<!DOCTYPE html> <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" lang="en" class="article layout_article rendering-context-www outputtype_default-article"> <head> <script>window.pbDeferredScripts=window.pbDeferredScripts||new Array;</script> <script id="_$cookiemonster">(function(document,undefined){var wl={};wl.reg=[];wl.map=[];function CM(wlmap,wlreg){this.wl={map:wl.map.concat(wlmap||[]),reg:wl.reg.concat(wlreg||[])}}CM.prototype.ommNom=function(){return this.nom(true,undefined)};CM.prototype.allows=function(cookieKey){var yum=this.nom(false,[cookieKey]).indexOf(cookieKey)>-1;return!yum};CM.prototype.nom=function(deleteCookies,cookiesList){var unset=[];var domainkey=document.location.hostname.split("").reverse().join("").slice(0,18),dcookies=cookiesList||document.cookie.split(";"),
dcookie,save,reg;for(var i=0;i<dcookies.length,dcookie=dcookies[i];i++){save=dcookie.trim().split("\x3d")[0].toLowerCase();if(this.wl.map.indexOf(save)>-1);else unset.push(save)}for(var o=0;o<this.wl.reg.length,reg=this.wl.reg[o];o++){reg.lastIndex=0;for(var i=0;i<dcookies.length,dcookie=dcookies[i];i++){save=dcookie.trim().split("\x3d")[0].toLowerCase();if(reg.test(save)){if(unset.indexOf(save)>-1)unset.splice(unset.indexOf(save),1)}else if(unset.indexOf(save)<0&&this.wl.map.indexOf(save)<0)unset.push(save)}}if(deleteCookies)if(domainkey==
"moc.tsopnotgnihsaw"&&(this.wl.reg.length||this.wl.map.length))setTimeout(function(ctx){return function(){for(var i=0;i<unset.length;i++){document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3dwww.washingtonpost.com";document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3d.washingtonpost.com";document.cookie=unset[i]+"\x3d; expires\x3dThu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT; path\x3d/; domain\x3d"}}}(this),0);else console.error("[cookie-monster] Cowardly refusing to delete cookies on "+
document.location.hostname,unset);return unset};document.__CookieMonster__=CM;return CM})(document);</script> <script>(function(document,cwlobj,map,reg,value){cwlobj={"cookies":["wpatc","s_vi","de","rplsb","rplm2","rplmct","rpld0","rpld1","wapo_login_id","wapo_secure_login_id","wapo_groups","wapo_display","wppref","devicetype","s_sess","s_pers","backplane-channel","_chartbeat2","_chartbeat5","client_region","fbuid","fbuname","wapo_fb_token","adsflag","comicsint","galleryplays","homessoldcookie","wapo_provider","washingtonpost_avatar","weather-preroll","wpnisecure","x-wp-split","x-split-override","region_cookie",
"rplpwmode","rplrol","wapo_actmgmt","wapo_az_id","sailthru_hid","sailthru_bid","__gads","osfam","wp_vi","pwamtk","drawbridge_o","drawbridge_test","debug_pwapi_ipdomainon","comscore","rplampr","googleampredirectdebugoverride","iabc","comments_sortorder","drdebugoverride","_ga","ddosdebugoverride","washpost_poe","pwadebugversiononoff","pwahpprocdebug","rplabrfg","rplabtestdebug","wapo_ab_test","rplabscmtr","rplabsectionmeterdebug","rplabuniquevisitdebug","ptvenv","rplpwabt2","rplpwtrk","pwabtestdebug",
"rplpwabt3","rplpwabt4","amp_exp","^fbm_.*","^fbsr_.*","^wordpress_.*","sub$","^wp.*"]};map=map||[];reg=reg||[];for(var i=0;i<cwlobj.cookies.length,value=cwlobj.cookies[i];i++)if("^"==value[0])reg.push(new RegExp(value));else map.push(value);document.__twpCookieMonster__=new document.__CookieMonster__(map,reg)})(document);</script> <script>var TWP_Debug=window.TWP_Debug||{};TWP_Debug.initialTime=new Date;</script> <meta name="eomportal-uuid" content="f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2"/> <meta name="object-hash" content="1518537548"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta id="viewport" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=2.0"/> <meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/> <meta name="keywords" content="fema, harvey, hurricane, katrina, donald trump, brock long, government, texas, louisiana, flooding, response, rescue"/> <meta name="news_keywords" content="fema, harvey, hurricane, katrina, donald trump, brock long, government, texas, louisiana, flooding, response, rescue"/> <meta name="twitter:site" value="@WashingtonPost"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Washington Post"/> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="True"/> <meta name="magnet" content=""/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/washingtonpost"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="41245586762"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="4403963"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="500835072"/> <meta property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/> <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context":"http://schema.org",
      
        
           "@type":"OpinionNewsArticle",
        
        
        
         
        
      
      "mainEntityOfPage":{
        "@type":"WebPage",
        "@id":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"
      },
      "headline":"Opinion | FEMA avoids disaster in Houston — so far",
      
        "description":"Officials have learned a lot from Katrina &mdash; and have a lot to learn from this storm.",
      
      
        
        
          "image":["https://www.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_1484w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT.jpg?t=20170517"],
        
      
      "datePublished":"2017-08-31T23:19:46.000Z",
      "dateModified":"2017-08-31T23:19:46.000Z",
      "isAccessibleForFree":"False",
      "hasPart":{
        "@type":"WebPageElement",
        "isAccessibleForFree":"False",
        "cssSelector":".paywall"
      },
      "publisher":{
        "@type":"NewsMediaOrganization",
        "name":"The Washington Post",
        "ethicsPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "masthead":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/masthead/",
        "missionCoveragePrioritiesPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "diversityPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "correctionsPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "verificationFactCheckingPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "unnamedSourcesPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "actionableFeedbackPolicy":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "foundingDate":"1877-12-06",
        "ownershipFundingGrants":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/policies-and-standards/",
        "diversityStaffingReport":"http://asne.org/newsroom_diversitysurvey",
        "refLocalNationalRequirements":null,
        "logo":{
          "@type":"ImageObject",
          "url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-black-400x60.png"
        }
      }
    }
  </script> <link rel="manifest" href="/pb/resources/json/desktop-notifications-manifest.json"/> <meta name="zeusAds" content="true"/> <title>FEMA avoids disaster in Houston — so far - The Washington Post</title> <link itemprop="url" rel="canonical" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_1484w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT.jpg?t=20170517" itemprop="image"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Opinion | FEMA avoids disaster in Houston — so far"/> <meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Officials have learned a lot from Katrina &mdash; and have a lot to learn from this storm."/> <meta property="og:description" content="Officials have learned a lot from Katrina &mdash; and have a lot to learn from this storm."/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"> <meta name="theme" content="normal"> <meta name="audio_url" content=""> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.washingtonpost.rainbow/wp-android-rainbow/www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.washingtonpost.android/wp-android/www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/washingtonpostopinions"/> <meta property="author" content="https://www.facebook.com/washingtonpostopinions"/> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="postopinions"/> <!--[if (gt IE 8) | (IEMobile)]><!--> <link href="/pb/gr/c/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/header_fonts/b63f1e9c46.css?_=a0143" rel="stylesheet"/> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/css/headerfonts_ie.css?_=201710090909ET"/><![endif]--> <link href="/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/css/1cd0aae0bf.css?_=6425e" rel="stylesheet"/> <link href="/pb/gr/p/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/style.css?_=733cf" rel="stylesheet"/> <style data-id="pb-r-head"></style> <script>window.wp_pb=window.wp_pb||{pageName:"article-opinions",pageId:"rDHI4319t0h8Dq",contextPath:"/pb",isAdmin:false,layoutEngineName:"off",environment:"production",resourceToken:"201710090909ET",zeusFooter:"",contentFormat:"default",outputType:"default-article",canonical_url:"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"};</script> <script>window.commercialNode="opinions";
(function(){try{wp_meta_data=window.wp_meta_data||{};wp_meta_data.platform="pagebuilder";if(!("isPageInitiallyHydrated"in wp_meta_data))wp_meta_data.isPageInitiallyHydrated=true;wp_meta_data.showAds=true;wp_meta_data.isPWA=false;wp_meta_data.showPreRollAds=false;wp_meta_data.isHomepage=false;wp_meta_data.isErrorPage=false;wp_meta_data.isMultimedia=false;wp_meta_data.wt="article_story";delete wp_meta_data.facet;delete wp_meta_data.contentName;delete wp_meta_data.contentLength;wp_meta_data.page_id=
["f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2"];wp_meta_data.meta_date=["1504221586"];wp_meta_data.author=["Editorial Board"];wp_meta_data.keywords=["fema","harvey","hurricane","katrina","donald trump","brock long","government","texas","louisiana","flooding","response","rescue"];wp_meta_data.clavis=wp_meta_data.clavis||{};wp_meta_data.clavis.keywords=[];wp_meta_data.clavis.topics=[];wp_meta_data.clavis.ct=[];delete wp_meta_data.destinations;wp_meta_data.hot_topic=[false];delete wp_meta_data.subjects;delete wp_meta_data.tags;
delete wp_meta_data.tags_for_paywall;delete wp_meta_data.category;delete wp_meta_data.people_names;delete wp_meta_data.people_positions;delete wp_meta_data.organization_names;delete wp_meta_data.coverage_industrys;delete wp_meta_data.ideology;delete wp_meta_data.addresses;delete wp_meta_data.neighborhoods;delete wp_meta_data.zip_codes;delete wp_meta_data.counties;delete wp_meta_data.venues;delete wp_meta_data.cities;delete wp_meta_data.states;delete wp_meta_data.countries;delete wp_meta_data.breaking_news;
wp_meta_data.contentType=["article"]}catch(e){}})();</script> <script>window.wpAd={"inventory":{"interstitial":{"size":[],"keyvalues":{"ad":"interstitial"}},"leaderboard":{"size":[[728,90],[970,66],[970,250]],"keyvalues":{"pos":"leaderboard"}},"inline_bb":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[620,250]}},"inline_bb_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[620,250]}},"flex_ss_bb_hp":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],[160,600],[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]]},"flex_ss_bb_hp_*":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],
[160,600],[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]]},"flex_bb_hp":{"size":[[336,850],[336,280],[300,600],[300,1050],[300,250]]},"tiffany_tile":{"size":[[200,60],[184,90]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["tiffany_tile"]}},"tiffany_tile_*":{"size":[[200,60],[184,90]]},"brandconnect_front":{"size":[[1,8],"fluid"]},"bc_pb_homepage":{"size":[[1,8],"fluid"]},"336x60":{"size":[[336,60]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["336x60"]}},"336x35_top":{"size":[[336,35]],"keyvalues":{"ad":["336x35"]}},"marketing_2":{"size":[[1,1]]},"marketwatch":{"size":[[1,
1]]},"twittermodule":{"size":[[1,1]]},"88x31":{"size":[[88,31]]},"bigbox":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"bigbox_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"bigbox_gallery":{"size":[[300,250]]},"context_notes":{"size":[[1,1]]},"enterprise":{"size":[[1,1],[620,250],[728,90]]},"enterprise_*":{"size":[[1,1],[620,250],[728,90]]},"mob_bigbox":{"size":[[300,250],[300,600],"fluid"]},"mob_bigbox_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"fixedBottom":{"size":[[320,50],[300,50]]},"pushdown":{"size":[[1,1],[970,66],[970,90],[728,
90],[970,250]]},"bc_bigbox":{"size":[[300,250]]},"lily_inline":{"size":[[300,250],[620,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[970,250]}},"lily_inline_*":{"size":[[300,250],[620,250],"fluid"],"sizeOnCondition":{"windowWidth":1250,"size":[970,250]}},"brandconnect_lily":{"size":["fluid"]},"lily_mob_inline":{"size":[[300,250],[300,600],"fluid"]},"lily_mob_inline_*":{"size":[[300,250],"fluid"]},"polly_article":{"size":[[1,1]]},"postrecommends":{"size":[[1,1]]}},"exclusionsKeyWords":{"natural_disaster":["deepwater",
"oil spill","shell","exxon","citgo","bp","chevron","hess","sunoco","disaster","fire","explosion","oil","coal","death","dead","quake","earthquake","tsunami","tornado","hurricane","flood","bed bug","infestation","gas","tropical storm","Irma","Harvey"],"human_disaster":["Weinstein","massacre","oreilly","Ailes","o'reilly","fox news","abuse","death","trafficking","dead","gunshot","murderer","porn","sex tape","sexting","sexual abuse","molestation","assault","child abuse","sex abuse","ISIS","ISIL","Islamic State",
"Al Qaeda","Syria","Syrian","Assad","shooter","shooting","migrants","aylan kurdi","refugee crisis","drown","shoot","vatican","spanair","aground","rescue","attack","disaster","explosion","war","hostage","terror","terrorist","bomb","blast","mining","miner","violence","riot","crash","9/11","sept. 11","september 11","behead","United 93","pistorius","ebola","rape","rapist","amtrak","derailment","benghazi","misconduct"],"financial_crisis":["corrupt","lawsuit","goldman","aig","foreclosure","enron","sec",
