<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
  
      <!-- Chartbeat top START -->
        <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script>
      <!-- Chartbeat top END -->
    

  <script type="text/javascript">
  if(typeof String.prototype.trim !== 'function') {
    String.prototype.trim = function() {
      return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
    }
  }

  function hasCookie(cname) {
    var name = cname + "=";
    var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
    for(var i=0; i<ca.length; i++) {
      var c = ca[i].trim();
      if (c.indexOf(name)==0) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  function deleteCookie(cname) {
    //set to a past expiration to delete cookie
    setCookie(cname, "delete", -2);
  }

  function setCookie(cname,cvalue,exdays) {
    if (typeof exdays != "undefined") {
      var d = new Date();
      d.setTime(exdays);
      var expires = "expires="+d.toGMTString();
      document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires + "; path=/";
    } else {
      document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; path=/";
    }
  }

  function getCookie(cname) {
      var name = cname + "=";
      var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
      for(var i=0; i<ca.length; i++) {
          var c = ca[i];
          while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1);
          if (c.indexOf(name) != -1) return c.substring(name.length,c.length);
      }
      return "";
  }
</script>

  <script type="text/javascript">
    
    var GEMG = GEMG || {};
    GEMG.CDN_URL = 'https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/';
    GEMG.NON_CDN_STATIC_URL = '/static/a/';
</script>

  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />

  <script type="text/javascript">

  var Govexec = Govexec || {};
  Govexec.ie_lte_8 = (function(){
    var div = document.createElement('div');
    div.innerHTML = '<!--[if lte IE 8]><i></i><![endif]-->';
    return div.getElementsByTagName('i').length > 0;
  })();

  /**
   * This function finds the viewport size with scrollbar included.
   * This matches the behavior of the media queries being used.
   */
  function viewport() {
      var e = window, a = 'inner';
      if (!('innerWidth' in window )) {
          a = 'client';
          e = document.documentElement || document.body;
      }
      return { width : e[ a+'Width' ] , height : e[ a+'Height' ] };
  }
  Govexec.get_format = function(){
    var w;

    if (Govexec.ie_lte_8) {
      return "desktop";
    }

    w = viewport().width;
    if (w > 1024)
    {
        return "desktop";
    }
    else if (w > 720)
    {
        return "tablet";
    }
    else
    {
        return "mobile";
    }
  }
  window.previous_viewport = Govexec.get_format();
</script>

  
    <script type="text/javascript">
      (function() {
        var currentDate, eod, host_tmp;
        var isFb = navigator.userAgent.match(/facebookexternalhit/i) !== null;
        
          var suppressWelcomeAd = false;
        

        if (isFb || hasCookie("welcomeAdViewed"))	{
          return;
        }

        setCookie("cookiesEnabled", "1");
        if (!hasCookie("cookiesEnabled"))	{
          return;
        }
        deleteCookie("cookiesEnabled");

        currentDate = new Date();
        eod = new Date(currentDate.getFullYear(), currentDate.getMonth(), currentDate.getDate(), 23, 59, 0, 0);
        setCookie("welcomeAdViewed", "1", Math.round((eod.getTime())));

        if (!suppressWelcomeAd && (Govexec.get_format() === "desktop")) {
          // Set cookie with referrer for Omniture script to use
          if (document.referrer === "") {
            setCookie("referrer:" + window.location, "Typed/Bookmarked");
          }
          else {
            // trick for getting the hostname
            host_tmp = document.createElement("a");
            host_tmp.href = document.referrer;

            setCookie("referrer:" + window.location, host_tmp.hostname);
          }
          window.location = 'https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/defenseone/interstitial.html?v=8.5.0&rf=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location);
        }
      })();
    </script>
  

  <script type="text/javascript" src="//use.typekit.net/kbf6vuq.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script>

  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge;chrome=1" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />

  <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=758349913, app-argument=http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/">

  <meta property="fb:pages" content="145473812290416"/>
  <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/DefenseOne" />
  <meta property="fb:admins" content="1563600116" />
  <meta property="og:site_name" content="Defense One" />

  <title>Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force - Defense One</title>

  

  
    
        <link rel="canonical" href="https://qz.com/1075935/swarmed-with-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-in-the-us-air-force/" />
    


  <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.9.0/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>

  
  
    <meta name="pubdate" content="2017-09-14T09:00:00+00:00"/>
  

  <meta property="og:type" content="article" />
  <meta property="og:title" content="Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force" />
  <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/" />
  <meta property="og:description" content="The Air Force is spraying a controversial insecticide across 6 million acres to kill mosquitoes brought in by Hurricane Harvey." />
  <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj/open-graph.jpg" />

  
  <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Air Force is spraying a controversial insecticide across 6 million acres to kill mosquitoes brought in by Hurricane Harvey.">
  
  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj/open-graph.jpg">
  
  <meta name="twitter:title" content="Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force">
  
  <meta name="twitter:site" content="@defenseone">
  
  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
  

  <div id="fb-root"></div>
  <script>(function(d, s, id) {
    var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
    if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
    js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
    js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&appId=696264563763622&version=v2.0";
    fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
  }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
    <link media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/social_tools/css/social_tools.css?v=8.5.0" />
    <link media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/social_tools/css/social_tools_small_logo.css?v=8.5.0" />



  <meta name="description" content="The Air Force is spraying a controversial insecticide across 6 million acres to kill mosquitoes brought in by Hurricane Harvey." />
  
  
<meta name="sailthru.author" content="Zoë  Schlanger"/>
<meta name="sailthru.date" content="2017-09-14T09:00:00Z"/>
<meta name="sailthru.description" content="The Air Force is spraying a controversial insecticide across 6 million acres to kill mosquitoes brought in by Hurricane Harvey."/>
<meta name="sailthru.title" content="Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force"/>
<meta name="sailthru.tags" content="channel-threats,type-story,length-medium,site-defenseone"/>
<meta name="sailthru.images.full" content="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj.jpg"/>
<meta name="sailthru.images.thumb" content="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj/sailthru-thumbnail.jpg"/>
  

  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Defense One" href="http://www.defenseone.com/rss/all/" />

  
<script type="text/javascript">
  var googletag = googletag || {};
  googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
  (function() {
    var gads = document.createElement("script");
    gads.async = true;
    gads.type = "text/javascript";
    var useSSL = "https:" == document.location.protocol;
    gads.src = (useSSL ? "https:" : "http:") + "//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js";
    var node =document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
    node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node);
  })();

  var GEMG = GEMG || {};
  (function(){
    GEMG.GPT = {
      ad_unit: '/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958',
      base_ad_unit: '/617/defenseone.com',
      targeting: {
        page: {
          
          'topics': ['air-force','homeland'],
          
          'post_id': ['140958'],
          
          'primary_category': ['threats'],
          
          'referring_domain': ['Typed/Bookmarked']
          
        },
        slot: {}
      }
    };
  })();
</script>


  <script type="text/javascript">
  var GEMG = GEMG || {};
  GEMG.OmnitureConfig = {"internalDomains": "www.defenseone.com", "account": "atlanticDefenseOne2013Prod", "trackingServer": "metrics.govexec.com", "site": "www.defenseone.com"};
  </script>

  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/js/dae8d4dc1c45.js"></script>

  <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:300,400,700|Roboto:300,400,400italic,700,700italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-806486705cc8.css" type="text/css" media="all" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-57f2d22fc624.css" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-57f2d22fc624.css" type="text/css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-4bf1f5cc94cc.css" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-width: 721px) and (max-width: 1024px)" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-4ca0306c2550.css" type="text/css" media="all" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-b48f64698785.css" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-width: 1025px)" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-714e229b1031.css" type="text/css" media="all" />
  <!--[if lt IE 9]>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/defenseone/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/compressed/jinja/css/defenseone-c33ace708af0.css" type="text/css" />
		<script type="text/javascript">
			$('#slides').hide();
			$('#slides2').show();
		</script>
		<![endif]-->
  <!--link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (max-device-width: 480px)" href="css/mobile.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-device-width: 600px) and (max-device-width: 1024px)" href="css/tablet.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-device-width: 1024px)" href="css/960.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="only screen and (min-device-width: 1024px)" href="css/styles.css" /-->

  
  <!-- Chartbeat bottom START -->
<script type="text/javascript">
  var _sf_async_config={};
  _sf_async_config.uid = 17396;
  _sf_async_config.domain = "defenseone.com";
  
    _sf_async_config.path = "/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/";
  
