: 1em !important;
	width: 1em !important;
	margin: 0 .07em !important;
	vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
	background: none !important;
	padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=4.9' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='email-subscription_css-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/email-subscription/assets/email-subscription.css?ver=0.50' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='perfect-pullquotes-styles-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/perfect-pullquotes/perfect-pullquotes.css?ver=1.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='rotatingtweets-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/rotatingtweets/css/style.css?ver=4.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-fonts-css'  href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400Italic,600,700|Roboto+Slab|Merriweather:300italic&#038;subset' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-core-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/style.css?ver=2.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-responsive-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/css/responsive.css?ver=2.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='pretty-photo-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/css/prettyPhoto.css?ver=2.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='smartmag-font-awesome-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/css/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=2.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<!-- Inline jetpack_facebook_likebox -->
<style id='jetpack_facebook_likebox-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.widget_facebook_likebox {
	overflow: hidden;
}

</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-css-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/?__custom_css=1&#038;ver=4.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/css/jetpack.css?ver=5.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='multilevelnav_style-css'  href='http://www.processhistory.org/?mlnmenu=css&#038;ver=4.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/rotatingtweets/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js?ver=4.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/rotatingtweets/js/rotating_tweet.js?ver=1.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-retina-2x/js/picturefill.min.js?ver=3.0.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/jquery.prettyPhoto.js?ver=4.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/multi-level-navigation-plugin/scripts/superfish.js?ver=1.4.8'></script>
<link rel='https://api.w.org/' href='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-json/' />
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.processhistory.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> 
<link rel='prev' title='“Doing” History in the Modern U.S. Survey' href='http://www.processhistory.org/babits-teaching-academic-articles/' />
<link rel='next' title='Sprawling Into Harm’s Way' href='http://www.processhistory.org/colten-harvey-houston/' />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 4.9.3" />
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.processhistory.org/phelps-harvey-houston-wild-west/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='http://wp.me/p5JlrH-YN' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F&#038;format=xml" />

<!-- Multi-level Navigation Plugin v2.3.6 by Ryan Hellyer ... https://geek.hellyer.kiwi/multi-level-navigation/ -->
<!--[if lte IE 7]><script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/multi-level-navigation-plugin/scripts/suckerfish_ie.js"></script><![endif]--><script>jQuery(document).ready(function() {
	jQuery("ul.sf-menu").superfish({
		animation:     {opacity:"show",height:"show"},  // fade-in and slide-down animation
		delay:        0,                            // delay on mouseout
		speed:        "normal",  // animation speed
		autoArrows:   "",  // enable generation of arrow mark-up
		dropShadows:  ""  // enable drop shadows
	});
});
/**
* hoverIntent is similar to jQuery's built-in "hover" function except that
* instead of firing the onMouseOver event immediately, hoverIntent checks
* to see if the user's mouse has slowed down (beneath the sensitivity
* threshold) before firing the onMouseOver event.
*
* hoverIntent r5 // 2007.03.27 // jQuery 1.1.2+
* <http://cherne.net/brian/resources/jquery.hoverIntent.html>
*
* hoverIntent is currently available for use in all personal or commercial
* projects under both MIT and GPL licenses. This means that you can choose
* the license that best suits your project, and use it accordingly.
*
* // basic usage (just like .hover) receives onMouseOver and onMouseOut functions
* $("ul li").hoverIntent( showNav , hideNav );
*
* // advanced usage receives configuration object only
* $("ul li").hoverIntent({
*	sensitivity: 7, // number = sensitivity threshold (must be 1 or higher)
*	interval: 100,   // number = milliseconds of polling interval
*	over: showNav,  // function = onMouseOver callback (required)
*	timeout: 0,   // number = milliseconds delay before onMouseOut function call
*	out: hideNav    // function = onMouseOut callback (required)
* });
*
* @param  f  onMouseOver function || An object with configuration options
* @param  g  onMouseOut function  || Nothing (use configuration options object)
* @author    Brian Cherne <brian@cherne.net>
*/
(function($) {
	$.fn.hoverIntent = function(f,g) {
		// default configuration options
		var cfg = {
			sensitivity: 10,
			interval: 200,
			timeout: 0
		};
		// override configuration options with user supplied object
		cfg = $.extend(cfg, g ? { over: f, out: g } : f );

		// instantiate variables
		// cX, cY = current X and Y position of mouse, updated by mousemove event
		// pX, pY = previous X and Y position of mouse, set by mouseover and polling interval
		var cX, cY, pX, pY;

		// A private function for getting mouse position
		var track = function(ev) {
			cX = ev.pageX;
			cY = ev.pageY;
		};

		// A private function for comparing current and previous mouse position
		var compare = function(ev,ob) {
			ob.hoverIntent_t = clearTimeout(ob.hoverIntent_t);
			// compare mouse positions to see if they've crossed the threshold
			if ( ( Math.abs(pX-cX) + Math.abs(pY-cY) ) < cfg.sensitivity ) {
				$(ob).unbind("mousemove",track);
				// set hoverIntent state to true (so mouseOut can be called)
				ob.hoverIntent_s = 1;
				return cfg.over.apply(ob,[ev]);
			} else {
				// set previous coordinates for next time
				pX = cX; pY = cY;
				// use self-calling timeout, guarantees intervals are spaced out properly (avoids JavaScript timer bugs)
				ob.hoverIntent_t = setTimeout( function(){compare(ev, ob);} , cfg.interval );
			}
		};

		// A private function for delaying the mouseOut function
		var delay = function(ev,ob) {
			ob.hoverIntent_t = clearTimeout(ob.hoverIntent_t);
			ob.hoverIntent_s = 0;
			return cfg.out.apply(ob,[ev]);
		};

