<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!--> <html lang="en" class="no-js section-us format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"  itemscope xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9 lt-ie10 section-us format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8 lt-ie10 lt-ie9 section-us format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (lt IE 8)]> <html lang="en" class="no-js lt-ie10 lt-ie9 lt-ie8 section-us format-medium tone-news app-article page-theme-standard has-top-ad type-size-small has-large-lede" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <![endif]-->
<head>
    <title>How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes - The New York Times</title>
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static01.nyt.com/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-ipad-144x144.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-iphone-114x144.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/ios-default-homescreen-57x57.png" />
<meta name="sourceApp" content="nyt-v5" />
<meta id="applicationName" name="applicationName" content="article" />
<meta id="foundation-build-id" name="foundation-build-id" content="" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<link rel="alternate" media="handheld" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<meta property="al:android:url" content="nytimes://reader/id/100000005434265" />
<meta property="al:android:package" content="com.nytimes.android" />
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nytimes.android" />
<meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nytimes://reader/id/100000005434265" />
<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://com.nytimes.android/nytimes/reader/id/100000005434265" />
<meta property="al:iphone:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<meta property="al:iphone:app_store_id" content="284862083" />
<meta property="al:iphone:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta property="al:ipad:url" content="nytimes://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<meta property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="357066198" />
<meta property="al:ipad:app_name" content="NYTimes" />
<meta name="robots" content="noarchive" />
<meta itemprop="alternativeHeadline" name="hdl_p" content="When Millions Lost Power, Internet Hummed Along" />
<meta name="channels" content="" />
<meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm." />
<meta name="genre" itemprop="genre" content="News" />
<meta itemprop="identifier" name="articleid" content="100000005434265" />
<meta itemprop="usageTerms" name="usageTerms" content="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/sale/terms-of-sale.html" />
<meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-US" />
<meta name="hdl" content="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes" />
<meta name="col" content="" id="column-name" />
<meta name="pdate" content="20170918" />
<meta name="utime" content="20170919044803" />
<meta name="ptime" content="20170918050023" />
<meta name="DISPLAYDATE" content="Sept. 18, 2017" />
<meta name="dat" content="Sept. 18, 2017" />
<meta name="lp" content="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm." />
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://www.nytimes.com" />
<meta name="cre" content="The New York Times" />
<meta name="slug" content="19datacenters" />
<meta property="article:collection" content="https://static01.nyt.com/services/json/sectionfronts/us/index.jsonp" />
<meta name="sectionfront_jsonp" content="https://static01.nyt.com/services/json/sectionfronts/us/index.jsonp" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:title" content="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes" />
<meta property="og:description" content="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm." />
<meta property="article:published" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-09-18T05:00:23-04:00" />
<meta property="article:modified" itemprop="dateModified" content="2017-09-19T04:48:03-04:00" />
<meta property="article:section" itemprop="articleSection" content="U.S." />
<meta property="article:section-taxonomy-id" itemprop="articleSection" content="23FD6C8B-62D5-4CEA-A331-6C2A9A1223BE" />
<meta property="article:section_url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us" />
<meta property="article:top-level-section" content="us" />
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="9869919170" />
<meta name="twitter:site" value="@nytimes" />
<meta property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" />
<meta property="twitter:title" content="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes" />
<meta property="twitter:description" content="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm." />
<meta name="author" content="James Glanz" />
<meta name="tone" content="news" id="article-tone" />
<meta name="byl" content="By JAMES GLANZ" />
<meta name="PT" content="article" />
<meta name="CG" content="us" />
<meta name="SCG" content="" />
<meta name="PST" content="News" />
<meta name="tom" content="News" />
<meta name="edt" content="NewYork" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-facebookJumbo.jpg" />
<meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Rain from Hurricane Harvey last month pummeling the Skybox data center west of Houston." />
<meta property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:card" value="summary_large_image" />
<meta property="article:author" content="https://www.nytimes.com/by/james-glanz" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" value="jamesglanz" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Computers and the Internet" />
<meta name="des" content="Computers and the Internet" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Hurricanes and Tropical Storms" />
<meta name="des" content="Hurricanes and Tropical Storms" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Data Centers" />
<meta name="des" content="Data Centers" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Floods" />
<meta name="des" content="Floods" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Hurricane Irma (2017)" />
<meta name="des" content="Hurricane Irma (2017)" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Hurricane Harvey (2017)" />
<meta name="des" content="Hurricane Harvey (2017)" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Houston (Tex)" />
<meta name="geo" content="Houston (Tex)" />
<meta property="article:tag" content="Miami (Fla)" />
<meta name="geo" content="Miami (Fla)" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Computers and the Internet,Hurricanes and Tropical Storms,Data Centers,Floods,Hurricane Irma (2017),Hurricane Harvey (2017),Houston (Tex),Miami (Fla)" />
<meta name="news_keywords" content="Computers and the Internet,Hurricanes,Data center,Flood,Hurricane Irma,Hurricane Harvey,Houston,Miami" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-thumbLarge.jpg" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150_height" content="150" />
<meta name="thumbnail_150_width" content="150" />
<meta itemprop="thumbnailUrl" name="thumbnail" content="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-thumbStandard.jpg" />
<meta name="thumbnail_height" content="75" />
<meta name="thumbnail_width" content="75" />
<meta name="dfp-ad-unit-path" content="us" />
<meta name="dfp-amazon-enabled" content="false" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/json/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F18%2Fus%2Fharvey-irma-internet.html" title="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="5281959998" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1002391179791389" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="105307012882667" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="123334484346296" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="142271415829971" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1453472561556218" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="153491058028703" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1545690368981813" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="1606969219532748" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="173455642668373" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="176999952314969" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="181548405298864" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="340711315527" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="5518834980" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="689907071131476" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="751965821517958" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="8254939527" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="98934992430" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="993603507345855" />
    