  
  (function(){
    function loadChartbeat() {
      window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime();
      var e = document.createElement("script");
      e.setAttribute("language", "javascript");
      e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript");
      e.setAttribute("src", "//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js");
      document.body.appendChild(e);
    }
    var oldonload = window.onload;
    window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ?
    loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); };
  })();
</script>
<!-- Chartbeat bottom END -->



  <script type="text/javascript">
   //<![CDATA[
     var facebookXdReceiverPath = 'https://www.govexec.com/xd_receiver.htm';
  //]]>
  </script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/js/adframe.js"></script>
  
    <!-- Google Analytics -->
<script>
  (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
  })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

  ga('create', 'UA-395628-5', 'auto');
  
  ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<!-- End Google Analytics -->
  

  
  <script type="text/javascript">
  __reach_config = {
    authors: ['Zoë  Schlanger'],
    channels: ['Defense One','Defense One::Threats'],
    
    date: '2017-09-14T09:00:00Z',
    
    iframe: true,
    pid: '53ea3bd297b0c940ae000041',
    tags: ['Defense One','Defense One::Threats'],
    title: 'Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force \u002D Defense One',
    url: 'http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/',
    domain: 'www.defenseone.com',
    ignore_errors: false
  };
  (function(){
    var s = document.createElement('script');
    s.async = true;
    s.type = 'text/javascript';
    s.src = document.location.protocol + '//d8rk54i4mohrb.cloudfront.net/js/reach.js';
    (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
  })();
</script>
  

<script id="peer39ScriptLoader" type="text/javascript" src="http://stags.peer39.net/1406/trg_1406.js"></script>
  <!-- peer39 code -->


  <!-- stupid hack for IE10/tablet -->
  <style type="text/css">
  a img {border:none}
  </style>

  

<script>
!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)
{if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?
n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};
if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';
n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;
t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script',
'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
fbq('init', '10155007044873614'); 
fbq('track', 'PageView');





</script>
<noscript>
 <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=10155007044873614&ev=PageView&noscript=1" style="display: none;"/>
</noscript>


</head>



<body class="no-js no-touch d1 d1-article-page articlepage" ontouchstart="">
  <script>
    
    document.body.className = document.body.className.replace("no-js ","");
  </script>

<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
/* You may give each page an identifying name, server, and channel on
the next lines. */
s.server="www.defenseone.com"
s.channel="threats"
s.pageName="swarmed with mosquitoes after harvey texas calls in the air force - threats - zo schlanger"
s.prop1=""
s.prop2=""
s.prop3="swarmed with mosquitoes after harvey texas calls in the air force - threats - zo schlanger"
s.prop4="/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/"
s.prop5=""
s.prop6="threats"
s.prop7=""
s.prop8="threats - post"
s.prop9=""
s.prop10=""
s.prop11="05:00"
s.prop12="Thursday"
s.prop13="weekday"
s.prop14="defenseone_today_nl"
s.prop15="zo schlanger"
s.prop16=""
s.prop17="Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force"
s.prop18="september 14, 2017 05:00 am"
s.prop19=""
s.prop20="homeland, air-force"
s.prop21=""
s.prop22=""
s.prop23=""
s.prop24=""
s.prop25=""
s.prop26=""
s.prop27=""
s.prop32="False"
s.prop34="140958"
s.prop35="14"
s.prop36="09"
s.prop37="2017"
s.prop38=""
s.prop39="Error: not set"
s.prop44=""
s.hier1="threats/post/swarmed with mosquitoes after harvey texas calls in the air force"
s.hier2=""
s.hier3=""

if ((typeof(Govexec) != "undefined") && (typeof(Govexec.get_format)=== 'function')){
  s.prop38 = Govexec.get_format();
}

if (typeof(adblock) != 'undefined' && adblock) {
  s.prop32 = "True";
}

// Collect referrer; override omniture referrer; clear cookie
var referrerCookieName = "referrer:" + window.location;
var referredThroughInterstitial = document.referrer.indexOf("interstitial.html") > -1;
s.prop50 = (referredThroughInterstitial) ? "true" : "false";
if (referredThroughInterstitial) {
  if (hasCookie(referrerCookieName)) {
    var originalReferrer = getCookie(referrerCookieName);

    // Might be Typed/Bookmarked or Referrer (see layout file)
    s.prop39 = originalReferrer;
  } else {
    // Referrer cookie lost
    s.prop39 = "Referrer Lost"
  }
} else {
  // Not routed through interstitial
  if (document.referrer != "") {
    // Not routed through interstitial; set prop39 to standard referrer

    // trick for getting the hostname
    var host_tmp = document.createElement("a");
    host_tmp.href = document.referrer;

    s.prop39 = host_tmp.hostname;
  } else {
    // No referrer; URL was directly entered / bookmarked
    s.prop39 = "Typed/Bookmarked";
  }
}


/************* DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ! **************/
var s_code=s.t();if(s_code) document.write(s_code)
if(navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE')>=0) document.write(unescape('%3C')+'\!-'+'-');
//]]>
</script> 
<noscript>
	<div>
		<a href="http://www.omniture.com" title="Web Analytics" ><img
src="http://metrics.govexec.com/b/ss/atlanticDefenseOne2013Prod/1/H.17--NS/0"
height="1" width="1" alt="" /></a>
	</div>
</noscript>
<!--/DO NOT REMOVE/-->



<div class="d1-top-ad hidedesk hidemobile">
  
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-topleader"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidedesk hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-tablet"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="728x90,728x300,970x250"
        
          data-ad-size-mapping="tablet_top_ad"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='632b1229-e44e-4998-8a33-9cb1c2b411f0'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['632b1229-e44e-4998-8a33-9cb1c2b411f0'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'topleader'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '0'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?sz=728x300%7C728x90%7C970x250&amp;c=264161274&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtopleader%26level%3D0">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?sz=728x300%7C728x90%7C970x250&amp;c=264161274&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtopleader%26level%3D0"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


</div>


  <header>
    <div class="container_12">
      <div id="slides2" class="grid_12 hidetablet hidemobile slidecontainer">
        <div id="slideContainer2" class="swipe">
          
  
      
      
  

  <ul class="swipe-wrap">
  
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2 alpha">
          <a href="/technology/2018/02/us-air-forces-next-ai-project-about-kick-high-gear/145888/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/3347669/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="Exploitation Analyst Airmen assigned to the 41st Intelligence Squadron have begun using advanced mobile desktop training that uses an environment to challenge each individual analyst in cyberspace maneuvers to achieve mission objectives at Fort. George G." title="Exploitation Analyst Airmen assigned to the 41st Intelligence Squadron have begun using advanced mobile desktop training that uses an environment to challenge each individual analyst in cyberspace maneuvers to achieve mission objectives at Fort. George G."></div>
              <span>Air Force’s Next <span class="caps">AI</span> Project is About to Kick Into High Gear</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/ideas/2018/01/war-yemen-and-making-chaos-state/145379/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/01/22/background-yemen_alt-3/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span>Special Report: The War in Yemen and the Making of a Chaos State</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/business/2018/02/global-business-brief-february-08-2018/145830/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/08/GBB_header/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span>This week: On the road with DepSecDef; Ellen Lord on autonomy, R&D and more.</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/ideas/2018/02/russia-our-adversary/145882/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/falg_AP_234000426511/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span><span class="quo">&#8216;</span>Russia Is Our Adversary&#8217;</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/threats/2018/02/heres-how-us-north-korea-crises-typically-end/145881/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/NK_AP_433952122515/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="North Korean soldiers, wearing historical uniforms, parade in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Oct. 10, 2015. " title="North Korean soldiers, wearing historical uniforms, parade in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Oct. 10, 2015. "></div>
              <span>How U.S.-North Korea Crises Typically End</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/clk?id=4569611880&amp;iu=/617/defenseone.com/click-tracker"
             class="sponsored"
             
                 target="_blank"
             
          >
              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/06/Screen_Shot_2018-02-06_at_4.02.03_PM/defense-skybox.png" alt="" title=""></div>
              <div>Sponsor Content</div>
              <span>How to Modernize Data Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination Methods</span>
          </a>

          
          <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/617/defenseone.com/tracking-pixel&amp;sz=1x1&amp;t=tracking-pixel%3D00608&amp;c=12345"
              width="1"
              height="1"
              alt=""
              class="tracking-pixel"
          />
          
      </li>
      
      

      

      
  
  </ul>

  <ul class="counter">
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
  </ul>

  <a class="button" href="javascript:;" ></a>


        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="d1-top-ad hidemobile hidetablet">
      