		// A private function for handling mouse 'hovering'
		var handleHover = function(e) {
			// next three lines copied from jQuery.hover, ignore children onMouseOver/onMouseOut
			var p = (e.type == "mouseover" ? e.fromElement : e.toElement) || e.relatedTarget;
			while ( p && p != this ) { try { p = p.parentNode; } catch(e) { p = this; } }
			if ( p == this ) { return false; }

			// copy objects to be passed into t (required for event object to be passed in IE)
			var ev = jQuery.extend({},e);
			var ob = this;

			// cancel hoverIntent timer if it exists
			if (ob.hoverIntent_t) { ob.hoverIntent_t = clearTimeout(ob.hoverIntent_t); }

			// else e.type == "onmouseover"
			if (e.type == "mouseover") {
				// set "previous" X and Y position based on initial entry point
				pX = ev.pageX; pY = ev.pageY;
				// update "current" X and Y position based on mousemove
				$(ob).bind("mousemove",track);
				// start polling interval (self-calling timeout) to compare mouse coordinates over time
				if (ob.hoverIntent_s != 1) { ob.hoverIntent_t = setTimeout( function(){compare(ev,ob);} , cfg.interval );}

			// else e.type == "onmouseout"
			} else {
				// unbind expensive mousemove event
				$(ob).unbind("mousemove",track);
				// if hoverIntent state is true, then call the mouseOut function after the specified delay
				if (ob.hoverIntent_s == 1) { ob.hoverIntent_t = setTimeout( function(){delay(ev,ob);} , cfg.timeout );}
			}
		};

		// bind the function to the two event listeners
		return this.mouseover(handleHover).mouseout(handleHover);
	};
})(jQuery);
</script>			<style type="text/css" media="screen">
				/**
				 * Plugin Name: Subtitles
				 * Plugin URI: http://wordpress.org/plugins/subtitles/
				 * Description: Easily add subtitles into your WordPress posts, pages, custom post types, and themes.
				 * Author: We Cobble
				 * Author URI: https://wecobble.com/
				 * Version: 2.2.0
				 * License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
				 * License URI: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
				 */

				/**
				 * Be explicit about this styling only applying to spans,
				 * since that's the default markup that's returned by
				 * Subtitles. If a developer overrides the default subtitles
				 * markup with another element or class, we don't want to stomp
				 * on that.
				 *
				 * @since 1.0.0
				 */
				span.entry-subtitle {
					display: block; /* Put subtitles on their own line by default. */
					font-size: 0.53333333333333em; /* Sensible scaling. It's assumed that post titles will be wrapped in heading tags. */
				}
				/**
				 * If subtitles are shown in comment areas, we'll hide them by default.
				 *
				 * @since 1.0.5
				 */
				#comments .comments-title span.entry-subtitle {
					display: none;
				}
			</style>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i1.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i2.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com'/>
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com'/>
<style type='text/css'>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>		<style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style>
		<link rel="icon" href="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cropped-process-logo-2.jpg?fit=32%2C32" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cropped-process-logo-2.jpg?fit=192%2C192" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cropped-process-logo-2.jpg?fit=180%2C180" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/cropped-process-logo-2.jpg?fit=270%2C270" />

<!-- START - Facebook Open Graph, Google+ and Twitter Card Tags 2.2 -->
 <!-- Facebook Open Graph -->
  <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/>
  <meta property="og:site_name" content="Process: a blog for american history"/>
  <meta property="og:title" content="Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”"/>
  <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.processhistory.org/phelps-harvey-houston-wild-west/"/>
  <meta property="og:type" content="article"/>
  <meta property="og:description" content="The disparate impact of Hurricane Harvey on poor neighborhoods in Houston has been the topic of much of the post-storm commentary during the past week. In one particularly compelling piece in the Huffington Post, Alexander C. Kaufman argues that the city’s “Wild West” mentality has contributed to a"/>
  <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg"/>
  <meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-09-06T06:45:24+00:00"/>
  <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2017-09-05T15:05:01+00:00" />
  <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2017-09-05T15:05:01+00:00" />
  <meta property="article:section" content="Commentary"/>
  <meta property="article:section" content="Public"/>
 <!-- Google+ / Schema.org -->
  <meta itemprop="name" content="Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”"/>
  <meta itemprop="description" content="The disparate impact of Hurricane Harvey on poor neighborhoods in Houston has been the topic of much of the post-storm commentary during the past week. In one particularly compelling piece in the Huffington Post, Alexander C. Kaufman argues that the city’s “Wild West” mentality has contributed to a"/>
  <meta itemprop="image" content="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg"/>
 <!-- Twitter Cards -->
  <meta name="twitter:title" content="Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”"/>
  <meta name="twitter:url" content="http://www.processhistory.org/phelps-harvey-houston-wild-west/"/>
  <meta name="twitter:description" content="The disparate impact of Hurricane Harvey on poor neighborhoods in Houston has been the topic of much of the post-storm commentary during the past week. In one particularly compelling piece in the Huffington Post, Alexander C. Kaufman argues that the city’s “Wild West” mentality has contributed to a"/>
  <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg"/>
  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
 <!-- SEO -->
  <meta name="description" content="The disparate impact of Hurricane Harvey on poor neighborhoods in Houston has been the topic of much of the post-storm commentary during the past week. In one particularly compelling piece in the Huffington Post, Alexander C. Kaufman argues that the city’s “Wild West” mentality has contributed to a"/>
 <!-- Misc. tags -->
<!-- END - Facebook Open Graph, Google+ and Twitter Card Tags 2.2 -->
	
	
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/html5.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<![endif]-->

</head>


<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-3769 single-format-standard page-builder right-sidebar full has-nav-dark">

<div class="main-wrap">

	
	<div id="main-head" class="main-head">
		
		<div class="wrap">
			
			
			<header class="default">
			
				<div class="title">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/" title="Process: a blog for american history" rel="home" class">
		
							Process: a blog for american history						
		</a>				</div>
				
									
					<div class="right">
										</div>
					
								
			</header>
				
							
				
