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            <h1 class="hed" itemprop="headline">Did Climate Change Intensify Hurricane Harvey? </h1>
            
            <p class="dek" itemprop="description">“The human contribution can be up to 30 percent or so of the total rainfall coming out of the storm.”</p>
            
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        <section id="article-section-1"><p>Every so often, the worst-case scenario comes to pass.</p><p>As of Sunday afternoon, the remnants of Hurricane Harvey seem likely to exceed the worst forecasts that preceded the storm. The entire Houston metropolitan region is flooding: Interstates are under feet of water, local authorities have asked boat owners to join rescue efforts, and most of the streams and rivers near the city are in flood stage.</p><p>Some models suggest that the storm will linger over the area until Wednesday night, dumping 50 inches of water in total on Houston and the surrounding area.</p><p>“Local rainfall amounts of 50 inches would exceed any previous Texas rainfall record. The breadth and intensity of this rainfall are beyond anything experienced before,” said a statement from the National Weather Service. “Catastrophic flooding is now underway and expected to continue for several days.” (In years of weather reporting, I have never seen a statement this blunt and ominous.)</p></section><div class="ad-boxinjector-wrapper"><gpt-ad id="boxinjector1" targeting-pos="boxinjector1" class="ad ad-boxinjector" lazy-load="2" data-object-pk="1" data-object-name="boxinjector"><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[0, 0]" sizes="[[300, 250], [320, 350], [300, 350], [1, 3], [320, 520], [320, 430], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[760, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [1, 3], [768, 350], [768, 520], [640, 360], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[1010, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [970, 250], [1, 3], [768, 350], [768, 520], [640, 360], [970, 350], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[1050, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [970, 250], [1024, 350], [1, 3], [970, 350], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset></gpt-ad></div><section id="article-section-2"><p>This means that thousands of people—and perhaps tens of thousands of people—are facing a terrifying and all-too-real struggle to survive right now. In an age when the climate is changing rapidly, a natural question to ask is: What role did human-caused global warming play in strengthening this storm?</p><p>Climate scientists, who specialize in thinking about the Earth system as a whole, are often reticent to link any one weather event to global climate change. But they say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey—and the recent history of tropical cyclones worldwide—suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.</p><p>It may not be obvious why global warming has anything to do with hurricane strength. Climate change is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. These gases prevent some of the sun’s rays from bouncing back into space, trapping heat in the planetary system and raising air temperatures all over the world.</p><figure><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">As the world warms, evaporation speeds up. So on avg there's more water vapour for a storm to sweep up &amp; dump now, compared to 70 years ago. <a href="https://t.co/M4R9OFFZt9" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'0',r'538158'">https://t.co/M4R9OFFZt9</a></p>
— Katharine Hayhoe (@KHayhoe) <a href="https://twitter.com/KHayhoe/status/900810732635336705" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'1',r'538158'">August 24, 2017</a></blockquote>
</figure><p>This warmer air causes evaporation to happen faster, which can lead to more moisture in the atmosphere. But that phenomenon alone does not explain climate change’s effects on Harvey.</p><p>Storms like Harvey are helped by one of the consequences of climate change: As the air warms, some of that heat is absorbed by the ocean, which in turn raises the temperature of the sea’s upper layers.</p></section><div class="ad-boxright-wrapper" data-pos="boxright"><gpt-ad id="boxright1" targeting-pos="boxright1" class="ad ad-boxright" lazy-load="2" data-object-pk="3" data-object-name="boxright"><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[0, 0]" sizes="[[300, 250]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[1010, 0]" sizes="[[300, 250], [300, 600]]"></gpt-sizeset></gpt-ad></div><section id="article-section-3"><p>Harvey benefited from unusually toasty waters in the Gulf of Mexico. As the storm roared toward Houston last week, sea-surface waters near Texas rose to <a href="http://www.climatesignals.org/node/7158" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'2',r'538158'">between 2.7 and 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit above average</a>. These waters were some of <a href="https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/900388963185295360" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'3',r'538158'">the hottest spots of ocean surface in the world</a>. The tropical storm, feeding off this unusual warmth, was able to progress from a tropical depression to a category-four hurricane in roughly 48 hours.