            <link id="legacy-zam5nzz" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://typeface.nyt.com/css/zam5nzz.css" media="all" />
    <!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!-->
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/css/article/story/styles.css" />
    <!--<![endif]-->
    <!--[if lte IE 9]>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/css/article/story/styles-ie.css" />
    <![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/css/article/story/styles-print.css" />
                <!--  begin abra  -->
<script>
var NYTD=NYTD||{};NYTD.Abra=function(t){"use strict";function n(t){var n=i[t];return n&&n[1]||null}function e(t,n){if(t){var e,o,r=n[0],i=n[1],u=0,c=0;if(1!==i.length||4294967296!==i[0])for(e=a(t+" "+r)>>>0,u=0,c=0;o=i[u++];)if(e<(c+=o[0]))return o}}function o(n,e,o,a){s+="subject="+n+"&test="+encodeURIComponent(e)+"&variant="+encodeURIComponent(o||0)+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(t.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n",a&&f.push(a),c||(c=t.setTimeout(r,0))}function r(){var n=new t.XMLHttpRequest,e=f;n.withCredentials=!0,n.open("POST",u),n.onreadystatechange=function(){var t,o;if(4==n.readyState)for(t=200==n.status?null:new Error(n.statusText);o=e.shift();)o(t)},n.send(s),s="",f=[],c=null}function a(t){for(var n,e,o,r,a,i,u,c=0,s=0,f=[],l=[n=1732584193,e=4023233417,~n,~e,3285377520],h=[],p=t.length;s<=p;)h[s>>2]|=(s<p?t.charCodeAt(s):128)<<8*(3-s++%4);for(h[u=p+8>>2|15]=p<<3;c<=u;c+=16){for(n=l,s=0;s<80;n=[0|[(i=((t=n[0])<<5|t>>>27)+n[4]+(f[s]=s<16?~~h[c+s]:i<<1|i>>>31)+1518500249)+((e=n[1])&(o=n[2])|~e&(r=n[3])),a=i+(e^o^r)+341275144,i+(e&o|e&r|o&r)+882459459,a+1535694389][0|s++/20],t,e<<30|e>>>2,o,r])i=f[s-3]^f[s-8]^f[s-14]^f[s-16];for(s=5;s;)l[--s]=l[s]+n[s]|0}return l[0]}var i,u,c,s="",f=[];return n.init=function(n,r){var a,c,s,f,l,h=[],p=(t.document.cookie.match(/(^|;) *nyt-a=([^;]*)/)||[])[2],d=(t.document.cookie.match(/(^|;) *ab7=([^;]*)/)||[])[2],m=new RegExp("[?&]abra(=([^&#]*))"),g=m.exec(t.location.search);if(g&&g[2]&&(d=d?g[2]+"&"+d:g[2]),i)throw new Error("can't init twice");if(u=r,i={},d)for(d=decodeURIComponent(d).split("&"),a=0;a<d.length;a++)l=d[a].split("="),l[0]in i||(i[l[0]]=[,l[1],1],o("ab-alloc",l[0],l[1]),l[1]&&h.push(l[0]+"="+l[1]));for(a=0;a<n.length;a++)s=n[a],(c=s[0])in i||(f=e(p,s)||[],i[c]=f,f[1]&&h.push(c.replace(/[^\w-]/g)+"="+(""+f[1]).replace(/[^\w-]/g)),f[2]&&o("ab-alloc",c,f[1]));h.length&&t.document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-nyt-ab",h.join(" "))},n.reportExposure=function(n,e){var r=i[n];r&&r[2]?o("ab-expose",n,r[1],e):e&&t.setTimeout(function(){e(null)},0)},n}(this);
</script>
<script>NYTD.Abra.init([["www-story-reader-satisfaction",[[21474837,"Control",1],[21474836,"VariantA",1],[4252017623,null,0]]],["www-signup-favor-test",[[2147483648,"0",1],[2147483648,"1",1]]],["www-fixed-nav-subscribe-test",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-ad-diagnostic",[[21474837,"1",0],[4273492459,null,0]]],["www-fabrik-off",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-auto-newsletter",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-STORY_3bundlePayflow-v3",[[4294967296,"1",1]]],["www-STRIK-nl-regi",[[1434519077,"control",1],[1430224110,"1",1],[1430224109,"2",1],[0,null,0]]],["www-indexAsHeaderBidder",[[4294967296,"2",1]]],["abra_dfp",[[3865470567,"control",1],[429496729,"test",1]]],["EC_SampleTest",[[2147483648,"variantA",0],[2147483648,"variantB",0]]]], '//et.nytimes.com/')</script>
<!--  end abra  -->

<script>
/* ABRA reporting for Vi rollout. Please don't hand-edit this minified snippet. <https://github.com/nytm/vi-rollout-abra-reporting-js> (6abdd06 @ Wed Feb  7 15:26:18 EST 2018) */ function reportViRolloutToABRA(t,e,o){"use strict";var i,a,n,r,s="";if(e&&(/^mobile\./.test(window.location.hostname)?(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vi=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],a=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *nyt\.np\.vi=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],n=/^b1/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=vi":/^z1/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=0":/^a2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=hp-st":/^b2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=hp":/^c2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=st":/^z2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi2&variant=0":/^1\|/.test(a)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=vi":/^2\|/.test(a)?"WP_ProjectVi&variant=0":null):/^www\./.test(window.location.hostname)&&(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vi_www_hp=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],n=/^a2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-st":/^b2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp":/^c2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=st":/^d2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-2":/^e2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-serv":/^f2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=hp-orig":/^y2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=0-2":/^z2/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_www_hp&variant=0":null),n&&(s+="subject=ab-alloc&test="+n+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n")),o&&(/^mobile\./.test(window.location.hostname)?(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vistorymobile=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],r=/^a/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=st":/^b/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=sth":/^c/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=mw":/^z/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_Story_Mobile&variant=mwh":null):/^www\./.test(window.location.hostname)&&(i=(document.cookie.match(/(?:^|;) *vistory=([^;]*)/)||[,""])[1],r=/^a/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=sd":/^b/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=sdh":/^c/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=nyt5":/^z/.test(i)?"WP_ProjectVi_story_desktop&variant=nyt5h":null),r&&(s+="subject=ab-alloc&test="+r+"&url="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)+"&instant=1&skipAugment=true\n")),s){var _=new XMLHttpRequest;_.withCredentials=!0,_.open("POST",t),_.send(s)}}
</script>
<script>
  reportViRolloutToABRA(
    '//et.nytimes.com/',
    false,
    true  );
</script>
                <script id="page-config-data" type="text/json">
{"pageconfig":{"ledeMediaSize":"large","keywords":["article-medium"],"collections":{"sections":["us","technology"]}}}</script>
<script id="display_overrides">
            []    </script>

			    <script type="text/javascript">
        (function() {
            var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
            var mediaDotNet = 'https://contextual.media.net/bidexchange.js?cid=8CU2553YN&amp;https=1';
            var indexBid = 'https://js-sec.indexww.com/ht/p/183760-203795517182556.js';
            var timeout = 300;

            function loadScript(tagSrc) {
                if (tagSrc.substr(0, 4) !== 'http') {
                    var isSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;
                    tagSrc = (isSSL ? 'https:' : '') + tagSrc;
                }
                var scriptTag = document.createElement('script'),
                    placeTag = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
                scriptTag.type = 'text/javascript';
                scriptTag.async = true;
                scriptTag.src = tagSrc;
                s.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptTag, s);
            }

            function loadGPT() {
                if (!window.advBidxc.isAdServerLoaded) {
                    loadScript('//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js');
                    window.advBidxc.isAdServerLoaded = true;
                }
            }

            window.advBidxc = window.advBidxc || {};
            window.advBidxc.renderAd = function () {};
            window.advBidxc.startTime = new Date().getTime();
            window.advBidxc.customerId = "8CU2553YN"; //Media.net Customer ID
            window.advBidxc.timeout = 300;
            window.advBidxc.loadGPT = setTimeout(loadGPT, window.advBidxc.timeout);

