<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if IE 7]>    <html class="ie ie7 lt-ie10 lt-ie9 lt-ie8" lang="en"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]>    <html class="ie ie8 lt-ie10 lt-ie9 " lang="en"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]>    <html class="ie ie9 lt-ie10" lang="en"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" />
<meta name="csrf-token" content="axO9/9kY67d3x6K2MCmlwWtoUVe5g/+JJLXb08ChHwdlEyYlCJpQQX6rHBDOXKziEmMnGJZ2grtzHCe/zhZK1A==" />

  <meta name="theme-color" content="#d8352a">
  <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#d8352a">
  <meta charset="utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"5b06465c9f","applicationID":"367227","transactionName":"el9cTBRXCl8EFk5QX1dEV1YSFxVbDhM=","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":39,"agent":""}</script>
<script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"VwcEVlFACwUHVlNV"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,n,e){function r(e){if(!n[e]){var o=n[e]={exports:{}};t[e][0].call(o.exports,function(n){var o=t[e][1][n];return r(o||n)},o,o.exports)}return n[e].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<e.length;o++)r(e[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(n){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(15),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){r(e.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,n){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e,r,s){try{p?p-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,n,e),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,n,e){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=n,this.line=e}function o(t,n){var e=n?null:c.now();i("err",[t,e])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(16),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,l="nr@seenError",p=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(8),t(7),"addEventListener"in window&&t(5),c.xhrWrappable&&t(9),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){d&&(p+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,n,e){d&&!e[l]&&(f(e,l,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(e))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&p>0&&(p-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})},{}],3:[function(t,n,e){t("loader").features.ins=!0},{}],4:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var o=t("ee"),i=t("handle"),a=t(8),s=t(7),c="learResourceTimings",f="addEventListener",u="resourcetimingbufferfull",d="bstResource",l="resource",p="-start",h="-end",m="fn"+p,w="fn"+h,v="bstTimer",y="pushState",g=t("loader");g.features.stn=!0,t(6);var b=NREUM.o.EV;o.on(m,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&(this.bstStart=g.now())}),o.on(w,function(t,n){var e=t[0];e instanceof b&&i("bst",[e,n,this.bstStart,g.now()])}),a.on(m,function(t,n,e){this.bstStart=g.now(),this.bstType=e}),a.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),this.bstType])}),s.on(m,function(){this.bstStart=g.now()}),s.on(w,function(t,n){i(v,[n,this.bstStart,g.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),o.on(y+p,function(t){this.time=g.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),o.on(y+h,function(t){i("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),f in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+c]?window.performance[f](u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["c"+c]()},!1):window.performance[f]("webkit"+u,function(t){i(d,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(l)]),window.performance["webkitC"+c]()},!1)),document[f]("scroll",r,{passive:!0}),document[f]("keypress",r,!1),document[f]("click",r,!1)}},{}],5:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){for(var n=t;n&&!n.hasOwnProperty(u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&o(n)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,n){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t(18)(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";n.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,n){var e=t[1],r=c(e,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof e.handleEvent)return e.handleEvent.apply(e,arguments)}var n={object:t,"function":e}[typeof e];return n?s(n,"fn-",null,n.name||"anonymous"):e});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],6:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t(18)(r);n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window.history,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],7:[function(t,n,e){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t(18)(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";n.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],8:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,e)}function o(t,n,e){this.method=e,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,e)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t(18)(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";n.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],9:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){d.inPlace(n,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,n=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!n.resolved&&(n.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){g.push(t),h&&(x?x.then(a):w?w(a):(E=-E,O.data=E))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<g.length;t++)r([],g[t]);g.length&&(g=[])}function s(t,n){return n}function c(t,n){for(var e in t)n[e]=t[e];return n}t(5);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t(18)(u),l=NREUM.o,p=l.XHR,h=l.MO,m=l.PR,w=l.SI,v="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],g=[];n.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var n=new p(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[n],n),n.addEventListener(v,o,!1)}catch(e){try{u.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}return n};if(c(p,b),b.prototype=p.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){r(t,n),i(n)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),h){var x=m&&m.resolve();if(!w&&!m){var E=1,O=document.createTextNode(E);new h(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===v||a()})},{}],10:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=this.params,e=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<d;r++)t.removeEventListener(u[r],this.listener,!1);if(!n.aborted){if(e.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,4===t.readyState){n.status=t.status;var i=o(t,this.lastSize);if(i&&(e.rxSize=i),this.sameOrigin){var c=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");c&&(n.cat=c.split(", ").pop())}}else n.status=0;e.cbTime=this.cbTime,f.emit("xhr-done",[t],t),s("xhr",[n,e,this.startTime])}}}function o(t,n){var e=t.responseType;if("json"===e&&null!==n)return n;var r="arraybuffer"===e||"blob"===e||"json"===e?t.response:t.responseText;return h(r)}function i(t,n){var e=c(n),r=t.params;r.host=e.hostname+":"+e.port,r.pathname=e.pathname,t.sameOrigin=e.sameOrigin}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable){var s=t("handle"),c=t(11),f=t("ee"),u=["load","error","abort","timeout"],d=u.length,l=t("id"),p=t(14),h=t(13),m=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(9),f.on("new-xhr",function(t){var n=this;n.totalCbs=0,n.called=0,n.cbTime=0,n.end=r,n.ended=!1,n.xhrGuids={},n.lastSize=null,p&&(p>34||p<10)||window.opera||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){n.lastSize=t.loaded},!1)}),f.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},i(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),f.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,n){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid)}),f.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,n){var e=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(e&&r){var i=h(r);i&&(e.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"===t.type&&(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof n.onload))&&o.end(n)}catch(e){try{f.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<d;s++)n.addEventListener(u[s],this.listener,!1)}),f.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,n,e){this.cbTime+=t,n?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof e.onload||this.end(e)}),f.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[e]&&(this.xhrGuids[e]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),f.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,n){var e=""+l(t)+!!n;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[e]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[e],this.totalCbs-=1)}),f.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,n){n instanceof m&&"load"===t[0]&&f.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],n)}),f.on("fn-start",function(t,n,e){n instanceof m&&("onload"===e&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),f.on("fn-end",function(t,n){this.xhrCbStart&&f.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,n],n)})}},{}],11:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){var n=document.createElement("a"),e=window.location,r={};n.href=t,r.port=n.port;var o=n.href.split("://");!r.port&&o[1]&&(r.port=o[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),r.port&&"0"!==r.port||(r.port="https"===o[0]?"443":"80"),r.hostname=n.hostname||e.hostname,r.pathname=n.pathname,r.protocol=o[0],"/"!==r.pathname.charAt(0)&&(r.pathname="/"+r.pathname);var i=!n.protocol||":"===n.protocol||n.protocol===e.protocol,a=n.hostname===document.domain&&n.port===e.port;return r.sameOrigin=i&&(!n.hostname||a),r}},{}],12:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t,n,e){return function(){return i(t,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,e),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(15),s=t(16),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=u);var d=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",p=l+"ixn-";a(d,function(t,n){u[n]=o(l+n,!0,"api")}),u.addPageAction=o(l+"addPageAction",!0),u.setCurrentRouteName=o(l+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,u.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var h=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,n){var e={},r=this,o="function"==typeof n;return i(p+"tracer",[f.now(),t,e],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],e),o)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],e),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],e)}}}};a("setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,n){h[n]=o(p+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),i("err",[t,f.now()])}},{}],13:[function(t,n,e){n.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(n){return}}}},{}],14:[function(t,n,e){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),n.exports=r},{}],15:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){var e=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(e[i]=n(r,t[r]),i+=1);return e}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],16:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof e&&(e=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=e-n||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[n+r];return i}n.exports=r},{}],17:[function(t,n,e){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],18:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[a])}var o=t("ee"),i=t(16),a="nr@original",s=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;n.exports=function(t,n){function e(t,n,e,o){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,s,c;try{a=this,r=i(arguments),s="function"==typeof e?e(r,a):e||{}}catch(f){l([f,"",[r,a,o],s])}u(n+"start",[r,a,o],s);try{return c=t.apply(a,r)}catch(d){throw u(n+"err",[r,a,d],s),d}finally{u(n+"end",[r,a,c],s)}}return r(t)?t:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[a]=t,d(t,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function f(t,n,o,i){o||(o="");var a,s,c,f="-"===o.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<n.length;c++)s=n[c],a=t[s],r(a)||(t[s]=e(a,f?s+o:o,i,s))}function u(e,r,o){if(!c||n){var i=c;c=!0;try{t.emit(e,r,o,n)}catch(a){l([a,e,r,o])}c=i}}function d(t,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var e=Object.keys(t);return e.forEach(function(e){Object.defineProperty(n,e,{get:function(){return t[e]},set:function(n){return t[e]=n,n}})}),n}catch(r){l([r])}for(var o in t)s.call(t,o)&&(n[o]=t[o]);return n}function l(n){try{t.emit("internal-error",n)}catch(e){}}return t||(t=o),e.inPlace=f,e.flag=a,e}},{}],ee:[function(t,n,e){function r(){}function o(t){function n(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?c(t,s,i):i()}function e(e,r,o,i){if(!l.aborted||i){t&&t(e,r,o);for(var a=n(o),s=h(e),c=s.length,f=0;f<c;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var d=u[y[e]];return d&&d.push([g,e,r,a]),a}}function p(t,n){v[t]=h(t).concat(n)}function h(t){return v[t]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||o(e)}function w(t,n){f(t,function(t,e){n=n||"feature",y[e]=n,n in u||(u[n]=[])})}var v={},y={},g={on:p,emit:e,get:m,listeners:h,context:n,buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return g}function i(){return new r}function a(){(u.api||u.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,u=l.backlog={})}var s="nr@context",c=t("gos"),f=t(15),u={},d={},l=n.exports=o();l.backlog=u},{}],gos:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){if(o.call(t,n))return t[n];var r=e();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[n]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,n,e)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,n,e){function r(){if(!x++){var t=b.info=NREUM.info,n=l.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(u.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&n))return u.abort();f(y,function(n,e){t[n]||(t[n]=e)}),c("mark",["onload",a()+b.offset],null,"api");var e=l.createElement("script");e.src="https://"+t.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n)}}function o(){"complete"===l.readyState&&i()}function i(){c("mark",["domContent",a()+b.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return E.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(s=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),s))-b.offset}var s=(new Date).getTime(),c=t("handle"),f=t(15),u=t("ee"),d=window,l=d.document,p="addEventListener",h="attachEvent",m=d.XMLHttpRequest,w=m&&m.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:d.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:m,REQ:d.Request,EV:d.Event,PR:d.Promise,MO:d.MutationObserver};var v=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1071.min.js"},g=m&&w&&w[p]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),b=n.exports={offset:s,now:a,origin:v,features:{},xhrWrappable:g};t(12),l[p]?(l[p]("DOMContentLoaded",i,!1),d[p]("load",r,!1)):(l[h]("onreadystatechange",o),d[h]("onload",r)),c("mark",["firstbyte",s],null,"api");var x=0,E=t(17)},{}]},{},["loader",2,10,4,3]);</script>
  <meta property="fb:app_id" content="127105130696839">
  <script>
  if (/iPad/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
    // 972px layout + 20px gutter on left & right.
    document.write('<meta name="viewport" content="width=1012">');
  } else {
    document.write('<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">');
  }
</script>