"mortgage","Insurance","health","bank","wall street","protest","labor strike","union strike","labor issue","union issue","teacher strike","teachers strike","election"],"inappropriate":["porn","deepwater","gambling","sex","alcohol","pornography"]},"posOnCommericalNode":{"washingtonpost.com":{"pos":{"leaderboard":{"start":"01/29/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"01/30/2018 23:59 EDT"},"flex_bb_hp":{"start":"01/30/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},"tiffany_tile":{"start":"02/09/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},
"tiffany_tile_2":{"start":"02/09/2018 00:00 EDT","end":"12/31/2018 23:59 EDT"},"pushdown":{"start":"09/12/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"09/12/2017 23:59 EDT"}}},"powerpost":{"pos":{"tiffany_tile":{"start":"01/01/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"07/09/2017 00:00 EDT"}}},"powerpost/article":{"pos":{"tiffany_tile":{"start":"01/01/2017 00:00 EDT","end":"07/09/2017 00:00 EDT"}}}}};</script> <script src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/ad/zeus/wp-ad.min.js" async></script> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=938922398, app-argument=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/pb/resources/json/manifest.json"/> <script src="/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/load_immediately/cd57f7dcfb.js?_=7da5f"></script> <script>wp_import.valor(true);</script> <script>window.head_conf={head:"TWPHead"};</script> <script>(function(){TWP=typeof TWP=="undefined"?{}:TWP;TWP.Data=typeof TWP.Data=="undefined"?{}:TWP.Data;TWP.Data["Tracking"]={init:function(){this.props={};this.props.platform="pagebuilder";this.props.site="www.washingtonpost.com";this.props.page_type="";this.props.page_name="opinions:article - c2e5cf46c1e2 - 20170831 - fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston-so-far";this.props.section="opinions";this.props.channel="wp - opinions";this.props.subsection="opinions";this.props.hierarchy="opinions|article";this.props.content_type=
"article";this.props.story_type="Editorial";this.props.headline="FEMA avoids disaster in Houston \u2014 so far";this.props.author="Editorial Board";this.props.source="The Washington Post";this.props.content_id="f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2";this.props.page_num="";this.props.columnname="";this.props.blogname="";this.props.published="";this.props.news_or_commercial="News";this.props.commercial_node="/opinions";this.props.content_category="Editorial-Opinion";this.props.sectionfront="";this.props.track_scrolling=
true}};TWP.Data["Tracking"].init()})();</script> <script>(function($){window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups=window.pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups||new Array;var version="";var env="production";var fileList=[];fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/conf-production/b5411285f6.js?_\x3d81d55");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"conf-production","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/conf/production/conf.js?_\x3d81d55");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/modal-css/938c258067.css?_\x3d2ffa5");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"modal-css","fileType":"css"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/identity-management/modal.css?_\x3d2ffa5");fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/identity-management/da39a3ee5e.js?_\x3db847a");fileList.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/pwapi/prod/wpPwapi1-min.js?token\x3d201706011309EST");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/identity-management/c4d7fa1f35.js?_\x3db847a");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"identity-management","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/pwapi/prod/wpPwapi1-min.js?token\x3d201706011309EST");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/identity-management/util-user-2.0.0.js?_\x3df738c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/identity-management/util.identity-management-1.2.0.js?_\x3d9d504");
fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/analytics/latest/main.js?token\x3d201710090909ET");var fileList2=[];fileList.push("//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/advertising/pseudo-static/identity-retargeting.js");if(typeof $.jqm==="undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/jqmodal/7a5b554023.js?_\x3d26a28");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"jqmodal","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jqModal.js?_\x3d26a28")}if(typeof $.cookie===
"undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/jquery-cookie/4cc3c1bef0.js?_\x3db8874");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"jquery-cookie","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.cookie-1.0.0.js?_\x3db8874")}if(typeof jQuery==="undefined"){fileList.unshift("//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/jquery/c85562b39d.js?_\x3db45ba");pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources",
"name":"jquery","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jquery/latest/jquery.js?_\x3db45ba")}function loadResources(){wp_import.valor(true);var r=new ResourceBundle("pb-r-identity");$.each(fileList,function(key,value){r.push(value)});var r2=new ResourceBundle("pb-r-retargeting");$.each(fileList2,function(key,value){r2.push(value)});$(window.document).trigger("twp.identity.load.start");r.trigger().always(function(){if(window.performance&&typeof performance.mark==="function")window.performance.mark("ResourceBundle pb-r-identity");
$(window.document).trigger("twp.identity.load.complete")}).fail(function(a,b){try{console.error(a,b)}catch(e){}});ResourceBundle.when("pb-r-identity").then(function(){r2.trigger("pb-r-retargeting",true)}).fail(function(a,b){try{console.error(a,b)}catch(e){}})}if(typeof window.ResourceBundle==="undefined"){var jsHeadJs="//www.washingtonpost.com/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/wp_import/1aa37c2c30.js?_\x3dbf2b9";pbTwpGlobalResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"wp_import",
"fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/wp_import/wp_import.js?_\x3dbf2b9");var jsscript=document.createElement("script");jsscript.onload=jsscript.onreadystatechange=function(){if(this.readyState&&this.readyState!="complete"&&this.readyState!="loaded")return;loadResources()};jsscript.src=jsHeadJs;var jssib=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];jssib.parentNode.insertBefore(jsscript,jssib)}else document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){loadResources()})})(jQuery);</script> <script>(function(){if(window.BOOMR&&window.BOOMR.version)return;var dom,doc,where,iframe=document.createElement("iframe"),win=window;function boomerangSaveLoadTime(e){win.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(win.addEventListener)win.addEventListener("load",boomerangSaveLoadTime,false);else if(win.attachEvent)win.attachEvent("onload",boomerangSaveLoadTime);iframe.src="javascript:false";iframe.title="";iframe.role="presentation";(iframe.frameElement||iframe).style.cssText="width:0;height:0;border:0;display:none;";
where=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];where.parentNode.insertBefore(iframe,where);try{doc=iframe.contentWindow.document}catch(e){dom=document.domain;iframe.src="javascript:var d\x3ddocument.open();d.domain\x3d'"+dom+"';void(0);";doc=iframe.contentWindow.document}doc.open()._l=function(){var js=this.createElement("script");if(dom)this.domain=dom;js.id="boomr-if-as";js.src="https://c.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/"+"W8234-EWWKH-SQWJU-EAC6K-7AE5Z";BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime();this.body.appendChild(js)};
doc.write('\x3cbody onload\x3d"document._l();"\x3e');doc.close()})();</script> <script>window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,n,e){function r(e){if(!n[e]){var o=n[e]={exports:{}};t[e][0].call(o.exports,function(n){var o=t[e][1][n];return r(o||n)},o,o.exports)}return n[e].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<e.length;o++)r(e[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(n){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(15),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=
!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){r(e.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,n){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e,r,o){try{d?d-=1:i("err",[o||new UncaughtException(t,n,e)])}catch(s){try{i("ierr",[s,c.now(),!0])}catch(u){}}return"function"==typeof f&&f.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,
n,e){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=n,this.line=e}function o(t){i("err",[t,c.now()])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(16),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=window.onerror,u=!1,d=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error;}catch(l){"stack"in l&&(t(8),t(7),"addEventListener"in window&&t(5),c.xhrWrappable&&t(9),u=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){u&&(d+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){u&&(this.thrown=!0,o(e))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){u&&!this.thrown&&
d>0&&(d-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})},{}],3:[function(t,n,e){t("loader").features.ins=!0},{}],4:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var o=t("ee"),i=t("handle"),a=t(8),s=t(7),c="learResourceTimings",f="addEventListener",u="resourcetimingbufferfull",d="bstResource",l="resource",p="-start",h="-end",m="fn"+p,w="fn"+h,v="bstTimer",y="pushState",g=t("loader");g.features.stn=!0,t(6);var b=
NREUM.o.EV;o.on(m,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&(this.bstStart=g.now())}),o.on(w,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&i("bst",[e,n,this.bstStart,g.now()])}),a.on(m,function(t,n,e){this.bstStart=g.now(),this.bstType=e}),a.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),this.bstType])}),s.on(m,function(){this.bstStart=g.now()}),s.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),o.on(y+p,function(t){this.time=g.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),
o.on(y+h,function(t){i("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),f in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+c]?window.performance[f](u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["c"+c]()},!1):window.performance[f]("webkit"+u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["webkitC"+c]()},!1)),document[f]("scroll",r,{passive:!0}),document[f]("keypress",r,!1),document[f]("click",r,!1)}},{}],5:[function(t,
n,e){function r(t){for(var n=t;n&&!n.hasOwnProperty(u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&o(n)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,n){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t(18)(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";n.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,n){var e=t[1],r=c(e,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==
typeof e.handleEvent)return e.handleEvent.apply(e,arguments)}var n={object:t,"function":e}[typeof e];return n?s(n,"fn-",null,n.name||"anonymous"):e});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],6:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t(18)(r);n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window.history,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],7:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t(18)(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+
i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],8:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,e)}function o(t,n,e){this.method=e,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,e)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t(18)(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";n.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],9:[function(t,
n,e){function r(t,n){d.inPlace(n,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,n=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!n.resolved&&(n.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){g.push(t),h&&(x?x.then(a):w?w(a):(E=-E,O.data=E))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<g.length;t++)r([],g[t]);g.length&&(g=[])}function s(t,n){return n}function c(t,n){for(var e in t)n[e]=t[e];return n}t(5);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t(18)(u),l=NREUM.o,p=l.XHR,h=l.MO,m=l.PR,w=l.SI,v="readystatechange",
y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],g=[];n.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var n=new p(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[n],n),n.addEventListener(v,o,!1)}catch(e){try{u.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}return n};if(c(p,b),b.prototype=p.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){r(t,n),i(n)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),h){var x=m&&m.resolve();if(!w&&!m){var E=1,O=document.createTextNode(E);
(new h(a)).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===v||a()})},{}],10:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=this.params,e=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<d;r++)t.removeEventListener(u[r],this.listener,!1);if(!n.aborted){if(e.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,4===t.readyState){n.status=t.status;var i=o(t,this.lastSize);if(i&&(e.rxSize=i),this.sameOrigin){var c=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");c&&(n.cat=c.split(", ").pop())}}else n.status=