            // append index
            var a = document.createElement("script");
            a.type = "text/javascript";
            a.async = true;
            a.src = indexBid;
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(a, s);

            // append media.net
            var b = document.createElement("script");
            b.type = "text/javascript";
            b.async = true;
            b.src = mediaDotNet;
            s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);
        })();
    </script>

    <!-- Amazon Bidder version 2 Initialization Script -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
        //Load the ApsTag JavaScript Library
        !function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js");

        apstag.init({
            pubID: '3030',
            adServer: 'googletag'
        });
    </script>


	<script type="text/json" id="trending-link-json">
	</script>

<!--esi
<script id="user-info-data" type="application/json">
<esi:include src="/svc/web-products/userinfo-v3.json" />
</script>
-->
<script id="magnum-feature-flags" type="application/json">["limitFabrikSave","moreFollowSuggestions","unfollowComments","scoopTool","videoVHSCover","videoVHSShareTools","videoVHSLive","videoVHSNewControls","videoVHSEmbeddedOnly","allTheEmphases","freeTrial","dedupeWhatsNext","trendingPageLinks","sprinklePaidPost","headerBidder","standardizeWhatsNextCollection","onlyLayoutA","simple","simpleExtendedByline","collectionsWhatsNext","mobileMediaViewer","podcastInLede","MovieTickets","MoreInSubsectionFix","seriesIssueMarginalia","serverSideCollectionUrls","multipleBylines","fabrikWebsocketsOnly","translationLinks","papihttps","verticalFullBleed","updateRestaurantReservations","mapDining","newsletterInlineModule","PersonalizationApiUpdate","apsTagEnabled","removeInternationalEdition","headlineBalancer","clientSideABRA","newsletterTitleTracking","surveyInterstitial","removeFBMessengerPromo","removeMarginaliaAbTest","paidpostSprinklingFix","abraOverrideVersion","headlineBalancerEverywhere","signupFavor","lazyloadOakImages","mapleFreeTrial","adQuerySupportForMultipleUserAddedKeywords","removeSectionDependentAdLogicForJanuary","oakUpdateAdStride","autoPlaceNewsletter","piiBlockDFP","adExclusiveIERibbonCheck","FlexAdDoubleHeightTracking","didScroll","supportedByAdFullBleed","anchorsHttps","oakBylineMargin","TopFlexAdSiteWide","BundlePayFlow","loadArticleOptimizely","oakStyleTouchups","oakBasicHeader","serveOakOnVI","opinionHeadline","indexAsHeaderBidder","newsletterRegiTest","bookReviewBuyButton","caslOpt","sectionBasedAmp","abraInCustomParams","jkiddScript","blueKai","showNewDealbookLogo","commentsUserDataUpdateDisabled","tMagazineFontTest"]</script>
<script>
var require = {
    baseUrl: 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/',
    waitSeconds: 20,
    paths: {
        'foundation': 'article/20180214-183910/js/foundation',
        'shared': 'article/20180214-183910/js/shared',
        'article': 'article/20180214-183910/js/article',
        'application': 'article/20180214-183910/js/article/story',
        'videoFactory': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js2/build/video/2.0/videofactoryrequire',
        'videoPlaylist': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js2/build/video/players/extended/2.0/appRequire',
        'auth/mtr': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js/mtr',
        'auth/growl': 'https://static01.nyt.com/js/auth/growl/default',
        'vhs': 'https://static01.nyt.com/video/vhs/build/vhs-2.x.min',
        'vhs3': 'https://static01.nyt.com/video-static/vhs3/vhs.min'
    },
    map: {
        '*': {
            'story/main': 'article/story/main'
        }
    }
};
</script>
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]> <!-->
<script data-main="foundation/main" src="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/js/foundation/lib/framework.js"></script>
<!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script>
    require.map['*']['foundation/main'] = 'foundation/legacy_main';
</script>
<script data-main="foundation/legacy_main" src="https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/js/foundation/lib/framework.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
    <script>
    require(['foundation/main'], function () {
        require(['auth/mtr', 'auth/growl']);
    });
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    
    <style>
    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions {
        display: block !important;
        height: 50px;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .message-bed {
        background-color: #f8e9d2;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .message-container {
        padding: 11px 18px 11px 30px;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .action-link {
        font-family: "nyt-franklin", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-size: 10px;
        font-weight: bold;
        color: #a81817;
        text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .messenger.suggestions .alert-icon {
        background: url('https://static01.nyt.com/images/icons/icon-alert-12x12-a81817.png') no-repeat;
        width: 12px;
        height: 12px;
        display: inline-block;
        margin-top: -2px;
        float: none;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .masthead,
    .lt-ie10 .navigation,
    .lt-ie10 .comments-panel {
        margin-top: 50px !important;
    }

    .lt-ie10 .ribbon {
        margin-top: 97px !important;
    }
</style>
<div id="suggestions" class="suggestions messenger nocontent robots-nocontent" style="display:none;">
    <div class="message-bed">
        <div class="message-container last-message-container">
            <div class="message">
                <span class="message-content">
                    <i class="icon alert-icon"></i><span class="message-title">NYTimes.com no longer supports Internet Explorer 9 or earlier. Please upgrade your browser.</span>
                    <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/content/help/site/ie9-support.html" class="action-link">LEARN MORE »</a>
                </span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

    <div id="shell" class="shell">
    <header id="masthead" class="masthead masthead-theme-standard" role="banner">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="quick-navigation button-group">
            <button class="button sections-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Sections</span></button>
            <button class="button home-button" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/" title="Go to the home page to see the latest top stories."><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                <span class="button-text">Home</span>
            </button>
            <button class="button search-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Search</span></button>
            <a class="button skip-button skip-to-content visually-hidden focusable" href="#story-header">Skip to content</a>
                        <a class="button skip-button skip-to-navigation visually-hidden focusable" href="#site-index-navigation">Skip to navigation</a>
                                    <a class="button skip-button skip-to-mobile visually-hidden focusable" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html">View mobile version</a>
                    </div><!-- close button-group -->
        <div class="branding">
            <h2 class="branding-heading">
                <a id="branding-heading-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/">
                    <span class="visually-hidden">The New York Times</span>
                </a>
            </h2>
            <script>window.magnum.writeLogo('small', 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/images/foundation/logos/', 'us', 'masthead-theme-standard', 'standard', 'branding-heading-link', 'article');</script>
        </div><!-- close branding -->
                <div class="story-meta">
            <h6 class="kicker"><span class="kicker-label"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us">U.S.</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span>How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes</h6>
        </div><!-- close story-meta -->
        <div class="user-tools">
            <div id="Bar1" class="ad bar1-ad nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
<div id="liftoff-nyt5-bar1" class="hidden"></div>
            <div id="sharetools-masthead" aria-label="tools" role="group" class="sharetools theme-classic  sharetools-masthead  "
data-shares="facebook,twitter,email,show-all,save"
data-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html"
data-title="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes"
data-author="By JAMES GLANZ"
data-media="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-jumbo.jpg"
data-description="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm."
	data-publish-date="September 18, 2017"
>
<div class="ad sharetools-inline-article-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
</div>
</div><!-- close shareTools -->
            <button class="button search-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Search</span></button>
            <div class="user-tools-button-group button-group">
                <button class="button subscribe-button hidden" data-href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp3004.html?campaignId=4XUYF">Subscribe Now</button>
                <button class="button login-button login-modal-trigger hidden">Log In</button>
                                                <button class="button notifications-button hidden"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">0</span></button>
                <button class="button user-settings-button"><i class="icon sprite-icon"></i><span class="button-text">Settings</span></button>
            </div><!-- close user-tools-button-group -->
        </div><!-- close user-tools -->
    </div><!-- close container -->
    <div class="search-flyout-panel flyout-panel">
    <button class="button close-button" type="button"><i class="icon"></i><span class="visually-hidden">Close search</span></button>
    <nav class="search-form-control form-control layout-horizontal">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Search Navigation</h2>
    <form class="search-form" role="search">
        <div class="control">
            <div class="label-container visually-hidden">
                                <label for="search-input">Search NYTimes.com</label>
                            </div>
            <div class="field-container">
                                <input id="search-input" name="search-input" type="text" class="search-input text" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search NYTimes.com" />
                