</p><p>“This is the main fuel for the storm,” says Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. “Although these storms occur naturally, the storm is apt to be more intense, maybe a bit bigger, longer-lasting, and with much heavier rainfalls [because of that ocean heat].”</p><p>This also suggests an explanation for one of Harvey’s strangest and scariest behaviors. The storm intensified up until the moment of landfall, achieving category-four strength hours before it slammed into the Texas coast. This is not only rare for tropical cyclones in the western Gulf of Mexico: It may be unique. In the past 30 years of records, <a href="https://twitter.com/sezick/status/901181680102322176" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'4',r'538158'">no storms west of Florida have intensified in the last 12 hours before landfall</a>.</p><aside class="pullquote instapaper_ignore">Harvey is just the kind of weird weather that scientists expect to see more of as the planet warms.</aside><p>Why do storms normally weaken—and why didn’t Harvey? As mentioned above, hurricanes feed and grow on warm ocean surface waters. But as they grow, their strong winds often pick up seawater, churning the oceans and moving the warmest waters deep below the surface. The same winds also bring newer, colder water closer to the atmosphere, which usually serves to drain energy and weaken the storm.</p><p>That didn’t happen with Harvey. The hurricane churned up water 100 or even 200 meters below the surface, said Trenberth, but this water was <em>still</em> warm—meaning that the storm could keep growing and strengthening. “Harvey was not in a good position to intensify the way it did, because it was so close to land. It’s amazing it was able to do that,” he told me.</p></section><div class="ad-boxinjector-wrapper"><gpt-ad id="boxinjector2" targeting-pos="boxinjector2" class="ad ad-boxinjector" lazy-load="2" data-object-pk="1" data-object-name="boxinjector"><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[0, 0]" sizes="[[300, 250], [320, 350], [300, 350], [1, 3], [320, 520], [320, 430], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[760, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [1, 3], [768, 350], [768, 520], [640, 360], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[1010, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [970, 250], [1, 3], [768, 350], [768, 520], [640, 360], [970, 350], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset><gpt-sizeset viewport-size="[1050, 0]" sizes="[[728, 90], [728, 350], [970, 250], [1024, 350], [1, 3], [970, 350], [760, 350], [1, 4], [1, 5]]"></gpt-sizeset></gpt-ad></div><section id="article-section-4"><p>All of this said, a storm like Harvey could have happened even if there was no climate change. Planning experts have long fretted over the possibility of a major hurricane striking Houston. Harvey is also a powerful hurricane forming in one of the most hurricane-friendly regions of the world at the peak of hurricane season. Storms similar to it would form in any climate.</p><p>But Trenberth says that the extra heat could make the storm more costly and more powerful, overpowering and eventually breaking local drainage systems.</p><p>“The human contribution can be up to 30 percent or so of the total rainfall coming out of the storm,” he said. “It may have been a strong storm, and it may have caused a lot of problems anyway—but [human-caused climate change] amplifies the damage considerably.”</p><p>More generally, it’s still unclear what effect climate change is having on hurricane formation across the greater Atlantic Ocean. A draft version of a major U.S. government review of climate science due out later this year says there is “medium confidence” that human activities “have contributed to the observed upward trend in North Atlantic hurricane activity since the 1970s.”</p><p>Houston has been ground zero for super-damaging storms lately. It has seen four 100-year flooding events since the spring of 2015, <a href="http://grist.org/article/a-texas-size-flood-threatens-the-gulf-coast-and-were-so-not-ready/" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'5',r'538158'">according to the meteorologist Eric Holthaus</a>. The city also sees 167 percent more heavy downpours than it did in the 1950s. Meanwhile, only one-sixth of its residents have federal flood insurance, though that program has <a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/article/Flood-insurance-program-deep-in-debt-costs-will-11009266.php" data-omni-click="r'article',r'link',r'6',r'538158'">struggled to adjust to the increased flooding risk</a> associated with climate change.</p><p>Yet even compared to recent storms, Harvey is unprecedented—just the kind of weird weather that scientists expect to see more of as the planet warms. Harvey has already dumped more water on Harris County than Tropical Storm Allison, the area’s previous worst-ever flooding disaster in 2001, though it has only lasted half the time of that earlier storm.</p><p>And it will keep raining. As of Sunday afternoon, Buffalo Bayou, a major river near downtown Houston, is one foot above flood stage. 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                <a href="/author/robinson-meyer/" class="author-link">Robinson Meyer</a> is an associate editor at <em>The Atlantic</em>, where he covers technology.