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-topleader"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidetablet hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-desktop"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="728x90,728x300,970x250"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='cda4ea1c-8c80-478f-91d1-0185571ecb03'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['cda4ea1c-8c80-478f-91d1-0185571ecb03'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'topleader'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '1'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=1&amp;sz=728x300%7C728x90%7C970x250&amp;c=158450858&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtopleader%26level%3D1">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=1&amp;sz=728x300%7C728x90%7C970x250&amp;c=158450858&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtopleader%26level%3D1"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


    </div>
    
    <div class="d1-sticky-nav">
  <div class="d1-sticky-nav-inner">
    
      <a class="d1-sticky-nav-logo logo" href="/?oref=d-logo">Defense One</a>
    
    <button class="d1-sticky-nav-opener d1-sticky-nav-opener-items">
      <span class="d1-sticky-nav-opener-open-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-menu"></span>
      <span class="d1-sticky-nav-opener-close-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-close"></span>
    </button>
    <button class="d1-sticky-nav-opener d1-sticky-nav-opener-search">
      <span class="d1-sticky-nav-opener-search-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-search"></span>
    </button>
    
      
      <ul class="d1-sticky-nav-social">
        
        <li class="d1-sticky-nav-social-item d1-sticky-nav-social-facebook">
          <a
            class="d1-sticky-nav-social-link gemg-icon icon-ico-facebook"
            href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?picture=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.defenseone.com%2Fmedia%2Fimg%2Fupload%2F2017%2F09%2F13%2F091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj%2Fopen-graph.jpg&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com&link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&app_id=1546266055584988&display=popup"
            target="_blank"
          >
            <span class="d1-sr-only">Facebook</span>
          </a>
        </li>
        

        
        <li class="d1-sticky-nav-social-item d1-sticky-nav-social-twitter">
          <a
            class="d1-sticky-nav-social-link gemg-icon icon-ico-twitter"
            href="https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&text=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force&via=defenseone"
            target="_blank"
          >
            <span class="d1-sr-only">Twitter</span>
          </a>
        </li>
        

        
        <li class="d1-sticky-nav-social-item d1-sticky-nav-social-linkedin">
          <a
            class="d1-sticky-nav-social-link gemg-icon icon-ico-linkedin"
            href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&mini=true&summary=The+Air+Force+is+spraying+a+controversial+insecticide+across+6+million+acres+to+kill+mosquitoes+brought+in+by+Hurricane+Harvey.&source=DefenseOne.com&title=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force"
            target="_blank"
          >
            <span class="d1-sr-only">LinkedIn</span>
          </a>
        </li>
        

        
        <li class="d1-sticky-nav-social-item d1-sticky-nav-social-email">
          <a
            class="d1-sticky-nav-social-link gemg-icon icon-ico-email-circle addthis_button_email"
            href="#"
            rel="nofollow"
            title="Email this article"
            addthis:title=""
          >
            <span class="d1-sr-only">Email</span>
          </a>
        </li>
        

      </ul>
      
    
    <div class="d1-sticky-nav-clipper d1-sticky-nav-search-clipper">
      <form id="search" class="d1-sticky-nav-search" action="/search/">
        <span class="d1-sticky-nav-search-icon-container">
          <span class="d1-sticky-nav-search-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-search" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        </span>
        <input class="d1-sticky-nav-search-text" type="text" value="Search..." name="q" autocomplete="off"/>
        <button class="d1-sticky-nav-search-submit" type="submit">
          <span class="d1-sticky-nav-search-submit-icon">&rarr;</span>
        </button>
      </form>
    </div>
    <div id="d1-sticky-nav-newsletters">
      <a class="d1-sticky-nav-newsletters-link" href="/newsletters/?oref=d-nav">Newsletters</a>
    </div>
    <div class="d1-sticky-nav-clipper d1-sticky-nav-items-clipper">
      <nav class="d1-sticky-nav-items-container">
        <ul class="d1-nav-items">
  <li class="d1-nav-item ">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/news/?oref=d-nav">News</a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-nav-item highlighted">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/threats/?oref=d-nav">Threats</a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-nav-item ">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/politics/?oref=d-nav">Politics</a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-nav-item ">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/business/?oref=d-nav">Business</a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-nav-item ">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/technology/?oref=d-nav">Tech</a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-nav-item ">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link" href="/ideas/?oref=d-nav">Ideas</a>
  </li>
  <div class="d1-nav-item-horizontal-rule"></div>
  <li class="d1-nav-item last">
    <a class="d1-nav-item-link d1-nav-item-link-newsletters" href="/newsletters/?oref=d-nav">Newsletters</a>
  </li>
</ul>
      </nav>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </header>


<div id="outer_content_container">
  
  <div id="gutter" class="hidetablet hidemobile">
    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-gutter"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidetablet hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-desktop"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="460x800"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='a6cfe3e8-9c7d-4f15-a164-cc110fa64388'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['a6cfe3e8-9c7d-4f15-a164-cc110fa64388'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'gutter'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '2'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


  </div>
  

  
    <div class="container_12 content">
      
  <div class="grid_8 d1-article article dont-miss-compare-with">
    <article class="article-for-flyin">
      <h1 class="d1-post-title">
        
        <span class="d1-post-title-text">Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air&nbsp;Force</span>
      </h1>

      <div class="d1-lead-image-container">
        
          <img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj/defense-large.jpg" alt=" Air Force C-130s will be spraying 6 million acres in Texas for mosquitoes." title=" Air Force C-130s will be spraying 6 million acres in Texas for mosquitoes.">
        
      </div>

      <div class="d1-article-sidebar-meta">

        

        
<ul class="d1-article-author-bio-short">
  
    <li class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item">
      

      <span class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-byline">
        By
        Zoë  Schlanger
      </span>

      
        <span class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-title">
          
          
            <a class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-org-link" href="http://qz.com/" target="_blank">
              Quartz
            </a>
          
        
        </span>
      

      
        <a class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-link" href="/voices/zoe-schlanger/12574/?oref=d-article-author">
          Read bio<span class="gemg-icon icon-ico-arrowright"></span>
        </a>
      
    </li>
  
</ul>


        
        <p class="d1-article-pub-date">
          September 14, 2017
        </p>
        

        
          <div class="d1-article-topics-module">
            <p class="d1-article-topics-module-title">
              <span class="d1-article-topics-module-title-text">Topics</span>
            </p>
            <ul class="d1-article-topics-module-items">
              
                <li class="d1-article-topics-module-item">
                  <a class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link" href="/topic/homeland/?oref=d-article-topics">
                    <span class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link-inner-a">
                      <span class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link-inner-b">
                        Homeland
                      </span>
                    </span>
                  </a>
                </li>
              
                <li class="d1-article-topics-module-item">
                  <a class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link" href="/topic/air-force/?oref=d-article-topics">
                    <span class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link-inner-a">
                      <span class="d1-article-topics-module-item-link-inner-b">
                        Air Force
                      </span>
                    </span>
                  </a>
                </li>
              
            </ul>
          </div>
        

      </div>

      <div
        
          
            class="d1-lead-image-caption-container"
          
        
      >
        
          <p class="d1-lead-image-caption-attribution">
            
              <a class="d1-lead-image-caption-attribution-btn" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="return false;">
                <span class="d1-lead-image-caption-attribution-text">
                  U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Dennis Sloan
                  <span class="d1-dropdown-arrow d1-dropdown-expand-arrow"></span>
                </span>
              </a>
            
          </p>
        

        <span class="article-controls">
  <a href="#" class="increase-font">
    A<span class="small">A</span>
    <span class="increase-font-text">Font size +</span>
  </a>
  <a class="print" href="/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/print/" target="_blank">Print</a>
</span>

        
          <p class="d1-lead-image-caption-text d1-lead-image-has-caption-attribution">
             Air Force C-130s will be spraying 6 million acres in Texas for mosquitoes.
          </p>
        

      </div>

      <ul class="d1-social-article">
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-facebook"
      href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?picture=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.defenseone.com%2Fmedia%2Fimg%2Fupload%2F2017%2F09%2F13%2F091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj%2Fopen-graph.jpg&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com&link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&app_id=1546266055584988&display=popup"
      target="_blank"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Facebook</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-twitter"
      href="https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&text=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force&via=defenseone"
      target="_blank"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Twitter</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-linkedin"
      href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&mini=true&summary=The+Air+Force+is+spraying+a+controversial+insecticide+across+6+million+acres+to+kill+mosquitoes+brought+in+by+Hurricane+Harvey.&source=DefenseOne.com&title=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force"
      target="_blank"
    >
        <span class="d1-sr-only">LinkedIn</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="addthis_button_email gemg-icon icon-ico-email-circle"
      href="#"
      rel="nofollow"
      title="Email this article"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Email this article</span>
    </a>
  </li>
</ul>