  <meta name="description" content="As Houston continues to rescue residents whose homes were ruined, it also begins to deal with issues related to contaminated floodwaters and overflowing reservoirs. It won&#39;t be easy." />
<meta name="pubdate" content="20170830" />
<meta name="commissioning-region" content="us" />
<meta name="searchtype" content="analysis" />
<meta name="original-source" content="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" />
<meta name="news_keywords" content="Contamination, Dams, Hurricane Harvey, Public health, Water, contaminated water, flood waters" />

  <meta name="author" content="Neil S. Grigg" />

  <meta name="institution" content="Colorado State University" />

  <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Conversation" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Flooding from Hurricane Harvey causes a host of public health concerns" />
<meta property="og:description" content="As Houston continues to rescue residents whose homes were ruined, it also begins to deal with issues related to contaminated floodwaters and overflowing reservoirs. It won&#39;t be easy." />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://images.theconversation.com/files/184032/original/file-20170830-24267-1qgarh1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C205%2C4577%2C2219&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1356&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" />
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="2018-02-13T20:43:11Z" />
<meta property="og:url" content="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" />
<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://facebook.com/theConversationUS" />

  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ConversationUS" />



  <script>
//<![CDATA[

  window.TC = {};
  window.TC.Config = {"sharejs_init_delay_ms":0};

//]]>
</script>
  <!-- refspec b06997c -->
  <title>Flooding from Hurricane Harvey causes a host of public health concerns</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/assets/webpacked-core-f2ac315252fd763492f83ef646434670.css" />





<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/javascripts/vendor/shim.js"></script><![endif]-->

<!--[if IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/assets/webpacked-ie/ie7-6d51734d54c1381ddb81cbfb2f4f265c.css" /><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]><link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/assets/webpacked-ie/ie8-f5aeba8308e795837415a09f179d3e49.css" /><![endif]-->

<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/assets/webpacked-print-4082ef3200d9f974dd858c91a43c3c0b.css" />


  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/assets/logos/logo-114x114-65dfe0d7cfa1a27576c4bea09d5070a3.png">
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/assets/logos/logo-192x192-0dc138eb03a755cacf6c3df151929282.png">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">

  <script>
      (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
          (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
          m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
      })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

    var ga = ga || function() {};

    ga('create', 'UA-21436757-1', 'auto');


      ga('set', 'dimension1', 'Reader');
      ga('set', 'dimension2', 'us');
      ga('set', 'dimension3', 'us');
      ga('set', 'dimension4', 'analysis');

    ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>


    
    
    <link rel="canonical" href="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" />
    <link rel="amphtml" href="https://theconversation.com/amp/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" />

</head>
<body class="region_us content content-show  refresh-article" data-https="available">
  <nav class="editorial-menu">
</nav>

  
  <span id="small-sidebar-open-button" class="icon-menu"></span>
  <div id="small-sidebar">
    <span id="small-sidebar-close-button" class="icon-delete"></span>
    <nav class="small-sidebar-group small-sidebar-editions">
      <h3>Editions</h3>
      <fieldset class="region-select">
        <select id="small-region-select-dropdown">
            <option data-code="AFRICA" value="/africa">
              Africa
            </option>
            <option data-code="AU" value="/au">
              Australia
            </option>
            <option data-code="CA" value="/ca">
              Canada
            </option>
            <option data-code="FR" value="/fr">
              France
            </option>
            <option data-code="GLOBAL" value="/global">
              Global Perspectives
            </option>
            <option data-code="ID" value="/id">
              Indonesia
            </option>
            <option data-code="UK" value="/uk">
              United Kingdom
            </option>
            <option data-code="US" value="/us" selected="selected">
              United States
            </option>
        </select>
      </fieldset>
    </nav>

    <nav class="small-sidebar-group">
      <h3>Sections</h3>
      <ul>
          <li class="home-page ">
            <a class="" href="/us">Home<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="arts ">
            <a class="" href="/us/arts">Arts <span><span title="and">+</span> Culture</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="business ">
            <a class="" href="/us/business">Economy <span><span title="and">+</span> Business</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="education ">
            <a class="" href="/us/education">Education<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="environment ">
            <a class="" href="/us/environment">Environment <span><span title="and">+</span> Energy</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="ethics ">
            <a class="" href="/us/ethics">Ethics <span><span title="and">+</span> Religion</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="health ">
            <a class="active" href="/us/health">Health <span><span title="and">+</span> Medicine</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="politics ">
            <a class="" href="/us/politics">Politics <span><span title="and">+</span> Society</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li class="technology last">
            <a class="" href="/us/technology">Science <span><span title="and">+</span> Technology</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
      </ul>
    </nav>

    <nav id="small-sidebar-search" class="small-sidebar-group">
      <h3>Search</h3>
      <form action="/search">
        <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search analysis, academics…">
        <button type="submit"><span class="icon-search"></span></button>
      </form>
    </nav>

    <nav class="small-sidebar-group">
      <h3>Services</h3>
      <ul>
        <li>
          <a href="/us/newsletter">
            Newsletter<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span>
</a>        </li>
          <li id="play-newsstand-link">
            <a href="http://google.com/newsstand/s/CBIwr8WNoC4">Read on Play Newsstand<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>

          <li id="applenews-link">
            <a href="https://apple.news/TwTJF4g8lTJGKVT-OWib5Tw">Read on Apple News<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>

          <li id="flipboard-link">
            <a href="https://flipboard.com/@ConversationUS">Read on Flipboard<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
      </ul>
    </nav>

    <nav class="small-sidebar-group">
      <h3>Information</h3>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/us/who-we-are"><span>Who we are</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/charter"><span>Our charter</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/team"><span>Our team</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/partners"><span>Partners and funders</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/institutions"><span>Contributing institutions</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/contact-us"><span>Contact us</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
          <li>
            <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/us?utm_source=theconversation.com&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=mobile-sidebar"><span>Donate</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
          </li>
          <li><a href="/us/friends"><span>Friends of The Conversation</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/privacy-policy"><span>Privacy policy</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/terms-and-conditions"><span>Terms and conditions</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
        <li><a href="/us/corrections"><span>Corrections</span><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></li>
      </ul>
    </nav>
  </div>
  <div id="small-sidebar-overlay"></div>


  <div id="page-wrapper">
    <section id="topbar">
  <div class="wrapper clearfix">

    <a class="topbar-mobile-home-link" href="/us">
      <img alt="The Conversation" src="/assets/carlton/logos/logo-7eb5f99842eee4b04f0d879253705740.svg" />
</a>
    
  <nav class="topbar-module">
    <ul class="topbar-item-list">
      <li class="topbar-home-link">
        <a href="/us">
          <i class="icon-home"></i>
</a>      </li>
      <li class="topbar-edition-selector-title topbar-label">Edition:</li>
    </ul>
  </nav>

  <nav class="topbar-edition-selector topbar-dropdown topbar-module">
    <a class="menu-button-open" href="/us">Available editions</a>
    <div class="menu-button-contents">
      <span class="menu-button-text">
        <span class="current-region">United States</span>
      </span>
      <i class="icon-caret-down drop-down-caret"></i>
    </div>

    <ul class="menu">
        <li class="region africa">
          <a title="Africa edition" href="/africa">Africa</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region au">
          <a title="Australia edition" href="/au">Australia</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region ca">
          <a title="Canada edition" href="/ca">Canada</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region fr">
          <a title="France edition" href="/fr">France</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region global">
          <a title="Global Perspectives edition" href="/global">Global Perspectives</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region id">
          <a title="Indonesia edition" href="/id">Indonesia</a>
        </li>
        <li class="region uk">
          <a title="United Kingdom edition" href="/uk">United Kingdom</a>
        </li>
    </ul>
  </nav>


      <nav class="topbar-promotional-links topbar-module">
    <ul class="topbar-item-list">

        <li class="tc-donate">
          <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/us?utm_source=theconversation.com&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=topbar">Donate</a>
        </li>

    </ul>
  </nav>


    <nav class="topbar-account-nav topbar-dropdown topbar-module">


    <ul class="topbar-item-list auth">
      <li class="author-signup">
        <a href="/become-an-author">Become an author</a>
      </li>
      <li class="reader-signup">
        <a href="https://theconversation.com/sign_up?return_to=%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134">Sign up as a reader</a>
      </li>
      <li class="reader-signin">
        <a href="/sign_in?return_to=%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134">Sign in</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
</nav>



    <nav class="topbar-stay-informed topbar-module">
  <ul class="topbar-button-list">
    <li class="topbar-button with-label newsletter">
      <a title="Sign up to receive our daily email newsletter" href="/us/newsletter">
        <i class="icon-email"></i>
        <span class="topbar-button-text">
          Get newsletter
        </span>
</a>    </li>
    <li class="topbar-button facebook">
      <a title="The Conversation on Facebook" href="https://facebook.com/theConversationUS">
        <i class="icon-facebook-simple"></i>
</a>    </li>
    <li class="topbar-button twitter">
      <a title="The Conversation on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ConversationUS">
        <i class="icon-twitter"></i>
</a>    </li>
    <li class="topbar-button rss">
      <a title="Feeds from The Conversation" href="/us/feeds">
        <i class="icon-rss"></i>
</a>    </li>
  </ul>
</nav>


  </div>
</section>

    
  <section id="header">
    <div class="wrapper nocontent">
      <header id="masthead" class="clearfix">
  <a class="masthead-home-link" href="/us">
    <img alt="The Conversation" src="/assets/carlton/logos/logo-7eb5f99842eee4b04f0d879253705740.svg" />
</a>
  <form class="masthead-search" action="/us/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" />
    <fieldset>
  <legend>Search</legend>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="input-wrapper">
      <label for="q"><i class="icon-search"></i></label>
      <input type="text" name="q" id="q" value="" placeholder="Search analysis, research, academics…" />
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="button" value="Search"></button>
  </div>
</fieldset>

</form>
  <div class="masthead-tagline">
    Academic rigor, journalistic flair
  </div>
</header>

      <nav id="primary-navigation" class=" nocontent">
  <ol>
        <li class="arts ">
          <a class="" title="Arts + Culture" href="/us/arts">Arts <span><span title="and">+</span> Culture</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="business ">
          <a class="" title="Economy + Business" href="/us/business">Economy <span><span title="and">+</span> Business</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="education ">
          <a class="" title="Education" href="/us/education">Education</a>
        </li>
        <li class="environment ">
          <a class="" title="Environment + Energy" href="/us/environment">Environment <span><span title="and">+</span> Energy</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="ethics ">
          <a class="" title="Ethics + Religion" href="/us/ethics">Ethics <span><span title="and">+</span> Religion</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="health ">
          <a class="current" title="Health + Medicine" href="/us/health">Health <span><span title="and">+</span> Medicine</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="politics ">
          <a class="" title="Politics + Society" href="/us/politics">Politics <span><span title="and">+</span> Society</span></a>
        </li>
        <li class="technology last">
          <a class="" title="Science + Technology" href="/us/technology">Science <span><span title="and">+</span> Technology</span></a>
        </li>
  </ol>
</nav>

    </div>
  </section>

    

    <section id="topics">
      <div class="wrapper nocontent">
          <section id="hot-topics" class=" clearfix nocontent">
    <h3>
      <a href="/us/topics">
        <i class="icon-tag"></i> Follow Topics
</a>    </h3>

    <ol>
        <li>
          <a class="nocontent" data-id="13354" href="/us/topics/affordable-care-act-13354">Affordable Care Act</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a class="nocontent" data-id="731" href="/us/topics/marijuana-731">Marijuana</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a class="nocontent" data-id="1046" href="/us/topics/opioids-1046">Opioids</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a class="nocontent" data-id="690" href="/us/topics/vaccines-690">Vaccines</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a class="nocontent" data-id="18991" href="/us/topics/zika-18991">Zika</a>
        </li>
    </ol>
  </section>