                <button type="button" class="button clear-button" tabindex="-1" aria-describedby="clear-search-input"><i class="icon"></i><span id="clear-search-input" class="visually-hidden">Clear this text input</span></button>
                <div class="auto-suggest" style="display: none;">
                    <ol></ol>
                </div>
                <button class="button submit-button" type="submit">Go</button>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
    </form>
</nav>


</div><!-- close flyout-panel -->
    <div id="notification-modals" class="notification-modals"></div>
<span class="story-short-url"><a href="https://nyti.ms/2jD3zzn">https://nyti.ms/2jD3zzn</a></span></header>
            <nav id="ribbon" class="ribbon ribbon-start nocontent robots-nocontent" aria-hidden="true">
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
        <ol class="ribbon-menu">
            <li class="collection ribbon-loader">
                <div class="loader loader-t-logo-32x32-ecedeb-ffffff"><span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span></div>
            </li>
        </ol>
        <div class="ribbon-navigation-container">
            <nav class="ribbon-navigation next">
                <span class="visually-hidden">See next articles</span>
                <div class="arrow arrow-right">
                    <div class="arrow-conceal"></div>
                </div>
            </nav>
            <nav class="ribbon-navigation previous">
                <span class="visually-hidden">See previous articles</span>
                <div class="arrow arrow-left">
                    <div class="arrow-conceal"></div>
                </div>
            </nav>
        </div>
    </div><!-- close nocontent -->
</nav>

<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
    var ribbon;
    if (window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('adAggro') !== -1 &&
        (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== 'control' &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== null &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== 'null' &&
        window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') !== '')) {
        ribbon = document.querySelector('#ribbon');
        if (ribbon && ribbon.parentNode) {
            ribbon.parentNode.removeChild(ribbon);
        }
    }
})();
</script>
        <nav id="navigation" class="navigation">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Navigation</h2>
</nav><!-- close navigation -->

<nav id="mobile-navigation" class="mobile-navigation hidden">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Mobile Navigation</h2>
</nav><!-- close mobile-navigation -->

    <div id="navigation-edge" class="navigation-edge"></div>
    <div id="page" class="page">
        <div id="TopAd" class="ad top-ad nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
</div>

        <main id="main" class="main" role="main">
        <article id="story" class="story theme-main   ">

    <div id='TragedyAd' class='ad tragedy-ad nocontent robots-nocontent'></div>

                        
    <header id="story-header" class="story-header">
                                <div id="story-meta" class="story-meta ">
                            <div class="supported-by hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
                    <span class="ad-label">Supported by</span>
                    <div id="supported-by-ad" class="supported-by-ad ad"></div>
                </div>
                                        <h3 id="kicker" class="kicker" role="kicker">
                                                                                            <span class="kicker-label"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us">U.S.</a></span>
                                                                                                                                                                    </h3>
                        			<h1 itemprop="headline" id="headline" class="headline">How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes</h1>
	                                                <div id="story-meta-footer" class="story-meta-footer">
                                                                                                    

<p class="byline-dateline"><span class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"  itemid="https://www.nytimes.com/by/james-glanz">By <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/james-glanz" title="More Articles by JAMES GLANZ"><span class="byline-author" data-byline-name="JAMES GLANZ" itemprop="name" data-twitter-handle="jamesglanz">JAMES GLANZ</span></a></span><time class="dateline" datetime="2017-09-19T04:48:03-04:00" itemprop="dateModified" content="2017-09-19T04:48:03-04:00">SEPT. 18, 2017</time>
</p>

                                    <div class="story-meta-footer-sharetools">
                        <div id="sharetools-story-meta-footer" aria-label="tools" role="group" class="sharetools theme-classic  sharetools-story-meta-footer  "
data-shares="facebook,twitter,email,show-all,save"
data-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html"
data-title="How the Internet Kept Humming During 2 Hurricanes"
data-author="By JAMES GLANZ"
data-media="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-jumbo.jpg"
data-description="While millions lost electricity across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded in Miami and Texas, the data centers powering the internet held firm."
	data-publish-date="September 18, 2017"
>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
<span class="sharetools-label visually-hidden">Share This Page</span>
<div class="ad sharetools-inline-article-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent">
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
</div><!-- close shareTools -->
                                                                                                </div>
                            </div><!-- close story-meta-footer -->
        </div><!-- close story-meta -->
    </header>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        if (
            window.magnum
            && window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('headlineBalancer') > 0
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer.initialize
            && window.magnum.headlineBalancer.shouldRun()
        ) {
            window.magnum.headlineBalancer.initialize();
        }
    </script>