0;e.cbTime=this.cbTime,f.emit("xhr-done",[t],t),s("xhr",[n,e,this.startTime])}}}function o(t,n){var e=t.responseType;if("json"===e&&null!==n)return n;var r="arraybuffer"===e||"blob"===e||"json"===e?t.response:t.responseText;return h(r)}function i(t,n){var e=c(n),r=t.params;r.host=e.hostname+":"+e.port,r.pathname=e.pathname,t.sameOrigin=e.sameOrigin}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable){var s=t("handle"),c=t(11),f=t("ee"),u=["load","error","abort","timeout"],d=u.length,l=t("id"),p=t(14),h=t(13),m=window.XMLHttpRequest;
a.features.xhr=!0,t(9),f.on("new-xhr",function(t){var n=this;n.totalCbs=0,n.called=0,n.cbTime=0,n.end=r,n.ended=!1,n.xhrGuids={},n.lastSize=null,p&&(p>34||p<10)||window.opera||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){n.lastSize=t.loaded},!1)}),f.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},i(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),f.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,n){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid)}),
f.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){var e=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(e&&r){var i=h(r);i&&(e.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"===t.type&&(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof n.onload))&&o.end(n)}catch(e){try{f.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<d;s++)n.addEventListener(u[s],this.listener,!1)}),f.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,n,e){this.cbTime+=t,n?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=
1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof e.onload||this.end(e)}),f.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[e]&&(this.xhrGuids[e]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),f.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[e]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[e],this.totalCbs-=1)}),f.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("removeEventListener-end",
function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){n instanceof m&&("onload"===e&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),f.on("fn-end",function(t,n){this.xhrCbStart&&f.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,n],n)})}},{}],11:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){var n=document.createElement("a"),e=window.location,r={};n.href=t,r.port=n.port;var o=n.href.split("://");
!r.port&&o[1]&&(r.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),r.port&&"0"!==r.port||(r.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),r.hostname=n.hostname||e.hostname,r.pathname=n.pathname,r.protocol=o[0],"/"!==r.pathname.charAt(0)&&(r.pathname="/"+r.pathname);var i=!n.protocol||":"===n.protocol||n.protocol===e.protocol,a=n.hostname===document.domain&&n.port===e.port;return r.sameOrigin=i&&(!n.hostname||a),r}},{}],12:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t,n,e){return function(){return i(t,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),
n?null:this,e),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(15),s=t(16),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=u);var d=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",p=l+"ixn-";a(d,function(t,n){u[n]=o(l+n,!0,"api")}),u.addPageAction=o(l+"addPageAction",!0),u.setCurrentRouteName=o(l+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,u.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var h=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,
n){var e={},r=this,o="function"==typeof n;return i(p+"tracer",[f.now(),t,e],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],e),o)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],e)}}}};a("setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,n){h[n]=o(p+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),i("err",[t,f.now()])}},{}],13:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;
if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(n){return}}}},{}],14:[function(t,n,e){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),n.exports=r},{}],15:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){var e=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(e[i]=
n(r,t[r]),i+=1);return e}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],16:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof e&&(e=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=e-n||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[n+r];return i}n.exports=r},{}],17:[function(t,n,e){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],18:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&
!t[a])}var o=t("ee"),i=t(16),a="nr@original",s=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;n.exports=function(t,n){function e(t,n,e,o){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,s,c;try{a=this,r=i(arguments),s="function"==typeof e?e(r,a):e||{}}catch(f){l([f,"",[r,a,o],s])}u(n+"start",[r,a,o],s);try{return c=t.apply(a,r)}catch(d){throw u(n+"err",[r,a,d],s),d;}finally{u(n+"end",[r,a,c],s)}}return r(t)?t:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[a]=t,d(t,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function f(t,n,o,i){o||(o="");var a,s,c,f="-"===o.charAt(0);for(c=
0;c<n.length;c++)s=n[c],a=t[s],r(a)||(t[s]=e(a,f?s+o:o,i,s))}function u(e,r,o){if(!c||n){var i=c;c=!0;try{t.emit(e,r,o,n)}catch(a){l([a,e,r,o])}c=i}}function d(t,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var e=Object.keys(t);return e.forEach(function(e){Object.defineProperty(n,e,{get:function(){return t[e]},set:function(n){return t[e]=n,n}})}),n}catch(r){l([r])}for(var o in t)s.call(t,o)&&(n[o]=t[o]);return n}function l(n){try{t.emit("internal-error",n)}catch(e){}}return t||(t=o),e.inPlace=f,e.flag=
a,e}},{}],ee:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t){function n(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?c(t,s,i):i()}function e(e,r,o,i){if(!l.aborted||i){t&&t(e,r,o);for(var a=n(o),s=h(e),c=s.length,f=0;f<c;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var d=u[y[e]];return d&&d.push([g,e,r,a]),a}}function p(t,n){v[t]=h(t).concat(n)}function h(t){return v[t]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||o(e)}function w(t,n){f(t,function(t,e){n=n||"feature",y[e]=n,n in u||(u[n]=[])})}var v={},y={},g={on:p,emit:e,get:m,listeners:h,context:n,
buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return g}function i(){return new r}function a(){(u.api||u.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,u=l.backlog={})}var s="nr@context",c=t("gos"),f=t(15),u={},d={},l=n.exports=o();l.backlog=u},{}],gos:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){if(o.call(t,n))return t[n];var r=e();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[n]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,
n,e,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,n,e)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,n,e){function r(){if(!x++){var t=b.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(u.abort,3E4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&n))return u.abort();f(y,function(n,e){t[n]||(t[n]=e)}),c("mark",
["onload",a()+b.offset],null,"api");var e=l.createElement("script");e.src="https://"+t.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){c("mark",["domContent",a()+b.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return E.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(s=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),s))-b.offset}var s=(new Date).getTime(),c=t("handle"),f=t(15),u=t("ee"),d=window,l=d.document,p="addEventListener",h="attachEvent",m=d.XMLHttpRequest,w=m&&m.prototype;
NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:d.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:m,REQ:d.Request,EV:d.Event,PR:d.Promise,MO:d.MutationObserver};var v=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1044.min.js"},g=m&&w&&w[p]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),b=n.exports={offset:s,now:a,origin:v,features:{},xhrWrappable:g};t(12),l[p]?(l[p]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),d[p]("load",r,!1)):(l[h]("onreadystatechange",o),d[h]("onload",r)),c("mark",["firstbyte",s],null,"api");
var x=0,E=t(17)},{}]},{},["loader",2,10,4,3]);NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"ce992986c8",applicationID:"91618238",sa:1};</script> <script>if(typeof newrelic=="object"){newrelic.setCustomAttribute("site","www.washingtonpost.com");newrelic.setCustomAttribute("rawUserAgent",navigator.userAgent);if(window.wp_pb&&wp_pb.pageName)newrelic.setCustomAttribute("pbPageName",wp_pb.pageName)};</script> <script>window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbHeadResourceGroups=window.pbHeadResourceGroups||new Array;pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"css","fileType":"css"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/normalize.css?_\x3d6a9e1");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/assets/fonts/custom/latest/css/icons.css?_\x3df2022");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/pbCore.css?_\x3d085a8");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/voltron-v2.css?_\x3ddfe15");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/bootstrap-cols.css?_\x3d3b7b6");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/refresh.css?_\x3d9949c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/loadAsync.css?_\x3ddd2a8");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/homepage-layout.css?_\x3deaefa");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/article-layout.css?_\x3df7b59");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/css/inline-content.css?_\x3d9f7b2");
pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"style.css","fileType":"css"});pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"load_immediately","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/jquery/latest/jquery.js?_\x3db45ba");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/wp_import/wp_import.js?_\x3dbf2b9");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/loadAsync.js?_\x3def538");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/event-controller.v2.js?_\x3d7ea6e");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/event-queue.js?_\x3df2c13");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/pbCore.article.js?_\x3d8d21e");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/pbStaticMethodsEssentials.js?_\x3d9afe0");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/mobile-detection.js?_\x3d8c659");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/console/console.noop.js?_\x3d8d21e");
pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"load_async","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/polyfills.min.js?_\x3db72b3");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/pbStaticMethodsAsync.js?_\x3d9afe0");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/utils/mobile-detection-classes.js?_\x3dc311c");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.cookie-1.0.0.js?_\x3db8874");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/cookie-sync.min.js?_\x3dbd27d");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/plugins/plugin.jquery.in-viewport-1.0.0.js?_\x3d26cc0");pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"headjs","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/noop.js?_\x3dd47ff");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/article-layout-headjs.js?_\x3d26cc0");pbHeadResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"head.js","fileType":"js"});</script> </head> <body class="pb-theme-normal pb-full-fluid" data-no_ads="false"> <div style="width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; position: absolute !important; left: -10000px !important; top: -1000px !important;" class="pub_300x250 pub_300x250m pub_728x90 text-ad textAd text_ad text_ads text-ads text-ad-links" id="wp-adb-c"></div> <div id="pb-f-a"></div> <div id="pb-root" class=""><section id="top-furniture" class="col-xs-12 layout"><div id="fJSFxb29t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-header-v2" moat-id="page/header-v2|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/header-v2" data-pb-fingerprint="0fmmobXsip5" id="flFCfF19t0h8Dq"> <!--[if IE 9]><style>#main-sections-nav.subNavigation{width:475px !important}#main-sections-nav{left:-250px !important;width:315px !important}#main-sections-nav-inner{position:absolute !important}#main-sections-nav.subNavigation #main-sections-nav-inner{width:550px !important;overflow-x:hidden !important}#main-sections-nav.subNavigation{width:470px !important}</style><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]><div id="page" class="ie ie9 "><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><div id="page" class="ie ie8 "><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <div id="page" class="nie "> <!