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    <title>Hurricane Irma likely to be followed by more extreme weather events so we should prepare for horror of global warming now, say experts | The Independent</title>
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    <h1 itemprop="headline" class=" ">Hurricane Irma likely to be followed by more extreme weather events so we should prepare for horror of global warming now, say experts</h1>

    
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                          <li title="7 September 2017 09:35 London"><time data-microtimes='{"published":"1504773300000","display":0,"changed":"1504773300000"}' datetime="Thu, 09/07/2017 - 09:35">Thursday 7 September 2017 09:35 BST</time></li>
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        Satellite footage shows Hurricane Katia lining up behind Jose and Irma      </figcaption>
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        <p>The world is going to be hit by <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/irma-climate-change-what-cause-hurricane-global-warming-caribbean-florida-a7933721.html">more horrifying weather events like the hurricanes Irma and Harvey</a>. And it isn't at all ready.</p>

<p>Countries across the globe need to start planning their response to such events or they are at risk of only allowing rich people to survive them, experts have warned. <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/irma-climate-change-what-cause-hurricane-global-warming-caribbean-florida-a7933721.html">Global warming is likely to trigger a run of extreme weather events, they say, and like the recent hurricanes they may unfairly hit the poor</a>.</p>

<p>At the moment, such events are rare – but with time, such cyclones are going to occur less often but with far more intensity. The fact that we have seen two such extraordinary events in one week should be a sign of what is coming, they said.</p>

