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<article id="post-15358" class="post-15358 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-feature tag-american-heritage-dictionary tag-collocation tag-english tag-etymology tag-french tag-hurricane tag-hurricane-harvey tag-indo-european tag-language tag-latin tag-proto-indo-european tag-tocharian tag-torrential tag-torrential-rain tag-word-histories tag-word-origins">
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		<h1 class="entry-title">&#8220;Torrential&#8221;: a cruelly ironic&nbsp;etymology</h1>
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			<span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on </span><a href="https://mashedradish.com/2017/08/29/torrential-a-cruelly-ironic-etymology/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2017-08-29T08:00:56+00:00">August 29, 2017</time><time class="updated" datetime="2017-08-28T22:15:26+00:00">August 28, 2017</time></a></span><span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://mashedradish.com/category/feature/" rel="category tag">Feature</a></span>		</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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		<p class="p1"><span class="s1">There’s only one way to describe the rain deluging Houston, Texas in the wake of <a href="https://mashedradish.com/2015/09/01/hurricane/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hurricane</a> Harvey this week: <i>torrential</i>. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/27/catastrophic-flooding-underway-in-houston-as-harvey-lingers-over-texas/?utm_term=.f43be56747c5"><span class="s2">Nearly thirty inches</span></a> have already fallen over parts of the city as of Monday night, and 20 more inches are still expected. </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The frequent co-occurrence of these two words, <i>torrential</i> and <i>rain</i>, is called <i>collocation</i> by linguists, and we’ve seen it before in my post on <i><a href="https://mashedradish.com/2015/06/02/rampant/">rampant</a></i>, which is so often coupled with <i>corruption</i>. We’re also seeing collocation at work in Houston’s <i>catastrophic flooding.</i></span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">But how about the word <i>torrential</i> itself? Where does it come from?</span></p>
<figure data-shortcode="caption" id="attachment_15360" style="max-width: 1920px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img data-attachment-id="15360" data-permalink="https://mashedradish.com/2017/08/29/torrential-a-cruelly-ironic-etymology/torrent-87_1920/" data-orig-file="https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=702" data-orig-size="1920,1440" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}" data-image-title="torrent-87_1920" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=702?w=300" data-large-file="https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=702?w=702" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-15360" src="https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=702" alt="torrent-87_1920.jpg" srcset="https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=702 702w, https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=1404 1404w, https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=150 150w, https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=300 300w, https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=768 768w, https://mashedradish.files.wordpress.com/2017/08/torrent-87_1920.jpg?w=1024 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px"   /><figcaption class="wp-caption-text"><em>Torrential</em> is like a torrent, originally said of streams. (<a href="https://pixabay.com/en/torrent-white-water-force-nature-87/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pixabay</a>)</figcaption></figure>
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<h3><span style="color:#ff00af;">Running dry?</span></h3>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><i>Torrential</i>, first recorded in 1849, is of the nature of a <i>torrent</i>, originally a “strong and rapid stream” in the early 1500s, especially a stream that is at times dry and other times flooded with water. English borrowed <i>torrent</i> from the French, which also took the form <i>torrent.</i> The French in turn derives from the Latin <i>torrens</i>, meaning a “burning.” </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Yes, the root of <i>torrent</i> is the very opposite of torrential rain. </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">The Latin verb <i>torrere, </i>“to parch” or “scorch,” provides <i>torrens. </i>It<i> </i>first denoted a “boiling” or “burning” and then, thanks to the force of such action, extended to a “rushing” or “roaring”</span><span class="s1">—</span><span class="s1">applied to water. <i>Torrere </i>also yielded the adjective <i>torridus</i>, “dried up,”<span class="Apple-converted-space">  </span>hence <i>torrid</i>, another collocated English word, i.e., <i>torrid love affair</i>.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">But etymology isn’t finished with its cruel irony. Latin’s <i>torrere</i>, according to Proto-Indo-European scholars, is rooted in <i>*ters-, </i>“to dry.” This root is responsible for <i>terrain</i>, which literally means “dry land.” The <i>American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots </i>again provides a fascinating note worth quoting at length:</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Etymologically, <i>terrain</i> is simply “dry land.” Already in Indo-European times, the root for “dry,” <b>ters-</b>, was used as a standard epithet for land or ground. A suffixed noun form of this root, *<i>ters-a</i>, became <i>terra </i>in Latin, “land,” the source of English <i>terrain</i>, <i>territory</i>, and other such words. In this way, a word that started out as the word for “dry” in the phrase “dry land” became the word for “land” itself—an example of what linguists call a “transferred epithet.” A similar example from a much less familiar language is provided by the Tocharian words for “land,” <i>yapoy </i>in Tocharian B and <i>ype </i>in Tocharian A. These are descended from the Indo-European word *<i>yewos</i>, “grain,” as used in the phrase “grain-giving earth.”</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">We don’t have to understand Tocharian A or B (extinct Indo-European languages once spoken in Central Asia and northwest China) to appreciate the incredible sense development we see in a word like <i>torrential</i>, coming all the way from an ancient root for “dry” to its use today for so, so much rain.<span class="Apple-converted-space">     </span></span></p>
<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Of course, <i>torrential</i> itself has evolved in English to describe something that resembles a torrent in its swiftness and power— like the <i>torrential</i> outpouring of relief and rescue we&#8217;re already seeing for people in Houston trying to find dry land. </span></p>
<h3><span style="color:#ff00af;">m ∫ r ∫</span></h3>
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			2 thoughts on &ldquo;<span>&#8220;Torrential&#8221;: a cruelly ironic&nbsp;etymology</span>&rdquo;		</h2>

		
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								August 29, 2017 at 2:03 pm							</time>
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					<p>I am away from Houston and can&#8217;t begin to fathom the devastation from this torrential storm. I&#8217;m more than grateful that our house is still dry.</p>
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								September 1, 2017 at 6:47 pm							</time>
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					<p>Very, very interesting.</p>
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