--<![endif]--> <header id="wp-header" class="site-header fixed "> <nav id="nav-bar" class="top-nav" role="navigation"> <div id="logo-in-nav" class=" nav-display-show " itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com" class="wp-logo-link" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <img width="181" class="main-logo" src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-white-2x.png" alt="The Washington Post"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/thewashingtonpost-white-2x.png"> <meta itemprop="width" content="200"> <meta itemprop="height" content="40"> <div class="tagline-wrapper"> <span class="header-tagline">Democracy Dies in Darkness</span> </div> </a> <meta itemprop="name" content="washingtonpost"/> </div> <div class="main-navigation row"> <div class="col-xs-7 col-md-7 col-lg-7"> <ul class="buttons-inline"> <li class="search-form-item hidden-xs"> <form id="search-form" method="get" class="search" action="//www.washingtonpost.com/newssearch/"> <input id="search-field" autocomplete="off" name="query" type="text" class="form-control closed" placeholder="Search"/> <i id="search-btn" class="fa fa-search closed"></i> </form> </li> <li class="hidden-xs"> <a href="#" id="section-menu-btn" class="button section-menu-btn sections"> Sections <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </a> </li> <li class="mobile-nav-button visible-xs"> <a href="#" class="section-menu-btn"> <i class="fa fa-bars mobile-hamburger-ic" id="mobile-hamburger-ic"></i> </a> </li> <li id="section-menu-home" class="menu hidden-xs hide"> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/?tid=tst_homelink">Home</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-5 col-md-5 col-lg-5"> <div class="mobile-settings-button"> <a href="#" id="settings-nav-btn"></a> </div> <div class="sign-up-buttons"> <ul class="button-group" id="logged-in-status"> <li id="nav-subscribe" class="hidden"> <a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?nid=top_pb_subscribe&promo=o3&oscode=RPWH&destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html&tid=nav_subscribe_logged_out" class="button"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> <li id="nav-user" class="hidden hidden-xs" data-show-identity="true" data-menu="user-menu"> <a class="button"> <span class="username">Username</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-sign-in hidden"> <a id="sign-in-link" href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/loginregistration/index.html?tid=nav_sign_in" class="button"> <span class="username">Sign In</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> <div class="visible-xs"> <ul class="site-info"> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Account</a></li> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/newsletters?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Newsletters &amp; Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/gift?promo=g_d&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Gift Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/ticketnewwizard.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/KBSplash.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Help Desk</a></li> </ul> </div> </ul> </div> <div id="slug_88x31" data-ad-type="88x31" style="display:none;"></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="user-menu" class="nav-menu hidden"> <ul> <li id="nav-subscribe" class="hidden"> <a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?nid=top_pb_subscribe&promo=o5&oscode=RPWH&destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html&tid=nav_subscribe_logged_in" class="button"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <hr class="separator"/> </li> </ul> <ul class="user-info"></ul> <ul class="site-info"> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Account</a></li> <li class="account-menu hidden"><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/profile/#/?destination=https://www.washingtonpost.com/?refresh=true&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/newsletters?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Newsletters &amp; Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/gift?promo=g_d&tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Gift Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/ticketnewwizard.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="http://help.washingtonpost.com/ics/support/KBSplash.asp?tid=nav_acctmgnt_menu">Help Desk</a></li> </ul> </div> </header> </div> <!--[if IE 8]><div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav ie8"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]><div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav ie9"><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]><!--> <div id="main-sections-nav" class="sections-nav hide-subscribe-left-nav"> <!--<![endif]--> <div id="main-sections-nav-inner" class="sections-nav unfetched-menu "> <div id="sections-menu-off-canvas-alt"> <ul class="side-nav"> <li id="nav-screenreader-link" class="main-nav nav-screenreader-link"> <a class="main-nav-item screenreader-link" target="_self" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html?outputType=accessibility&nid=menu_nav_accessibilityforscreenreader">Accessibility for screenreader</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wp-logo-for-print"> <img class="unprocessed" data-hi-res-src="https://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/resources/img/washingtonpost_black_32.png" alt="The Washington Post"/> </div> </div> <div id="fSIH2c29t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-leaderboard" moat-id="ad/leaderboard|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/leaderboard" data-pb-fingerprint="0fGmobXsipx" id="f00yV4R9t0h8Dq"> <div class="leaderboard ad-hideable"> <wp-ad id="slug_leaderboard" class="pb-ad-container"></wp-ad> <div class="leaderboard-close fa"></div> </div> <div class="mobile-fixed ad-hideable"> <div id="slug_t" data-ad-type="t" class="pb-ad-container-mobile" style="display:none;"> </div> </div> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard={};TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.viewability=false;TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.sticky=true;TWP.Features.Ad.Leaderboard.belowSharebar=false})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-interstitial" moat-id="ad/interstitial|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/interstitial" data-pb-fingerprint="0fWc5vMxcqf" id="fNGSW929t0h8Dq"> <div class="zeus-ads-fixed"> <div class="ad-interstitial"></div> </div> <script>(function(){var container=$(".zeus-ads-fixed"),interstitial=document.createElement("WP-AD");interstitial.id="slug_interstitial";$("#pb-root").before(container);if(!$("#slug_interstitial",container).length)$(".ad-interstitial").append(interstitial)})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-ad-blocker" moat-id="page/ad-blocker|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/ad-blocker" data-pb-fingerprint="0fq8k0CHlqf" id="f0430M29t0h8Dq"> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="top-content" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-10 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-topper" moat-id="article/article-topper|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-topper" data-pb-fingerprint="0fUmobXsipc" id="fz9bNq19t0h8Dq"> <div class="border-bottom-off border-bottom-"> <div id="article-topper" class="article-topper "> <div class="headline-kicker"><a class='kicker-link' href='http://www.washingtonpost.com/the-posts-view/2011/12/07/gIQAoEIscO_page.html'>The Post's View</a><div class="section-label"> <span class="section-label-span"> <i class="fa fa-circle section-label-ic" aria-hidden="true"></i> Opinion </span> <div class="story-label-explainer arrow_box"> <i class="fa fa-times label-modal-close" aria-hidden="true"></i> <p class="label-title Opinion"> <b class="label">Opinion</b> <span class="label-content"> Interpretation of the news based on evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events </span> </p> </div> </div></div> <div id="topper-headline-wrapper" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-12"> <h1 data-pb-field="custom.topperDisplayName" itemprop="headline">FEMA avoids disaster in Houston — so far</h1> </div> <div id="essentials-topperx" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="main-content" class="col-xl-9 col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-xs-offset-0 col-sm-offset-0 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-deck" moat-id="article/article-deck|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-deck" data-pb-fingerprint="0fiHXgA0Jpp" id="f0Bm8kQ9t0h8Dq"> <div id="article-deck" class="article-deck"> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-article-article-body" moat-id="article/article-body|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="article/article-body" data-pb-fingerprint="0fVmobXsip6" id="f02jg4t9t0h8Dq"> <div id="article-body" class="article-body content-format-default"> <div class="inline-content inline-photo inline-photo-normal"> <a name="ae798e70464a0d2404845982405f58e53b16be0a"></a> <img class="unprocessed placeholder" src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_60w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT-2376.jpg?uuid=IdQFeI6NEeeN9cLlz0bB4g" data-hi-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_1484w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT-2376.jpg?uuid=IdQFeI6NEeeN9cLlz0bB4g" data-low-res-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_480w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT-2376.jpg?uuid=IdQFeI6NEeeN9cLlz0bB4g" data-raw-src="https://img.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/08/31/Editorial-Opinion/Images/AFP_RZ4NT-2376.jpg?uuid=IdQFeI6NEeeN9cLlz0bB4g"><br/> <span class="pb-caption">Evacuees seeking financial help consult with FEMA agents at a convention center-turned-evacuation shelter after Hurricane Harvey caused heavy flooding in Houston on Wednesday. (Mark Ralston/Agence France-Presse via Getty Images)</span> </div> <div class="pb-sig-line hasnt-headshot has-0-headshots hasnt-bio is-not-column"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-posts-view/"><span itemprop="name">Editorial Board</span></a></span> <span class="pb-byline-tool-mobile"> <span class="pb-byline" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">By <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-posts-view/"><span itemprop="name">Editorial Board</span></a></span> </span> <span class="pb-timestamp" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-31T07:19-500">August 31, 2017</span> <span class="tweet-authors"><span class="pb-twitter-follow unprocessed"><a href="https://twitter.com/postopinions" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-lang="en">Follow postopinions</a></span> </span> <span class="pb-bolt"><i class="fa fa-bolt"></i></span> </div> <article class="paywall" itemprop="articleBody"> <p id="U122039366299296yB">THE GULF of Mexico coast is just coming to grips with the devastation of Hurricane Harvey, the remnants of which continued to pelt inland areas Thursday. Tragedy on this scale cannot be fully managed, and the response is only beginning. William “Brock” Long, administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, warned before the hurricane hit that rebuilding would take years. Early damage estimates foresee costs <a href="http://www.chron.com/news/politics/texas/article/Abbott-predicts-record-setting-federal-response-12161613.php" shape="rect">ranging around or above $100 billion</a>. Yet, given the effort so far, Harvey may not become synonymous with government mismanagement, as Katrina did. </p> <p id="U12203936629929mD">Several things that occurred since Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005 have helped make the beginnings of the response to Harvey seem more orderly. </p> <p>The George W. Bush administration <a href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/weather/2017/08/25/harvey-hits-trump-administration-looks-katrina-gotten-lot-better" shape="rect">had to wait</a> for assessments and consultations with local officials before dispatching federal resources. This time, the federal government was able to deploy officials on the ground well before Harvey hit, and coordination with state leaders was closer. Federal military officials and state National Guard forces are working together in ways not seen in 2005.</p> <p>New technology has been deployed. Drones have been surveying damage. Fast Company <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/40459641/from-katrina-to-harvey-how-disaster-relief-is-evolving-with-technology" shape="rect">reports</a> that electronic flood gauges have fed information to a website through which Houstonians could monitor the state of waterways near them. Snapchat’s mapping feature has helped determine which places needed emergency attention. Facebook has served as a platform to spread information on dangerous conditions — and allowed people to report to their loved ones that they were safe. FEMA has “social listeners” who monitor electronic media and send the information they gather to responders.</p> <p id="U12203936629929lcH">Wired <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/harvey-shows-progress-on-emergency-communications-since-katrina/" shape="rect">points out that</a> Texas upgraded its 911 system after Katrina. Harvey still stressed Houston’s 911, with some callers unable to get through at the busiest times. But it could have been worse. Meanwhile, cellular phone service appears to have held up better during Harvey than during Katrina, in part due to how mobile carriers planned for this hurricane. </p><div></div> <p>President Trump hired a professional emergency manager in Mr. Long. He has projected calm competence throughout the crisis, a welcome contrast to the pathetic spectacle of Bush FEMA director Michael Brown seeming unaware of the misery in New Orleans’s Superdome. Like Mr. Brown, Mr. Long and local officials have a big problem with the well-over-30,000 people displaced from their homes, many of whom are sitting in Houston’s convention and sports centers. How and how quickly these people are moved into more respectable dwellings — their own homes if habitable or motel rooms if not — will be a key measure of how well these leaders are doing their jobs. So will how they handle dicey <a href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Public-health-threat-from-Hurricane-Harvey-just-12163122.php" shape="rect">public-health threats</a>, such as toxic chemical spills, acrid smoke and waterborne disease.