                
            
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        <p class="dek">Lawmakers scoffed at the president’s calls to slash funding across the government a year ago. With a new spending deal now in place, they’re likely to do so again.</p>
        
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            <p>Within the thousands of pages the White House transmitted to Congress on Monday morning as part of President Trump’s second annual budget request, there is a line that pretty much sums up the whole ritual.</p>

<p>“Many of the eliminations and reductions in this volume reflect a continuation of policies proposed in the 2018 President’s Budget that have not yet been enacted<br>
by the Congress,” the sentence reads. It’s included in the introduction of a 222-page document titled “Major Savings and Reforms.”</p>

<p>Those are all the cuts the Trump administration is proposing, and they’re going nowhere.</p>

<p>Trump again wants to take a meat cleaver to the Environmental Protection Agency, chopping its budget by one-third. He’s asking Congress to scrap entirely community-development block grants and heating assistance for low-income housing. And he wants to eliminate funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the national endowments for the Arts and the Humanities, and <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/here-are-the-independent-agencies-trump-wants-to-stop-funding/519786/">a slew of other independent agencies</a>.</p>


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        <p class="dek">In the mid-1930s, the Federal Writers’ Project interviewed thousands of former slaves, some of whom claimed the president came to their plantations disguised as a beggar or a peddler, telling them they’d soon be free.</p>
        
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            <p>The term “smart city” is interesting yet not important, because nobody defines it. “Smart” is a snazzy political label used by a modern alliance of leftist urbanites and tech industrialists. To deem yourself “smart” is to make the <span class="smallcaps">NIMBY</span>ites and market-force people look stupid.</p>

<p>Smart-city devotees all over this world will agree that London is particularly smart. Why? London is a huge, ungainly beast whose cartwheeling urban life is in cranky, irrational disarray. London is a god-awful urban mess, but London does have some of the best international smart-city conferences.</p>

<p>London also has a large urban-management bureaucracy who emit the proper smart-city buzzwords and have even invented some themselves.  The language of Smart City is always Global Business English, no matter what town you're in.</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">The NASA Space Telescope Trump Wants to Cancel</h3>
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        <p class="dek">The president’s budget proposal has some troubling news for the space agency’s next big astronomy mission.</p>
        
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            <p dir="ltr">The Trump administration has released its <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/msar-fy2019.pdf">budget proposal for fiscal year 2019</a> and put dozens of federal programs on the chopping block, including a brand-new <span class="smallcaps">NASA</span> space telescope that scientists say would provide the biggest picture of the universe yet, with the same sparkling clarity as the Hubble Space Telescope.</p>

<p dir="ltr">The proposal, released Monday, recommends eliminating the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), citing “higher priorities” at <span class="smallcaps">NASA</span> and the cost of the new telescope.</p>

<p dir="ltr">“Given competing priorities at <span class="smallcaps">NASA</span>, and budget constraints, developing another large space telescope immediately after completing the $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope is not a priority for the administration,” the proposal states. “The budget proposes to terminate WFIRST and redirect existing funds to other priorities of the science community, including completed astrophysics missions and research.”</p>


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        <p class="dek"><span><span>Its faith-based 12-step program dominates treatment in the United States. But researchers have debunked central tenets of AA doctrine and found dozens of other treatments more effective.</span></span></p>
        
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            <p><span class="smallcaps">J.G. is a lawyer</span> in his early 30s. He’s a fast talker and has the lean, sinewy build of a distance runner. His choice of profession seems preordained, as he speaks in fully formed paragraphs, his thoughts organized by topic sentences. He’s also a worrier—a big one—who for years used alcohol to soothe his anxiety.</p>