<div class="navigation-wrap cf">

	<nav class="navigation cf nav-dark has-search">
	
		<div class>
		
			<div class="mobile" data-type="off-canvas" data-search="0">
				<a href="#" class="selected">
					<span class="text">Navigate</span><span class="current"></span> <i class="hamburger fa fa-bars"></i>
				</a>
			</div>
			
			<div class="menu-upper-nav-container"><ul id="menu-upper-nav" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-63" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-63"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/">Home</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-64" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-64"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/about/">About</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-69" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-69"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=19">Historians</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-70" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-70"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=26">Behind the Scenes</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-75" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-75"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=18">Programs</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-1146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1146"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/category/historians/working-as-a-historian/">Working as a Historian</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-65" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-65"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=20">Public</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-66" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-66"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=22">Public History</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-68" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-68"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=24">Commentary</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=23">Reviews</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li id="menu-item-72" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=21">Teaching</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-77" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-77"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=31">Research</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
	<li id="menu-item-76" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-76"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=32">Articles</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-71" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-71"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=27">Dissertations</a></li>
	<li id="menu-item-78" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-78"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?cat=30">Books</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></div>			
				
		</div>
		
	</nav>

		
	<div class="nav-search">
				
		<div class="search-overlay">
			<a href="#" title="Search" class="search-icon"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a>
			
		<div class="search">
			<form role="search" action="http://www.processhistory.org/" method="get">
				<input type="text" name="s" class="query live-search-query" value="" placeholder="Search..."/>
				<button class="search-button" type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button>
			</form>
		</div> <!-- .search -->		</div>
	</div>
	
		
</div>				
							
		</div>
		
				
	</div>	
	<div class="breadcrumbs-wrap">
		
		<div class="wrap">
		<div class="breadcrumbs"><span class="location">You are at:</span><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a itemprop="url" href="http://www.processhistory.org/"><span itemprop="title">Home</span></a></span><span class="delim">&raquo;</span><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a itemprop="url"  href="http://www.processhistory.org/category/public/"><span itemprop="title">Public</span></a></span><span class="delim">&raquo;</span><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a itemprop="url"  href="http://www.processhistory.org/category/public/commentary/"><span itemprop="title">Commentary</span></a></span><span class="delim">&raquo;</span><span class="current">Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”</span></div>		</div>
		
	</div>


<div class="main wrap cf">

		
	<div class="row">
	
		<div class="col-8 main-content">
		
				
				
<article id="post-3769" class="post-3769 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-commentary category-public tag-houston tag-hurricane-harvey title-above" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
	
	<header class="post-header cf">
	
		
				<div class="heading cf">
				
			<h1 class="post-title item fn" itemprop="name headline">
			Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”			</h1>
			
			<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/phelps-harvey-houston-wild-west/#respond" class="comments"><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i> 0</a>
		
		</div>

		<div class="post-meta cf">
			<span class="posted-by">By 
				<span class="reviewer" itemprop="author"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?p=3769&#038;preview=true" title="Posts by Wesley G. Phelps" rel="author">Wesley G. Phelps</a></span>
			</span>
			 
			<span class="posted-on">on				<span class="dtreviewed">
					<time class="value-title" datetime="2017-09-06T06:45:24-05:00" title="2017-09-06" itemprop="datePublished">September 6, 2017</time>
				</span>
			</span>
			
			<span class="cats"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/category/public/commentary/" rel="category tag">Commentary</a>, <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/category/public/" rel="category tag">Public</a></span>
				
		</div>		
			

			<div class="featured">
						
							
				<a href="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg?fit=1050%2C750" title="Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”" itemprop="image">
				
								
										
						<img width="702" height="336" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg?resize=702%2C336" class="attachment-main-slider size-main-slider wp-post-image" alt="An aerial photograph shows a large section of the city of Houston with standing flood waters." title="Hurricane Harvey and Houston’s Myth of the “Wild West”" />					
										
												
				</a>
								
										
					<div class="caption"><a href="https://www.defense.gov/Photos/Photo-Gallery/igphoto/2001802567/mediaid/2182416/">Photo by U.S. Air Force  Tech. Sgt. Larry E. Reid Jr. for the Department of Defense.</a></div>
						
								
					</div>
		
			
	</header><!-- .post-header -->

	

	<div class="post-container cf">
	
		<div class="post-content-right">
			<div class="post-content description " itemprop="articleBody">
	
					
				