</p> <p>There are more tests ahead, of course. Much of FEMA’s outrageous waste and mismanagement came <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/08/29/fema-emergency-housing-hurricane-harvey-refugees/612455001/" shape="rect">well after</a> Katrina’s floodwaters subsided. Even as recovery proceeds, the nation must also learn from Harvey as it did from Katrina. Emergency communications could be hardened by <a href="https://www.marketplace.org/2017/08/30/tech/barely-anyone-used-text-911-during-hurricane-harvey" shape="rect">getting 911 off</a> outdated wired telephone lines, enabling wireless “mesh” networks that work when cell towers do not and allowing for more detailed emergency alerts. State and local governments should update building codes to make homes and businesses more resilient. And the Trump administration should rethink some of the budget cuts it <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/as-agencies-respond-to-storm-some-face-cuts-under-trump-budget-proposal/2017/08/29/0fbbd6ca-8cc8-11e7-84c0-02cc069f2c37_story.html?utm_term=.7ebfd4922937" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">proposed to agencies</a> such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which would make future dangers harder to identify and respond to.</p> <div class="extra"> <p> <b>Read more:</b> </p> <p> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-harvey-flood-insurance-needs-reform/2017/08/30/0a04b88e-8d02-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html?utm_term=.151684d2221c" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">The Post’s View: After Harvey, flood insurance needs reform</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2017/08/29/the-political-lessons-americans-should-learn-from-hurricane-harvey/?utm_term=.a9a236e170ca" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">Christian Caryl: The political lessons Americans should learn from Hurricane Harvey</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/harvey-should-be-the-turning-point-in-fighting-climate-change/2017/08/29/21c53244-8cd2-11e7-84c0-02cc069f2c37_story.html?utm_term=.7efdb23b82fd" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">Vernon Loeb: Harvey should be the turning point in fighting climate change</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2017/08/28/republicans-could-rise-to-meet-the-challenge-of-harvey-or-not/?utm_term=.d3739b900306" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">Jennifer Rubin: Republicans could rise to meet the challenge of Harvey — or not</a> </p><div></div> <p> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/harveys-heroes--the-inspiring-response-to-a-terrible-storm/2017/08/28/e0d4a3fe-8c14-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html?utm_term=.6f62f40a155f" shape="rect" title="www.washingtonpost.com">The Post’s View: Harvey’s heroes — the inspiring response to a terrible storm</a> </p> </div></article> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-eBook-disclaimer" moat-id="page/eBook-disclaimer|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/eBook-disclaimer" data-pb-fingerprint="0fuFsUg8Dqr" id="fx3K7529t0h8Dq"> <div class="ebook-disclaimer "> <p class="description">We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.</p> </div></div> <div class="pb-container"> <div id="fmkUAg29t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> </div> <div class="chain-wrapper standard-chain in-chain border-bottom-hairline border-bottom-100-pct pb-layout-item pb-chain pb-c-standard-chain full" data-chain-name="no-name" id="cfBQEc29t0h8Dq"> <div class="chain-content no-skin clear"> <div id="fffZRk19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="ftssJq19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="fRwbos19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fEwbhr19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="f0ZqEZ69t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="ffyhur19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-tools-feature-loader" moat-id="tools/feature-loader|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="comments-loader" data-feature-id="tools/feature-loader" data-pb-fingerprint="0fNmobXsipk" id="f0GW2In9t0h8Dq"> <div data-conditionsurl="/pb/resources/conditions/comments.json" data-contenturi="/pb/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html" class="feature-loader-config" style="display: none"></div> </div> <div id="ffGqea29t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="right-rail" class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-10 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-offset-0 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex" moat-id="ad/flex|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex" data-pb-fingerprint="0fRmobXsipL" id="f0mAxzP9t0h8Dq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-" data-ad-type="flex_ss_bb_hp"></wp-ad> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd={};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd.sticky=true})();</script> </div> <div id="fBTsFQ19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex-2" moat-id="ad/flex-2|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex-2" data-pb-fingerprint="0fMmobXsipC" id="f0HzjKI9t0h8Dq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp_2" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-" data-ad-type-placeholder="flex_ss_bb_hp|2" data-ad-delivery="vi"></wp-ad> </div> <div id="fTwkbx19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fjVXhd29t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fqH8DG19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="f0DB0g69t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-ad-flex-3" moat-id="ad/flex-3|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="ad/flex-3" data-pb-fingerprint="0fwmobXsipT" id="f0ZJaqw9t0h8Dq"> <wp-ad id="slug_flex_ss_bb_hp_3" class="pb-ad-container border-bottom-airy border-bottom-"data-ad-type-placeholder="flex_ss_bb_hp|3" data-ad-delivery="vi"></wp-ad> <script>(function(){TWP=window.TWP||{};TWP.Features=TWP.Features||{};TWP.Features.Ad=TWP.Features.Ad||{};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd3={};TWP.Features.Ad.flexAd3.sticky=true})();</script> </div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-posttv-sticky-player-powa" moat-id="posttv/sticky-player-powa|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="posttv/sticky-player-powa" data-pb-fingerprint="0fawsX7Ijqg" id="f09II5g9t0h8Dq"><div class="posttv-sticky-player-video pb-font-smoothing wpv-hidden"> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-exit"><span class="franklin-bold">Close</span><i class="fa fa-times"></i></div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-wrapper" id="posttv-sticky-player-wrapper"></div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-text wpv-hidden"> <div class="label label-normal">Now Playing</div> <div class="posttv-sticky-player-caption pb-caption"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="bottom-content" class="col-xs-12 layout"><div id="fxQwGI19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> </div></section> <section id="bottom-furniture" class="col-xs-12 layout"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-tools-feature-loader" moat-id="tools/feature-loader|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="drawbridge-loader" data-feature-id="tools/feature-loader" data-pb-fingerprint="0fmg676Hlqr" id="f6n4lm19t0h8Dq"> <script type="application/json" class="feature-loader-config">
          {
  "modal-adblock_v2-controlvar": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "controlvar"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Unblock ads",
            "buttonOneSubText": "",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Subscribe",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_1&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "button",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var1": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var1"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Subscribe now",
            "buttonOneSubText": "Only $1 for the first 4 weeks",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_2&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "button",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var2": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var2"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "Subscribe now",
            "buttonOneSubText": "Only $1 for the first 4 weeks",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_3&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "underlined",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "modal-adblock_v2-var3": {
    "async": true,
    "condition": {
      "func": "abtest",
      "params": ["modal-adblock_v2", "var3"]
    },
    "action": {
      "func": "loadFeature",
      "params": [
        {
          "featureConfigID": "drawbridge/base"
        },
        {
          "customFields": {
            "type": "modal",
            "conversionType": "adblocker",
            "theme": "blueLeft",
            "header": "We noticed you’re blocking ads.",
            "body": "",
            "subHeader": "Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.",
            "buttonOneTxt": "See subscription plans",
            "buttonOneSubText": "",
            "buttonOneURL": "https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=o12_t_zwy0917_4&view=1&ttexclude=1",
            "buttonTwoTxt":"Learn how to unblock ads",
            "buttonTwoURL" : "https://www.washingtonpost.com/steps-for-disabling-adblocker/2016/09/14/a8c3d4d2-7aac-11e6-bd86-b7bbd53d2b5d_story.html",
            "buttonTwoStyle": "underlined",
            "newsletterName": "adblocker",
            "template": "drawbridge-no-sub",
            "initiative": "adblocker",
            "promoId": "none",
            "image": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/drawbridge-popup-lg.png",
            "imageSmall": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/resources/img/drawbridge/TWP_logo@2x.png"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}
        </script> </div> <div id="f0nwDDk9t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false full pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-page-clavis" moat-id="page/clavis|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="page/clavis" data-pb-fingerprint="0fTmobXsipD" id="f4m97R19t0h8Dq"> <script>try{if(wp_meta_data){if(!wp_meta_data.clavis)wp_meta_data.clavis={};(function(){var clavisAuxs=[];var clavisAuxNames=[];var clavisKeywords=[];var clavisTopics=[];var clavisTopicsDFP=[];clavisAuxs.push("3cz");clavisAuxNames.push("Copy%20of%20Enterprise%20Mobility%2010.14.14");clavisAuxs.push("wmp");clavisAuxNames.push("Disaster-natural");clavisAuxs.push("eiz");clavisAuxNames.push("MS%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("WKH");clavisAuxNames.push("Facebook kw");clavisAuxs.push("BI4");clavisAuxNames.push("Collaboration and Teleconferencing");
clavisAuxs.push("7nl");clavisAuxNames.push("Geico%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("XHB");clavisAuxNames.push("cit kws");clavisAuxs.push("ncw");clavisAuxNames.push("Enterprise%20Mobility%2010.14.14");clavisAuxs.push("713");clavisAuxNames.push("ibm%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("4y6");clavisAuxNames.push("Cvy%20kws");clavisAuxs.push("xyt");clavisAuxNames.push("food%20safety%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("00T");clavisAuxNames.push("NBA Basketball");clavisAuxs.push("GQP");clavisAuxNames.push("intel kw");clavisAuxs.push("mq0");
clavisAuxNames.push("Disaster-financial%20crisis");clavisAuxs.push("wtg");clavisAuxNames.push("Exxn%20neg%20v2");clavisAuxs.push("zhn");clavisAuxNames.push("Emissions");clavisAuxs.push("WC9");clavisAuxNames.push("Election%202016");clavisAuxs.push("4LR");clavisAuxNames.push("Healthcare - Sanofi - 11.9.17");clavisAuxs.push("43c");clavisAuxNames.push("Copy%20of%20Enterprise%20Mobility%2010.14.14");clavisAuxs.push("PKT");clavisAuxNames.push("bp kws");clavisAuxs.push("81f");clavisAuxNames.push("smsg%20kws");
clavisAuxs.push("IAM");clavisAuxNames.push("aig kws");clavisAuxs.push("QT4");clavisAuxNames.push("WstnKw");clavisAuxs.push("7aq");clavisAuxNames.push("Sensitive%202");clavisAuxs.push("97K");clavisAuxNames.push("Travel%20TG");clavisAuxs.push("5k4");clavisAuxNames.push("China_HongKong%20Exclusion%2012-12-14");clavisAuxs.push("IAJ");clavisAuxNames.push("New Auxiliary 460");clavisAuxs.push("11S");clavisAuxNames.push("citi kws");clavisAuxs.push("7nc");clavisAuxNames.push("emails%20-%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("zwn");
clavisAuxNames.push("Murdoch%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("m42");clavisAuxNames.push("Boa-kws");clavisAuxs.push("kre");clavisAuxNames.push("Transportation,%20Logistics,%20and%20Industry");clavisAuxs.push("8z8");clavisAuxNames.push("Sensitive1");clavisAuxs.push("7rl");clavisAuxNames.push("Icahn%20neg");clavisAuxs.push("BUM");clavisAuxNames.push("api kws");clavisKeywords.push("Harvey");clavisKeywords.push("Katrina");clavisKeywords.push("harvey");clavisKeywords.push("official");clavisKeywords.push("katrina");
clavisKeywords.push("information");clavisKeywords.push("View");clavisKeywords.push("hurricane");clavisKeywords.push("FEMA");clavisKeywords.push("Post");clavisKeywords.push("Long");clavisKeywords.push("Brock");clavisKeywords.push("emergency");clavisKeywords.push("William");clavisKeywords.push("gulf");clavisKeywords.push("Federal");clavisKeywords.push("devastation");clavisKeywords.push("remnant");clavisKeywords.push("response");clavisKeywords.push("Houstonians");clavisKeywords.push("Superdome");clavisKeywords.push("mr long");
clavisKeywords.push("Mr Long");clavisKeywords.push("Hurricane");clavisKeywords.push("home");clavisKeywords.push("administrator");clavisKeywords.push("grip");clavisKeywords.push("Houston");clavisKeywords.push("mismanagement");clavisKeywords.push("mesh");clavisKeywords.push("scale");clavisKeywords.push("dwelling");clavisKeywords.push("floodwater");clavisKeywords.push("tragedy");clavisKeywords.push("competence");clavisKeywords.push("Snapchat");clavisKeywords.push("listener");clavisKeywords.push("consultation");