      <div class="d1-article-sidebar-meta-mobile">

        

        
<ul class="d1-article-author-bio-short">
  
    <li class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item">
      

      <span class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-byline">
        By
        Zoë  Schlanger
      </span>

      
        <span class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-title">
          
          
            <a class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-org-link" href="http://qz.com/" target="_blank">
              Quartz
            </a>
          
        
        </span>
      

      
        <a class="d1-article-author-bio-short-item-link" href="/voices/zoe-schlanger/12574/?oref=d-article-author">
          Read bio<span class="gemg-icon icon-ico-arrowright"></span>
        </a>
      
    </li>
  
</ul>


        
        <p class="d1-article-pub-date">
          September 14, 2017
        </p>
        

      </div>

      
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-defenseone-left-rail"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidedesk hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-tablet"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="300x250"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='3d087e07-8558-447f-926c-fe037e2fd1fa'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['3d087e07-8558-447f-926c-fe037e2fd1fa'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'defenseone-left-rail'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '3'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=2&amp;sz=300x250&amp;c=947723392&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Ddefenseone-left-rail%26level%3D2">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=2&amp;sz=300x250&amp;c=947723392&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Ddefenseone-left-rail%26level%3D2"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>



      
        <p class="d1-article-subhead">
          <span class="d1-article-subhead-inner-a">
            <span class="d1-article-subhead-inner-b">
              <span class="d1-article-subhead-inner-c">
                The Air Force is spraying a controversial insecticide across 6 million acres to kill mosquitoes brought in by Hurricane Harvey.
              </span>
            </span>
          </span>
        </p>
      

      <div class="text d1-article-content">
        
        
        
        

        
          
            
          
          
        

        
        
        <p><strong>In an effort to combat the swarms </strong>of mosquitoes apparently making mating grounds out of the standing water left behind from Hurricane Harvey, Texas has called in the big planes. The state asked the <span class="caps">US</span> Air Force to spray 6 million acres in the state with insecticide from in its low-flying C-130 cargo planes. The Air Force has <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20088030">long used its planes</a> in mosquito-control missions.</p>
<p>The work began this weekend, with three counties sprayed so far, according to <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/storm-harvey-mosquitoes/texas-calls-in-u-s-air-force-to-counter-post-storm-surge-in-mosquitoes-idINKCN1BN2JN">Reuters</a>. The hope is that the spraying will prevent mosquito-borne disease (though most mosquitoes that arrive after flooding don’t carry disease, according to a <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/storm-harvey-mosquitoes/texas-calls-in-u-s-air-force-to-counter-post-storm-surge-in-mosquitoes-idINKCN1BN2JN">Texas health official</a>), and prevent emergency response slowdowns by workers inundated by biting insects.</p>
<div class="embed-wrapper big wysiwyg">
<div class="embed-container embed-youtube"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="embedded" data-embed-src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/jQsOuPjVirs?wmode=transparent" frameborder="0" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/jQsOuPjVirs?wmode=transparent"></iframe></div>
</div>
<p>The Air Force is using naled, which is in the organophosphate category of insecticides, and though widely used in the <span class="caps">US</span>, is banned in the <span class="caps">EU</span>. The <span class="caps">EU</span> <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:126:0012:0012:EN:PDF">decided to ban naled</a> in 2012 out of concern for human health. “The scenarios evaluated in the human health risk assessment as well as in the environmental risk assessment showed a potential and unacceptable risk,” the European Commission <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:126:0012:0012:EN:PDF">wrote in its decision</a>.</p>
<p>American health officials disagree. Both the Centers for Disease Control and the <span class="caps">US</span> Environmental Protection Agency stand behind naled, <a href="https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/naled-mosquito-control##4">saying</a> the small amount of the insecticide sprayed from planes doesn’t expose people enough to pose a health concern.</p><div class="d1-article-left-rail-subscribe-container">
<p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-title">
<span class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-title-text">Subscribe</span>
</p>
<p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg"><em>Receive daily email updates:</em></p>
<p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg">Subscribe to the Defense One daily.</p>
<p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg">Be the first to receive updates.</p>
<form action="/newsletters/subscribe/" class="d1-article-subscribe" data-form-name="d1-extra-subscribe" method="post" name="defenseform">
<input name="newsletter_signup_source" type="hidden" value="d1-article-inline"/>
<input name="newsletter:newsletter_d1_today" type="hidden" value="1"/>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="d1-article-subscribe-email-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-email"></span>
<input class="d1-article-subscribe-email nl-email-address" name="email_address" placeholder="Enter your email" type="text"/>
<input class="d1-article-subscribe-submit" name="Subscribe" type="submit" value="Subscribe"/>
</form>
</div>
<p>An Air Force spokesperson reiterated that position in a <a href="http://www.419fw.afrc.af.mil/News/Article/1305991/earth-wind-and-fire-reservists-own-the-skies/">news release</a>, saying the insecticide will be used in volumes the <span class="caps">EPA</span> considers safe. “The system disperses droplets small enough to land on a mosquito’s wing, using less than one ounce of naled per acre. That’s less than one shot glass for an area the size of a football field,” the spokesperson said.</p>
<p>Naled is already everywhere in the <span class="caps">US</span>—health departments spray roughly <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/aerial-spraying.html">16 million acres</a> in the country with the insecticide each year. It’s also often used after disasters like hurricanes and flooding to curb mosquitoes.</p>
<p>The chemical has caused controversy in recent years. In 2016, naled spraying inadvertently caused <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/south-carolina-honeybees-zika_us_57c91f92e4b0e60d31dea238">millions of honeybee deaths</a> in South Carolina, and Florida health officials’ decision to spray naled in Miami Beach <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/08/miami-beach-zika-protests-naled-mosquitos">caused protest</a> among residents. (Spraying there has <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article159166724.html">continued</a>.) When the <span class="caps">CDC</span> send a shipment of naled to Puerto Rico to combat Zika, Puerto Rican governor Alejandro García Padilla <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/08/miami-beach-zika-protests-naled-mosquitos">sent it back</a>, according to the Guardian.</p>
<p>Naled works as a neurotoxin, killing mosquitoes by <a href="http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/metiram-propoxur/naled-ext.html">interfering with an enzyme</a> essential to the nervous systems of both insects and humans. Research on whether it poses a threat to human nervous systems at the levels used to kill mosquitoes is limited. A 2016 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602489">study from the University of Michigan</a> looked at babies living in China; <a href="http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/24890-chemicals-used-to-combat-zika-agricultural-pests-impact-motor-skills-in-infants">they found</a> that the babies most exposed to naled while in the womb scored 3% to 4% lower on fine motor skill tests than their less-exposed peers by the time they were nine months old.</p>
<p>Another <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002198/">study</a> looked at Mexican-American children living in agricultural regions in California, where organophosphates like naled are used regularly—children there had higher rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.</p>
<p>But when <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2016/09/zika-spraying-mosquito-miami-naled/">Mother Jones</a> spoke to <a href="https://www.sph.emory.edu/faculty/profile/#DBBARR">Dana Barr</a>, one of the authors of the study on Mexican-American children, she mostly agreed that aerial spraying doesn’t pose as significant a threat. “Likely the small amount sprayed won’t pose significant risk,” she <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2016/09/zika-spraying-mosquito-miami-naled/">told the magazine</a>, but said people who live in sprayed areas should “consider their exposures from other sources as well,” like from non-organic food and gardening insecticide. She also said women who are pregnant and infants should “take precautions to stay inside during spraying,” since they’d be most sensitive to any negative affects.<img class="tombstone" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/defenseone/img/article-end.png"/></p>

        

        

      </div>

      
        <ul class="d1-article-author-bio">
          
            
              <li class="d1-article-author-bio-item">
                
                  <span class="d1-article-author-bio-item-text">
                    Zoë Schlanger is a freelance reporter covering science, health, and the environment. Her work appears in Newsweek, the Village Voice, and the New York Times, among other places.
                  </span>
                  <a class="d1-article-author-bio-item-link" href="/voices/zoe-schlanger/12574/?oref=d-article-author">
                    Full bio<span class="gemg-icon icon-ico-arrowright"></span>
                  </a>
                
              </li>
            
          
        </ul>
      

      
        
  
  
  

<div class="related-partner-posts box qz">
  <div class="related-partner-posts">
    <h5>More from</h5>
    <div id="partner-related-logo"><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/images/partner_logos/quartz-logo.png"></div>
    <ul class="partner-related-posts">
    