		<p>The disparate impact of Hurricane Harvey on poor neighborhoods in Houston has been the topic of much of the post-storm commentary during the past week. In <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/houston-harvey-environmental-justice_us_59a41c90e4b06d67e3390993">one particularly compelling piece in the <em>Huffington Post</em></a>, Alexander C. Kaufman argues that the city’s “Wild West” mentality has contributed to a peculiar type of urban development marked by rapid and haphazard sprawl. That type of development leaves many low-income neighborhoods disproportionately susceptible to the devastating effects of storms like Harvey. While it is certainly the case that Houston’s lack of urban planning and land zoning ordinances has put these poor neighborhoods at increased risk, the fact that the city finds itself in this reality is not because of happenstance. For several decades, Houston’s boosters have actively promoted a free-market image for their city that has created the “Wild West” myth. The history of antagonism toward urban planning and land zoning in Houston, however, reveals an image not of the Wild West but of a systematic policy designed to insulate certain areas of the city from risk while leaving others vulnerable.</p>
<p>Efforts to promote city planning and to enact zoning ordinances began in Houston during the 1910s and 1920s. Local real estate developers and an organization called the Houston Property Owners’ League waged a concerted campaign against the idea, arguing that “such planning was discriminatory, arbitrary, and damaging to small property owners and real estate interests.” Not for the first time, city officials promptly rejected a planning and zoning ordinance. Proponents of planning launched a second drive to enact a zoning law during the 1930s and once again met organized resistance. Anti-zoning advocates argued that “zoning would throttle city growth and would interfere with the constitutional right to hold property.” As the debate lingered into the next decade, the voices of those opposed to urban planning in Houston grew louder and more alarmist. Zoning laws, according to opponents, would “create a dangerous club in the hands of any dictatorial administration.” One prominent leader of the anti-zoning faction proclaimed that “a zoning ordinance is an exercise of the police power of government. . . . Houston was built by men of vision, not by slide-rule experts armed with an omniscient egotism and a pocket full of silly statistics.” Another anti-zoning activist exclaimed that zoning “just goes back to the idea of Joe Stalin, that one man can figure out everything – the whole plan.” Hugh Roy Cullen, a reactionary but nonetheless influential voice in city politics, stated that Houston was “doing too well to try this un-American, German plan.” A few months later, Houston voters defeated the planning proposal in a public referendum.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">[1]</a></p>
<p>The next time the issue of urban planning and land zoning came up in Houston was during the 1960s when Mayor Louie Welch was trying to secure a Model Cities grant for the city. In 1967, the federal department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) blocked funds for Houston because the city lacked the proper zoning laws to make sure the money would be spent in accordance with the requirements of the federal program. Welch came from the elite business community and was never willing to support a zoning ordinance. In response to the HUD ruling, he appealed the decision and argued that Houston’s network of deed restrictions was sufficient to secure the funds. This argument was quite a stretch. Houston’s deed restrictions were primarily confined to the city’s more affluent neighborhoods whose residents wanted to block industrial development, particularly by the region’s growing petrochemical companies, and prevent the construction of chemical plants near their homes. Many of them also barred the placement of other “undesirable” businesses and individuals, such as gas stations and residents of color. The deed restrictions in the affluent River Oaks neighborhood, for example, “restricted the land to allow only one resident or family per lot, no hospitals, no duplexes, no apartments, only Caucasian ownership, no livestock, no dumping, and no signs.” Deed restrictions were clearly not intended to aid in urban planning. If anything, deed restrictions were a way to shun planning by offering affluent Houston residents a way to control their own neighborhoods without forcing them to approve citywide zoning laws.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">[2]</a></p>
<p>During all of these battles over urban planning in Houston, wealthy elites, their political allies, and even a majority of voters successfully blocked the enactment of zoning laws and other land use regulations. Real estate developers, oil production and refining industries, petrochemical companies, and others like them have been the beneficiaries of this absence of land control while the city’s poor residents and communities of color suffer. Natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey expose these disparities in a dramatic way. Because residents of low-income neighborhoods have fewer resources at their disposal to pressure city officials to build protections against flooding like dams and levees or to use deed restrictions to prevent petrochemical companies from building plants near them, these poor neighborhoods bear the brunt of a disaster’s devastation. In the days during and after Harvey, it has been low-income neighborhoods that have disproportionately experienced catastrophic flooding and endured toxic leaks from chemical plants. To make matters worse, in the days of recovery to come it will also be residents of low-income neighborhoods who have fewer resources to survive while they await the arrival of emergency assistance.</p>
<p>As the attention of the national media and of most Americans shifts away from the Texas Gulf Coast in the next few weeks, it is imperative to remember that the forces that have placed Houston in its current state of inequality have deep historical roots. Far from being the Wild West, elites in Houston have worked deliberately to construct a land use system that benefits the few over the many. If there is any hope in changing this situation before the next devastating storm hits the city, it is in the idea that since the system had to be built, it can also be unbuilt and a design for urban planning can, if enough Houstonians so desire, replace it.</p>
<p><em>Wesley G. Phelps is an assistant professor of history at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, just north of Houston. He is the author of </em>A People&#8217;s War on Poverty: Urban Politics and Grassroots Activists in Houston<em> (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2014).</em></p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">[1]</a> David G. McComb, <em>Houston: A History</em> (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 139-144, 217-220.</p>
<p><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">[2]</a> Larry Temple to Blair Justice, October 19, 1968, Box 16, Folder 1, White House Central Files, Local Government (Gen LG), Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas; McComb, <em>Houston</em>, 221.</p>

		
				
					<div class="tagcloud"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/houston/" rel="tag">Houston</a> <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/hurricane-harvey/" rel="tag">Hurricane Harvey</a></div>
				
			</div><!-- .post-content -->
		</div>
		
	</div>
	
	
	
	
	<div class="post-share">
		<span class="text">Share.</span>
		
		<span class="share-links">

			<a href="http://twitter.com/home?status=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" class="fa fa-twitter" title="Tweet It">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Twitter</span></a>
				
			<a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" class="fa fa-facebook" title="Share on Facebook">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Facebook</span></a>
				
			<a href="http://plus.google.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" class="fa fa-google-plus" title="Share on Google+">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Google+</span></a>
				
			<a href="http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F&amp;media=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F09%2F170831-F-KA253-0647.jpg" class="fa fa-pinterest"
				title="Share on Pinterest">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Pinterest</span></a>
				
			<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" class="fa fa-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">LinkedIn</span></a>
				
			<a href="http://www.tumblr.com/share/link?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F&amp;name=Hurricane+Harvey+and+Houston%E2%80%99s+Myth+of+the+%E2%80%9CWild+West%E2%80%9D" class="fa fa-tumblr"
				title="Share on Tumblr">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Tumblr</span></a>
				
			<a href="mailto:?subject=Hurricane%20Harvey%20and%20Houston%E2%80%99s%20Myth%20of%20the%20%E2%80%9CWild%20West%E2%80%9D&amp;body=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.processhistory.org%2Fphelps-harvey-houston-wild-west%2F" class="fa fa-envelope-o"
				title="Share via Email">
				<span class="visuallyhidden">Email</span></a>
			
		</span>
	</div>
	
		
</article>



	<section class="navigate-posts">
	
		<div class="previous"><span class="main-color title"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> Previous Article</span><span class="link"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/babits-teaching-academic-articles/" rel="prev">“Doing” History in the Modern U.S. Survey</a></span>		</div>
		