        
    <div class="story-body-supplemental">
    <div class="story-body story-body-1">
        <figure id="media-100000005434364" class="media photo lede layout-large-horizontal" data-media-action="modal" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-master768.jpg" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" aria-label="media" role="group">
    <span class="visually-hidden">Photo</span>
    <div class="image">
            <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-master768.jpg" alt="" class="media-viewer-candidate" data-mediaviewer-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-superJumbo.jpg" data-mediaviewer-caption="Rain from Hurricane Harvey last month pummeling the Skybox data center west of Houston." data-mediaviewer-credit="Skybox Datacenters"  itemprop="url" itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/19/us/19Datacenters-1/19Datacenters-1-master768.jpg"/>
            <meta itemprop="height" content="576" />
            <meta itemprop="width" content="768" />
    </div>
        <figcaption class="caption" itemprop="caption description">
                <span class="caption-text">Rain from Hurricane Harvey last month pummeling the Skybox data center west of Houston.</span>
                        <span class="credit" itemprop="copyrightHolder">
            <span class="visually-hidden">Credit</span>
            Skybox Datacenters        </span>
            </figcaption>
    </figure>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function () {
        var figure, fragment, storyHeader;
        var html, header, headline, storyMeta, mediaActionOverlay, supportedBy;
        var story = document.getElementById('story');
        var adAggro = window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('adAggro') !== -1 &&
            (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-10' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-8' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-6' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-pro-agro') === 'pro-4');
        var adAggro2 = window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('story1427AdAggro') !== -1 &&
            (window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-10' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-8' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-6' ||
            window.NYTD.Abra('www-story-1427-ad-aggro') === 'pro-4');

        if ((adAggro || adAggro2) &&
            document.documentElement.className.indexOf('article-has-layout-large-horizontal') === -1
        ) {
                // only run this test if it's large or jumbo horizontal lede media
                figure = document.querySelectorAll('.lede.photo')[0];
                if (figure.className.indexOf('layout-large-horizontal') === -1 && figure.className.indexOf('layout-jumbo-horizontal') === -1) {
                    require(['foundation/main'], function (main) {
                        require(['foundation/tracking/tracking-mixin'], function (tracking) {
                            tracking.trackingTriggerRaw(
                                'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                {
                                    'module': 'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                    'region': 'not-running-pro-topper-ad-test'
                                },
                                'interaction'
                            );
                        });
                    });

                    return;
                }
                document.documentElement.className += ' article-has-layout-large-horizontal';

                // delete supported by
                supportedBy = document.querySelectorAll('.supported-by')[0];
                if (supportedBy) {
                        supportedBy.parentNode.removeChild(supportedBy);
                }

                fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); // this will be the top ad
                fragment.appendChild(document.getElementById('TopAd'));

                storyHeader = document.getElementById('story-header');
                if (storyHeader.nextSibling) {
                  storyHeader.parentNode.insertBefore(fragment, storyHeader.nextSibling);
                }
                else {
                  storyHeader.parentNode.appendChild(fragment);
                }

                document.getElementById('TopAd').style.display = 'block';
                document.getElementById('TopAd').style.marginBottom = '45px';
        } // end ad if


        if ((adAggro || adAggro2) &&
            document.documentElement.className.indexOf('article-has-layout-large-horizontal') !== -1
        ) {

                html = document.documentElement;
                header = document.getElementById('story-header');
                figure = document.querySelectorAll('.lede.photo')[0];
                headline = document.getElementById('headline');
                storyMeta = document.getElementById('story-meta');

                mediaActionOverlay = figure.getElementsByClassName("media-action-overlay")[0];

                html.className += ' has-cover-media';

                story.className += " has-headline-image-topper bleed-align-left";

                header.appendChild(figure);

            if (window.magnum.getFlags().indexOf('story1427AdAggroTracking') !== -1) {
                require(['foundation/main'], function (main) {
                    require(['foundation/tracking/tracking-mixin'], function (tracking) {
                        tracking.trackingTriggerRaw(
                            'running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                            {
                                'module': 'running-pro-topper-ad-test',
                                'region': 'running-pro-topper-ad-test'
                            },
                            'interaction'
                        );
                    });
                });
            }