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        <h2 class="gallery-title"><span class="media-prefix icon-gallery"></span>Hurricane Irma – in pictures</h2>
        <div class="images">
      <ul><li data-gallery-item="1" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/10/16/an130020177recently-planted.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="2" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/10/16/an130022293fort-lauderdale-.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
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                  <li data-gallery-item="4" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/10/16/an130017581waves-crash-over.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="5" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/10/16/an130017219boats-are-seen-a.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="6" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129889126miami-fl-septe.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="7" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129905610epa06194187-a-tr.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="8" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129903727miami-beach-fl-.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="9" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129900437flamingos-at-zoo.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="10" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129907586james-constantin-0.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="11" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/09/16/an129882743topshot-the-fo.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="12" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/08/11/hurricane-irma-6.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="13" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/08/11/hurricane-irma-4.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="14" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/08/11/hurricane-irma-5.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="15" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/08/11/hurricane-irma-2.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="16" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/13/irma-20.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="17" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/11/barbuda-7.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="18" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/17/irma-23.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="19" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/17/irma-21.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="20" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/17/irma-22.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="21" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-15.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="22" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-16.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="23" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-13.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="24" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-17.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="25" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-18.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="26" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-19.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="27" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/08/11/hurricane-irma-3.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="28" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/07/10/irma-14.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="29" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/15/irma-7.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="30" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/16/irma-8.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="31" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/13/irma-2.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="32" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/14/irma-4.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="33" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/14/irma-5.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="34" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/13/irma-1.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="35" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/13/irma-3.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="36" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/15/irma-6.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="37" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/17/irma-9.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="38" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/17/irma-10.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="39" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/17/irma-11.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="40" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/17/irma-12.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="41" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="42" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma-1.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="43" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma-2.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="44" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma-3.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="45" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma-4.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
                  <li data-gallery-item="46" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/story_large/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/10/hurricane-irma-5.jpg" style="background-image: url('/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/ines_theme/img/blank.gif');" class=""></li>
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    <ul class="legends"><li data-gallery-legend="1">
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                <p>Recently planted palm trees lie strewn across the road as Hurricane Irma passes by in Miami Beach, Fla. 10 September 2017.</p>
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                <p class="credits">AP</p>
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                <p>Large waves produced by Hurricane Irma crash into the end of Anglins Fishing Pier in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The category 4 hurricane made landfall in the United States in the Florida Keys at 9:10 a.m. after raking across the north coast of Cuba. 10 September 2017</p>
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                <p class="credits">Getty Images</p>
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                <p>A Royal Air Force Puma has been delivered to the US Virgin Islands to assist with the humanitarian efforts post Hurricane Irma. The Puma will be delivering Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief in support of the Department for International Development.&#13;
Royal Air Force logisticians from RAF Brize Norton have assisted with the delivery of military personnel and aid cargo to the Caribbean to support disaster relief in the wake of Hurricane Irma. RAF aircraft including, C-17 A400M and Voyager are supporting a Joint Task Force of RAF, Royal Marines, Army and RN personnel who are supporting the Department for International Development as it delivers aid to stricken Caribbean Islands.</p>
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                <p class="credits">MoD</p>
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                <p>Waves crash over a seawall at the mouth of the Miami River from Biscayne Bay, Fla., as Hurricane Irma passes by. 10 September 2017</p>
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                <p class="credits">AP</p>
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                <p>Boats are seen at a marina in South Beach as Hurricane Irma arrives at south Florida, in Miami Beach, Florida, U.S. 10 September 2017</p>
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                <p class="credits">Reuters</p>
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                <p>The skyline is seen as the outerbands of Hurricane Irma start to reach Florida on 9 September 2017 in Miami, Florida. Florida is in the path of the Hurricane which may come ashore at category 4.  </p>
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                <p class="credits">Getty Images</p>
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                <p>A tree toped by hurricane Irma is seen on a empty street in Remedios, Cuba, 9 September 2017. Hurricane Irma reached Cuba bringing winds between 160 and 190 kilometers per hour. The hurricane has hit the north coast of the island.</p>
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                <p class="credits">EPA</p>
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                <p>Storm clouds are seen over Fisher Island as Hurricane Irma approaches on 9 September 2017 in Miami Beach, Florida. Florida is in the path of the Hurricane which may come ashore at  category 4</p>
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                <p class="credits">Getty Images</p>
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                <p>Flamingos at Zoo Miami, are shown in a temporary enclosure in a hurricane resistant structure within the zoo, Saturday, 9 September 2017 in Miami. Though most animals will reman in their secure structures, the cheetahs and some birds will ride out the storm in temporary housing.</p>
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                <p class="credits">AP</p>
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                <p>James Constantineau loads sands bags in his truck as he prepares for the approach of Hurricane Irma Saturday, 9 September 2017, in East Palatka, Fla. Gov. Rick Scott is urging anyone living in an evacuation zone in southwest Florida to leave by noon as the threat of Hurricane Irma has shifted west.</p>
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                <p class="credits">AP</p>
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                <p>The Fort Louis Marina in Marigot is seen on 8 September 2017 in Saint-Martin island, devastated by Hurricane Irma.  </p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP</p>
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                <p>The wreckage in Orient Bay on the island of Saint-Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP/Getty</p>
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                <p>Damage outside the Mercure hotel in Marigot, on the Bay of Nettle, on the island of Saint-Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP/Getty Images</p>
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                <p>Destruction in Orient Bay on the island of Saint-Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP/Getty</p>
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                <p>Some of the damage on Saint Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">EPA/Gerben Van Es/Dutch Department of Defence</p>
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                <p>View of the aftermath of Hurricane Irma on Saint Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">Reuters</p>
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                <p>A mobile network tower snapped in two by the hurricane on the island of Barbuda</p>
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                <p class="credits">ABS TV</p>
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                <p>A house reduced to rubble on the island of Saint Barthelemy</p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP/Getty Images</p>
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                <p>General view of damage on Saint Martin</p>
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                <p class="credits">Reuters</p>
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                <p>A damaged Casino Royale on Saint Martin after the passage of Hurricane Irma</p>
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                <p class="credits">Anna Mazur/AFP</p>
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                <p>An aerial photograph taken and released by the Dutch department of Defense shows the damage of Hurricane Irma in Philipsburg, Sint Maarten, the Dutch section of the Caribbean Island</p>
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                <p class="credits">Gerben Van Es/AFP</p>
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                <p>Flooded houses in Gustavia on the island of Saint-Barthelemy</p>
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                <p class="credits">Kevin Barrallon/AFP</p>
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                <p>The damage on the island of Saint-Martin, a day after Hurricane Irma hit</p>
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                <p class="credits">AFP/Getty Images</p>
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                <p>People pick up debris in Fajardo as Hurricane Irma howled past Puerto Rico after thrashing several smaller Caribbean islands</p>
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                <p class="credits">Reuters/Alvin Baez</p>
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                <p>A man carrying an umbrella is battered by the wind in Fajardo, Puerto Rico</p>
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                <p class="credits">Reuters/Alvin Baez</p>
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                <p>A lone police car on patrol during the passing of Hurricane Irma in Fajardo, Puerto Rico</p>
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                <p class="credits">Jose Jimenez/Getty Images</p>
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                <p>Haitian people walk through the wind and rain on a beach in Cap-Haitien on September 7 as Hurricane Irma approaches</p>
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                <p class="credits">Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty Images</p>
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<p>“The American hurricanes, Typhoon Hato and extreme monsoon floods in South-East Asia have demonstrated within one month just how puny humankind’s infrastructure is in the face of such hazards," said Mike Lockwood from the Department of Meteorology at the University of Reading. "The precautionary principle must be applied – otherwise we could face the prospect of events that we have characterised as one-in-50-years or even rarer becoming the new normal and that will cost us dearly, in terms of money and resources and, most importantly, human suffering.”</p>