		<div class="next"><span class="main-color title">Next Article <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></span><span class="link"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/colten-harvey-houston/" rel="next">Sprawling Into Harm’s Way</a></span>		</div>
		
	</section>



	
	<section class="related-posts">
		<h3 class="section-head">Related Posts</h3> 
		<ul class="highlights-box three-col related-posts">
		
				
			<li class="highlights column one-third">
				
				<article>
						
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Selling American Vigor The Cold War and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness " class="image-link">
						<img width="214" height="140" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?resize=214%2C140" class="image wp-post-image" alt="A poster shows several milkshakes and a TV set on the steps of an escalator. The poster includes the text &quot;The milkshake, too much TV, the escalator and the elevator are killing us.&quot; The poster also has the logo of the Presidential Physical Fitness Award." title="Selling American Vigor The Cold War and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness " srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=214%2C140 428w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=214%2C140 642w" sizes="(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px" />	
											</a>
					
								<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Posts by Rachel Louise Moran" rel="author">Rachel Louise Moran</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-13T07:00:19-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 13, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
					<h2><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Selling American Vigor The Cold War and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness "><span class="entry-title-primary">Selling American Vigor</span> <span class="entry-subtitle">The Cold War and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness </span></a></h2>
					
										
				</article>
			</li>
			
				
			<li class="highlights column one-third">
				
				<article>
						
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/" title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR" class="image-link">
						<img width="214" height="140" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=214%2C140" class="image wp-post-image" alt="An image shows many rows of people standing in the middle of a large stadium." title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?w=1134 1134w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=300%2C197 300w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=1024%2C671 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=214%2C140 214w" sizes="(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px" />	
											</a>
					
								<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?p=4307&#038;preview=true" title="Posts by Erin Redihan" rel="author">Erin Redihan</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-08T07:00:01-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 8, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
					<h2><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/" title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR">The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR</a></h2>
					
										
				</article>
			</li>
			
				
			<li class="highlights column one-third">
				
				<article>
						
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/histories-of-sport/" title="Process Explores the Histories of Sport" class="image-link">
						<img width="214" height="140" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?resize=214%2C140" class="image wp-post-image" alt="A photograph shows three young people holding a silver, gold, and bronze medal." title="Process Explores the Histories of Sport" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?resize=214%2C140 214w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=214%2C140 428w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=214%2C140 642w" sizes="(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px" />	
											</a>
					
								<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/author/blogoah-org/" title="Posts by OAH Blog" rel="author">OAH Blog</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-07T09:00:38-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 7, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
					<h2><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/histories-of-sport/" title="Process Explores the Histories of Sport"><i>Process</i> Explores the Histories of Sport</a></h2>
					
										
				</article>
			</li>
			
				</ul>
	</section>

	
				<div class="comments">
				
	
	<div id="comments">

			<p class="nocomments">Comments are closed.</p>
		
	
	
	</div><!-- #comments -->
				</div>
	
				
		</div>
		
		
			
		
		
		<aside class="col-4 sidebar">
		
					<div class="">
			
				<ul>
				
				<li id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">About</h3>			<div class="textwidget">Process is the blog of the <a href="http://www.oah.org/">Organization of American Historians,</a> <em><a href="http://www.jah.oah.org/">The Journal of American History,</a></em> and <em><a href="http://www.tah.oah.org/">The American Historian,</a></em> dedicated to exploring the process of doing history and the multifaceted ways of engaging with the U.S. past.</div>
		</li>
<li id="blog_subscription-2" class="widget jetpack_subscription_widget"><h3 class="widgettitle">Receive Process posts via email</h3>
			<form action="#" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" id="subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2">
				<div id="subscribe-text"></div>					<p id="subscribe-email">
						<label id="jetpack-subscribe-label" for="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2">
							Enter email address						</label>
						<input type="email" name="email" required="required" class="required" value="" id="subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2" placeholder="Enter email address" />
					</p>

					<p id="subscribe-submit">
						<input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" />
						<input type="hidden" name="source" value="http://www.processhistory.org/phelps-harvey-houston-wild-west/" />
						<input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget" />
						<input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="blog_subscription-2" />
												<input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="jetpack_subscriptions_widget" />
					</p>
							</form>

			<script>
			/*
			Custom functionality for safari and IE
			 */
			(function( d ) {
				// In case the placeholder functionality is available we remove labels
				if ( ( 'placeholder' in d.createElement( 'input' ) ) ) {
					var label = d.querySelector( 'label[for=subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2]' );
						label.style.clip 	 = 'rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)';
						label.style.position = 'absolute';
						label.style.height   = '1px';
						label.style.width    = '1px';
						label.style.overflow = 'hidden';
				}

				// Make sure the email value is filled in before allowing submit
				var form = d.getElementById('subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2'),
					input = d.getElementById('subscribe-field-blog_subscription-2'),
					handler = function( event ) {
						if ( '' === input.value ) {
							input.focus();

							if ( event.preventDefault ){
								event.preventDefault();
							}

							return false;
						}
					};

				if ( window.addEventListener ) {
					form.addEventListener( 'submit', handler, false );
				} else {
					form.attachEvent( 'onsubmit', handler );
				}
			})( document );
			</script>
				