        }
})();
</script>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="315" data-total-count="315">At one node of the industrial backbone that keeps the internet running, employees sheltered from the worst of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/us/irma-jacksonville-naples.html">Hurricane Irma</a> in a stairwell of a seven-story building in downtown Miami. When the power had gone out, diesel generators instantly kicked in to keep the lights on and prevent the internet from going down.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="174" data-total-count="489">In Houston, at another of these nodes, called data centers, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/climate/how-hurricane-harvey-became-so-destructive.html">Hurricane Harvey</a> pushed waters so high that a live fish flopped in a loading dock, but the physical defenses held.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="266" data-total-count="755">Yet another data center, west of Houston, was so well prepared for the storm — with backup generators, bunks and showers — that employees’ displaced family members took up residence and United States marshals used it as a headquarters until the weather passed.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="148" data-total-count="903">“It wasn’t Noah’s ark, but it was darn close,” said Rob Morris, managing partner and co-founder of Skybox, the company that runs the center.</p><div id="story-ad-1" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="460" data-total-count="1363" id="story-continues-1">For all their seeming immateriality, the internet and the cloud rely on a vast industrial infrastructure consisting of data centers linked through a sprawling network of fiber optics. The facilities are stacked with servers — boxlike computers that crunch the data for everything from hospitals, law enforcement agencies and banks to news websites, email and weather reports — that cannot be without electricity and cooling for even a fraction of a second.</p>        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-2">Continue reading the main story</a>
    </div><!-- close story-body -->
    <div class="supplemental first" id="supplemental-1">
    </div><!-- close supplemental -->
</div><!-- close story-body-supplemental -->
<div class="story-interrupter" id="story-continues-2">
    <div id="FlexAd" class="ad flex-ad nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-3">Continue reading the main story</a>
    <div class="flex-ad-creative"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="story-body-supplemental">
    <div class="story-body story-body-2">
        <p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="214" data-total-count="1577" id="story-continues-3">Yet even as millions of people <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/us/power-fpl-outage-storm.html?mcubz=0">lost power</a> across Florida, and thousands of homes and businesses were flooded out in Miami and Texas, the heavy digital machinery at the heart of the internet and the cloud held firm.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="331" data-total-count="1908">Though the storm disabled some cellphone towers and local connections, Jeff Eassey, a manager for Digital Realty who hunkered down in the Miami building, said the center never stopped processing and transmitting data. It lost utility power around 8:30 a.m. on Sunday, Sept. 10, but supplied its own electricity with the generators.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="324" data-total-count="2232">When the storm eased and he walked outside, Mr. Eassey said, he immediately saw the effect that Digital Realty and other data centers had by keeping the servers going. “Everyone was talking on their phones, searching on their phones, and commerce that uses the internet to do their business was up and running,” he said.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="201" data-total-count="2433">A list of Digital Realty’s top customers shows why those operations are so important: Clients include IBM, Facebook, CenturyLink, Oracle, Yahoo, Morgan Stanley, AT&amp;T and JPMorgan Chase, among others.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="369" data-total-count="2802">Inside the centers, the drill during a natural disaster can be overwhelming. One company, EdgeConneX, lost utility power for three days at a Miami data center, two days at a center in Jacksonville, Fla., and two days at an Atlanta location. But Rich Werner, director of operations at the company, said that backup generators turned on and service was never interrupted.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="181" data-total-count="2983">“Data center operations, to me, is 362 days of boredom,” Mr. Werner said. “And then you get these hurricanes coming through, and it’s three days of pulling your hair out.”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="144" data-total-count="3127">There are no legal standards for data centers unless they house servers for clients like government agencies, which require special protections.</p><div id="story-ad-2" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-4">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="442" data-total-count="3569" id="story-continues-4">But a professional organization, the Seattle-based Uptime Institute, rates the facilities on four tiers of resiliency for events like storms, earthquakes and run-of-the-mill power failures — possibly one reason the internet performed creditably during the hurricanes. The institute’s engineers “go to the site and pull the plug,” said Mark Harris, senior vice president of marketing, “and to be certified, it has to keep running.”</p><div class="newsletter-signup hidden auto-newsletter variant-1-hidden " id="newsletter-promo" data-newsletter-productCode="" data-newsletter-productTitle="" aria-labeledby="newsletter-promo-heading">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="newsletter-promo-heading">Newsletter Sign Up</h2>
    <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#continues-post-newsletter">Continue reading the main story</a>
        <script type="application/json" id="auto-newsletter-rules">[{"headline":"California Today","summary":"The news and stories that matter to Californians (and anyone else interested in the state), delivered weekday mornings.","product-code":"CA","product-title":"California Today","sample-url":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/newsletters\/sample\/california-today?pgtype=subscriptionspage&version=new&contentId=CA&eventName=sample&module=newsletter-sign-up"},{"headline":"Race\/Related Newsletter","summary":"Join a deep and provocative exploration of race with New York Times journalists.","product-code":"RR","product-title":"Race Related","sample-url":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/newsletters\/sample\/race-related?pgtype=subscriptionspage&version=new&contentId=RR&eventName=sample&module=newsletter-sign-up"},{"headline":"The Interpreter Newsletter","summary":"Understand the world with sharp insight and commentary on the major news stories of the week.","product-code":"INT","product-title":"The Interpreter","sample-url":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/newsletters\/sample\/the-interpreter?pgtype=subscriptionspage&version=new&contentId=INT&eventName=sample&module=newsletter-sign-up"}]</script>
        <h3 class="headline"></h3>    <p class="summary"></p>    <form name="regilite" class="newsletter-form" method="post" autocomplete="off">
        <div class="control input-control">
            <div class="form-errors">
                <p class="error captcha-error hidden">Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box.</p>
                <p class="error invalid-email-error hidden">Invalid email address. Please re-enter.</p>
                <p class="error buffet-error hidden">You must select a newsletter to subscribe to.</p>
            </div>
            <div class="field-container">
                <input id="email" name="email" class="email-input" type="email" aria-required="true" placeholder="Enter your email address" value="">
                <button id="submit-button" type="submit" class="button submit-button">Sign Up</button>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
        <div class="control checkbox-control">
            <div class="field-container">
                <input id="special-offers" class="checkbox" type="checkbox" name="special-offers" value="MM">
            </div>
            <div class="label-container">
                <label class="checkbox-label" for="special-offers">You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services.</label>
            </div>
        </div><!-- close control -->
        <div class="g-recaptcha" id="captcha-container" data-sitekey="6LeN0R4TAAAAACwPa5WX2QYE0npOf2-2veTOm2Tp"></div>
    </form>
    <div class="messages">
        <h3 class="success-message hidden">Thank you for subscribing.</h3>
        <h3 class="error submit-error hidden">An error has occurred. Please try again later.</h3>
        <h3 class="subscriber hidden">You are already subscribed to this email.</h3>
        <p class="view-all-link hidden"><a href="/newsletters" target="_blank">View all New York Times newsletters.</a></p>
    </div><!-- close messages -->
    <ul class="footer">
                <li id="sample-newsletter-link" class="sample"><a href="" target="_blank">See Sample</a></li>
                <li class="manage-email"><a href="/mem/email.html" target="_blank">Manage Email Preferences</a></li>
        <li class="logout hidden"><a href="/logout" target="_blank">Not you?</a></li>
        <li class="privacy"><a href="/privacy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li class="contact">Opt out or <a href="/help/index.html" target="_blank">contact us</a> anytime</li>
    </ul><!-- close footer -->
    <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" async="async" defer="defer"></script>
</div>
<div id="#continues-post-newsletter"></div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="150" data-total-count="3719">“So when a hurricane or a tornado or an ice storm happens, the entire data center has been designed to withstand these external factors,” he said.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="246" data-total-count="3965">During Harvey and Irma, those measures seemed to work, said Doug Madory, director of internet analysis at Dyn, a web performance company with servers at a Miami data center. “I’m not aware of any core internet services going down,” he said.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="505" data-total-count="4470">One necessity is building above the 500-year floodplain, according to Gary Wojtaszek, president of CyrusOne, whose facilities include a data center in the mostly flooded Galleria area of Houston. The water stopped a few feet short of the building, which ran on backup power for several hours, Mr. Wojtaszek said. He added that “practically every single large oil and gas company in the world” operates servers in its data centers — an indication of how commerce of all kind relies on the facilities.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="388" data-total-count="4858">Depending on local conditions, some centers got off easier than others. In Houston facilities run by Data Foundry, automated systems worked so well that employees pooled resources and watched the Floyd Mayweather-Conor McGregor fight on pay-per-view, said Edward Henigin, the company’s chief technology officer. When everything is working, he said, “what else are they going to do?”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="356" data-total-count="5214">Everyone in the business says that extensive preparation is critical. James M. Palmieri, Digital Realty’s vice president for data center operations, said that as Irma approached the building in Miami, engineers topped off diesel generators, called Mr. Eassey down from Atlanta to direct operations and waited to see how strong the hurricane would become.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="151" data-total-count="5365">“The storm got worse,” Mr. Palmieri said, adding that at that point, “the real issue is, how do we make sure that our employees are protected?”</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="420" data-total-count="5785">Mr. Eassey said that about 14 people in the building — including employees, customers and security personnel — met in a sixth-floor conference room that Friday morning and realized that the worsening conditions, heavy traffic and overcrowded shelters in the area meant it was too late to leave. With reinforced concrete walls and heavy glass, the building was the safest place to be, they decided. The mood was calm.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="161" data-total-count="5946">“Most of these guys are seasoned Miamians,” Mr. Eassey said. “I was the out-of-towner. I would be exaggerating if I said anyone was nervous or panicked.”</p><div id="story-ad-3" class="story-ad ad ad-placeholder nocontent robots-nocontent ">
    <div class="accessibility-ad-header visually-hidden">
    <p>Advertisement</p>
</div>
<a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#story-continues-5">Continue reading the main story</a>
</div>
<p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="164" data-total-count="6110" id="story-continues-5">The peak of the storm passed over the weekend, and when the power went out, the center was ready with diesel generators and a 10,500-gallon diesel tank on the site.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="277" data-total-count="6387">In Houston’s so-called energy corridor, the Skybox campus stayed above water, Mr. Morris said. Utility power never went down. But the site was stocked with thousands of gallons of diesel fuel, as well as food and water, emergency medical kits, showers, bunk rooms and flares.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="362" data-total-count="6749">The site, which Mr. Morris calls a “modern-day fortress,” began hosting not only employees but several of their families, whose houses were flooded. Then, Mr. Morris said, the building doubled as an emergency response center for the United States marshals. He said that roughly 50 people used or stayed on the campus at one point or another during the storm.</p><p class="story-body-text story-content" data-para-count="202" data-total-count="6951">Asked if there were anything in his operations that he would change before the next storm hit, Mr. Morris did not hesitate. “We’ve decided to purchase a washer and dryer to keep on site,” he said.</p><footer class="story-footer story-content">
    <div class="story-meta">
                        