      </div>
    </section>


    <div id="outer">
      

      



  <article id="article" class="clearfix has-desktop-magazine has-mobile-magazine" data-id="83134" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
  
  
    <figure class="magazine">
      <div class="magazine-header">
        <div class="desktop-magazine">
          <div class="image" style="background-image: url(https://images.theconversation.com/files/184032/original/file-20170830-24267-1qgarh1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C205%2C4577%2C2219&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1356&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop);">
            <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/184032/original/file-20170830-24267-1qgarh1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C205%2C4577%2C2219&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1356&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" alt="File 20170830 24267 1qgarh1.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1" />
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="mobile-magazine">
          <div class="image" style="background-image: url(https://images.theconversation.com/files/184032/original/file-20170830-24267-1qgarh1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=668&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop);"></div>
        </div>

        <div class="magazine-title">
          <div class="wrapper">
            
  <header class="grid-twelve large-grid-eleven">
    <div>
      <div class="content-header-block">
        <h1 class="entry-title instapaper_title" itemprop="name">
          <strong>
            Flooding from Hurricane Harvey causes a host of public health&nbsp;concerns
          </strong>
        </h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <time datetime="2017-08-30T18:11:13Z" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-30T18:11:13Z">August 30, 2017 2.11pm EDT</time>
  </header>

          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="wrapper">
          <figcaption>
            As many people have had to wade through floodwaters, they need to be aware of the risk of infection and disease from contaminated waters.
            <span class="attribution"><span class="source">AP Photo/David J. Phillip</span></span>
          </figcaption>
      </div>
    </figure>


  <div class="wrapper">
    <div class="content-header grid-sixteen">
      
  <header class="grid-twelve large-grid-eleven">
    <div>
      <div class="content-header-block">
        <h1 class="entry-title instapaper_title" itemprop="name">
          <strong>
            Flooding from Hurricane Harvey causes a host of public health&nbsp;concerns
          </strong>
        </h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <time datetime="2017-08-30T18:11:13Z" itemprop="datePublished" content="2017-08-30T18:11:13Z">August 30, 2017 2.11pm EDT</time>
  </header>

    </div>

    <div class="content-sidebar grid-four large-grid-four grid-last">
      
        <section class="content-authors">
  <div class="content-authors-synopsis">
    <a href="#" class="content-authors-toggle">
      <i class="icon-caret-down"></i>
      <i class="icon-caret-up"></i>
      <span class="nobr">Neil S. Grigg</span>
    </a>
  </div>

  <div class="content-authors-group">
    <h3 class="double-bordered">Author</h3>
    <ol>
      <li class="vcard" id="author-185439" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
    <a rel="author" href="/profiles/neil-s-grigg-401224">
      <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/401224/width170/file-20170816-11616-ejlmuz.jpg" src="/assets/author/width170_default-19ec5bd0b0425d75df0ad1707d18c36b.jpg" itemprop="image" />
      <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name">
        Neil S. Grigg
      </span>
</a>
    

    <p class="role">
      Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University
    </p>

</li>

    </ol>
  </div>
</section>

      
    <section class="content-disclosure-statement">
      <h3 class="double-bordered">Disclosure statement</h3>
        <p><span>Neil S. Grigg does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.</span></p>
    </section>

      

  <section class="content-partners">
    <h3 class="double-bordered">Partners</h3>
      <p class="disclosure-logo clearfix"><a class="logo" href="/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267"><img alt="Colorado State University" src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/881/logos/logo-1470186591.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=170&amp;h=170" /></a></p>
      <p class="funding-statement"><a href="/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267">Colorado State University</a> provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.</p>


    <p><a href="/us/partners">View all partners</a></p>
  </section>

      
  <section class="content-republish">
    <a class="button primary steal-button" data-republish="/share/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" href="#republish">Republish this article</a>

    <p>
      <a class="license-logo" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img src="/assets/call-to-actions/republish-ca547a7c5135cc6d1a28933dc8b6823c.png" alt="Republish" /></a>
      Republish our articles for free, online or in print, under Creative Commons license.
    </p>


  </section>

      

    </div>

    <div class="grid-twelve large-grid-eleven">
      

      


      <div class="top">
        
  <aside class="grid-two content-share">
    <ul>
      <li class="email">
        <a class="email-button" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="mailto:?subject=Flooding%20from%20Hurricane%20Harvey%20causes%20a%20host%20of%20public%20health%20concerns%20%E2%80%94%20The%20Conversation&amp;body=Hi.%20I%20found%20an%20article%20that%20you%20might%20like%3A%20%22Flooding%20from%20Hurricane%20Harvey%20causes%20a%20host%20of%20public%20health%20concerns%22%20%E2%80%94%20http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134"><i class="icon-email"></i> <span>Email</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="twitter">
        <a class="twitter-button" data-url="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Flooding+from+Hurricane+Harvey+causes+a+host+of+public+health+concerns&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dtwitterbutton&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;via=ConversationUS"><i class="icon-twitter"></i> <span>Twitter</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="facebook">
        <a class="facebook-button" data-url="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dfacebookbutton"><i class="icon-facebook"></i> <span>Facebook</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="linkedin">
        <a class="linkedin-button" data-url="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;source=The+Conversation&amp;summary=The+%5Bhistoric+rainfall%5D%28https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhat-made-the-rain-in-hurricane-harvey-so-extreme-83137%29+dumped+by+Hurricane+Harvey+has+already+led+to+deaths+by+drownings+and+the+destruction+of...&amp;title=Flooding+from+Hurricane+Harvey+causes+a+host+of+public+health+concerns&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dlinkedin%26utm_medium%3Dlinkedinbutton"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i> <span>LinkedIn</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="whatsapp">
        <a class="whatsapp-button" data-href="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-action="share/whatsapp/share" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="whatsapp://send?text=Flooding+from+Hurricane+Harvey+causes+a+host+of+public+health+concerns+http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dwhatsapp%26utm_medium%3Dwhatsappbutton"><i class="icon-whatsapp"></i> <span>WhatsApp</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="fb-messenger">
        <a class="fb-messenger-button" data-href="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-action="share/fb-messenger/share" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="fb-messenger://share?link=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dfb_messenger%26utm_medium%3Dfb_messenger_button"><i class="icon-fb-messenger"></i> <span>Messenger</span></a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </aside>

      </div>

      
  <div class="grid-ten large-grid-nine grid-last content-body content entry-content instapaper_body" itemprop="articleBody">
    <p>The <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-made-the-rain-in-hurricane-harvey-so-extreme-83137">historic rainfall</a> dumped by Hurricane Harvey has already led to deaths by drownings and the destruction of many homes.</p>

<p>Houston’s drinking water system is being stressed by <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/28/controlled-release-water-houston-reservoirs/607594001/">overflowing water reservoirs</a> and dams, breached levees and possible problems at treatment plants and in the water distribution system. Failure of drinking water systems could lead to water shortages. </p>

<p>As a civil engineer who has studied how flooding affects water systems, I also see a number of public health concerns. Raw sewage, dead bodies in the water and release of dangerous chemicals into the floodwaters could lead to the spread of disease through contact with contaminated water and to infection through open wounds. </p>

<p>And because Houston has at least a dozen sites that have been designated <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/29/houstons-flood-threatens-to-turn-polluted-superfund-sites-into-a-toxic-gumbo/?utm_term=.11819c16fed3">environmentally hazardous</a>, there is a risk of petrochemical contamination. Indeed, companies have reported that <a href="http://www.seattletimes.com/business/exxon-discloses-refinery-emissions-as-storm-hits-gulf-coast/">pollutants from refineries</a> have already been released. </p>

<p>As if those are not bad enough, the “<a href="http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/08/28/national-weather-service-harvey">unprecedented</a>” amount of water leads to the perfect breeding opportunities for mosquitoes, which are vectors of Zika and many other infectious diseases. </p>

<h2>Flood response systems</h2>

<p>Flood impacts hit hardest on the most vulnerable and exposed people, especially <a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/floods/">children, the elderly and disabled, and the poor</a>. </p>

<figure class="align-center zoomable">
            <a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/183996/original/file-20170830-23702-1ui57px.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/183996/original/file-20170830-23702-1ui57px.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"></a>
            <figcaption>
              <span class="caption">A Houston home surrounded by water. The city anxiously watches the rising levels of water in levees and dams.</span>
              <span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="http://www.apimages.com/Search?query=Houston+dams&amp;ss=10&amp;st=kw&amp;entitysearch=&amp;toItem=15&amp;orderBy=Newest&amp;searchMediaType=excludecollections">AP Photo/J. David Phillip</a></span>
            </figcaption>
          </figure>

<p>In Houston, several authorities are involved in flood mitigation and rescue efforts, beginning with city government, which handles street runoff and storm drains as well as emergency response. The <a href="https://www.hcfcd.org/">Harris County Flood Control District</a>, which was organized in response to devastating Houston-area floods in 1929 and 1925, has a regional flood control program. It works with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which operates local reservoirs that were <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/28/houston-releases-water-from-two-dams-in-attempt-to-prevent-uncontrolled-overflow/?utm_term=.2dd099977a2c">built in the 1940s</a> to prevent flooding. </p>

<p>The National Guard and the Federal Emergency Management Agency also are helping, along with local shelters and community members. </p>

<h2>Toxic soup</h2>

<p>The scenes of rescues during and immediately after the storms from Harvey may suggest that relief has arrived, but these images hide the aftermath of disease and misery. This includes the risk of contamination from floodwaters from many unsavory sources, beginning with raw sewage from failing sewer pipes.  Other sources of <a href="http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/ems/flood_cds/en/">bacteria and disease agents</a> are landfills, septic tanks, medical wastes, feedlots, cemeteries and portable toilets.</p>

<p>This toxic soup can lead to a host of <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/disease/infectious.html">infectious diseases, diarrhea and wound infections</a>, among other medical problems, when bacteria and parasitic organisms in floodwaters penetrate the body.</p>

<p>Yet despite the threats from polluted floodwaters, most diarrhea is caused by <a href="http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/74734/E77096.pdf?ua=1">failed drinking water systems</a>. The massive supplies of bottled water distributed after the flood can help, but getting drinking water systems up and running again is essential, albeit a formidable challenge.  These systems are designed to provide multiple barriers to protect the water sources, treatment plants and distribution pipes from contamination.</p>

<p>Mold and mildew, meanwhile, can harbor disease agents that affect respiratory systems long after floodwaters have dried. Mosquito-borne illnesses such as malaria and dengue are endemic in flooded areas. Then, chemical and explosive hazards can affect people in ways ranging from <a href="http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/08/beware-post-flood-diseases.html">cancer to exposure to fire and detonations</a>.</p>

<h2>Beyond infections</h2>

<p>There is also trauma from flooding which can can take many forms, such as blunt force injuries due to flash floods or explosions. Objects such as <a href="http://mde.maryland.gov/programs/water/FloodHazardMitigation/Pages/fueltanks.aspx">propane bottles and fuel tanks</a> should be anchored to prevent them from being released.  </p>

<p>Traffic disruption and failure of structures, such as bridges and culverts, can cause injuries as well. Thirty years ago, a New York State Thruway bridge collapsed from flood damage, killing 10 people. The cause was <a href="http://www.ayresassociates.com/bridge-scour-care/">damage from erosion</a> to supporting bridge piers, which <a href="http://www.newyorkupstate.com/capital-region/2017/04/on_this_date_thruway_bridge_collapses_into_schoharie_creek_in_1987.html">travelers could not detect or see</a>.</p>