clavisKeywords.push("misery");clavisKeywords.push("Hurricane Harvey");clavisKeywords.push("hurricane harvey");clavisKeywords.push("flood");clavisKeywords.push("coordination");clavisKeywords.push("waterway");clavisKeywords.push("responder");clavisKeywords.push("drone");clavisKeywords.push("damage");clavisKeywords.push("spectacle");clavisKeywords.push("caller");clavisKeywords.push("Read");clavisKeywords.push("waste");clavisKeywords.push("state");clavisKeywords.push("Orleans");clavisKeywords.push("new orleans");
clavisKeywords.push("assessment");clavisKeywords.push("carrier");clavisKeywords.push("cost");clavisKeywords.push("government");clavisKeywords.push("beginning");clavisKeywords.push("smoke");clavisKeywords.push("fema");clavisKeywords.push("houston");clavisKeywords.push("resource");clavisKeywords.push("hero");clavisKeywords.push("platform");clavisKeywords.push("storm");clavisKeywords.push("Brown");clavisKeywords.push("government mismanagement");clavisKeywords.push("Emergency");clavisKeywords.push("brock");
clavisKeywords.push("william");clavisKeywords.push("Mexico coast");clavisKeywords.push("area thursday");clavisKeywords.push("mexico coast");clavisKeywords.push("federal emergency management agency");clavisKeywords.push("damage estimate");clavisKeywords.push("effort");clavisKeywords.push("budget");clavisKeywords.push("contrast");clavisKeywords.push("reform");clavisKeywords.push("point");clavisKeywords.push("people");clavisKeywords.push("New");clavisKeywords.push("danger");clavisKeywords.push("network");
clavisKeywords.push("test");clavisKeywords.push("republican");clavisKeywords.push("ground");clavisKeywords.push("convention");clavisKeywords.push("website");clavisKeywords.push("Facebook");clavisKeywords.push("Agency");clavisKeywords.push("Management");clavisKeywords.push("Texas");clavisKeywords.push("crisis");clavisKeywords.push("long");clavisKeywords.push("Federal Emergency Management Agency");clavisKeywords.push("National");clavisKeywords.push("hurricane katrina");clavisKeywords.push("condition");
clavisKeywords.push("leader");clavisKeywords.push("New Orleans");clavisKeywords.push("measure");clavisKeywords.push("agency");clavisKeywords.push("media");clavisKeywords.push("post");clavisKeywords.push("system");clavisKeywords.push("challenge");clavisKeywords.push("Bush");clavisKeywords.push("view");clavisKeywords.push("National Guard force");clavisKeywords.push("Guard");clavisKeywords.push("george w bush administration");clavisKeywords.push("federal");clavisKeywords.push("state national guard force");
clavisKeywords.push("one");clavisKeywords.push("company report");clavisKeywords.push("houstonians");clavisKeywords.push("new technology");clavisKeywords.push("facebook");clavisKeywords.push("mapping feature");clavisKeywords.push("New technology");clavisKeywords.push("snapchat");clavisKeywords.push("emergency attention");clavisKeywords.push("course");clavisKeywords.push("phone service");clavisKeywords.push("texas");clavisKeywords.push("busiest time");clavisKeywords.push("business");clavisKeywords.push("Bush FEMA director Michael Brown");
clavisKeywords.push("waterborne");clavisKeywords.push("emergency manager");clavisKeywords.push("bush fema director michael brown");clavisKeywords.push("public-health");clavisKeywords.push("Mr Brown");clavisKeywords.push("mr brown");clavisKeywords.push("sport center");clavisKeywords.push("waterborne disease");clavisKeywords.push("chemical spill");clavisKeywords.push("president trump");clavisKeywords.push("superdome");clavisKeywords.push("public-health threat");clavisKeywords.push("motel room");clavisKeywords.push("Administration");
clavisKeywords.push("telephone line");clavisKeywords.push("Oceanic");clavisKeywords.push("emergency communication");clavisKeywords.push("building code");clavisKeywords.push("atmospheric administration");clavisKeywords.push("recovery proceeds");clavisKeywords.push("trump administration");clavisKeywords.push("national oceanic");clavisKeywords.push("cell tower");clavisKeywords.push("Atmospheric");clavisKeywords.push("Vernon Loeb");clavisKeywords.push("Caryl");clavisKeywords.push("vernon loeb");clavisKeywords.push("Vernon");
clavisKeywords.push("flood insurance");clavisKeywords.push("christian caryl");clavisKeywords.push("jennifer rubin");clavisKeywords.push("Christian Caryl");clavisKeywords.push("lesson american");clavisKeywords.push("problem");clavisKeywords.push("Hurricane Katrina");clavisKeywords.push("job");clavisKeywords.push("mapping");clavisKeywords.push("nation");clavisKeywords.push("thing");clavisKeywords.push("administration");clavisKeywords.push("coast");clavisKeywords.push("George W Bush administration");
clavisKeywords.push("place");clavisKeywords.push("Rubin");clavisKeywords.push("Loeb");clavisKeywords.push("state leader");clavisKeywords.push("Jennifer");clavisKeywords.push("Mexico");clavisKeywords.push("George");clavisKeywords.push("Atmospheric Administration");clavisKeywords.push("Jennifer Rubin");clavisKeywords.push("National Oceanic");clavisKeywords.push("motel");clavisKeywords.push("estimate");clavisKeywords.push("President Trump");clavisKeywords.push("spill");clavisKeywords.push("Trump administration");
clavisKeywords.push("Michael");clavisKeywords.push("part");clavisKeywords.push("tower");clavisKeywords.push("read");clavisKeywords.push("Christian");clavisKeywords.push("proceeds");clavisKeywords.push("way");clavisKeywords.push("chemical");clavisKeywords.push("insurance");clavisKeywords.push("telephone");clavisKeywords.push("President");clavisKeywords.push("Trump");clavisKeywords.push("cell");clavisKeywords.push("code");clavisKeywords.push("climate");clavisKeywords.push("climate change");clavisKeywords.push("feature");
clavisKeywords.push("disease");clavisKeywords.push("communication");clavisKeywords.push("area");clavisKeywords.push("time");clavisKeywords.push("american");clavisKeywords.push("recovery");clavisKeywords.push("lesson");clavisKeywords.push("technology");clavisKeywords.push("sport");clavisKeywords.push("manager");clavisKeywords.push("center");clavisKeywords.push("building");clavisKeywords.push("phone");clavisKeywords.push("attention");clavisKeywords.push("force");clavisKeywords.push("threat");clavisKeywords.push("room");
clavisKeywords.push("service");clavisKeywords.push("director");clavisKeywords.push("change");clavisKeywords.push("line");clavisKeywords.push("report");clavisKeywords.push("company");wp_meta_data.clavis.auxiliaries=clavisAuxs;wp_meta_data.clavis.auxiliary_names=clavisAuxNames;wp_meta_data.clavis.ct=clavisTopicsDFP;wp_meta_data.clavis.topics=clavisTopics;wp_meta_data.clavis.keywords=clavisKeywords.slice(0,25)})()}}catch(e){};</script> </div> <div id="fXk0Xv19t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div id="fhdsa029t0h8Dq" class="pb-async pb-feature"></div> <div class="pb-container"> <div class="moat-trackable pb-f-theme-normal pb-f-dehydrate-false pb-f-async-false col-xs-0 pb-feature pb-layout-item pb-f-bi-abtest" moat-id="bi/abtest|opinions" data-chain-name="no-name" data-feature-name="no-name" data-feature-id="bi/abtest" data-pb-fingerprint="0fCmobXsipc" id="f08z0Nf9t0h8Dq"> <script id="_$wapodarwintoolkitcode">!function(){(function(e,t){function a(e){return function(t,a,n){if(a)e[t]={when:function(){try{return a.call(e[t])}catch(e){return console&&console.warn('[when()@VisitorSegment("'+t+'")]',"Continuing despite error.",e),null}},setup:function(){try{return n.call(e[t])}catch(e){return console&&console.warn('[setup()@VisitorSegment("'+t+'")]',"Continuing despite error.",e),null}}},n&&(e[t]._setupResult=!!e[t].call(e[t]));else if(e[t])return e[t].when.call(e[t],e[t]._setupResult)}}function n(){var e=navigator.userAgent;
return!!(e.match(/Android/i)||e.match(/webOS/i)||e.match(/iPhone/i)||e.match(/iPad/i)||e.match(/iPod/i)||e.match(/BlackBerry/i)||e.match(/Kindle/i)||e.match(/Windows Phone/i)||e.match(/IEMobile/i))}function i(e){var t=localStorage.getItem("_vsData")||"{}";return JSON.parse(t)[e]}function r(e,t){var a=localStorage.getItem("_vsData")||"{}",a=JSON.parse(a);a[e]=t,t=JSON.stringify(a),localStorage.removeItem("_vsData"),localStorage.setItem("_vsData",t)}var o=e._vsdata=e._vsdata||{},s=function(e,t,n){return a(o).call(this,
e,t,n)};s.clone=function(e){var t;if(e)if(null===o||"object"!=typeof o)t=o;else{e=o.constructor();for(t in o)o.hasOwnProperty(t)&&(e[t]=o[t]);t=e}else t=o;return a(t)};var c={};s.resolve=function(e,t){c[e]||(c[e]=[]),setTimeout(function(){c[e].resolved=!0,c[e].argsobj=t;var a,n,i=c[e];for(n=0;i.length,a=i[n];n++)a.fn(t)},0)},s.done=function(e,t){e&&t&&(c[e]||(c[e]=[]),c[e].resolved?t(c[e].argsobj):"function"==typeof t&&c[e].push({fn:t}))},s.Deferred=function(e){this.done=function(t){s.done(e,t)},
this.resolve=function(t){s.resolve(e,t)}},s("desktop",function(){return!n()}),s("!mobile",function(){return!s("mobile")}),s("mobile",function(){return n()}),s("touch",function(){return!!("ontouchstart"in e)}),s("!touch",function(){return!s("touch")}),s("first_visit",function(){var e=i("first_time_start"),t=i("first_time_end");return e&&!t&&18E5<=(new Date).getTime()-(new Date(e)).getTime()?(r("first_time_end",!0),!1):e?!t:(r("first_time_start",(new Date).getTime()),!0)}),e.VisitorSegment=s})(window),
function(e,t,a){function i(e,t){function n(e){this.$dw=i,this.length=0,this._add=function(e,t){var a=t.length;return p.each(e,function(e,n){t[a+e]=n,t.length++}),t},this._add(e,this),this.toArray=function(){var e=[];for(var t in this)this[t]instanceof i.Variant&&e.push(this[t]);return e}}this._id=a,this._config={},this._testData={},this._ignoreBlacklist=a,this._state="uninitialized",this._handlers=[],this._dispatches={},this._id=e||this._id,this._visitor=t||new this.Visitor({},n),f[this._id]=this,
this._handlers=v[this._id]||this._handlers,n.prototype=this.$plugins;var i=this;this._makeResult=function(e){var t=e||[];return t.constructor!==Array&&(t=[t]),new n(t)}}function r(e,t,a,i){var r=[];return p.each(t,function(e,t){var a=t.customOptions,i="";if(a)for(n in a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(i+=[n,a[n]].join("\x3d"));r.push(t.name+i)}),[e,r.sort().join(""),!!a,i].join("")}function o(e,t,a){var n;return p.each(e,function(e,i){if(i[t]==a)return n=i,!1}),n}function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("invalid name");
return e.toLowerCase()}function c(e){return{name:"Dw__"+e,visit:"Dw__"+e+"__visit",blacklisted:"Dw__"+e+"__blstd",compute:"Dw__"+e+"__cmpted",hash:"Dw__"+e+"__hash",phash:"Dw__"+e+"__phash"}}function l(){return Math.random(0,1)}function m(e,t,a){return e>=t&&e<=a}function d(e,t){var a,n={};for(a in e[t])"boolean"==typeof e[t][a]&&(n[a]=!!e[t][a]);return n}function u(t){var a,n,i,r=t||{},o=0,s=[];for(n in r)i=e(n),i=i&&i.constructor==Boolean,i&&s.push(n),r.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(a=a||!!r[n]&&!!i,r[n]&&
o++);return{match:s,value:!(0!==o?!a:1==Object.keys(r).length)}}var p={each:function(e,t){for(var a,n=0;n<e.length&&("boolean"!=typeof(a=t(n,e[n]))||a);n++);},remove:function(e,t){return t>-1&&e.splice(t,1),e},addClass:function(e,t){e.classList.add(t)},removeClass:function(e,t){e.classList.remove(t)}},v={};if(t._dw&&t._dw.constructor===Array){for(var h=0;h<t._dw.length;h++)v[t._dw[h][0]]||(v[t._dw[h][0]]=[]),v[t._dw[h][0]].push(t._dw[h].slice(1,t._dw[h].length));t._dw.$plugins&&(i.prototype.$plugins=
t._dw.$plugins)}var f={};t._dw=i,i.prototype.collections=function(e){if(!e)return this._collections;this._collections=e},i.prototype.init=function(){function e(){t.applyData.call(t,t.collections.call(t)),"initialized"!=t._state&&t.dispatch.call(t,"ready"),t._state="initialized",t.dispatch.call(t,"init")}this.disabled=!this.collections(),this.dispatch("before");var t=this;this.deferSegments()?this.push(["segments-done",e]):e()},i.prototype.config=function(e){this._config.trackValueDelimiter=e.trackValueDelimiter,
this._config.deferSegments=e.deferSegments,this.collections(e.collections||[])},i.prototype.version=function(){return"2.0.0"},i.prototype.id=function(){return this._id},i.prototype.push=function(e){this._dispatches[e[0]]&&e[1]&&e[1](this,this._dispatches[e[0]]?this._dispatches[e[0]].data:a),this._handlers.push(e)},i.prototype.dispatch=function(e,t){var a=this;this._dispatches[e]={ts:(new Date).getTime(),data:t},this._handlers.length&&p.each(this._handlers,function(t,n){n[0]==e&&n[1]&&n[1](a,a._dispatches[e].data)})},
i.prototype.state=function(){return this._state},i.prototype.trackValueDelimiter=function(){return this._config.trackValueDelimiter},i.prototype.deferSegments=function(){return this._config.deferSegments},i.prototype.applyData=function(e){var t;this.disabled||!this._detectLocalStorage()||this._isOptOut()||(t=this._datastore={tests:[]},this._ignoreBlacklist=this._getLocalItem("Dw__ib"),p.each(e||[],function(e,a){"boolean"!=typeof a.disabled||a.disabled||Array.prototype.push.apply(t.tests,a.tests)}),
this.collection(t))},i.prototype.collection=function(e){function t(e){if(!e.name)throw new Error("missing name");var t=new this.Test(e,this);switch(0==Object.keys(t).length&&t.constructor==Object||(this._testData[e.name]=t),t.state){case "registered":this.dispatch("variant-register",e.name);break;case "deregistered":this.dispatch("variant-deregister",e.name);break;case "persisted":this.dispatch("variant-persist",e.name)}return this.dispatch("variant-done",e.name),t}var a,n=this,i=[],r=[];e.disabled||
(a=e.tests||[],p.each(a,function(e,t){t["x-linked"]?i.push(t):r.push(t)}),p.each(i,function(e,a){if(a=t.call(n,a),a.variation&&a.variation.run)return!1}),p.each(r,function(e,a){t.call(n,a)}))},i.prototype.ignoreBlacklist=function(e){e?(this._ignoreBlacklist="yes",this._setLocalItem("Dw__ib","yes")):(this._ignoreBlacklist=a,this._removeLocalItem("Dw__ib"))},i.prototype.optOut=function(){this._setLocalItem("Dw__OO","yes")},i.prototype.getVariant=function(e,t,n){function i(e){var a=!r.disabled&&r._testData[e]||