        
        <p class="story-print-citation">A version of this article appears in print on September 19, 2017, on Page A14 of the <span itemprop="printEdition">New York edition</span> with the headline: When Millions Lost Power, Internet Hummed Along. <span class="story-footer-links">  <span><a href="http://www.nytreprints.com/" target="_blank">Order Reprints</a><span class="pipe">|</span></span>  <span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/todayspaper/index.html" target="_blank">Today's Paper</a><span class="pipe">|</span></span><span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp839RF.html?campaignId=48JQY" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></span>
</span>
</p>

    </div><!-- close story-meta -->
    </footer>
        <a class="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link" href="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
    </div><!-- close story-body -->
    <div class="supplemental " id="supplemental-2">
    </div><!-- close supplemental -->
</div><!-- close story-body-supplemental -->

    
    <div class="reader-satisfaction-survey prompt feedback-prompt story-content hidden">
<a class="feedback-link" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfLW30xgZodF1qRAg80oWEGuDpW-1HHaL0g42G3SmvB2f4lCw/viewform?entry.8537735=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/us/harvey-irma-internet.html" target="_blank">
    <p class="feedback-message">We&#8217;re interested in your feedback on this page. <strong>Tell us what you think.</strong></p>
</a>
</div>

    <div id="storage-drawer" class="hidden">
        <div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="0" data-attribute-name="CombinedMarginalia" data-attribute-type="Related" data-attribute-subtype="">
    <aside class="marginalia related-combined-coverage-marginalia marginalia-item nocontent robots-nocontent" data-marginalia-type="sprinkled" role="complementary" module="Related-CombinedMarginalia">
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
                <header>
            <h2 class="module-heading">Related Coverage</h2>
        </header>
        <ul>
                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/us/irma-jacksonville-naples.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/12/us/12storm-01ALT/12storm-04-1505168297219-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Damp, Dark and Disarrayed, Florida Starts Coping With Irma’s Aftermath</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">SEPT. 11, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/climate/how-hurricane-harvey-became-so-destructive.html">

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/28/us/29CLIMATE-alpha/29CLIMATE-alpha-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
        
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">How Hurricane Harvey Became So Destructive</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 28, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>
    </a>
</article>
</li>
                                    </ul>
    </div>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="supplemental-sub-item" data-attribute-position="1" data-attribute-name="PaidPost" data-attribute-type="PaidPost" data-attribute-subtype="">
    <aside id='middle-right-paid-post-container' class='ad middle-right-ad paid-post-ad marginalia-item hidden nocontent robots-nocontent'>
    <h2 class='marginalia-heading'></h2>
    <ul class='story-menu'>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost1' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost2' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost3' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
        <li id='MiddleRightPaidPost4' class='story-menu-item ad'></li>
    </ul>
</aside>
</div>
    </div>

</article>
<section id="related-combined-coverage" class="related-combined-coverage nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <header class="section-header">
        <h2 class="section-heading">Related Coverage</h2>
    </header>
    <div class="section-body">
        <ol class="story-menu menu">
                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/us/irma-jacksonville-naples.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">Damp, Dark and Disarrayed, Florida Starts Coping With Irma’s Aftermath</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">SEPT. 11, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/09/12/us/12storm-01ALT/12storm-04-1505168297219-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                                                <li><article class="story theme-summary ">
    <a class="story-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/climate/how-hurricane-harvey-became-so-destructive.html">
        <div class="story-body">
                        <h2 class="headline">
                <span class="title">How Hurricane Harvey Became So Destructive</span>
                                    <time class="dateline">AUG. 28, 2017</time>
                                            </h2>
        </div>

                    <div class="thumb">
                <img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/08/28/us/29CLIMATE-alpha/29CLIMATE-alpha-thumbStandard.jpg" role="presentation" alt="" />
                <div class="media-action-overlay"></div>
            </div>
            </a>
</article>
</li>
                                    </ol>
            </div>
</section>

<!-- While running BundlePayFlow test, hide this module if user is in test) -->
<script type="text/javascript">
            if (window.NYTD && window.NYTD.Abra && window.NYTD.Abra('www-STORY_3bundlePayflow-v3') === '1') {
            (function() {
                require(['foundation/main'], function () {
                    require(['jquery/nyt', 'foundation/models/user-data'], function ($, userData) {
                        if (!userData.hasSynced) {
                            userData.on('change', function() {
                               checkSubStatus();
                            });
                        } else {
                            checkSubStatus();
                        }

                        function checkSubStatus() {
                            if (!userData.isHomeDeliverySubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isWebSubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isMobileSubscriber() &&
                                !userData.isTabletSubscriber()) {
                                    var relatedCoverage = document.querySelector('.related-combined-coverage');
                                    if (relatedCoverage && relatedCoverage.parentNode) {
                                        relatedCoverage.parentNode.removeChild(relatedCoverage);
                                    }
                            }
                        }
                    });
                });
            })();
        }
    </script>
<aside class="module trending-module hidden nocontent robots-nocontent" data-truncate-enabled="true"></aside><section id="whats-next" class="whats-next nocontent robots-nocontent">
    <h2 class="visually-hidden">What's Next</h2>
    <div class="nocontent robots-nocontent">
        <div class="loader-container">
            <div class="loader loader-t-logo-32x32-ecedeb-ffffff"><span class="visually-hidden">Loading...</span></div>
        </div>
    </div><!-- close nocontent -->
</section>
<div id="TopAd1" class="text-ad bottom-left-ad nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
<div id="Top5" class="ad top5-ad hidden nocontent robots-nocontent"></div>
       <section class="module bundle-payflow-module">    <div class="bundle-payflow hidden"></div> <!-- end bundle-payflow -->
</section>


                    <div class="search-overlay"></div>
            </main><!-- close main -->
            <section id="site-index" class="site-index">
    <header class="section-header">
        <p class="user-action"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/">Go to Home Page &raquo;</a></p>
        <h2 class="section-heading">
            <span class="visually-hidden">Site Index</span>
            <a id="site-index-branding-link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/">
                <span class="visually-hidden">The New York Times</span>
            </a>
        </h2>
        <script>window.magnum.writeLogo('small', 'https://g1.nyt.com/assets/article/20180214-183910/images/foundation/logos/', '', '', 'standard', 'site-index-branding-link', '');</script>
    </header>