<p>If we are to learn more about flood-induced injuries and diseases, better data are needed. Epidemiological studies of flood impacts are limited, particularly in study of long-term mental health, mortality risks after flooding, risks of infectious and vector-borne diseases following floods, and the effectiveness of public health measures in reducing flood-related health burdens. </p>

<p>Moreover, the health-related costs of flooding are not considered adequately in decisions about remedies, and little is known about the effects of climate and land-use change on <a href="https://academic.oup.com/epirev/article/27/1/36/520815/Global-Health-Impacts-of-Floods-Epidemiologic">flood risk and health burdens in different settings</a>. </p>

<p>The Houston disaster was caused by an unprecedented flood, but other <a href="http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/extreme-weather">rare and extreme ones occur</a>. They are in the U.S. headlines for a few days, and then they disappear, especially when they happen in faraway places. The 2010 Pakistan flood affected 20 million people, but it disappeared from the <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-flooding-in-pakist/">news within days</a>. In worst-case scenarios, floods can kill hundreds of thousands and maybe millions, as <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/yangtze-river-peaks-in-china">one did in China in 1931</a>. In <a href="http://www.wri.org/blog/2015/03/world%E2%80%99s-15-countries-most-people-exposed-river-floods">countries</a> with limited resources, people are mostly left to <a href="http://globalfloodmap.org/">fend for themselves</a>.</p>

<p>What can be done to alleviate future suffering from such massive events? Flood science has some of the answers, but not a complete solution. The good news is that most flood threats occur from frequent events, which can be mitigated by a combination of steps that include adequate infrastructure and so-called nonstructural tools, which means they involve measures such as zoning, flood warning and <a href="http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/Missions/Flood-Risk-Management/Flood-Risk-Management-Program/">insurance</a>. </p>

<p>These, along with pollution control programs, can go a long way toward alleviating the worst impacts of flooding. The catch is they must work, and this requires the rule of law and good governance, which are unfortunately lacking in many parts of the world.</p>
  </div>

      

      
    <div class="grid-ten grid-prepend-two large-grid-nine grid-last content-topics topic-list">
      <i class="icon-tag"></i>
      <ul>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/water-71">Water</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/public-health-136">Public health</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/dams-1727">Dams</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/contamination-4839">Contamination</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/contaminated-water-19822">contaminated water</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/hurricane-harvey-42406">Hurricane Harvey</a>
          </li>
          <li class="topic-list-item">
            <a href="/topics/flood-waters-42544">flood waters</a>
          </li>
      </ul>
    </div>

      

      <div class="bottom">
        
  <aside class="content-targeted-share grid-ten grid-prepend-two large-grid-nine grid-last">
    <ul>
      <li class="twitter">
        <a class="twitter-button button" data-url="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Flooding+from+Hurricane+Harvey+causes+a+host+of+public+health+concerns&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dtwitterbutton&amp;utm_campaign=none&amp;via=ConversationUS"><i class="icon-twitter"></i> <span>Tweet</span></a>
      </li>

      <li class="facebook">
        <a class="facebook-button button" data-url="http://theconversation.com/flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134" data-id="83134" target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fflooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134%3Futm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_medium%3Dfacebookbutton"><i class="icon-facebook-simple"></i> <span>Share</span></a>
      </li>
      <li class="newsletter">
        <a class="button newsletter-button" href="/us/newsletter">
          <i class="icon-email"></i>
          <span class="not-small">Get newsletter</span>
          <span class="small-only">Newsletter</span>
</a>      </li>
    </ul>
  </aside>

      </div>

      

    </div>
    

    
  <div class="grid-sixteen content-related-container">
      <h3 class="thick-light-bordered slammed">You might also like</h3>
      <div class="content-related-articles">
        <div class="related-article grid-four ">
  <article data-id="83137" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
      <figure>
        <a class="article-link" href="/what-made-the-rain-in-hurricane-harvey-so-extreme-83137">
          <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/183813/original/file-20170829-5505-161xrvk.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1012&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="183813" />
</a>          <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              The rainfall from Harvey has now exceeded the amount from the previous record-bearer, Tropical Storm Amelia in 1978.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">AP Photo/Charlie Riedel</span>
          </figcaption>
      </figure>
    <header>
      <h2><a href="/what-made-the-rain-in-hurricane-harvey-so-extreme-83137">What made the rain in Hurricane Harvey so&nbsp;extreme?</a></h2>
    </header>
  </article>
</div>
<div class="related-article grid-four ">
  <article data-id="83125" class="clearfix placed news_item published">
      <figure>
        <a class="article-link" href="/response-to-natural-disasters-like-harvey-could-be-helped-with-game-theory-83125">
          <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/183654/original/file-20170828-1580-x9etmc.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1012&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="183654" />
</a>          <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Deleon Gambel, 14, fights the current from the overflow of Buffalo Bayou as he makes his way through floodwaters from Tropical Storm Harvey while checking on neighbors in his apartment complex in Houston, Sunday, Aug. 27, 2017.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">AP Photo/LM Otero</span>
          </figcaption>
      </figure>
    <header>
      <h2><a href="/response-to-natural-disasters-like-harvey-could-be-helped-with-game-theory-83125">Response to natural disasters like Harvey could be helped with game&nbsp;theory</a></h2>
    </header>
  </article>
</div>
<div class="related-article grid-four ">
  <article data-id="83130" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
      <figure>
        <a class="article-link" href="/stretching-your-donation-dollars-5-tips-83130">
          <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/183857/original/file-20170829-6715-ae6dh4.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1012&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="183857" />
</a>          <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Residents pick through a makeshift aid station in Rockport, Texas after Harvey struck their city.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">AP Photo/Eric Gay</span>
          </figcaption>
      </figure>
    <header>
      <h2><a href="/stretching-your-donation-dollars-5-tips-83130">Stretching your donation dollars: 5&nbsp;tips</a></h2>
    </header>
  </article>
</div>
<div class="related-article grid-four grid-last">
  <article data-id="78164" class="clearfix placed analysis published">
      <figure>
        <a class="article-link" href="/measuring-up-us-infrastructure-against-other-countries-78164">
          <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/179649/original/file-20170725-30167-c4z100.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1012&amp;h=668&amp;fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="179649" />
</a>          <figcaption>
            <span class="caption">
              Heavy storms in February caused parts of a California highway to give way.
            </span>
            <span class="source" title="Source">Rich Pedroncelli/AP Photo</span>
          </figcaption>
      </figure>
    <header>
      <h2><a href="/measuring-up-us-infrastructure-against-other-countries-78164">Measuring up US infrastructure against other&nbsp;countries</a></h2>
    </header>
  </article>
</div>

      </div>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>



<div id="comments-container"></div>

  <div class="page-addendum">
  <div class="wrapper">
    <div class="grid-eight">
      <div class="addendum-block most-popular">
  <h3 class="thick-light-bordered slammed">Most popular on The Conversation</h3>
  
      <ul>
      </ul>
      <ul>
      </ul>
</div>

    </div>

    <div class="grid-four">
      <div class="addendum-block research-and-expert-database">
  <h3 class="thick-light-bordered">Expert Database <i class="icon-the-conversation"></i></h3>

  <form class="for formtastic expert_search_form" novalidate="novalidate" id="new_expert_search_form" action="/experts/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" />
    <fieldset class="inputs"><ol>
      <li class="string input required stringish" id="expert_search_form_term_input"><label for="expert_search_form_term" class="label">Find experts with <span class='nobr'>knowledge in:</span><abbr title="required">*</abbr></label><input placeholder="e.g. Cyber Security" id="expert_search_form_term" type="text" name="expert_search_form[term]" />

</li>
</ol></fieldset>
    <fieldset class="actions"><ol>
      <li class="action input_action " id="expert_search_form_submit_action"><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Search" class="find-experts button large primary" /></li>
</ol></fieldset></form></div>

    </div>

    <div class="grid-four grid-last">
      <div class="addendum-block want-to-write">
  <h3 class="thick-light-bordered">Want to write?</h3>
  <p>
    Write an article and join a growing community of more than 62,600 academics and researchers from 2,278 institutions.
  </p>
  <p class="more">
    <a class="button" href="/become-an-author">Register now</a>
  </p>
</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div>



  <script src="https://theconversation.com/javascripts/lib/content_tracker_hook.js" id="theconversation_tracker_hook" data-counter="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/83134/count" async="async"></script>



    </div>

    
  <div id="footers">
    
    <section class="footer-primary">
  <header>
    <div class="wrapper nocontent">
      <h2>The Conversation</h2>
    </div>
  </header>

  <div class="wrapper nocontent">
    <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four">
      <h6>Community</h6>
      <nav>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/us/community-standards">Community standards</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/republishing-guidelines">Republishing guidelines</a></li>
            <li><a href="/us/friends">Friends of The Conversation</a></li>
            <li><a href="/experts">Research and Expert Database</a></li>

            <li>
              <a href="https://analytics.theconversation.com/us">
                <i class="icon icon-the-conversation"></i> Analytics
</a>            </li>

          <li><a href="/us/feeds"><i class="icon icon-rss-non-coloured"></i> Our feeds</a></li>

            <li>
              <a href="https://donate.theconversation.com/us?utm_source=theconversation.com&amp;utm_medium=website&amp;utm_campaign=footer">
                <i class="icon icon-friend-of-tc"></i> Donate
</a>            </li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </section>

    <section class="company footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-seven">
      <h6>Company</h6>
      <nav>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/us/who-we-are">Who we are</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/charter">Our charter</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/team">Our team</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/partners">Partners and funders</a></li>
          <li><a href="/institutions">Contributing institutions</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/resources-for-media">Resource for media</a></li>
          <li><a href="/us/contact-us">Contact us</a></li>
            <li><a href="https://jobs.theconversation.com/search/organisations/the-conversation/the-conversation-us">Work with us</a></li>
        </ul>
      </nav>
    </section>

    <section class="footer-subscription grid-six large-grid-five grid-last">
      <h6>Stay informed and subscribe to our free daily newsletter and get the latest analysis and commentary directly in your inbox.</h6>

      <div class="newsletter-signup-form">
  <form action="/subscriptions" method="post" class="subscription-newsletter-form">
    <input type="hidden" name="subscribe[location]" id="subscribe_location" value="footer" />
    <input type="hidden" name="subscribe[newsletter_list_id]" id="subscribe_newsletter_list_id" value="3" />

    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Subscribe" class="subscribe button primary" />

    <div class="field-wrapper">
      <label class="subscribe-email-label" for="subscribe_email">
        Email address
      </label>

      <div class="subscription-newsletter-status">
        <i class="success-icon">✔</i>
        <i class="icon-delete failure-icon"></i>
        <img class="spinner-icon" src="/assets/spinner-9643e2633c59d728d78b58f465f2fb9c.gif" alt="Spinner" />
      </div>

      <input type="email" name="subscribe[email]" id="subscribe_email" value="" placeholder="Your email address" class="email" spellcheck="false" />
    </div>
  </form>
</div>

      <div class="sitewide-social-media">
        <h6>Follow us on social media</h6>

        <ul>
          <li class="facebook">
            <a title="The Conversation on Facebook" href="https://facebook.com/theConversationUS">
              <i class="icon-facebook-simple"></i>
</a>          </li>
          <li>
            <a title="The Conversation on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ConversationUS">
              <i class="icon-twitter"></i>
</a>          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </section>
  </div>
</section>