<p>J.G. started drinking at 15, when he and a friend experimented in his parents’ liquor cabinet. He favored gin and whiskey but drank whatever he thought his parents would miss the least. He discovered beer, too, and loved the earthy, bitter taste on his tongue when he took his first cold sip.</p>

<p>His drinking increased through college and into law school. He could, and occasionally did, pull back, going cold turkey for weeks at a time. But nothing quieted his anxious mind like booze, and when he didn’t drink, he didn’t sleep. After four or six weeks dry, he’d be back at the liquor store.</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">The Fetishization of Kim Yo Jong</h3>
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    <ul class="metadata">
        <li class="byline"><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="/author/krishnadev-calamur/" itemprop="url" title="Krishnadev Calamur" data-omni-click="inherit"><span itemprop="name">Krishnadev Calamur</span></a></span></li>
        

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    <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-02-12T18:08:38" />
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    <div itemprop="description" class="article-content ">
        <p class="dek">A dictator’s sister gets positive reviews at the Olympics.</p>
        
        <div class="excerpt">
            <p>Call it the diplomacy of low expectations: After Kim Jong Un’s regime spent much of the past year threatening its neighbors and the U.S. with its nuclear weapons, his sister got a surprisingly warm reception at the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. And North Korea—having sent athletes and cheerleaders to the Games as well—got the kind of publicity that should have been reserved for South Korea, which organized, paid for, and is hosting event.</p>

<p>Here are some of the recent headlines:</p>

<p><a href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-2018-northkorea-diplomacy-an/north-korea-heads-for-diplomacy-gold-medal-at-olympics-analysts-idUKKBN1FV0JV">North Korea heads for diplomacy gold medal at Olympics: analysts</a> (Reuters)</p>

<p><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/11/world/asia/kim-yo-jong-mike-pence-olympics.html">Kim Jong-un’s Sister Turns On the Charm, Taking Pence’s Spotlight</a> (<em>The New York Times</em>)</p>

<p><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/11/north-korea-cheerleaders-bring-feeling-home-winter-olympics-e/327122002/">North Korea cheerleaders making quite an impression at Winter Olympics</a> (<em>USA Today</em>)</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">The Selective Empathy of #MeToo Backlash</h3>
    </a>
    <ul class="metadata">
        <li class="byline"><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="/author/megan-garber/" itemprop="url" title="Megan Garber" data-omni-click="inherit"><span itemprop="name">Megan Garber</span></a></span></li>
        

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    <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-02-11T13:03:00" />
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    <div itemprop="description" class="article-content ">
        <p class="dek">From Donald Trump to recent op-eds, the male perspective remains—stubbornly, perniciously—the default point of view.</p>
        
        <div class="excerpt">
            <p>The tweet, as so often happens, was at once shocking and deeply predictable.</p>

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Peoples lives are being shattered and destroyed by a mere allegation. Some are true and some are false. Some are old and some are new. There is no recovery for someone falsely accused—life and career are gone. Is there no such thing any longer as Due Process?</p>
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/962348831789797381?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 10, 2018</a></blockquote>

<p></p>

<p>That was President Trump, on Saturday, ostensibly reacting to the fact that, this week, allegations of domestic abuse <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/02/new-kids-on-the-block/552911/">led to the resignations of two high-level staffers at the White House</a>. He was also, obliquely, weighing in on #MeToo. The president’s 48-word assessment of the reckoning so many Americans are painfully but productively engaged in made for rich (but thoroughly unsurprising) irony: Trump, of course, has been <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/12/what-about-the-19-women-who-accused-trump/547724/">accused of sexual impropriety by 19 women</a>—and has also been <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/10/the-trump-tapes/503417/">caught on tape</a> bragging about sexual assault, and has also boasted, <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-1994-putting-wife-work-dangerous-thing/story?id=39537935">on national television</a>, about advising friends to “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/6/2/11833912/donald-trump-1994-women-buildings-misogyny">be rougher</a>” toward their wives, and has also been elected president of the United States. His tweet is revealing both in spite and because of those facts: “<i>Peoples</i>[sic],” in the plural; <i>allegation</i>, in the singular. The <i>peoples </i>meaning the “men’s”; the <em>allegation</em>—though in its context, the diminishing adjective is redundant—being a “mere” one.</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">Photos of Carnival 2018 Around the World</h3>
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    <ul class="metadata">
        <li class="byline"><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="/author/alan-taylor/" itemprop="url" title="Alan Taylor" data-omni-click="inherit"><span itemprop="name">Alan Taylor</span></a></span></li>
        