      <li><a href="https://qz.com/1204674/nigerias-buhari-mulls-2019-election-taking-on-pdp-obasanjo-coalition-and-third-forces/">President Buhari’s stumbles have opened the door for another major shift in Nigerian politics</a></li>
    
      <li><a href="https://qz.com/1181662/deep-kalras-go-to-man-behind-makemytrips-success-in-india/">The master-of-all-trades who steered MakeMyTrip towards success</a></li>
    
      <li><a href="https://quartzy.qz.com/1204996/korean-dishes-to-warm-up-with-during-the-bitterly-cold-olympics/">Korean dishes to warm up with during the bitterly cold Olympics</a></li>
    
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>
      

      <ul class="d1-social-article">
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-facebook"
      href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?picture=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.defenseone.com%2Fmedia%2Fimg%2Fupload%2F2017%2F09%2F13%2F091317mosquitoes_aKshBvj%2Fopen-graph.jpg&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com&link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&app_id=1546266055584988&display=popup"
      target="_blank"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Facebook</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-twitter"
      href="https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&text=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force&via=defenseone"
      target="_blank"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Twitter</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="gemg-icon icon-ico-linkedin"
      href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2017%2F09%2Fswarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force%2F140958%2F&mini=true&summary=The+Air+Force+is+spraying+a+controversial+insecticide+across+6+million+acres+to+kill+mosquitoes+brought+in+by+Hurricane+Harvey.&source=DefenseOne.com&title=Swarmed+With+Mosquitoes+After+Harvey%2C+Texas+Calls+in+the+Air+Force"
      target="_blank"
    >
        <span class="d1-sr-only">LinkedIn</span>
    </a>
  </li>
  <li class="d1-social-article-link">
    <a
      class="addthis_button_email gemg-icon icon-ico-email-circle"
      href="#"
      rel="nofollow"
      title="Email this article"
    >
      <span class="d1-sr-only">Email this article</span>
    </a>
  </li>
</ul>

      
        <div class="d1-article-bottom-subscribe-container">
          
            
<form
  class="d1-article-subscribe"
  action="/newsletters/subscribe/"
  method="post"
  name="defenseform"
  data-form-name="d1-extra-subscribe"
>
  <input type="hidden" name="newsletter_signup_source" value="d1-article-inline"/>
  <input type="hidden"
         name="newsletter:newsletter_d1_today"
         value="1" />
  <span class="d1-article-subscribe-email-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-email" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  <input class="d1-article-subscribe-email nl-email-address" name="email_address" type="text"
         placeholder="Enter your email to get daily updates"/>
  <input class="d1-article-subscribe-submit" type="submit" name="Subscribe" value="Subscribe">
</form>

          
        </div>
      

    </article>

  </div>

  <div class="grid_4 d1-article-right-rail sidebar fright">
    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-top-block"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidetablet hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-desktop"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="300x250,300x600,300x1000"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='78dcb9c2-df27-4291-b635-6cec742a3d7d'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['78dcb9c2-df27-4291-b635-6cec742a3d7d'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'top-block'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '4'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=3&amp;sz=300x600%7C300x250%7C300x1000&amp;c=194291141&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtop-block%26level%3D3">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=3&amp;sz=300x600%7C300x250%7C300x1000&amp;c=194291141&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dtop-block%26level%3D3"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>



    
  
  
  <div class="sideItem most-read">
    <h4 class="most-read-title">
      <span class="most-read-title-text">Most Read</span>
    </h4>
    <ol>
      
        <li class="most-read-item">
          <span class="list-index">1</span>
          <a href="/ideas/2018/02/inside-worlds-most-radical-experiment-womens-rights/145760/?oref=d-mostread">
            <div></div>
            <span>Inside The World&#8217;s Most Radical Experiment in Women’s&nbsp;Rights</span>
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="most-read-item">
          <span class="list-index">2</span>
          <a href="/technology/2018/02/pentagon-requesting-66-million-laser-drones-shoot-down-north-korean-missiles/145939/?oref=d-mostread">
            <div></div>
            <span>Pentagon Requesting $66 Million For Laser Drones to Shoot Down North Korean&nbsp;Missiles</span>
          </a>
        </li>
      
        <li class="most-read-item">
          <span class="list-index">3</span>
          <a href="/ideas/2018/02/chinese-sub-commanders-may-get-ai-help-decision-making/145906/?oref=d-mostread">
            <div></div>
            <span>Chinese Sub Commanders May Get <span class="caps">AI</span> Help for&nbsp;Decision-Making</span>
          </a>
        </li>
      
    </ol>
  </div>
  


    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-bottom-block"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidetablet hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-desktop"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="300x250"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='a94e7964-98b2-440b-a649-0bd70cb625dc'
        
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['a94e7964-98b2-440b-a649-0bd70cb625dc'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'bottom-block'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '5'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=4&amp;sz=300x250&amp;c=676609438&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dbottom-block%26level%3D4">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=4&amp;sz=300x250&amp;c=676609438&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dbottom-block%26level%3D4"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>



    
      <div class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-container">
        
          
  <p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-title">
    <span class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-title-text">Subscribe</span>
  </p>
  
    <p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg"><em>Receive daily email updates:</em></p>
    <p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg">Subscribe to the Defense One daily.</p>
    <p class="d1-article-sidebar-subscribe-msg">Be the first to receive updates.</p>
  
  
<form
  class="d1-article-subscribe"
  action="/newsletters/subscribe/"
  method="post"
  name="defenseform"
  data-form-name="d1-extra-subscribe"
>
  <input type="hidden" name="newsletter_signup_source" value="d1-right-rail"/>
  <input type="hidden"
         name="newsletter:newsletter_d1_today"
         value="1" />
  <span class="d1-article-subscribe-email-icon gemg-icon icon-ico-email" aria-hidden="true"></span>
  <input class="d1-article-subscribe-email nl-email-address" name="email_address" type="text"
         placeholder="Enter your email"/>
  <input class="d1-article-subscribe-submit" type="submit" name="Subscribe" value="Subscribe">
</form>


        
      </div>
    

  </div>

  <div class="grid_4 d1-article-right-rail sidebar fright">
    <div class="d1-article-dont-miss-container">
      
  
  