    <footer id="footer">
  <div class="wrapper nocontent">
    <nav>
      <a href="/us/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a>
      <a href="/us/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a>
      <a href="/us/corrections">Corrections</a>
      <script>
  (function() {
    var img = document.createElement('img'); img.width = 1; img.height = 1;
    img.src = 'https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1517004835184558&amp;ev=NoScript';
    img.style.display = "none";
    var s = document.getElementsByTagName('footer')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(img, s);
  })();
</script>

    </nav>
    <p class="copyright">
      <span>Copyright &copy; 2010–2018</span><span class="comma">, </span><span><a href="/us/who-we-are">The Conversation US, Inc.</a></span>
    </p>
  </div>
</footer>

  </div>

  </div>

  <script>
//<![CDATA[
!function(e){var n=window.webpackJsonp;window.webpackJsonp=function(r,o,c){for(var f,u,i,d=0,s=[];d<r.length;d++)u=r[d],t[u]&&s.push(t[u][0]),t[u]=0;for(f in o)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,f)&&(e[f]=o[f]);for(n&&n(r,o,c);s.length;)s.shift()();if(c)for(d=0;d<c.length;d++)i=a(a.s=c[d]);return i};var r={},t={15:0};function a(n){if(r[n])return r[n].exports;var t=r[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[n].call(t.exports,t,t.exports,a),t.l=!0,t.exports}a.e=function(e){var n=t[e];if(0===n)return new Promise(function(e){e()});if(n)return n[2];var r=new Promise(function(r,a){n=t[e]=[r,a]});n[2]=r;var o=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],c=document.createElement("script");c.type="text/javascript",c.charset="utf-8",c.async=!0,c.timeout=12e4,a.nc&&c.setAttribute("nonce",a.nc),c.src=a.p+""+e+"-"+{0:"0486a520daa4d6fe04bf",1:"15235ccf20c8227e745a",2:"9bf84cc9dd0065b4f041",3:"7c87081e6a2a461527b1",4:"6512a4478a1583b607a7",5:"d82f7c4d94a510fe778b",6:"81e9bee0f832515c6111",7:"fed7d706efcc3d7ab8ce",8:"179df80fff5f409ce303",9:"1f81ed5c54b5075486d2",10:"633d37dda866698fae6e",11:"24b31a24a0b2d29223a5",12:"18afe8b51b900b13642a",13:"6c56a99f9cc293cabf7b",14:"3f12a99e9c1b21af6675"}[e]+".js";var f=setTimeout(u,12e4);function u(){c.onerror=c.onload=null,clearTimeout(f);var n=t[e];0!==n&&(n&&n[1](new Error("Loading chunk "+e+" failed.")),t[e]=void 0)}return c.onerror=c.onload=u,o.appendChild(c),r},a.m=e,a.c=r,a.d=function(e,n,r){a.o(e,n)||Object.defineProperty(e,n,{configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,get:r})},a.n=function(e){var n=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return a.d(n,"a",n),n},a.o=function(e,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,n)},a.p="/assets/",a.oe=function(e){throw e}}([]);
//# sourceMappingURL=manifest-502407f9982cf377d693.js.map
//]]>
</script>
  <script src="/assets/vendor-7c87081e6a2a461527b1.js"></script>
  <script src="/assets/application-6512a4478a1583b607a7.js"></script>

  <script>
//<![CDATA[

  TC.locale = "en-US";
  TC.localePath = "/assets/en-US-c7d0794638f774274b5d282c49972ea2.json";
  TC.init = function() {
    TC.time = new TC.TimeFormatter(TC.locale);
    TC.currentUser = new TC.User(null);
      TC.page = new TC.ContentPage({
    content_id: 83134,
    content_slug: "flooding-from-hurricane-harvey-causes-a-host-of-public-health-concerns-83134",
    comments_closed_at: "",
    search_referrer: {
      adapter: "",
      query: "",
      rank: "",
      region: "us",
    }
  });