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        <p class="dek">Images of Carnival season 2018, already underway, with celebrations in Brazil, Portugal, Hungary, Bolivia, Haiti, Spain, Italy, and more.</p>
        
        <div class="excerpt">
            <p>Carnival season 2018 is underway across Europe and the Americas. These pre-Lent festivals, often a blend of local pagan and Catholic traditions, usher out winter and welcome in spring. The largest and most famous—the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil—took place over the past few days.  Gathered here are images of Carnivals around the world, including images from Brazil, Portugal, Hungary, Bolivia, Haiti, Spain, Italy, and more. Depending on available photos, there may be a follow-up post later this week with more from Mardi Gras and other celebrations.</p>

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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">Could Netflix Be Giving Up on Prestige Films?</h3>
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        <p class="dek">The surprise release of<em> The Cloverfield Paradox</em>, along with acquisitions of other schlocky genre movies, suggests the company is leaning in to its “direct-to-video” approach.</p>
        
        <div class="excerpt">
            <p>Just a year ago, at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival, Netflix was a big player. The streaming company was a little more than a year into releasing its own original movies for its subscribers, and it was looking for prestige hits to gain a foothold as a distributor Hollywood could take seriously. It acquired one of the best-reviewed films of the festival, <em>Mudbound</em>, <a href="http://www.indiewire.com/2017/01/netflix-mudbound-sundance-film-acquisition-1201773462/">for $12.5 million</a>, and the Grand Jury Prize winner <em>I Don’t Feel at Home in This World Anymore,</em> among others. In terms of prestige, Netflix was lagging behind its competitor Amazon, which had nabbed a <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/01/how-amazon-got-a-best-picture-oscar-nomination/514325/">Best Picture nomination</a> for its major Sundance acquisition of 2016, <em>Manchester by the Sea</em>. Maybe Netflix’s new slate of indie favorites would turn things around.</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">How WeWork Has Perfectly Captured the Millennial Id</h3>
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        <p class="dek">The company sells a somewhat uneasy combination of capitalist ambition and cooperative warmth.</p>
        
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            <p class="dropcap"><span class="smallcaps">In March 2017</span>, the New York City–based editors and writers of <i>The Atlantic</i> moved to a WeWork office in Brooklyn. I remember our first morning vividly: It was like entering the Millennial id. Craft beer and cucumber water poured from kitchen taps. Laptoppers in jeans and toques clacked along to MGMT in the wood-paneled common area. A WeWork “community manager” showed us to a glass-walled office so small that my colleagues and I could clasp hands while seated. We sat. Had we arrived in the future of work?</p>

<p><i>The Atlantic</i> told us this arrangement would be temporary while our real office was renovated. As of this writing, we’re still here. If WeWork had its way, we’d stay forever, along with much of the 21st-century workforce.</p>


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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">'Don't Sneak': A Father's Command to His Gay Son in the 1950s</h3>
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        <p class="dek">In a StoryCorps animation, Patrick Haggerty remembers the remarkable advice he got from his dairy farmer dad.</p>
        
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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">The Gravity-Defying Globe of Death</h3>
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        <p class="dek">Lucius Zafalon is a daredevil motorcycle rider who risks his body in the pursuit of the perfect Globe of Death act.</p>
        
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        <h3 class="hed" itemprop="headline">An Urban Legend Is Born</h3>
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        <p class="dek">It’s an incredible story. But did it actually happen?</p>
        
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