    <div class="dont-miss sideItem">
      <h4 class="dont-miss-title">
        <span class="dont-miss-title-text">Don't Miss</span>
      </h4>
      <ul class="dont-miss-section">
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-show"
          >
          <a
            href="/politics/2018/02/two-year-budget-deal-would-raise-caps-give-pentagon-700b-2018/145795/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/07/Screen_Shot_2018-02-07_at_1.49.00_PM/thumb.png"
     alt="Defense Secretary James Mattis speaking at the White House Briefing Room, Feb. 7, 2017."
     title="Defense Secretary James Mattis speaking at the White House Briefing Room, Feb. 7, 2017."
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            Two-Year Budget Deal Would Raise Caps, Give Pentagon $700B in&nbsp;2018
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-show"
          >
          <a
            href="/ideas/2017/09/no-we-cannot-shoot-down-north-koreas-missiles/141070/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/17/170829-N-N0101-001/thumb.JPG"
     alt="In a test, SM-6 missiles fired from the guided-missile destroyer USS John Paul Jones (DDG 53) hit a target medium-range ballistic missile off Hawaii, Au. 29, 2017."
     title="In a test, SM-6 missiles fired from the guided-missile destroyer USS John Paul Jones (DDG 53) hit a target medium-range ballistic missile off Hawaii, Au. 29, 2017."
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            No, We Cannot Shoot Down North Korea’s&nbsp;Missiles
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-show"
          >
          <a
            href="/threats/2017/12/global-conflicts-watch-2018/144476/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/12/12/Screen_Shot_2017-12-12_at_11.35.56_AM/thumb.png"
     alt=""
     title=""
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            Global Conflicts to Watch in&nbsp;2018
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-show"
          >
          <a
            href="/threats/2018/01/us-general-turkey-were-not-pulling-back/145545/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/01/29/V4_in_jordan/thumb.jpg"
     alt="Gen. Joseph Votel speaks to reporters at King Abdullah II air base, outside of Amman, Jordan, Sunday, Jan. 28, 2018"
     title="Gen. Joseph Votel speaks to reporters at King Abdullah II air base, outside of Amman, Jordan, Sunday, Jan. 28, 2018"
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            <span class="caps">US</span> General to Turkey: We’re Not Pulling&nbsp;Back 
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-show"
          >
          <a
            href="/threats/2018/01/what-nuclear-missile-attack-hawaii-would-look/145319/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/01/19/Screen_Shot_2018-01-18_at_3.10.47_PM/thumb.png"
     alt="A rendering of a 200 kt nuclear missile strike on Hawaii, courtesy of the Nukemap tool."
     title="A rendering of a 200 kt nuclear missile strike on Hawaii, courtesy of the Nukemap tool."
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            What A Nuclear Missile Attack On Hawaii Would Look&nbsp;Like
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-hide"
          >
          <a
            href="/technology/2018/01/stravas-just-start-us-militarys-losing-war-against-data-leakage/145632/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/01/31/Screen_Shot_2018-01-31_at_4.12.56_PM/thumb.png"
     alt="A screenshot from the Strava heatmap depicting the physical activity of runners all around the world, including on US military bases. "
     title="A screenshot from the Strava heatmap depicting the physical activity of runners all around the world, including on US military bases. "
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            Strava’s Just the Start: The <span class="caps">US</span> Military’s Losing War Against Data&nbsp;Leakage
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-hide"
          >
          <a
            href="/technology/2017/11/google-chief-china-will-surpass-us-ai-around-2025/142214/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/11/01/AP_254389869829/thumb.jpg"
     alt="Executive Chairman of Google, Eric Schmidt stands near a statue of the late North Korean leader Kim Il Sung during a tour of the Grand Peoples Study House in Pyongyang, North Korea on Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013"
     title="Executive Chairman of Google, Eric Schmidt stands near a statue of the late North Korean leader Kim Il Sung during a tour of the Grand Peoples Study House in Pyongyang, North Korea on Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2013"
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            China Will Surpass <span class="caps">US</span> in <span class="caps">AI</span> Around 2025, Says Google&#8217;s&nbsp;Schmidt
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-hide"
          >
          <a
            href="/politics/2015/06/how-china-building-biggest-commercial-military-empire-history/114853/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2015/06/09/AP109186123846/thumb.jpg"
     alt="Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang looks at a map of the port of Piraeus, where Chinese shipping giant Cosco controls two of the three container terminals, on Friday June 20, 2014."
     title="Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang looks at a map of the port of Piraeus, where Chinese shipping giant Cosco controls two of the three container terminals, on Friday June 20, 2014."
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            China Is Building the Largest-Ever Commercial-Military&nbsp;Empire
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-hide"
          >
          <a
            href="/technology/2018/02/chinas-surveillance-state-should-scare-everyone/145718/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/05/AP_17260362780539/thumb.jpg"
     alt="Surveillance cameras stand next to the figurines on a main entrance gate of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, or Taimiao next to the Forbidden City in Beijing, Sept. 17, 2017."
     title="Surveillance cameras stand next to the figurines on a main entrance gate of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, or Taimiao next to the Forbidden City in Beijing, Sept. 17, 2017."
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            China&#8217;s Surveillance State Should Scare&nbsp;Everyone
          </a>
          </li>
        
          <li
            class="dont-miss-item dont-miss-hide"
          >
          <a
            href="/technology/2017/08/3-questions-artificial-intelligence-and-military/140538/?oref=d-dontmiss"
            
            >
            <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/08/25/iStock-599686170/thumb.jpg"
     alt="mechanized robot ha, ... ]"
     title="mechanized robot ha, ... ]"
     
     height="83" 
     width="138" 
/>

</div>
            3 Questions: Artificial Intelligence and the&nbsp;Military
          </a>
          </li>
        
      </ul>
    </div>
  

    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="grid_6 prefix_2">
    
      <div class="comments loadMore grey">
        <p id="show_comments"><a href="#">Show Comments</a></p>
        <p id="loading_comments" class="hidden">Loading...</p>
        <p id="hide_comments" class="hidden"><a href="#">Hide Comments</a></p>
      </div>
      <div class="hidden comment-box" id="comments">
        <p class="legal">
          By using this service you agree not to post material that is obscene, harassing, defamatory, or
          otherwise objectionable. Although Defenseone.com does not monitor comments posted to this site (and
          has no obligation to), it reserves the right to delete, edit, or move any material that it deems
          to be in violation of this rule.
        </p>
        <div id="disqus_thread"></div>
        <div id="static_comments"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="clear"></div>
      <script type="text/javascript">
          var disqus_shortname = 'defenseone';
          var disqus_identifier = 'post_140958';
          var disqus_url = 'http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/';
          //var disqus_title = 'a unique title for each page where Disqus is present';
          
      </script>
      <noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments powered by Disqus.</a></noscript>
    
  </div>


  <div class="clear"></div>

  <div class="grid_11 prefix_1 vmargin bottom">

	<div class="hidetablet hidemobile">
    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-large-rectangle-desktop"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidetablet hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-desktop"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="940x470"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='e7d7da23-3237-4015-bcb5-dfb4506f6ed2'
        
        
          data-ad-lazy
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['e7d7da23-3237-4015-bcb5-dfb4506f6ed2'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'large-rectangle-desktop'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '6'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=5&amp;sz=940x470&amp;c=182205798&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-desktop%26level%3D5">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=5&amp;sz=940x470&amp;c=182205798&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-desktop%26level%3D5"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


	</div>
	<div class="hidedesk hidemobile">
    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-large-rectangle-tablet"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidedesk hidemobile"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-tablet"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="700x350"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='9c5d4c08-3db7-4dbf-a990-b3233a1f219c'
        
        
          data-ad-lazy
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['9c5d4c08-3db7-4dbf-a990-b3233a1f219c'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'large-rectangle-tablet'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '7'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=6&amp;sz=700x350&amp;c=896225747&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-tablet%26level%3D6">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=6&amp;sz=700x350&amp;c=896225747&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-tablet%26level%3D6"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


	</div>
	<div class="hidedesk hidetablet">
    
  <div
    
    class="ad ad-large-rectangle-mobile"
  >
    <div class="ad-container">
      
        
          <div
            
              class="hidedesk hidetablet"
            
          >
            
    
      <script
        class="ad-stub ad-stub-mobile"
        data-ad-unit="/617/defenseone.com/section_threats/content/pid_140958"
        data-ad-sizes="300x150,300x250"
        
        
        
          data-ad-targeting='3011ed61-0cd2-4aef-9051-bb6fce904876'
        
        
          data-ad-lazy
        
      >
      
        GEMG.GPT.targeting.slot['3011ed61-0cd2-4aef-9051-bb6fce904876'] = {
        
          'pos': [
            'large-rectangle-mobile'
          ],
        
          'level': [
            '8'
          ]
        
        };
      
      </script>
    
  
          </div>
        
      
      
          
    
      <noscript class="ad-noscript">
        
          <a href="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?tile=7&amp;sz=300x250%7C300x150&amp;c=505414676&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-mobile%26level%3D7">
            <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?tile=7&amp;sz=300x250%7C300x150&amp;c=505414676&amp;iu=%2F617%2Fdefenseone.com%2Fsection_threats%2Fcontent%2Fpid_140958&amp;t=noscript%3Dtrue%26referring_domain%3DTyped%252FBookmarked%26pos%3Dlarge-rectangle-mobile%26level%3D7"/>
          </a>
        
      </noscript>
    
  
      
    </div>
  </div>


	</div>

    
      <div>
        <div class="grid_12 pager hidedesk">
          
            <div class="grid_4 prefix_1 alpha">
                <div class="prev_box hidemobile"><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost"><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/36400028903_40800728c0_k/defense-post.jpg" alt="Defense Secretary Jim Mattis arrives at a missile alert facility in North Dakota on Sept. 13, 2017. " title="Defense Secretary Jim Mattis arrives at a missile alert facility in North Dakota on Sept. 13, 2017. "></a></div>
                <p><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost">&laquo; Previous</a></p>
                <h4><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost">At US Nuclear Weapons Base, Mattis Signals Support for Triad</a></h4>
              
            </div>
          
          
            <div class="grid_4 prefix_2 omega">
                <div class="next_box hidemobile"><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost"><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/14/DB-lander/defense-post.png" alt="" title=""></a></div>
                <p><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost">Next &raquo;</a></p>
                <h4><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost">Russia kicks off giant exercise; Mattis says he likes ICBMs now; US SOF leaders say support for Syrian Kurds is key; Macedonia’s fake-news exports soar; and just a bit more...</a></h4>
              
            </div>
          
        </div>
      </div>
    

    
    <div id="slides" class="grid_12 hidedesk slidecontainer">
      <div id="slideContainer" class="swipe">
        
  
      
      
  