  }

//]]>
</script>
<script>
//<![CDATA[
webpackJsonp([5],{1249:function(t,e,n){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0});var o=n(1250),r=n(1260),i=n.n(r),a=n(1264);window.i18n=o.a,i18n.use(i.a).init({backend:{loadPath:TC.localePath,crossDomain:!1},lng:TC.locale},function(t){t&&t.length&&Object(a.a)("/no_js_locale?message="+t[0]);try{TC.init()}catch(t){throw Object(a.a)("/js_init_failure?message="+t),t}})},1250:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(1251);e.a=o.a;o.a.changeLanguage.bind(o.a),o.a.cloneInstance.bind(o.a),o.a.createInstance.bind(o.a),o.a.dir.bind(o.a),o.a.exists.bind(o.a),o.a.getFixedT.bind(o.a),o.a.init.bind(o.a),o.a.loadLanguages.bind(o.a),o.a.loadNamespaces.bind(o.a),o.a.loadResources.bind(o.a),o.a.off.bind(o.a),o.a.on.bind(o.a),o.a.setDefaultNamespace.bind(o.a),o.a.t.bind(o.a),o.a.use.bind(o.a)},1251:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(64),r=n(168),i=n(1252),a=n(1253),s=n(1254),c=n(1255),l=n(1256),u=n(1257),p=n(1258),f=n(1259),h=n(388),g=n(389),d=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t};function y(t,e){if(!t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!e||"object"!=typeof e&&"function"!=typeof e?t:e}function v(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof e);t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):function(t,e){for(var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e),o=0;o<n.length;o++){var r=n[o],i=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r);i&&i.configurable&&void 0===t[r]&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,i)}}(t,e))}function b(){}var m=function(t){function e(){var n=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},r=arguments[1];!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e);var i=y(this,t.call(this));if(i.options=Object(f.b)(n),i.services={},i.logger=o.a,i.modules={external:[]},r&&!i.isInitialized&&!n.isClone){var a;if(!i.options.initImmediate)return a=i.init(n,r),y(i,a);setTimeout(function(){i.init(n,r)},0)}return i}return v(e,t),e.prototype.init=function(t,e){var n=this;function r(t){return t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null}if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t,t={}),t||(t={}),"v1"===t.compatibilityAPI?this.options=d({},Object(f.a)(),Object(f.b)(g.b(t)),{}):"v1"===t.compatibilityJSON?this.options=d({},Object(f.a)(),Object(f.b)(g.c(t)),{}):this.options=d({},Object(f.a)(),this.options,Object(f.b)(t)),this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,e||(e=b),!this.options.isClone){this.modules.logger?o.a.init(r(this.modules.logger),this.options):o.a.init(null,this.options);var h=new s.a(this.options);this.store=new i.a(this.options.resources,this.options);var y=this.services;y.logger=o.a,y.resourceStore=this.store,y.resourceStore.on("added removed",function(t,e){y.cacheConnector.save()}),y.languageUtils=h,y.pluralResolver=new c.a(h,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,compatibilityJSON:this.options.compatibilityJSON,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),y.interpolator=new l.a(this.options),y.backendConnector=new u.a(r(this.modules.backend),y.resourceStore,y,this.options),y.backendConnector.on("*",function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,o=Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)o[r-1]=arguments[r];n.emit.apply(n,[t].concat(o))}),y.backendConnector.on("loaded",function(t){y.cacheConnector.save()}),y.cacheConnector=new p.a(r(this.modules.cache),y.resourceStore,y,this.options),y.cacheConnector.on("*",function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,o=Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)o[r-1]=arguments[r];n.emit.apply(n,[t].concat(o))}),this.modules.languageDetector&&(y.languageDetector=r(this.modules.languageDetector),y.languageDetector.init(y,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.translator=new a.a(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,o=Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)o[r-1]=arguments[r];n.emit.apply(n,[t].concat(o))}),this.modules.external.forEach(function(t){t.init&&t.init(n)})}["getResource","addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle"].forEach(function(t){n[t]=function(){var e;return(e=n.store)[t].apply(e,arguments)}}),"v1"===this.options.compatibilityAPI&&g.a(this);var v=function(){n.changeLanguage(n.options.lng,function(t,o){n.isInitialized=!0,n.logger.log("initialized",n.options),n.emit("initialized",n.options),e(t,o)})};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initImmediate?v():setTimeout(v,0),this},e.prototype.loadResources=function(){var t=this,e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:b;if(this.options.resources)e(null);else{if(this.language&&"cimode"===this.language.toLowerCase())return e();var n=[],o=function(e){e&&t.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach(function(t){n.indexOf(t)<0&&n.push(t)})};if(this.language)o(this.language);else this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach(function(t){return o(t)});this.options.preload&&this.options.preload.forEach(function(t){return o(t)}),this.services.cacheConnector.load(n,this.options.ns,function(){t.services.backendConnector.load(n,t.options.ns,e)})}},e.prototype.reloadResources=function(t,e){t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e)},e.prototype.use=function(t){return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),"cache"===t.type&&(this.modules.cache=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&h.a.addPostProcessor(t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this},e.prototype.changeLanguage=function(t,e){var n=this,o=function(t){t&&(n.language=t,n.languages=n.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),n.translator.changeLanguage(t),n.services.languageDetector&&n.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(t)),n.loadResources(function(o){!function(t,o){o&&(n.emit("languageChanged",o),n.logger.log("languageChanged",o)),e&&e(t,function(){return n.t.apply(n,arguments)})}(o,t)})};t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?this.services.languageDetector.detect(o):o(t):o(this.services.languageDetector.detect())},e.prototype.getFixedT=function(t,e){var n=this,o=function t(e){var o=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},r=d({},o);return r.lng=r.lng||t.lng,r.lngs=r.lngs||t.lngs,r.ns=r.ns||t.ns,n.t(e,r)};return"string"==typeof t?o.lng=t:o.lngs=t,o.ns=e,o},e.prototype.t=function(){var t;return this.translator&&(t=this.translator).translate.apply(t,arguments)},e.prototype.exists=function(){var t;return this.translator&&(t=this.translator).exists.apply(t,arguments)},e.prototype.setDefaultNamespace=function(t){this.options.defaultNS=t},e.prototype.loadNamespaces=function(t,e){var n=this;if(!this.options.ns)return e&&e();"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]),t.forEach(function(t){n.options.ns.indexOf(t)<0&&n.options.ns.push(t)}),this.loadResources(e)},e.prototype.loadLanguages=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);var n=this.options.preload||[],o=t.filter(function(t){return n.indexOf(t)<0});if(!o.length)return e();this.options.preload=n.concat(o),this.loadResources(e)},e.prototype.dir=function(t){if(t||(t=this.languages&&this.languages.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language),!t)return"rtl";return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam"].indexOf(this.services.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))>=0?"rtl":"ltr"},e.prototype.createInstance=function(){return new e(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments[1])},e.prototype.cloneInstance=function(){var t=this,n=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},o=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:b,r=d({},this.options,n,{isClone:!0}),i=new e(r,o);return["store","services","language"].forEach(function(e){i[e]=t[e]}),i.translator=new a.a(i.services,i.options),i.translator.on("*",function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=Array(e>1?e-1:0),o=1;o<e;o++)n[o-1]=arguments[o];i.emit.apply(i,[t].concat(n))}),i.init(r,o),i},e}(r.a);e.a=new m},1252:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(168),r=n(187),i=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t};function a(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof e);t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):function(t,e){for(var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e),o=0;o<n.length;o++){var r=n[o],i=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r);i&&i.configurable&&void 0===t[r]&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,i)}}(t,e))}var s=function(t){function e(){var n=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},o=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{ns:["translation"],defaultNS:"translation"};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e);var r=function(t,e){if(!t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!e||"object"!=typeof e&&"function"!=typeof e?t:e}(this,t.call(this));return r.data=n,r.options=o,r}return a(e,t),e.prototype.addNamespaces=function(t){this.options.ns.indexOf(t)<0&&this.options.ns.push(t)},e.prototype.removeNamespaces=function(t){var e=this.options.ns.indexOf(t);e>-1&&this.options.ns.splice(e,1)},e.prototype.getResource=function(t,e,n){var o=(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{}).keySeparator||this.options.keySeparator;void 0===o&&(o=".");var i=[t,e];return n&&"string"!=typeof n&&(i=i.concat(n)),n&&"string"==typeof n&&(i=i.concat(o?n.split(o):n)),t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(i=t.split(".")),r.d(this.data,i)},e.prototype.addResource=function(t,e,n,o){var i=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:{silent:!1},a=this.options.keySeparator;void 0===a&&(a=".");var s=[t,e];n&&(s=s.concat(a?n.split(a):n)),t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(o=e,e=(s=t.split("."))[1]),this.addNamespaces(e),r.h(this.data,s,o),i.silent||this.emit("added",t,e,n,o)},e.prototype.addResources=function(t,e,n){for(var o in n)"string"==typeof n[o]&&this.addResource(t,e,o,n[o],{silent:!0});this.emit("added",t,e,n)},e.prototype.addResourceBundle=function(t,e,n,o,a){var s=[t,e];t.indexOf(".")>-1&&(o=n,n=e,e=(s=t.split("."))[1]),this.addNamespaces(e);var c=r.d(this.data,s)||{};o?r.b(c,n,a):c=i({},c,n),r.h(this.data,s,c),this.emit("added",t,e,n)},e.prototype.removeResourceBundle=function(t,e){this.hasResourceBundle(t,e)&&delete this.data[t][e],this.removeNamespaces(e),this.emit("removed",t,e)},e.prototype.hasResourceBundle=function(t,e){return void 0!==this.getResource(t,e)},e.prototype.getResourceBundle=function(t,e){return e||(e=this.options.defaultNS),"v1"===this.options.compatibilityAPI?i({},this.getResource(t,e)):this.getResource(t,e)},e.prototype.toJSON=function(){return this.data},e}(o.a);e.a=s},1253:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(64),r=n(168),i=n(388),a=n(389),s=n(187),c=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t},l="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t};function u(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof e);t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):function(t,e){for(var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e),o=0;o<n.length;o++){var r=n[o],i=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r);i&&i.configurable&&void 0===t[r]&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,i)}}(t,e))}var p=function(t){function e(n){var r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e);var i=function(t,e){if(!t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!e||"object"!=typeof e&&"function"!=typeof e?t:e}(this,t.call(this));return s.a(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector"],n,i),i.options=r,i.logger=o.a.create("translator"),i}return u(e,t),e.prototype.changeLanguage=function(t){t&&(this.language=t)},e.prototype.exists=function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};return"v1"===this.options.compatibilityAPI&&(e=a.d(e)),void 0!==this.resolve(t,e)},e.prototype.extractFromKey=function(t,e){var n=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===n&&(n=":");var o=e.keySeparator||this.options.keySeparator||".",r=e.ns||this.options.defaultNS;if(n&&t.indexOf(n)>-1){var i=t.split(n);(n!==o||n===o&&this.options.ns.indexOf(i[0])>-1)&&(r=i.shift()),t=i.join(o)}return"string"==typeof r&&(r=[r]),{key:t,namespaces:r}},e.prototype.translate=function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if("object"!==(void 0===e?"undefined":l(e))?e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments):"v1"===this.options.compatibilityAPI&&(e=a.d(e)),void 0===t||null===t||""===t)return"";"number"==typeof t&&(t=String(t)),"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);var n=e.keySeparator||this.options.keySeparator||".",o=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),r=o.key,i=o.namespaces,s=i[i.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,p=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if(u&&"cimode"===u.toLowerCase())return p?s+(e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator)+r:r;var f=this.resolve(t,e),h=Object.prototype.toString.apply(f),g=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays;if(f&&"string"!=typeof f&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(h)<0&&(!g||"[object Array]"!==h)){if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects)return this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!"),this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(r,f,e):"key '"+r+" ("+this.language+")' returned an object instead of string.";if(e.keySeparator||this.options.keySeparator){var d="[object Array]"===h?[]:{};for(var y in f)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(f,y)&&(d[y]=this.translate(""+r+n+y,c({},e,{joinArrays:!1,ns:i})));f=d}}else if(g&&"[object Array]"===h)(f=f.join(g))&&(f=this.extendTranslation(f,r,e));else{var v=!1,b=!1;if(this.isValidLookup(f)||void 0===e.defaultValue||(v=!0,f=e.defaultValue),this.isValidLookup(f)||(b=!0,f=r),b||v){this.logger.log("missingKey",u,s,r,f);var m=[],x=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&x&&x[0])for(var O=0;O<x.length;O++)m.push(x[O]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?m=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):m.push(e.lng||this.language);this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(m,s,r,f):this.backendConnector&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(m,s,r,f)),this.emit("missingKey",m,s,r,f)}f=this.extendTranslation(f,r,e),b&&f===r&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(f=s+":"+r),b&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(f=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(f))}return f},e.prototype.extendTranslation=function(t,e,n){var o=this;n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init(c({},n,{interpolation:c({},this.options.interpolation,n.interpolation)}));var r=n.replace&&"string"!