{},n=a.variation||new r.Variant(a,r);return t||!a.variation||n.historic||(n.historic=!0),n}var r=this;if("."==e[0])return this.$commands[e].call(this);e=e.constructor!==Array?[e]:e;var o=[];return p.each(e,function(e,t){var n=r.getTest(t),s=r._testData[t],c=s&&s.variation?s.variation.historic:a;r._testData[t]=new r.Test(n._originalData,r),r._testData[t].variation&&(r._testData[t].variation.historic=c),o.push(i(t))}),n?o:this._makeResult(o)},i.prototype.use=function(e){this.getVariant(e,!1,!1)},i.prototype.get=
function(e){return this.getVariant(e,!1,!1)},i.prototype.getTestOf=function(e){return e.getTest()},i.prototype.getToolkitOf=function(e){return e.getToolkit()},i.prototype.set=function(e,t){var a=f[this.id()];a&&0==this.find({name:e,run:!0}).length&&(a._mset=a._mset||{},a._mset[e]={},a._mset[e][t]=!0)},i.prototype.$commands={".get_history":function(){return this.find({historic:!0})}},i.prototype.segment=e,i.prototype.find=function(e){var t=this,a=e||{},n=[];return p.each(this.collections(),function(e,
i){p.each(i.tests,function(e,i){var r=0,o=t.getVariant(i.name,!0,!0)[0];for(var s in a)a[s]instanceof RegExp?(a[s].test(i[s])||"string"==typeof o.name&&a[s].test(o[s]))&&r++:(i[s]===a[s]||"string"==typeof o.name&&o[s]===a[s])&&r++;r==Object.keys(a).length&&n.push(o)})}),this._makeResult(n)},i.prototype.clear=function(){delete f[this.id()]._mset;var e=this;p.each(this.collections(),function(t,a){p.each(a.tests,function(t,a){e._deregisterVariant(a.name)})})},i.prototype.$handlers={applyClass:function(e,
t,a){p.removeClass(this,"dw-not-loaded"),p.addClass(this,"dw-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+e)}},i.prototype.applyClass=function(e,t,a){var n=function(e){var t=e.split(".");return{test:t[0],variant:t[1]}}(t),i=this.getVariant(n.test),r=i.is(n.variant);n.test&&n.variant&&(this.$handlers.applyClass.call(e,r,n.test,n.variant),a&&a.call(e,r,n.test,n.variant))},i.prototype.$plugins=i.prototype.$plugins||{},i.prototype.$plugins.add=function(e){return e="string"==typeof e?this.$dw.getVariant(e):e,this.$dw._makeResult(this._add(e,
this)),this},i.prototype.$plugins.is=function(e){function t(e,t){return!!e&&e===t.name}var a=!!this.length;return p.each(this,function(n,i){t(e,i)||(a=!1)}),a},i.prototype.$plugins.clear=function(e){var t=this.$dw;p.each(this,function(e,a){t._deregisterVariant(a.$tc.name)})},i.prototype.$plugins.has=function(e){function t(e,t){return!!e&&e===t.name}var a=!1;return p.each(this,function(n,i){t(e,i)&&(a=!0)}),a},i.prototype.$plugins.toTrackVar=function(e,t,a){function n(e,a){if(a.trackvars){var n=[],
i=e||(a.trackvars[0]?a.trackvars[0].name:"");return p.each(a.trackvars,function(e,t){s(i)===s(t.name)&&n.push(t.value)}),(n=n.join(o))&&(t?t+o:"")+n}}var i=this.$dw,r=[],o=a||i.trackValueDelimiter();return p.each(this,function(t,a){var i=n(e,a);i&&r.push(i)}),r.join(o)},i.prototype.$plugins.getTrackVar=i.prototype.$plugins.toTrackVar,i.prototype._deregisterVariant=function(e){var t=c(e);this._removeLocalItem(t.name),this._removeLocalItem(t.visit),this._removeLocalItem(t.blacklisted),this._removeLocalItem(t.compute),
this._removeLocalItem(t.hash),this._removeLocalItem(t.phash)},i.prototype._detectLocalStorage=function(){var e="_adwi_";try{return this._setLocalItem(e,e),this._removeLocalItem(e),!0}catch(e){return!1}},i.prototype._isOptOut=function(){return"yes"==this._getLocalItem("Dw__OO")},i.prototype._removeLocalItem=function(e){var t=[e,this.id()].join("|");localStorage.removeItem(t)},i.prototype._getLocalItem=function(e){var t=[e,this.id()].join("|");try{return localStorage.getItem(t)}catch(e){return null}},
i.prototype._setLocalItem=function(e,t){var n=[e,this.id()].join("|");this._getLocalItem(n)&&this._removeLocalItem(n);try{return localStorage.setItem(n,t)}catch(e){return a}},i.prototype.getTest=function(e){return this._testData[e]||new this.Test({},this)},i.prototype.visitor=function(){return this._visitor},i.prototype.Visitor=function(e,t){this.has=function(e){function a(e){var t=e instanceof i.prototype.Variant?e.getTest():e||{};return"registered"==t.state||"persisted"==t.state}var n;return t&&
e instanceof t?p.each(e.toArray(),function(e,t){if(!(n=a(t)))return!1}):n=a(e),n}},i.prototype.Variant=function(e,t){var a=e||{};this.nocollect=!a.collect,this.historic=a.historic||!1,this.run=a.run||!1;var n=a.variation||{};this.getTest=function(){return t.getTest(a.name)},this.name=n.name||"",this.trackvars=n.track||[],this.customOptions=n.customOptions||{}},i.prototype.Test=function(e,t){var n=e.name||"",i=c(n),r=e.increment||0,o=e.variations||[],s=e["x-persist"]||!1,l=e.blacklist&&e.blacklist.referrers||
[],m="yes"==t._getLocalItem(i.blacklisted),p={domains:l,segment:d(e,"segment")};this._originalData=e,this.data=function(e,t){if(t==a)return this._originalData[e];this._originalData[e]=t},this.getToolkit=function(){return t};var v=u(p.segment);this.segments=p.segment?v.match:[];var h=!!p.segment&&v.value;m||t._getLocalItem(i.blacklisted)||(m=t._isBlacklisted(p.domains)||!h,t._setLocalItem(i.blacklisted,m?"yes":"no"));var f=!!o.length,_=o.length&&new t.Variant(t._registerVariant(n,o,m,r,h,s),t);this.name=
n,f&&e.active&&!_.nocollect&&(this.variation=_);var y=f&&e.active?e.defaultTrack:[];m&&Array.prototype.push.apply(y,e.blacklist?e.blacklist.track:[]),(y.length&&_.nocollect||!f||!_||!h)&&(this.variation=new t.Variant({name:n,variation:{track:h?y:[]}},t)),f&&_&&h?_&&_.run?this.state="registered":this.state="persisted":(t._deregisterVariant(n),this.state="deregistered")},i.prototype._registerVariant=function(e,t,a,n,i,s){var d=c(e),u={cur:s?r(e,[],!1,n):r(e,t,a,n),old:s?this._getLocalItem(d.phash):
this._getLocalItem(d.hash)},v=this._getLocalItem(d.name),h="yes"==this._getLocalItem(d.visit),_="yes"==this._getLocalItem(d.compute),y=function(e,t){var e=parseFloat(e.customOptions.target),t=parseFloat(t.customOptions.target);return e<t?-1:e>t?1:0},g=f[this.id()],k=o(t,"name",v),b=!(!i||(_||a||"string"==typeof v||k)&&(!_||u.cur==u.old));if(b)if(g._mset&&g._mset[e])p.each(t,function(t,a){g._mset[e][a.name]&&(k=a)});else{t.sort(y);var w=[],L=0,x=0;p.each(t,function(e,t){var a=t.customOptions&&t.customOptions.target;
if(a){a=parseFloat(a)/100,L+=a;var n={value:[x,L]};x+=a,w.push(n)}});var O=l();p.each(w,function(e,t){m(O,t.value[0],t.value[1])&&(v=e)}),k=t[v]}k?this._setLocalItem(d.name,k.name):this._setLocalItem(d.name,"_default"),this._setLocalItem(d.visit,"yes"),this._setLocalItem(d.compute,"yes"),this._setLocalItem(d.hash,u.cur),this._setLocalItem(d.phash,u.cur);var C=k&&(!a||h)&&{name:e,variation:k,collect:!0};return C||(C={name:e}),C.run=b,C},i.prototype._isBlacklisted=function(e){function t(e){return e.replace(/\./g,
"\\.").replace(/\-/g,"\\-")}function a(e){var a=new RegExp("^(http://)?(www\\.)?"+t(e),"gi");return!e&&!document.referrer||(e&&document.referrer.match(a)||[]).length>0}var n,i=e||[];return this._ignoreBlacklist||p.each(i,function(e,t){return!(n=a(t))}),n},e("darwin-toolkit:v2.0.0",function(){return!0}),t._dw.push=function(e){f[e[0]]?(f[e[0]]._dispatches[e[1]]&&e[2]&&e[2](f[e[0]]),f[e[0]]._handlers.push(e.slice(1,e.length))):(v[e[0]]||(v[e[0]]=[]),v[e[0]].push(e.slice(1,e.length)))},t._dw}(VisitorSegment,
this),function(e){var t=new e("global"),a={};a.trackValueDelimiter=",",a.deferSegments=!0,a.collections=[{name:"recommendation",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"recommendation-influencersexperiments",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:2,segment:{},_token:"107657",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"10"},name:"influencers",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:influencers"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:influencers"},
{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"recommendation-influencersexperiments-107657"}]}]},{name:"article",
disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"article-mostReadOpinion",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"e1236d",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion-e1236d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadOpinion-e1236d"}]},{name:"article-oneClickNL",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1",
"x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{"not logged in mobile":!0},_token:"60e020",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"visual",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:visual"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:visual"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"oneClick",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClick"},{name:"prop56",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClick"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"oneClickAlt",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClickAlt"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:oneClickAlt"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-oneClickNL-60e020"}]},{name:"article-breakingnews",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{desktop:!0},_token:"3d7545",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"34"},name:"nobreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:nobreakingnews"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:nobreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},{customOptions:{target:"33"},name:"sectionbreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:sectionbreakingnews"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:sectionbreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"33"},name:"allbreakingnews",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:allbreakingnews"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:allbreakingnews"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-breakingnews-3d7545"}]},{name:"article-mostReadNum",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"c331cb",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"ten",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:ten"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:ten"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-mostReadNum-c331cb"}]},{name:"article-curatedContent",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:1,segment:{},_token:"7d2dac",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledhpfirst",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhpfirst"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhpfirst"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledprfirst",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledprfirst"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledprfirst"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"enabledhponly",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhponly"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:enabledhponly"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,
value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"article-curatedContent-7d2dac"}]}]},{name:"modal",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"modal-adblock_v1",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:6,segment:{adblock_generic:!0},_token:"61f727",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"95"},name:"enabled",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:enabled"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:enabled"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v1-61f727"}]},{name:"modal-adblock_v2",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"1",increment:0,segment:{adblock_generic:!0},_token:"275edf",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var1",
track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var1"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var1"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var2",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var2"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var2"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},
{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"var3",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var3"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:var3"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]},{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"controlvar",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:controlvar"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:controlvar"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},
{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"modal-adblock_v2-275edf"}]}]},{name:"video",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"video-adtimeout",active:!1,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:3,segment:{},_token:"397458",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"10"},
name:"8s",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:8s"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:8s"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"video-adtimeout-397458"}]}]},{name:"upgrade",
disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"upgrade-teaser",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:2,segment:{},_token:"b68e2b",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser-b68e2b"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-teaser-b68e2b"}]},{name:"upgrade-toolkit_v110",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},
_token:"fe334d",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"variant_1",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:variant_1"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:variant_1"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,