  <ul class="swipe-wrap">
  
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2 alpha">
          <a href="/technology/2018/02/us-air-forces-next-ai-project-about-kick-high-gear/145888/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/3347669/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="Exploitation Analyst Airmen assigned to the 41st Intelligence Squadron have begun using advanced mobile desktop training that uses an environment to challenge each individual analyst in cyberspace maneuvers to achieve mission objectives at Fort. George G." title="Exploitation Analyst Airmen assigned to the 41st Intelligence Squadron have begun using advanced mobile desktop training that uses an environment to challenge each individual analyst in cyberspace maneuvers to achieve mission objectives at Fort. George G."></div>
              <span>Air Force’s Next <span class="caps">AI</span> Project is About to Kick Into High Gear</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/ideas/2018/01/war-yemen-and-making-chaos-state/145379/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/01/22/background-yemen_alt-3/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span>Special Report: The War in Yemen and the Making of a Chaos State</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/business/2018/02/global-business-brief-february-08-2018/145830/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/08/GBB_header/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span>This week: On the road with DepSecDef; Ellen Lord on autonomy, R&D and more.</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/ideas/2018/02/russia-our-adversary/145882/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/falg_AP_234000426511/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="" title=""></div>
              <span><span class="quo">&#8216;</span>Russia Is Our Adversary&#8217;</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="/threats/2018/02/heres-how-us-north-korea-crises-typically-end/145881/?oref=d-skybox"
             
          >

              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/09/NK_AP_433952122515/defense-skybox.jpg" alt="North Korean soldiers, wearing historical uniforms, parade in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Oct. 10, 2015. " title="North Korean soldiers, wearing historical uniforms, parade in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Oct. 10, 2015. "></div>
              <span>How U.S.-North Korea Crises Typically End</span>
          </a>
      </li>
      

      
  

      
      <li class="grid_2">
          <a href="http://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/clk?id=4569611880&amp;iu=/617/defenseone.com/click-tracker"
             class="sponsored"
             
                 target="_blank"
             
          >
              <div><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2018/02/06/Screen_Shot_2018-02-06_at_4.02.03_PM/defense-skybox.png" alt="" title=""></div>
              <div>Sponsor Content</div>
              <span>How to Modernize Data Processing, Exploitation and Dissemination Methods</span>
          </a>

          
          <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/617/defenseone.com/tracking-pixel&amp;sz=1x1&amp;t=tracking-pixel%3D00608&amp;c=12345"
              width="1"
              height="1"
              alt=""
              class="tracking-pixel"
          />
          
      </li>
      
      

      

      
  
  </ul>

  <ul class="counter">
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
      <li></li>
  </ul>

  <a class="button" href="javascript:;" ></a>


      </div>
    </div>
    
  </div>

  
    <div class="grid_12 pager hidemobile hidetablet">
      
        <div class="grid_4 prefix_1 alpha ">
            <div class="prev_box"><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost"><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/13/36400028903_40800728c0_k/medium.jpg" alt="Defense Secretary Jim Mattis arrives at a missile alert facility in North Dakota on Sept. 13, 2017. " title="Defense Secretary Jim Mattis arrives at a missile alert facility in North Dakota on Sept. 13, 2017. "></a></div>
            <p><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost">&laquo; Previous</a></p>
            <h4><a href="/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/?oref=d-previouspost">At US Nuclear Weapons Base, Mattis Signals Support for Triad</a></h4>
          
        </div>
      
      
        <div class="grid_4 prefix_2 omega ">
            <div class="next_box"><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost"><img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/media/img/upload/2017/09/14/DB-lander/medium.png" alt="" title=""></a></div>
            <p><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost">Next &raquo;</a></p>
            <h4><a href="/news/2017/09/the-d-brief-september-14-2017/140992/?oref=d-nextpost">Russia kicks off giant exercise; Mattis says he likes ICBMs now; US SOF leaders say support for Syrian Kurds is key; Macedonia’s fake-news exports soar; and just a bit more...</a></h4>
          
        </div>
      
    </div>
  

    </div>
  

  <div class="container_12 footerContainer">
    <footer class="grid_12">
      <div class="grid_2 alpha">
        <a href="/?oref=d-logo" class="footer-logo">Defense One</a>
      </div>
      <div class="grid_10 omega">
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/about/?oref=footer">About</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact/?oref=footer">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/events/?oref=footer">Events</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://www.govexecmediagroup.com/about/#Defense-One1">Advertise</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/site-map/?oref=footer">Site Map</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/privacy-policy/?oref=footer">Privacy Policy</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/terms-and-conditions/?oref=footer">Terms &amp; Conditions</a></li>
        </ul>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="http://www.govexec.com/?oref=d-footer">Government Executive</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://www.nextgov.com/?oref=d-footer">Nextgov</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://qz.com/?oref=d-footer">Quartz</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/?oref=d-footer">National Journal</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/?oref=d-footer">The Atlantic</a></li>
          <li><a href="http://www.citylab.com/?oref=d-footer">CityLab</a></li>
        </ul>
        <p>&copy; 2018 by Government Media Executive Group LLC. All rights reserved.</p>
      </div>
    </footer>
  </div>
</div>

  
  

  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-4ee7a1b53b23332d"></script>
  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/social_tools/js/social_tools.js?v=8.5.0"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/js/jquery.form.js?v=8.5.0"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/js/newsletter.form.js?v=8.5.0"></script>
  
    <script src="//my.hellobar.com/15fb7c5f8f9f27c76676e95c43e602fa1c9ade83.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" async="async"></script>
  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion_async.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
  <script id="handlebars-flyin" class="handlebars-template" type="text/x-handlebars-template">
    
<div class="share-section small-logo"
   data-url="{{{share_url}}}">

    <ul class="social-buttons">
      <li class="social-button facebook available">
        <a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/feed?link={{{facebook_link}}}&amp;description={{{facebook_description}}}&amp;display=popup&amp;app_id={{{facebook_app_id}}}&amp;redirect_uri={{{facebook_redirect_uri}}}"
          target="_blank"
        >Share this on Facebook</a>
      </li>
      <li class="social-button twitter available">
        <a href="https://twitter.com/share?via={{{twitter_via}}}&amp;text={{{twitter_text}}}&amp;url={{{twitter_url}}}"
          target="_blank"
        >Tweet this on Twitter</a>
      </li>
      <li class="social-button google-plus available">
        <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url={{{googleplus_url}}}"
          target="_blank"
        >Share this on Google Plus</a>
      </li>
      <li class="social-button linkedin available">
      <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;title={{{linkedin_title}}}&amp;source={{{linkedin_source}}}&amp;summary={{{linkedin_summary}}}&amp;url={{{linkedin_url}}}"
          target="_blank"
        >Share this on LinkedIn</a>
      </li>
      <li class="social-button comment disqus-handlebar">
        <a class="disqus-count"
          href="{{{disqus_share_url}}}?oref=flyin-disqus#disqus_thread"
          data-disqus-identifier="post_{{{disqus_id}}}"
        >Leave a comment</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
</div>
  </script>


<div id="modal_window">
	<div id="modal_window_content">
		<img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/images/ajax-loading.gif" width="32" height="32" alt="Loading..." />
	</div>
	<a href="#" class="close_button">
		<img src="https://cdn.defenseone.com/a/images/close-circle.png" alt="Close window" width="30" height="30" />
	</a>
</div>


  
    
    
    
    
    <div
    id="flyin-container" 
    class="flyin-container"
    data-flyin-setting='sailthru'
    data-flyin-site-name='Defense One'
    data-flyin-site-url='http://www.defenseone.com'
    data-flyin-concierge-tag='site-defenseone'
    data-flyin-title='Swarmed With Mosquitoes After Harvey, Texas Calls in the Air Force'
    data-flyin-url='http://www.defenseone.com/threats/2017/09/swarmed-mosquitoes-after-harvey-texas-calls-air-force/140958/'
    data-flyin-curated-urls=''
    data-flyin-fb-app-id='1546266055584988'
    data-flyin-twitter-handle='@DefenseOne'
    data-flyin-facebook-site-name='DefenseOne'
    data-flyin-native-article-url='/business/2017/09/us-nuclear-weapons-base-mattis-signals-support-triad/140987/'
    data-flyin-native-article-title='At US Nuclear Weapons Base, Mattis Signals Support for Triad'
  >

  <div class="flyin" id="flyin_open">
    <div class="label">
      <a href="#" id="closer">Close [ x ]</a>
      <strong>More from DefenseOne</strong>
    </div>
    <div id="sailthru-flyin">

    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="flyin-container">
  <div class="flyin closed" id="flyin_closed">
    <div class="label">
      &nbsp;
    </div>
    <div class="headline">
      <a href="#" id="opener">Next Story</a>
    </div>
    <div class="meta addthis_toolbox">
      &nbsp;
    </div>
  </div>
</div>