=typeof n.replace?n.replace:n;this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r=c({},this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,r)),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,r,n.lng||this.language),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,function(){return o.translate.apply(o,arguments)},n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset();var a=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,s="string"==typeof a?[a]:a;return void 0!==t&&s&&s.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=i.a.handle(s,t,e,n,this)),t},e.prototype.resolve=function(t){var e=this,n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},o=void 0;return"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]),t.forEach(function(t){if(!e.isValidLookup(o)){var r=e.extractFromKey(t,n),i=r.key,a=r.namespaces;e.options.fallbackNS&&(a=a.concat(e.options.fallbackNS));var s=void 0!==n.count&&"string"!=typeof n.count,c=void 0!==n.context&&"string"==typeof n.context&&""!==n.context,l=n.lngs?n.lngs:e.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(n.lng||e.language);a.forEach(function(t){e.isValidLookup(o)||l.forEach(function(r){if(!e.isValidLookup(o)){var a=i,l=[a],u=void 0;s&&(u=e.pluralResolver.getSuffix(r,n.count)),s&&c&&l.push(a+u),c&&l.push(a+=""+e.options.contextSeparator+n.context),s&&l.push(a+=u);for(var p=void 0;p=l.pop();)e.isValidLookup(o)||(o=e.getResource(r,t,p,n))}})})}}),o},e.prototype.isValidLookup=function(t){return!(void 0===t||!this.options.returnNull&&null===t||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===t)},e.prototype.getResource=function(t,e,n){var o=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,o)},e}(r.a);e.a=p},1254:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(64);function r(t){return t.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+t.slice(1)}var i=function(){function t(e){!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.options=e,this.whitelist=this.options.whitelist||!1,this.logger=o.a.create("languageUtils")}return t.prototype.getScriptPartFromCode=function(t){if(!t||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;var e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))},t.prototype.getLanguagePartFromCode=function(t){if(!t||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;var e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])},t.prototype.formatLanguageCode=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){var e=["hans","hant","latn","cyrl","cans","mong","arab"],n=t.split("-");return this.options.lowerCaseLng?n=n.map(function(t){return t.toLowerCase()}):2===n.length?(n[0]=n[0].toLowerCase(),n[1]=n[1].toUpperCase(),e.indexOf(n[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(n[1]=r(n[1].toLowerCase()))):3===n.length&&(n[0]=n[0].toLowerCase(),2===n[1].length&&(n[1]=n[1].toUpperCase()),"sgn"!==n[0]&&2===n[2].length&&(n[2]=n[2].toUpperCase()),e.indexOf(n[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(n[1]=r(n[1].toLowerCase())),e.indexOf(n[2].toLowerCase())>-1&&(n[2]=r(n[2].toLowerCase()))),n.join("-")}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t},t.prototype.isWhitelisted=function(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitWhitelist)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.whitelist||!this.whitelist.length||this.whitelist.indexOf(t)>-1},t.prototype.getFallbackCodes=function(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]),"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.apply(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];var n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]},t.prototype.toResolveHierarchy=function(t,e){var n=this,o=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],i=function(t){t&&(n.isWhitelisted(t)?r.push(t):n.logger.warn("rejecting non-whitelisted language code: "+t))};return"string"==typeof t&&t.indexOf("-")>-1?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&i(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&i(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&i(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):"string"==typeof t&&i(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),o.forEach(function(t){r.indexOf(t)<0&&i(n.formatLanguageCode(t))}),r},t}();e.a=i},1255:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(64);var r=[{lngs:["ach","ak","am","arn","br","fil","gun","ln","mfe","mg","mi","oc","tg","ti","tr","uz","wa"],nr:[1,2],fc:1},{lngs:["af","an","ast","az","bg","bn","ca","da","de","dev","el","en","eo","es","es_ar","et","eu","fi","fo","fur","fy","gl","gu","ha","he","hi","hu","hy","ia","it","kn","ku","lb","mai","ml","mn","mr","nah","nap","nb","ne","nl","nn","no","nso","pa","pap","pms","ps","pt","pt_br","rm","sco","se","si","so","son","sq","sv","sw","ta","te","tk","ur","yo"],nr:[1,2],fc:2},{lngs:["ay","bo","cgg","fa","id","ja","jbo","ka","kk","km","ko","ky","lo","ms","sah","su","th","tt","ug","vi","wo","zh"],nr:[1],fc:3},{lngs:["be","bs","dz","hr","ru","sr","uk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:4},{lngs:["ar"],nr:[0,1,2,3,11,100],fc:5},{lngs:["cs","sk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:6},{lngs:["csb","pl"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:7},{lngs:["cy"],nr:[1,2,3,8],fc:8},{lngs:["fr"],nr:[1,2],fc:9},{lngs:["ga"],nr:[1,2,3,7,11],fc:10},{lngs:["gd"],nr:[1,2,3,20],fc:11},{lngs:["is"],nr:[1,2],fc:12},{lngs:["jv"],nr:[0,1],fc:13},{lngs:["kw"],nr:[1,2,3,4],fc:14},{lngs:["lt"],nr:[1,2,10],fc:15},{lngs:["lv"],nr:[1,2,0],fc:16},{lngs:["mk"],nr:[1,2],fc:17},{lngs:["mnk"],nr:[0,1,2],fc:18},{lngs:["mt"],nr:[1,2,11,20],fc:19},{lngs:["or"],nr:[2,1],fc:2},{lngs:["ro"],nr:[1,2,20],fc:20},{lngs:["sl"],nr:[5,1,2,3],fc:21}],i={1:function(t){return Number(t>1)},2:function(t){return Number(1!=t)},3:function(t){return 0},4:function(t){return Number(t%10==1&&t%100!=11?0:t%10>=2&&t%10<=4&&(t%100<10||t%100>=20)?1:2)},5:function(t){return Number(0===t?0:1==t?1:2==t?2:t%100>=3&&t%100<=10?3:t%100>=11?4:5)},6:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:t>=2&&t<=4?1:2)},7:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:t%10>=2&&t%10<=4&&(t%100<10||t%100>=20)?1:2)},8:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:2==t?1:8!=t&&11!=t?2:3)},9:function(t){return Number(t>=2)},10:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:2==t?1:t<7?2:t<11?3:4)},11:function(t){return Number(1==t||11==t?0:2==t||12==t?1:t>2&&t<20?2:3)},12:function(t){return Number(t%10!=1||t%100==11)},13:function(t){return Number(0!==t)},14:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:2==t?1:3==t?2:3)},15:function(t){return Number(t%10==1&&t%100!=11?0:t%10>=2&&(t%100<10||t%100>=20)?1:2)},16:function(t){return Number(t%10==1&&t%100!=11?0:0!==t?1:2)},17:function(t){return Number(1==t||t%10==1?0:1)},18:function(t){return Number(0==t?0:1==t?1:2)},19:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:0===t||t%100>1&&t%100<11?1:t%100>10&&t%100<20?2:3)},20:function(t){return Number(1==t?0:0===t||t%100>0&&t%100<20?1:2)},21:function(t){return Number(t%100==1?1:t%100==2?2:t%100==3||t%100==4?3:0)}};var a=function(){function t(e){var n,a=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.languageUtils=e,this.options=a,this.logger=o.a.create("pluralResolver"),this.rules=(n={},r.forEach(function(t){t.lngs.forEach(function(e){n[e]={numbers:t.nr,plurals:i[t.fc]}})}),n)}return t.prototype.addRule=function(t,e){this.rules[t]=e},t.prototype.getRule=function(t){return this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)]},t.prototype.needsPlural=function(t){var e=this.getRule(t);return e&&e.numbers.length>1},t.prototype.getSuffix=function(t,e){var n=this,o=this.getRule(t);if(o){if(1===o.numbers.length)return"";var r=o.noAbs?o.plurals(e):o.plurals(Math.abs(e)),i=o.numbers[r];this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix&&2===o.numbers.length&&1===o.numbers[0]&&(2===i?i="plural":1===i&&(i=""));var a=function(){return n.options.prepend&&i.toString()?n.options.prepend+i.toString():i.toString()};return"v1"===this.options.compatibilityJSON?1===i?"":"number"==typeof i?"_plural_"+i.toString():a():"v2"===this.options.compatibilityJSON||2===o.numbers.length&&1===o.numbers[0]?a():2===o.numbers.length&&1===o.numbers[0]?a():this.options.prepend&&r.toString()?this.options.prepend+r.toString():r.toString()}return this.logger.warn("no plural rule found for: "+t),""},t}();e.a=a},1256:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(187),r=n(64),i=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t};var a=function(){function t(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.logger=r.a.create("interpolator"),this.init(e,!0)}return t.prototype.init=function(){var t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};arguments[1]&&(this.options=t,this.format=t.interpolation&&t.interpolation.format||function(t){return t},this.escape=t.interpolation&&t.interpolation.escape||o.c),t.interpolation||(t.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});var e=t.interpolation;this.escapeValue=void 0===e.escapeValue||e.escapeValue,this.prefix=e.prefix?o.g(e.prefix):e.prefixEscaped||"{{",this.suffix=e.suffix?o.g(e.suffix):e.suffixEscaped||"}}",this.formatSeparator=e.formatSeparator?e.formatSeparator:e.formatSeparator||",",this.unescapePrefix=e.unescapeSuffix?"":e.unescapePrefix||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":e.unescapeSuffix||"",this.nestingPrefix=e.nestingPrefix?o.g(e.nestingPrefix):e.nestingPrefixEscaped||o.g("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=e.nestingSuffix?o.g(e.nestingSuffix):e.nestingSuffixEscaped||o.g(")"),this.resetRegExp()},t.prototype.reset=function(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)},t.prototype.resetRegExp=function(){var t=this.prefix+"(.+?)"+this.suffix;this.regexp=new RegExp(t,"g");var e=""+this.prefix+this.unescapePrefix+"(.+?)"+this.unescapeSuffix+this.suffix;this.regexpUnescape=new RegExp(e,"g");var n=this.nestingPrefix+"(.+?)"+this.nestingSuffix;this.nestingRegexp=new RegExp(n,"g")},t.prototype.interpolate=function(t,e,n){var r=this,i=void 0,a=void 0;function s(t){return t.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$")}var c=function(t){if(t.indexOf(r.formatSeparator)<0)return o.d(e,t);var i=t.split(r.formatSeparator),a=i.shift().trim(),s=i.join(r.formatSeparator).trim();return r.format(o.d(e,a),s,n)};for(this.resetRegExp();i=this.regexpUnescape.exec(t);)a=c(i[1].trim()),t=t.replace(i[0],a),this.regexpUnescape.lastIndex=0;for(;i=this.regexp.exec(t);)"string"!=typeof(a=c(i[1].trim()))&&(a=o.e(a)),a||(this.logger.warn("missed to pass in variable "+i[1]+" for interpolating "+t),a=""),a=this.escapeValue?s(this.escape(a)):s(a),t=t.replace(i[0],a),this.regexp.lastIndex=0;return t},t.prototype.nest=function(t,e){var n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=void 0,a=void 0,s=i({},n);function c(t){if(t.indexOf(",")<0)return t;var e=t.split(",");t=e.shift();var n=e.join(",");n=(n=this.interpolate(n,s)).replace(/'/g,'"');try{s=JSON.parse(n)}catch(e){this.logger.error("failed parsing options string in nesting for key "+t,e)}return t}for(s.applyPostProcessor=!1;r=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){if((a=e(c.call(this,r[1].trim()),s))&&r[0]===t&&"string"!=typeof a)return a;"string"!=typeof a&&(a=o.e(a)),a||(this.logger.warn("missed to resolve "+r[1]+" for nesting "+t),a=""),t=t.replace(r[0],a),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t},t}();e.a=a},1257:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(187),r=n(64),i=n(168),a=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t},s=function(){return function(t,e){if(Array.isArray(t))return t;if(Symbol.iterator in Object(t))return function(t,e){var n=[],o=!0,r=!1,i=void 0;try{for(var a,s=t[Symbol.iterator]();!(o=(a=s.next()).done)&&(n.push(a.value),!e||n.length!==e);o=!0);}catch(t){r=!0,i=t}finally{try{!o&&s.return&&s.return()}finally{if(r)throw i}}return n}(t,e);throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to destructure non-iterable instance")}}();function c(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof e);t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):function(t,e){for(var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e),o=0;o<n.length;o++){var r=n[o],i=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r);i&&i.configurable&&void 0===t[r]&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,i)}}(t,e))}var l=function(t){function e(n,o,i){var a=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e);var s=function(t,e){if(!t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!e||"object"!=typeof e&&"function"!=typeof e?t:e}(this,t.call(this));return s.backend=n,s.store=o,s.services=i,s.options=a,s.logger=r.a.create("backendConnector"),s.state={},s.queue=[],s.backend&&s.backend.init&&s.backend.init(i,a.backend,a),s}return c(e,t),e.prototype.queueLoad=function(t,e,n){var o=this,r=[],i=[],a=[],s=[];return t.forEach(function(t){var n=!0;e.forEach(function(e){var a=t+"|"+e;o.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?o.state[a]=2:o.state[a]<0||(1===o.state[a]?i.indexOf(a)<0&&i.push(a):(o.state[a]=1,n=!1,i.indexOf(a)<0&&i.push(a),r.indexOf(a)<0&&r.push(a),s.indexOf(e)<0&&s.push(e)))}),n||a.push(t)}),(r.length||i.length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:n}),{toLoad:r,pending:i,toLoadLanguages:a,toLoadNamespaces:s}},e.prototype.loaded=function(t,e,n){var r=this,i=t.split("|"),a=s(i,2),c=a[0],l=a[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",c,l,e),n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(c,l,n),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,this.queue.forEach(function(n){o.f(n.loaded,[c],l),function(t,e){for(var n=t.indexOf(e);-1!