</li>
<li id="rss_links-3" class="widget widget_rss_links"><h3 class="widgettitle">Subscribe via RSS:</h3><p><a target="_self" href="http://www.processhistory.org/feed/" title="Subscribe to Posts"><img src="http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/images/rss/orange-medium.png" alt="RSS Feed" /></a>&nbsp;<a target="_self" href="http://www.processhistory.org/feed/" title="Subscribe to Posts">RSS - Posts</a></p>
</li>
<li id="facebook-likebox-6" class="widget widget_facebook_likebox"><h3 class="widgettitle"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/processhistory/">Follow us on Facebook!</a></h3>		<div id="fb-root"></div>
		<div class="fb-page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/processhistory/" data-width="340"  data-height="130" data-hide-cover="true" data-show-facepile="true" data-show-posts="true">
		<div class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/processhistory/"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/processhistory/">Follow us on Facebook!</a></blockquote></div>
		</div>
		</li>
<li id="twitter_timeline-3" class="widget widget_twitter_timeline"><h3 class="widgettitle">Follow us on Twitter!</h3><a class="twitter-timeline" data-height="400" data-theme="light" data-link-color="#f96e5b" data-border-color="#e8e8e8" data-tweet-limit="4" data-lang="EN" data-partner="jetpack" href="https://twitter.com/@processhistory">My Tweets</a></li>

			<li id="bunyad-latest-posts-widget-3" class="widget latest-posts">			
							<h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h3>						
			<ul class="posts-list">
			
							<li>
				
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?resize=110%2C96" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A poster shows several milkshakes and a TV set on the steps of an escalator. The poster includes the text &quot;The milkshake, too much TV, the escalator and the elevator are killing us.&quot; The poster also has the logo of the Presidential Physical Fitness Award." title="Selling American Vigor" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=110%2C96 220w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=110%2C96 330w" sizes="(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px" />					
										
					</a>
					
					<div class="content">
					
									<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Posts by Rachel Louise Moran" rel="author">Rachel Louise Moran</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-13T07:00:19-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 13, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
						<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Selling American Vigor">
							Selling American Vigor</a>
							
													
																							
					</div>
				
				</li>
							<li>
				
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=110%2C96" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="An image shows many rows of people standing in the middle of a large stadium." title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?resize=110%2C96 110w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=110%2C96 220w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=110%2C96 330w" sizes="(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px" />					
										
					</a>
					
					<div class="content">
					
									<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?p=4307&#038;preview=true" title="Posts by Erin Redihan" rel="author">Erin Redihan</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-08T07:00:01-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 8, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
						<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/" title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR">
							The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR</a>
							
													
																							
					</div>
				
				</li>
							<li>
				
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/histories-of-sport/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?resize=110%2C96" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A photograph shows three young people holding a silver, gold, and bronze medal." title="Process Explores the Histories of Sport" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?resize=110%2C96 110w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=110%2C96 220w, https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/36963359970_602aaac3ea_k.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=110%2C96 330w" sizes="(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px" />					
										
					</a>
					
					<div class="content">
					
									<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/author/blogoah-org/" title="Posts by OAH Blog" rel="author">OAH Blog</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-07T09:00:38-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 7, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
						<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/histories-of-sport/" title="&lt;i&gt;Process&lt;/i&gt; Explores the Histories of Sport">
							<i>Process</i> Explores the Histories of Sport</a>
							
													
																							
					</div>
				
				</li>
							<li>
				
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/dunning-philanthropy-democracy/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Dunning_Figure-1-e1516906210788.jpg?resize=110%2C96" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A black and white photograph shows several men sitting around a table working on papers on the table. A banner in the back reads &quot;Boston Black United.&quot;" title="Philanthropy, Nonprofits, and Democracy in the United States" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Dunning_Figure-1-e1516906210788.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=110%2C96 220w, https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Dunning_Figure-1-e1516906210788.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=110%2C96 330w" sizes="(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px" />					
										
					</a>
					
					<div class="content">
					
									<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/dunning-philanthropy-democracy/" title="Posts by Claire Dunning" rel="author">Claire Dunning</a></span><time datetime="2018-02-01T07:00:43-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">February 1, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
						<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/dunning-philanthropy-democracy/" title="Philanthropy, Nonprofits, and Democracy in the United States">
							Philanthropy, Nonprofits, and Democracy in the United States</a>
							
													
																							
					</div>
				
				</li>
							<li>
				
					<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/geiger-courtroom-legal-borderland/"><img width="110" height="96" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Courthouse_Juneau_ca_1904_NOWELL_40.jpeg?resize=110%2C96" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A photograph shows a large building with a columned entrance." title="The Courtroom as Legal Borderland" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Courthouse_Juneau_ca_1904_NOWELL_40.jpeg?resize=110%2C96 110w, https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Courthouse_Juneau_ca_1904_NOWELL_40.jpeg?zoom=2&amp;resize=110%2C96 220w, https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Courthouse_Juneau_ca_1904_NOWELL_40.jpeg?zoom=3&amp;resize=110%2C96 330w" sizes="(max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px" />					
										
					</a>
					
					<div class="content">
					
									<div class="cf listing-meta meta above">
					
				<span class="meta-item author">By <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/?p=4301&#038;preview=true" title="Posts by Andrea Geiger" rel="author">Andrea Geiger</a></span><time datetime="2018-01-30T07:00:18-05:00" itemprop="datePublished" class="meta-item">January 30, 2018</time>					
			</div>
							
						<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/geiger-courtroom-legal-borderland/" title="The Courtroom as Legal Borderland">
							The Courtroom as Legal Borderland</a>
							
													
																							