    <nav id="site-index-navigation" class="site-index-navigation" role="navigation">
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Index Navigation</h2>
        <div class="split-6-layout layout">

                                                        
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">News</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/world">World</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/us">U.S.</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/politics">Politics</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/nyregion">N.Y.</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/business">Business</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/technology">Tech</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/science">Science</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/health">Health</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/sports">Sports</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/education">Education</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/obituaries">Obituaries</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/todayspaper/index.html">Today's Paper</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/corrections">Corrections</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Opinion</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/opinion/index.html">Today's Opinion</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/columnists">Op-Ed Columnists</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/editorials">Editorials</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/contributors">Op-Ed Contributors</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/letters">Letters</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/opinion/sunday">Sunday Review</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion">Video: Opinion</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Arts</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts">Today's Arts</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/design">Art & Design</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/books">Books</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/dance">Dance</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/movies">Movies</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/music">Music</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/arts/television">Television</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/theater">Theater</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/arts">Video: Arts</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Living</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/automobiles">Automobiles</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/crosswords">Crossword</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/pages/dining/index.html">Food</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/education">Education</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/fashion">Fashion & Style</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/health">Health</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/jobs">Jobs</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/magazine">Magazine</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/realestate">Real Estate</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/t-magazine">T Magazine</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/travel">Travel</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/fashion/weddings">Weddings & Celebrations</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                                            
                    <div class="column">
                        <h3 class="menu-heading">Listings & More</h3>
                        <ul class="menu">

                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/reader-center">Reader Center</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/classifieds/">Classifieds</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/marketing/tools-and-services/">Tools & Services</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/events/">N.Y.C. Events Guide</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/section/multimedia">Multimedia</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/">Photography</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video">Video</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://store.nytimes.com/?action=click&contentCollection=NYT%20Store&contentPlacement=2&module=SectionsNav&pgtype=Homepage&region=TopBar&t=qry542&utm_campaign=NYT-HP&utm_content=hp_browsetree&utm_medium=HPB&utm_source=nytimes&version=BrowseTree">NYT Store</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/times-journeys/?utm_source=nytimes&utm_medium=HPLink&utm_content=hp_browsetree&utm_campaign=NYT-HP">Times Journeys</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/seeallnav">Subscribe</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/membercenter">Manage My Account</a>
                                    </li>

                                                                                            
                                    <li>
                                        <a href="http://www.nytco.com">NYTCo</a>
                                    </li>

                                                            
                        </ul>
                    </div><!-- close column -->

                            
            <div class="column last-column">
                
<h3 class="menu-heading">Subscribe</h3>

<ul class="menu primary-menu">
    <li class="menu-label">Subscribe</li>
    <li class="home-delivery">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                    <a class="nyt-home-delivery" href="https://www.nytimes.com/hdleftnav">Home Delivery</a>
            </li>
    <li class="digital-subscriptions">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
                    <a class="digital-subscription" href="https://www.nytimes.com/digitalleftnav">Digital Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li class="nyt-crossword last-item">
        <i class="icon sprite-icon"></i>
        <a id="nyt-crossword" href="https://www.nytimes.com/crosswords/index.html">Crossword</a>
    </li>
</ul>

<ul class="menu secondary-menu">

    <li class="email-newsletters">
        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/marketing/newsletters">Email Newsletters</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/mem/tnt.html">Alerts</a>
    </li>
    <li class="gift-subscription">
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/giftleftnav">Gift Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/corporateleftnav">Group Subscriptions</a>
            </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/educationleftnav">Education Rate</a>
            </li>

</ul>
<ul class="menu secondary-menu">
    <li>
        <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/services/mobile/index.html">Mobile Applications</a>
    </li>
    <li>
                    <a href="http://eedition.nytimes.com/cgi-bin/signup.cgi?cc=37FYY">Replica Edition</a>
            </li>
    
</ul>
            </div><!-- close column -->

        </div><!-- close split-6-layout -->

    </nav><!-- close nav -->

</section><!-- close site-index -->

            <footer id="page-footer" class="page-footer" role="contentinfo">
    <nav>
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Information Navigation</h2>
         <ul>
             <li>
                <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/copyright/copyright-notice.html" itemprop="copyrightNotice">
                    &copy; <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2018</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder provider sourceOrganization" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" itemid="http://www.nytimes.com"><span itemprop="name"> The New York Times Company</span><meta itemprop="tickerSymbol" content="NYSE NYT"/></span>
                </a>
            </li>
            <li class="visually-hidden"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com">Home</a></li>
            <li class="visually-hidden"><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch/#/">Search</a></li>
            <li class="visually-hidden">Accessibility concerns? Email us at <a href="mailto:accessibility@nytimes.com">accessibility@nytimes.com</a>. We would love to hear from you.</li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/infoservdirectory.html">Contact Us</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="http://www.nytco.com/careers">Work With Us</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="http://nytmediakit.com/">Advertise</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/privacy/policy/privacy-policy.html#pp">Your Ad Choices</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/privacy">Privacy</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/membercenter/help/agree.html" itemprop="usageTerms">Terms of Service</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item last-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/sale/terms-of-sale.html">Terms of Sale</a></li>
         </ul>
    </nav>
    <nav class="last-nav">
        <h2 class="visually-hidden">Site Information Navigation</h2>
        <ul>
            <li><a href="http://spiderbites.nytimes.com">Site Map</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/membercenter/sitehelp.html">Help</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://myaccount.nytimes.com/membercenter/feedback.html">Site Feedback</a></li>
            <li class="wide-viewport-item last-item"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/subscriptions/Multiproduct/lp5558.html?campaignId=37WXW">Subscriptions</a></li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
</footer>
        </div><!-- close page -->
    </div><!-- close shell -->
        <script src="https://tags.bluekai.com/site/50550?ret=js&limit=1" type="text/javascript" async></script>
            <script src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/3013110282/s/article_prod.js" type="text/javascript" async></script>
    <script>
require(['foundation/main'], function () {
    require(['story/main']);


         

    require(['jquery/nyt', 'foundation/views/page-manager'], function ($, pageManager) {
        if (window.location.search.indexOf('disable_tagx') > 0) {
            return;
        }
        $(document).ready(function () {
            require(['https://a1.nyt.com/analytics/json-kidd.min.js'], function () {
                pageManager.trackingFireEventQueue();
            });
        });
    });
});
</script>
<!--esi                                                                                                                    
<esi:include src="/appconfig/https/show-modal.js" />                                                                       
-->

    <div id="Inv1" class="ad inv1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Inv2" class="ad inv2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Inv3" class="ad inv3-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab1" class="ad ab1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab2" class="ad ab2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ab3" class="ad ab3-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="prop1" class="ad prop1-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="prop2" class="ad prop2-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="Anchor" class="ad anchor-ad hidden"></div>
<div id="ADX_CLIENTSIDE" class="ad adx-clientside-ad hidden"></div>
</body>
</html>