value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-toolkit_v110-fe334d"}]},{name:"upgrade-remindmelater",active:!0,"x-persist":!1,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:1,segment:{},_token:"6270be",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"100"},name:"remindmelater",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:remindmelater"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:remindmelater"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"},{name:"prop56",
dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"upgrade-remindmelater-6270be"}]}]},{name:"nav",disabled:!1,tests:[{name:"nav-homeLink",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{desktop:!0},_token:"51c40b",variations:[],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink-51c40b"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-homeLink-51c40b"}]},{name:"nav-notiJewel",active:!0,"x-persist":!0,"x-status":"1","x-linked":"0",increment:0,segment:{},_token:"4e2542",variations:[{customOptions:{target:"25"},name:"jewel",track:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:jewel"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:jewel"},{name:"list1",
dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"}]}],defaultTrack:[{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:default"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel:default"},{name:"list1",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"},{name:"prop56",dynamic:!1,value:"nav-notiJewel-4e2542"}]}]}],t.config(a),this.__dwCallback__?this.__dwCallback__(t):t.init()}(this._dw)}();</script> </div> </div></section> <div class="pb-container"> </div></div> <script>ResourceBundle.when("pb-r-identity").then(function(){window.TWP&&TWP.Analytics&&TWP.Analytics.init({trackScrolling:{omniture:false},snowflake:true,suppressTrackPageLoad:!wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated()?true:false})});</script> <noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005617&cv=2.0&cj=1"/></noscript> <noscript><img src="//me.effectivemeasure.net/em_image" alt="" style="position:absolute; left:-5px;"/></noscript> <script>document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/load_async/8a2dfd536e.js?_\x3d5b7df");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/headjs/8bb9d8351d.js?_\x3d69d73");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/head.js?_\x3d733cf");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/hi-pri-js/e7f066f51e.js?_\x3d3b73d");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/hi-pri-render.js?_\x3d733cf");
pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/js/23cef797d0.js?_\x3dc0d52");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/render.js?_\x3d733cf");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/p/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/instance.js?_\x3d733cf");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/after_features/7dfb557743.js?_\x3dafb63");pbDeferredScripts.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/utils/setRplamprCookie.js");pbDeferredScripts.push("/pb/gr/ro/default-article/rDHI4319t0h8Dq/after_features/96e0186d35.js?_\x3dafb63");
wp_import(pbDeferredScripts).always(function(){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pb-r-defer-js"))})});</script> <script>(function(){if("__twpCookieMonster__"in document)document.__twpCookieMonster__.ommNom()})();</script> <script>ResourceBundle.processInlineScripts();</script> <script>window.pbThirdPartyScripts=window.pbThirdPartyScripts||new Array;</script> <script>window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){});
window.addEventListener("load",function(){function applyTwitter(){try{var $tweetAuthors=$(".tweet-authors");var $tweetTimelines=$(".twitter-timeline");if((!!$tweetAuthors.length||!!$tweetTimelines.length)&&(!window.twttr||!twttr.widgets))$.ajax({dataType:"script",cache:true,url:"//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js",success:function(data){if(!!$tweetAuthors.length)$tweetAuthors.find(".pb-twitter-follow.unprocessed").removeClass("unprocessed")}})}catch(e){}}if(wp_pb.StaticMethods.isPageHydrated())applyTwitter();
__e.push(["shamble:end",function(){applyTwitter()}]);try{$("body").append('\x3cimg src\x3d"https://amplifypixel.outbrain.com/pixel?mid\x3d00bb70a80ee8f020d9011cbcef307fe64d"\x3e')}catch(e){}wp_import(pbThirdPartyScripts).always(function(){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pb-r-third-party-js"))});!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version="2.0";n.queue=[];
t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,"script","https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js");fbq("init","1063176057035408");fbq("track","PageView")});</script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=307315456358341&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript> <script>window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded=window.pbExternalResourcesLoaded||new Array;window.pbFootResourceGroups=window.pbFootResourceGroups||new Array;pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"hi-pri-js","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/default-hi-pri.js?_\x3d3b73d");pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"hi-pri-render.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"js","fileType":"js"});
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/iabc/iabc-cookie.js?_\x3dd47ff");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/service-worker-registration.js?_\x3d8fdcf");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/condition-manager.min.js?_\x3db59fb");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/conditions.js?_\x3ddc047");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/moment.min.js?_\x3db8874");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/inline-content.js?_\x3df60bb");
pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"render.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"pageResources","name":"instance.js","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"after_features","fileType":"js"});pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/default-after-features.js?_\x3da3d2d");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/private-browsing.js?_\x3d84392");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/utils/setRplamprCookie.js");
pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/article-layout-after-features.js?_\x3db126f");pbExternalResourcesLoaded.push("/pb/resources/js/abtests/segments.js?_\x3d9d2a3");pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"content_type_article","fileType":"js"});pbFootResourceGroups.push({"resourceType":"externalResources","name":"third_party","fileType":"js"});</script> </body> </html><script>
  var _uri = "/opinions/fema-avoids-disaster-in-houston--so-far/2017/08/31/f8f709d0-8dc3-11e7-8df5-c2e5cf46c1e2_story.html"
  var _context = "/pb"
  var _outputType = "default-article"
  var _rid = "rDHI4319t0h8Dq"
  //polyfill
String.prototype.endsWith||Object.defineProperty(String.prototype,"endsWith",{value:function(t,e){var n=this.toString();(void 0===e||e>n.length)&&(e=n.length),e-=t.length;var r=n.indexOf(t,e);return-1!==r&&r===e}});
/* Async loader code here */
window.pageBuilder = window.pageBuilder || {};

window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded =  window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded || function(){};
window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded = window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded || function(chain,apiResponse){
        var d = window.document;
        for (var i = 0; i < apiResponse.featureIds.length; i++) {
            var f = d.getElementById(apiResponse.featureIds[i]);
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(f);
        }
    };
window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature = window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature || function (element) {
        if(!element.parentElement) return false;
        var parent = element.parentElement;
        if (parent.className && parent.className.split(' ').indexOf("pb-feature")>=0) return true;
        return window.pageBuilder._isNestedFeature(parent);
    };
window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts = window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts || function(s){eval(s)};

window.pageBuilder._getJson = window.pageBuilder._getJson || function(url, success, failure) {
    var xmlhttp;
    failure = failure|| function () {};
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else {
        xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4) {
            if(xmlhttp.status == 200){
                try {
                    success.call(null, JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText));
                } catch (e) {
                    failure.call(null, xmlhttp, e)
                }
            } else  {
                failure.call(null, xmlhttp);
            }
        }
    };
    xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true);
    xmlhttp.send();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeature || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectFeatureDom(id, featureRendering) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = featureRendering.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = featureRendering.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/feature/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectFeatureDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain || function (id) {
        var d = window.document;
        function injectChainDom(id, apiResponse) {
            var element = d.getElementById(id);
            var resources = apiResponse.pageResources || {};
            element.outerHTML = apiResponse.rendering;
            element = d.getElementById(id); //update the element
            var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
            for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                    var s = d.createElement("script");
                    s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                    d.body.appendChild(s);
                }
                else {
                    window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                }
            }
            for(var file in resources) {
                if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                    var s1 = d.createElement("script");
                    s1.setAttribute("src", resources[file]);
                    d.body.appendChild(s1);
                }
            }
            window.pageBuilder.chainLoaded(element,apiResponse);
        }
        var url = _context + "/api/v2/render/chain/"+id+"?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
        window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(obj) { injectChainDom(id, obj); });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var scriptsToAdd = [];
        var featuresLoaded = [];
        function injectAsyncFeatures(apiResp){
            for(var fid in apiResp){
                if (!apiResp.hasOwnProperty(fid)) continue;

                var element = d.getElementById(fid);
                var resources = apiResp[fid].pageResources || {};
                element.outerHTML = apiResp[fid].rendering;
                element = d.getElementById(fid); //update the element
                var scripts = Array.prototype.slice.call(element.getElementsByTagName("script"));
                for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; i++) {
                    if (scripts[i].src != "") {
                        var s = d.createElement("script");
                        s.setAttribute("src", scripts[i].src);
                        d.body.appendChild(s);
                    }
                    else {
                        window.pageBuilder._executeAsyncFeatureScripts(scripts[i].innerHTML); //eval isn't evil always.
                    }
                }
                for(var file in resources) {
                    if(resources.hasOwnProperty(file) && file.endsWith(".js")) {
                        resources[file].forEach(function(src){
                            if (scriptsToAdd.indexOf(src) === -1) { scriptsToAdd.push(src) }
                        });
                    }
                }
                featuresLoaded.push(element);
            }
            scriptsToAdd.forEach(function (src) {
                var s = d.createElement("script");
                s.setAttribute("src", src);
                d.body.appendChild(s);
            });
            featuresLoaded.forEach(function(element){
                window.pageBuilder.featureLoaded(element);
            });
        }
    var url = _context + "/api/v2/async/features?rid="+_rid+"&contentUri="+_uri;
    window.pageBuilder._getJson(url, function(resp) { injectAsyncFeatures(resp)});
};
window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains = window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains || function () {
        var d = window.document;
        var chains = d.getElementsByClassName("pb-async pb-chain");
        var ids = [].slice.call(chains).map(function (node) { return node.id; });
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
            window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChain(id);
        });
    };

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync = window.pageBuilder.loadAsync || function(){
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncFeatures();
        window.pageBuilder.loadAsyncChains();
};

window.pageBuilder.loadAsync();

</script>