					</div>
				
				</li>
						</ul>
			
			</li>
<li id="top-posts-3" class="widget widget_top-posts"><h3 class="widgettitle">Popular Now</h3><ul class='widgets-list-layout no-grav'>
					<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/turn-peggy-shippen/" title="Televising the Revolution: Turn’s Peggy Shippen Arnold" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i2.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/turn-washingtons-spies-S2-character-peggy-shippen-letter-1200x707.jpg?fit=1200%2C707&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="Televising the Revolution: Turn’s Peggy Shippen Arnold" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/turn-peggy-shippen/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								Televising the Revolution: Turn’s Peggy Shippen Arnold							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" title="Selling American Vigor" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Milkshake-cropped-e1517942529183.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="Selling American Vigor" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/moran-selling-american-vigor/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								Selling American Vigor							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/engel-american-missionaries/" title="The (African) American Missionary Movement in Africa in the Early Twentieth Century" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/AMSengel10-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C659&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="The (African) American Missionary Movement in Africa in the Early Twentieth Century" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/engel-american-missionaries/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								The (African) American Missionary Movement in Africa in the Early Twentieth Century							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/carp-paradox/" title="The &quot;Paradox&quot; Paradox" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carp-300x278.jpg?resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="The &quot;Paradox&quot; Paradox" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/carp-paradox/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								The &quot;Paradox&quot; Paradox							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/" title="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Nations_at_1952_Olympics.jpg?fit=1134%2C743&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/redihan-1952-olympics/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								The 1952 Olympic Games, the US, and the USSR							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/prisoners-rights-1/" title="Organizing the Prisons in the 1960s and 1970s: Part One, Building Movements" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/NM_State_Pen_Unit_4.jpg?fit=650%2C977&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="Organizing the Prisons in the 1960s and 1970s: Part One, Building Movements" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/prisoners-rights-1/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								Organizing the Prisons in the 1960s and 1970s: Part One, Building Movements							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/royles-digital-hiv-aids-history/" title="Directions for Digital HIV/AIDS History" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/14913042364_ec325a8f87_k.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="Directions for Digital HIV/AIDS History" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/royles-digital-hiv-aids-history/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								Directions for Digital HIV/AIDS History							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
									<li>
												<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/chapin-healthcare/" title="The Historical Origins of Today&#039;s Healthcare Debates" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
							<img width="40" height="40" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.processhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/YesNoTVCameraHealthcareProtestNOLA.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&#038;resize=40%2C40" class='widgets-list-layout-blavatar' alt="The Historical Origins of Today&#039;s Healthcare Debates" data-pin-nopin="true" />
						</a>
						<div class="widgets-list-layout-links">
							<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/chapin-healthcare/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">
								The Historical Origins of Today&#039;s Healthcare Debates							</a>
						</div>
											</li>
				</ul>
</li>
<li id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h3 class="widgettitle">Recent Comments</h3><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href='http://historysafari.wordpress.com' rel='external nofollow' class='url'>craigphoward</a></span> on <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/the-work-of-freedom/#comment-1425">The Work of Freedom</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Thomas Lawrence Long</span> on <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/royles-digital-hiv-aids-history/#comment-1424">Directions for Digital HIV/AIDS History</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Thomas Lawrence Long</span> on <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/royles-digital-hiv-aids-history/#comment-1423">Directions for Digital HIV/AIDS History</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Rebecca</span> on <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/plant-and-clarke-federal-segregation-and-gold-star-mothers/#comment-1422">Plant and Clarke: Federal Segregation and Gold Star Mothers</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Gary Burch</span> on <a href="http://www.processhistory.org/plant-and-clarke-federal-segregation-and-gold-star-mothers/#comment-1421">Plant and Clarke: Federal Segregation and Gold Star Mothers</a></li></ul></li>
<li id="tag_cloud-2" class="widget widget_tag_cloud"><h3 class="widgettitle">Tag Cloud</h3><div class="tagcloud"><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/2016-election/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-214 tag-link-position-1" style="font-size: 15.26582278481pt;" aria-label="2016 Election (17 items)">2016 Election</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/africa/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-260 tag-link-position-2" style="font-size: 10.658227848101pt;" aria-label="Africa (9 items)">Africa</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/african-american/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-70 tag-link-position-3" style="font-size: 17.037974683544pt;" aria-label="African American (22 items)">African American</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/archives/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-178 tag-link-position-4" style="font-size: 10.658227848101pt;" aria-label="Archives (9 items)">Archives</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/books/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-82 tag-link-position-5" style="font-size: 9.7721518987342pt;" aria-label="Books (8 items)">Books</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/capitalism/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-186 tag-link-position-6" style="font-size: 12.607594936709pt;" aria-label="Capitalism (12 items)">Capitalism</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/carceral-state/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-122 tag-link-position-7" style="font-size: 15.26582278481pt;" aria-label="Carceral state (17 items)">Carceral state</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/civil-war/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-136 tag-link-position-8" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Civil War (6 items)">Civil War</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/distinguished-lecturers/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-43 tag-link-position-9" style="font-size: 13.316455696203pt;" aria-label="Distinguished Lecturers (13 items)">Distinguished Lecturers</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/documentary/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-140 tag-link-position-10" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="documentary (7 items)">documentary</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/early-american/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-189 tag-link-position-11" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="Early American (7 items)">Early American</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/education/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-150 tag-link-position-12" style="font-size: 16.329113924051pt;" aria-label="Education (20 items)">Education</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/environment/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-54 tag-link-position-13" style="font-size: 16.329113924051pt;" aria-label="Environment (20 items)">Environment</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/film/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-57 tag-link-position-14" style="font-size: 12.607594936709pt;" aria-label="Film (12 items)">Film</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/food/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-40 tag-link-position-15" style="font-size: 11.367088607595pt;" aria-label="Food (10 items)">Food</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/from-the-archives/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-227 tag-link-position-16" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="From the Archives (7 items)">From the Archives</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/health/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-246 tag-link-position-17" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Health (6 items)">Health</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/jah/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-118 tag-link-position-18" style="font-size: 9.7721518987342pt;" aria-label="JAH (8 items)">JAH</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/jah-authors/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-42 tag-link-position-19" style="font-size: 16.683544303797pt;" aria-label="JAH Authors (21 items)">JAH Authors</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/journal-of-american-history/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-159 tag-link-position-20" style="font-size: 11.367088607595pt;" aria-label="Journal of American History (10 items)">Journal of American History</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/kissinger/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-237 tag-link-position-21" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Kissinger (6 items)">Kissinger</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/legal/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-62 tag-link-position-22" style="font-size: 12.075949367089pt;" aria-label="Legal (11 items)">Legal</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/lgbtq/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-66 tag-link-position-23" style="font-size: 15.620253164557pt;" aria-label="LGBTQ (18 items)">LGBTQ</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/meta/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-37 tag-link-position-24" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="Meta (7 items)">Meta</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/native-american/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-73 tag-link-position-25" style="font-size: 12.607594936709pt;" aria-label="Native American (12 items)">Native American</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/new-orleans/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-133 tag-link-position-26" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="New Orleans (6 items)">New Orleans</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/nf/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-239 tag-link-position-27" style="font-size: 22pt;" aria-label="NF (43 items)">NF</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/oah2015/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-91 tag-link-position-28" style="font-size: 9.7721518987342pt;" aria-label="OAH2015 (8 items)">OAH2015</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/oah2016/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-185 tag-link-position-29" style="font-size: 13.316455696203pt;" aria-label="OAH2016 (13 items)">OAH2016</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/oah2017/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-146 tag-link-position-30" style="font-size: 12.075949367089pt;" aria-label="OAH2017 (11 items)">OAH2017</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/oah2018/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-256 tag-link-position-31" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="OAH2018 (7 items)">OAH2018</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/pbs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-268 tag-link-position-32" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="PBS (7 items)">PBS</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/podcasts/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-81 tag-link-position-33" style="font-size: 10.658227848101pt;" aria-label="Podcasts (9 items)">Podcasts</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/politics/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-176 tag-link-position-34" style="font-size: 20.759493670886pt;" aria-label="Politics (36 items)">Politics</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/race/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-69 tag-link-position-35" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Race (6 items)">Race</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/reconstruction/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-205 tag-link-position-36" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Reconstruction (6 items)">Reconstruction</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/sexuality/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-68 tag-link-position-37" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="Sexuality (7 items)">Sexuality</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/slavery/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-74 tag-link-position-38" style="font-size: 16.329113924051pt;" aria-label="Slavery (20 items)">Slavery</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/syllabus-walk-throughs/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-50 tag-link-position-39" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Syllabus Walk Throughs (6 items)">Syllabus Walk Throughs</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/teaching/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-209 tag-link-position-40" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Teaching (6 items)">Teaching</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/television/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-204 tag-link-position-41" style="font-size: 9.7721518987342pt;" aria-label="Television (8 items)">Television</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/the-american-historian/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-165 tag-link-position-42" style="font-size: 11.367088607595pt;" aria-label="The American Historian (10 items)">The American Historian</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/twitter/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-114 tag-link-position-43" style="font-size: 8pt;" aria-label="Twitter (6 items)">Twitter</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/vietnam-war/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-267 tag-link-position-44" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="Vietnam War (7 items)">Vietnam War</a>
<a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/women/" class="tag-cloud-link tag-link-202 tag-link-position-45" style="font-size: 8.8860759493671pt;" aria-label="Women (7 items)">Women</a></div>
</li>
<li id="text-6" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widgettitle">Past Features</h3>			<div class="textwidget"><p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/education/">Education Month</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/food/">Food History Month</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/politics/">Politics Month</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/prisoners-rights-round-table/">Organizing the Prisons in the 60s and 70s</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/kissinger/">Henry Kissinger and Historians</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.processhistory.org/tag/george-kennan-and-emotions/">George Kennan and Emotions</a></p>
</div>
		</li>
<li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widgettitle">Archives</h3>		<ul>
			<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2018/02/'>February 2018</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2018/01/'>January 2018</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/12/'>December 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/11/'>November 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/10/'>October 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/09/'>September 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/08/'>August 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/07/'>July 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/06/'>June 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/05/'>May 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/04/'>April 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/03/'>March 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/02/'>February 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2017/01/'>January 2017</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/12/'>December 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/11/'>November 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/10/'>October 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/09/'>September 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/08/'>August 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/07/'>July 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/05/'>May 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/04/'>April 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/03/'>March 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/02/'>February 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2016/01/'>January 2016</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/12/'>December 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/11/'>November 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/10/'>October 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/09/'>September 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/08/'>August 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/07/'>July 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/06/'>June 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/05/'>May 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/04/'>April 2015</a></li>
	<li><a href='http://www.processhistory.org/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li>
		</ul>
		</li>
		