  



  
  <div class="conversion-module-bootstrap">
  <div class="conversion-module hide">
    <div class="conversion-module-close">
      <button class="conversion-module-close-btn close" type="button" aria-label="Close">
        <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
      </button>
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-nl-signup">
      
        

<form
  class="conversion-module-signup-form"
  action='/newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/defense-one-today/'
  method="post"
>
  <fieldset>
    <legend class="conversion-module-signup-form-title">
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line1">
        News, analysis, and ideas driving the future of U.S. defense: straight to your inbox.
      </span>
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2">
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2-inner-a">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2-inner-b">
            Sign up for Defense One Today
          </span>
        </span>
      </span>
    </legend>

    

    

  
    <input type="hidden" name="source_signup" value="d1-mod-conv-dt" id="conversion-module-nl-source_signup" />
  
    <input type="hidden" name="run_through_id" id="conversion-module-nl-run_through_id" />
  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-email form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-nl-email"
  >
    My email is ...
  </label>
  
    <input id="conversion-module-nl-email" type="text" placeholder="email@example.com" class="form-control input-lg" name="email" />
  
</div>

  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-employer form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-nl-employer"
  >
    I work for ...
  </label>
  
    <select id="conversion-module-nl-employer" class="form-control input-lg" name="employer">
<option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
<option value="Military">Military</option>
<option value="Federal Government">Federal Government</option>
<option value="State/Local Government">State/Local Government</option>
<option value="Contractor">Contractor</option>
<option value="Private Sector">Private Sector</option>
<option value="Retired">Retired</option>
</select>
  
</div>

  



    
  <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-extra_newsletter form-group">
    
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label" for="conversion-module-nl-extra_newsletter">
        <input checked="checked" type="checkbox" name="extra_newsletter" id="conversion-module-nl-extra_newsletter" />
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-label-text">Also get The D Brief, your daily source for insights and analysis of the latest in defense news</span>
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-optin form-group">
    
    <div class="checkbox">
      <label class="conversion-module-signup-form-label" for="conversion-module-nl-optin">
        <input checked="checked" type="checkbox" name="optin" id="conversion-module-nl-optin" />
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-label-text">Yes, Defense One can email me on behalf of carefully selected companies and organizations.</span>
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>


    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit form-group">
      <button class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-btn btn btn-default" type="submit">
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-text">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-arrow"></span>
          Sign up
        </span>
      </button>
    </div>

    <a class="conversion-module-signup-form-link" href="/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">View Privacy Policy</a>

  </fieldset>
</form>

      
    </div>
    <div class="conversion-module-nl-thankyou hide">
      
        

<form
  class="conversion-module-signup-form"
  action='/newsletters/subscribe/conversion-module/defense-one-today/thank-you/'
  method="post"
>
  <fieldset>
    <legend class="conversion-module-signup-form-title">
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line1">
        Thank you.
      </span>
      <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2">
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2-inner-a">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-title-line2-inner-b">
            Help us tailor content specifically for you:
          </span>
        </span>
      </span>
    </legend>

    

    

  
    <input type="hidden" name="source_signup" value="d1-mod-conv-dt" id="conversion-module-thank-you-source_signup" />
  
    <input type="hidden" name="run_through_id" id="conversion-module-thank-you-run_through_id" />
  
    <input type="hidden" name="email" id="conversion-module-thank-you-email" />
  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-full_name form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-thank-you-full_name"
  >
    Full Name
  </label>
  
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-full_name" type="text" placeholder="" class="form-control input-lg" name="full_name" />
  
</div>

  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-agency_department form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-thank-you-agency_department"
  >
    Agency/Department
  </label>
  
    <select id="conversion-module-thank-you-agency_department" placeholder="" class="form-control input-lg" name="agency_department">
<option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
<option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Air Force">Air Force</option>
<option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Army">Army</option>
<option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Coast Guard">Coast Guard</option>
<option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Navy">Navy</option>
<option class="agency-department-military-branch" value="Marines">Marines</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Education">Department of Education</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Energy">Department of Energy</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="EPA">EPA</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Executive Office of the President/Vice President">Executive Office of the President/Vice President</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="GSA">GSA</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Defense">Department of Defense</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of HHS">Department of HHS</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of HUD">Department of HUD</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Interior">Department of Interior</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Judiciary Branch">Judiciary Branch</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Office of the Secretary of Defense">Office of the Secretary of Defense</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Justice">Department of Justice</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Labor">Department of Labor</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Legislative Branch">Legislative Branch</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="NASA">NASA</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="OMB">OMB</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="OPM">OPM</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="SSA">SSA</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of State">Department of State</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Treasury">Department of Treasury</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="USPS">USPS</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</option>
<option class="agency-department-federal-government" value="Other Agency">Other Agency</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Government Association">Government Association</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="County">County</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Municipal">Municipal</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Higher Education">Higher Education</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="K-12 Education">K-12 Education</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="Special District">Special District</option>
<option class="agency-department-state-and-local" value="State">State</option>
</select>
  
</div>

  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-job_function form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-thank-you-job_function"
  >
    Job Function
  </label>
  
    <select id="conversion-module-thank-you-job_function" placeholder="" class="form-control input-lg" name="job_function">
<option value="" selected="selected">--select--</option>
<option value="Agency Leadership">Agency Leadership</option>
<option value="Business &amp; Operations">Business &amp; Operations</option>
<option value="Communications &amp; Marketing">Communications &amp; Marketing</option>
<option value="Financial/Contract Management">Financial/Contract Management</option>
<option value="Human Resource Management">Human Resource Management</option>
<option value="Technology Management">Technology Management</option>
</select>
  
</div>

  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-phone form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-thank-you-phone"
  >
    Phone number
  </label>
  
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-phone" type="text" placeholder="" class="form-control input-lg" name="phone" />
  
</div>

  

  
    

<div class="conversion-module-signup-form-state_and_zip form-group">
  <label
    class="conversion-module-signup-form-label control-label"
    for="conversion-module-thank-you-state_and_zip_0"
  >
    Zip code
  </label>
  
    <input id="conversion-module-thank-you-state_and_zip_0" placeholder="" type="text" name="state_and_zip_0" class="form-control input-lg" /><input id="conversion-module-thank-you-state_and_zip_1" placeholder="" type="hidden" name="state_and_zip_1" class="form-control input-lg" />
  
</div>

  



    
    

    <div class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit form-group">
      <button class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-btn btn btn-default" type="submit">
        <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-text">
          <span class="conversion-module-signup-form-submit-arrow"></span>
          Submit
        </span>
      </button>
    </div>

    <a class="conversion-module-signup-form-link" href="/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">View Privacy Policy</a>

  </fieldset>
</form>

      
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>

  


	

  
    
  
    <script
  src="//ak.sail-horizon.com/onsite/personalize.v0.0.4.min.js"
  type="text/javascript"
   data-sailthru-setup="true" 
></script>
  
  <script type="text/javascript">
    $(function() {
      GEMG.Flyin.init();
      GEMG.SPM.init('site-defenseone', ["defenseone_article_flyin"]);
    });
  </script>

  

  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sadmin.brightcove.com/js/BrightcoveExperiences.js"></script>


  
  
    <!-- Google Code for Remarketing Tag -->
<!--
Remarketing tags may not be associated with personally identifiable information or placed on pages related to sensitive categories. See more information and instructions on how to setup the tag on: http://google.com/ads/remarketingsetup
-->
<script type="text/javascript">
    /* <![CDATA[ */
    var google_conversion_id = 962442471;
    var google_custom_params = window.google_tag_params;
    var google_remarketing_only = true;
    /* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion.js">
</script>
<noscript>
    <div style="display:inline;">
        <img height="1" width="1" style="border-style:none;" alt="" src="//googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/962442471/?value=0&amp;guid=ON&amp;script=0"/>
    </div>
</noscript>
    
      <script type="text/javascript">
_linkedin_data_partner_id = "41412";
</script><script type="text/javascript">
(function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
var b = document.createElement("script");
b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true;
b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";
s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})();
</script>
    
  

  <!-- audience pixels -->
<script type='text/javascript'>
  var axel = Math.random() + '';
  var a = axel * 10000000000000;
  document.write('<img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/617/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=' + a + ';dc_seg=135765730?" width=1 height=1 border=0/>');
</script>
<noscript>
  <img src="https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/617/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=135765730?" width=1 height=1 border=0/>
</noscript>


  <script>
  
    GEMG.GPT.body.init();
  
  </script>


  
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
  GEMG.SessionCoach.init("https://shared.govexec.com", false);
});
</script>



</body>
</html>