<p>We should take lessons from the way that we have responded to the recent events and prepare for more, say climate and weather experts. Though there'll actually be fewer cyclones of this kind in the future, they'll be far more intense, according to climate predictions.</p>

<div class="inline-block inline-block-related-single inline-block-left" data-nid="/environment/irma-climate-change-what-cause-hurricane-global-warming-caribbean-florida-a7933721.html"><a href="/environment/irma-climate-change-what-cause-hurricane-global-warming-caribbean-florida-a7933721.html"><img src="http://www.independent.co.uk/s3/files/styles/readmore_card/public/thumbnails/image/2017/09/06/17/irma.jpg" /><div class="capsules">
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<p>“These events also offer wider lessons on how prepared we are for a warmer future," said Dann Mitchell, NERC Research Fellow at the University of Bristol’s Cabot Institute. "It is likely that rainfall events, in general, will become more extreme, as will heat waves and droughts.</p>

<p>"So events like Irma and Harvey also help us understand if we are prepared for them and who will be most affected. Increasingly, the evidence is clear that the poorest, being the most exposed to many climate risks and often being the least protected, will be most affected.  Addressing this inequality is at the heart of not just the climate change discussion but all discussions about how we become resilient to risk and hazards.”</p>

<p>Jeffrey Kargel, from the Department of Hydrology &amp; Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona, urged governments to question their denial of climate change and get to work making their countries resilient enough to be able to deal with such extreme weather events.</p>

<p>“I have one thing to ask the American government and all other climate change denying politicians around the world: have you wondered at all about climate change, hurricanes, glacier melting, ocean warming and sea level rise in connection with the safety of places near and dear to you, such as the Mar-a-Lago Resort? It is time that you start worrying about that," he said. "And while you are at it, please have some concern about the rest of the U.S. and the world.</p>

<p>“Put most simply, Planet Earth's climate is in upheaval and we know exactly what is causing it: right now, the rapid pace of climate change is set by government policies in the U.S. and many other countries. We cannot turn it around in a few years or even in a decade.  But we can worsen it in a few years or a decade.”</p>

<p>Some of that preparation must be about asking the companies that can be blamed for the events to pay for them, according to Myles Allen, Professor of Geosystem Science at the University of Oxford.</p>

<p>“As yet another hurricane barrels into the Caribbean, with extreme precipitation and the impacts of storm surges both exacerbated by past greenhouse gas emissions, we must begin to ask ‘how long can we expect taxpayers and those in the path of the storms to foot the entire bill for the impacts of climate change?'," Professor Allen said.</p>

<p>“In a paper published today in the journal Climatic Change, we show that nearly 30% of global sea level rise from 1880 to 2010 can be traced to products sold by just 90 large corporations. We need to start a conversation about whether it makes sense to exempt companies selling products that cause greenhouse gas emissions from all liability for the consequences of their use. As we found in 2008, giving companies unlimited license to make private profits while society underwrites the risk ends badly for everyone.”</p>
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