				</ul>
		
			</div>
		
		</aside>
		
		
	</div> <!-- .row -->
		
	
</div> <!-- .main -->


		
	<footer class="main-footer">
	
			<div class="wrap">
		
				
		</div>
	
		
	
			<div class="lower-foot">
			<div class="wrap">
		
					
			</div>
		</div>		
		
	</footer>
	
</div> <!-- .main-wrap -->

	<div style="display:none">
	</div>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=4.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/photon/photon.js?ver=20130122'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var wpcf7 = {"apiSettings":{"root":"http:\/\/www.processhistory.org\/wp-json\/contact-form-7\/v1","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"recaptcha":{"messages":{"empty":"Please verify that you are not a robot."}}};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/scripts.js?ver=4.9'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/email-subscription/assets/email-subscription.js?ver=1.0'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/devicepx-jetpack.js?ver=201807'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://s.gravatar.com/js/gprofiles.js?ver=2018Febaa'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/wpgroho.js?ver=4.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var Bunyad = {"ajaxurl":"http:\/\/www.processhistory.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/bunyad-theme.js?ver=2.6.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/jquery.flexslider-min.js?ver=2.6.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/themes/smart-mag/js/jquery.sticky-sidebar.min.js?ver=2.6.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jpfbembed = {"appid":"249643311490","locale":"en_US"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/facebook-embed.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/twitter-timeline.js?ver=4.0.0'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/js/new-tab.min.js?ver=2.9.8'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://www.processhistory.org/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.9.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://stats.wp.com/e-201807.js' async defer></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
	_stq = window._stq || [];
	_stq.push([ 'view', {v:'ext',j:'1:5.4',blog:'84688881',post:'3769',tz:'-5',srv:'www.processhistory.org'} ]);
	_stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '84688881', '3769' ]);
</script>

</body>
</html>