==n;)t.splice(n,1),n=t.indexOf(e)}(n.pending,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pending.length||n.done||(r.emit("loaded",n.loaded),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())}),this.queue=this.queue.filter(function(t){return!t.done})},e.prototype.read=function(t,e,n){var o=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,r=this,i=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:250,a=arguments[5];return t.length?this.backend[n](t,e,function(s,c){s&&c&&o<5?setTimeout(function(){r.read.call(r,t,e,n,o+1,2*i,a)},i):a(s,c)}):a(null,{})},e.prototype.load=function(t,e,n){var r=this;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),n&&n();var i=a({},this.backend.options,this.options.backend);"string"==typeof t&&(t=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]);var c=this.queueLoad(t,e,n);if(!c.toLoad.length)return c.pending.length||n(),null;i.allowMultiLoading&&this.backend.readMulti?this.read(c.toLoadLanguages,c.toLoadNamespaces,"readMulti",null,null,function(t,e){t&&r.logger.warn("loading namespaces "+c.toLoadNamespaces.join(", ")+" for languages "+c.toLoadLanguages.join(", ")+" via multiloading failed",t),!t&&e&&r.logger.log("successfully loaded namespaces "+c.toLoadNamespaces.join(", ")+" for languages "+c.toLoadLanguages.join(", ")+" via multiloading",e),c.toLoad.forEach(function(n){var i=n.split("|"),a=s(i,2),c=a[0],l=a[1],u=o.d(e,[c,l]);if(u)r.loaded(n,t,u);else{var p="loading namespace "+l+" for language "+c+" via multiloading failed";r.loaded(n,p),r.logger.error(p)}})}):c.toLoad.forEach(function(t){r.loadOne(t)})},e.prototype.reload=function(t,e){var n=this;this.backend||this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources.");var r=a({},this.backend.options,this.options.backend);"string"==typeof t&&(t=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),r.allowMultiLoading&&this.backend.readMulti?this.read(t,e,"readMulti",null,null,function(r,i){r&&n.logger.warn("reloading namespaces "+e.join(", ")+" for languages "+t.join(", ")+" via multiloading failed",r),!r&&i&&n.logger.log("successfully reloaded namespaces "+e.join(", ")+" for languages "+t.join(", ")+" via multiloading",i),t.forEach(function(t){e.forEach(function(e){var a=o.d(i,[t,e]);if(a)n.loaded(t+"|"+e,r,a);else{var s="reloading namespace "+e+" for language "+t+" via multiloading failed";n.loaded(t+"|"+e,s),n.logger.error(s)}})})}):t.forEach(function(t){e.forEach(function(e){n.loadOne(t+"|"+e,"re")})})},e.prototype.loadOne=function(t){var e=this,n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"",o=t.split("|"),r=s(o,2),i=r[0],a=r[1];this.read(i,a,"read",null,null,function(o,r){o&&e.logger.warn(n+"loading namespace "+a+" for language "+i+" failed",o),!o&&r&&e.logger.log(n+"loaded namespace "+a+" for language "+i,r),e.loaded(t,o,r)})},e.prototype.saveMissing=function(t,e,n,o){this.backend&&this.backend.create&&this.backend.create(t,e,n,o),t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,o)},e}(i.a);e.a=l},1258:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=n(64),r=n(168),i=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t};function a(t,e){if("function"!=typeof e&&null!==e)throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not "+typeof e);t.prototype=Object.create(e&&e.prototype,{constructor:{value:t,enumerable:!1,writable:!0,configurable:!0}}),e&&(Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf(t,e):function(t,e){for(var n=Object.getOwnPropertyNames(e),o=0;o<n.length;o++){var r=n[o],i=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,r);i&&i.configurable&&void 0===t[r]&&Object.defineProperty(t,r,i)}}(t,e))}var s=function(t){function e(n,r,i){var a=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e);var s=function(t,e){if(!t)throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called");return!e||"object"!=typeof e&&"function"!=typeof e?t:e}(this,t.call(this));return s.cache=n,s.store=r,s.services=i,s.options=a,s.logger=o.a.create("cacheConnector"),s.cache&&s.cache.init&&s.cache.init(i,a.cache,a),s}return a(e,t),e.prototype.load=function(t,e,n){var o=this;if(!this.cache)return n&&n();var r=i({},this.cache.options,this.options.cache),a="string"==typeof t?this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t):t;r.enabled?this.cache.load(a,function(t,e){if(t&&o.logger.error("loading languages "+a.join(", ")+" from cache failed",t),e)for(var r in e)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,r))for(var i in e[r])if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e[r],i)&&"i18nStamp"!==i){var s=e[r][i];s&&o.store.addResourceBundle(r,i,s)}n&&n()}):n&&n()},e.prototype.save=function(){this.cache&&this.options.cache&&this.options.cache.enabled&&this.cache.save(this.store.data)},e}(r.a);e.a=s},1259:function(t,e,n){"use strict";function o(){return{debug:!1,initImmediate:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,whitelist:!1,nonExplicitWhitelist:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",saveMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",missingKeyHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,returnNull:!0,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:function(){},parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:function(t){return{defaultValue:t[1]}},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:function(t,e,n){return t},prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",defaultVariables:void 0}}}n.d(e,"a",function(){return o}),e.b=function(t){"string"==typeof t.ns&&(t.ns=[t.ns]);"string"==typeof t.fallbackLng&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]);"string"==typeof t.fallbackNS&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]);t.whitelist&&t.whitelist.indexOf("cimode")<0&&t.whitelist.push("cimode");return t}},1260:function(t,e,n){t.exports=n(1261).default},1261:function(t,e,n){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0});var o,r=function(){function t(t,e){for(var n=0;n<e.length;n++){var o=e[n];o.enumerable=o.enumerable||!1,o.configurable=!0,"value"in o&&(o.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(t,o.key,o)}}return function(e,n,o){return n&&t(e.prototype,n),o&&t(e,o),e}}(),i=function(t){if(t&&t.__esModule)return t;var e={};if(null!=t)for(var n in t)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&(e[n]=t[n]);return e.default=t,e}(n(1262)),a=n(1263),s=(o=a)&&o.__esModule?o:{default:o};var c=function(){function t(e){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.init(e,n),this.type="backend"}return r(t,[{key:"init",value:function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.services=t,this.options=i.defaults(e,this.options||{},{loadPath:"/locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json",addPath:"locales/add/{{lng}}/{{ns}}",allowMultiLoading:!1,parse:JSON.parse,crossDomain:!1,ajax:s.default})}},{key:"readMulti",value:function(t,e,n){var o=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(o=this.options.loadPath(t,e));var r=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(o,{lng:t.join("+"),ns:e.join("+")});this.loadUrl(r,n)}},{key:"read",value:function(t,e,n){var o=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(o=this.options.loadPath([t],[e]));var r=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(o,{lng:t,ns:e});this.loadUrl(r,n)}},{key:"loadUrl",value:function(t,e){var n=this;this.options.ajax(t,this.options,function(o,r){if(r.status>=500&&r.status<600)return e("failed loading "+t,!0);if(r.status>=400&&r.status<500)return e("failed loading "+t,!1);var i=void 0,a=void 0;try{i=n.options.parse(o,t)}catch(e){a="failed parsing "+t+" to json"}if(a)return e(a,!1);e(null,i)})}},{key:"create",value:function(t,e,n,o){var r=this;"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);var i={};i[n]=o||"",t.forEach(function(t){var n=r.services.interpolator.interpolate(r.options.addPath,{lng:t,ns:e});r.options.ajax(n,r.options,function(t,e){},i)})}}]),t}();c.type="backend",e.default=c},1262:function(t,e,n){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0}),e.defaults=function(t){return r.call(i.call(arguments,1),function(e){if(e)for(var n in e)void 0===t[n]&&(t[n]=e[n])}),t},e.extend=function(t){return r.call(i.call(arguments,1),function(e){if(e)for(var n in e)t[n]=e[n]}),t};var o=[],r=o.forEach,i=o.slice},1263:function(t,e,n){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0});var o="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t};function r(t,e){if(e&&"object"===(void 0===e?"undefined":o(e))){var n="",r=encodeURIComponent;for(var i in e)n+="&"+r(i)+"="+r(e[i]);if(!n)return t;t=t+(-1!==t.indexOf("?")?"&":"?")+n.slice(1)}return t}e.default=function(t,e,n,i,a){i&&"object"===(void 0===i?"undefined":o(i))&&(a||(i._t=new Date),i=r("",i).slice(1)),e.queryStringParams&&(t=r(t,e.queryStringParams));try{var s;(s=XMLHttpRequest?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0")).open(i?"POST":"GET",t,1),e.crossDomain||s.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest"),s.withCredentials=!!e.withCredentials,i&&s.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),s.overrideMimeType&&s.overrideMimeType("application/json");var c=e.customHeaders;if(c)for(var l in c)s.setRequestHeader(l,c[l]);s.onreadystatechange=function(){s.readyState>3&&n&&n(s.responseText,s)},s.send(i)}catch(t){console}}},1264:function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.a=function(t){var e=!1;window.XMLHttpRequest?e=new XMLHttpRequest:window.ActiveXObject&&(e=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")),!1!==e&&(e.open("GET",t,!0),e.send())}},168:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=function(){function t(){!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.observers={}}return t.prototype.on=function(t,e){var n=this;t.split(" ").forEach(function(t){n.observers[t]=n.observers[t]||[],n.observers[t].push(e)})},t.prototype.off=function(t,e){var n=this;this.observers[t]&&this.observers[t].forEach(function(){if(e){var o=n.observers[t].indexOf(e);o>-1&&n.observers[t].splice(o,1)}else delete n.observers[t]})},t.prototype.emit=function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=Array(e>1?e-1:0),o=1;o<e;o++)n[o-1]=arguments[o];this.observers[t]&&[].concat(this.observers[t]).forEach(function(t){t.apply(void 0,n)});this.observers["*"]&&[].concat(this.observers["*"]).forEach(function(e){var o;e.apply(e,(o=[t]).concat.apply(o,n))})},t}();e.a=o},187:function(t,e,n){"use strict";function o(t,e,n){function o(t){return t&&t.indexOf("###")>-1?t.replace(/###/g,"."):t}function r(){return!t||"string"==typeof t}for(var i="string"!=typeof e?[].concat(e):e.split(".");i.length>1;){if(r())return{};var a=o(i.shift());!t[a]&&n&&(t[a]=new n),t=t[a]}return r()?{}:{obj:t,k:o(i.shift())}}e.e=function(t){return null==t?"":""+t},e.a=function(t,e,n){t.forEach(function(t){e[t]&&(n[t]=e[t])})},e.h=function(t,e,n){var r=o(t,e,Object),i=r.obj,a=r.k;i[a]=n},e.f=function(t,e,n,r){var i=o(t,e,Object),a=i.obj,s=i.k;a[s]=a[s]||[],r&&(a[s]=a[s].concat(n));r||a[s].push(n)},e.d=function(t,e){var n=o(t,e),r=n.obj,i=n.k;return r?r[i]:void 0},e.b=function t(e,n,o){for(var r in n)r in e?"string"==typeof e[r]||e[r]instanceof String||"string"==typeof n[r]||n[r]instanceof String?o&&(e[r]=n[r]):t(e[r],n[r],o):e[r]=n[r];return e},e.g=function(t){return t.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g,"\\$&")},e.c=function(t){if("string"==typeof t)return t.replace(/[&<>"'\/]/g,function(t){return r[t]});return t};var r={"&":"&amp;","<":"&lt;",">":"&gt;",'"':"&quot;","'":"&#39;","/":"&#x2F;"}},388:function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.a={processors:{},addPostProcessor:function(t){this.processors[t.name]=t},handle:function(t,e,n,o,r){var i=this;return t.forEach(function(t){i.processors[t]&&(e=i.processors[t].process(e,n,o,r))}),e}}},389:function(t,e,n){"use strict";e.b=function(t){t.resStore&&(t.resources=t.resStore);t.ns&&t.ns.defaultNs?(t.defaultNS=t.ns.defaultNs,t.ns=t.ns.namespaces):t.defaultNS=t.ns||"translation";t.fallbackToDefaultNS&&t.defaultNS&&(t.fallbackNS=t.defaultNS);t.saveMissing=t.sendMissing,t.saveMissingTo=t.sendMissingTo||"current",t.returnNull=!t.fallbackOnNull,t.returnEmptyString=!t.fallbackOnEmpty,t.returnObjects=t.returnObjectTrees,t.joinArrays="\n",t.returnedObjectHandler=t.objectTreeKeyHandler,t.parseMissingKeyHandler=t.parseMissingKey,t.appendNamespaceToMissingKey=!0,t.nsSeparator=t.nsseparator||":",t.keySeparator=t.keyseparator||".","sprintf"===t.shortcutFunction&&(t.overloadTranslationOptionHandler=function(t){for(var e=[],n=1;n<t.length;n++)e.push(t[n]);return{postProcess:"sprintf",sprintf:e}});t.whitelist=t.lngWhitelist,t.preload=t.preload,"current"===t.load&&(t.load="currentOnly");"unspecific"===t.load&&(t.load="languageOnly");t.backend=t.backend||{},t.backend.loadPath=t.resGetPath||"locales/__lng__/__ns__.json",t.backend.addPath=t.resPostPath||"locales/add/__lng__/__ns__",t.backend.allowMultiLoading=t.dynamicLoad,t.cache=t.cache||{},t.cache.prefix="res_",t.cache.expirationTime=6048e5,t.cache.enabled=t.useLocalStorage,(t=r(t)).defaultVariables&&(t.interpolation.defaultVariables=t.defaultVariables);return t},e.c=function(t){return(t=r(t)).joinArrays="\n",t},e.d=function(t){(t.interpolationPrefix||t.interpolationSuffix||void 0!==t.escapeInterpolation)&&(t=r(t));return t.nsSeparator=t.nsseparator,t.keySeparator=t.keyseparator,t.returnObjects=t.returnObjectTrees,t},e.a=function(t){t.lng=function(){return o.a.deprecate("i18next.lng() can be replaced by i18next.language for detected language or i18next.languages for languages ordered by translation lookup."),t.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t.language)[0]},t.preload=function(e,n){o.a.deprecate("i18next.preload() can be replaced with i18next.loadLanguages()"),t.loadLanguages(e,n)},t.setLng=function(e,n,r){return o.a.deprecate("i18next.setLng() can be replaced with i18next.changeLanguage() or i18next.getFixedT() to get a translation function with fixed language or namespace."),"function"==typeof n&&(r=n,n={}),n||(n={}),!0===n.fixLng&&r?r(null,t.getFixedT(e)):t.changeLanguage(e,r)},t.addPostProcessor=function(e,n){o.a.deprecate("i18next.addPostProcessor() can be replaced by i18next.use({ type: 'postProcessor', name: 'name', process: fc })"),t.use({type:"postProcessor",name:e,process:n})}};var o=n(64);function r(t){return t.interpolation={unescapeSuffix:"HTML"},t.interpolation.prefix=t.interpolationPrefix||"__",t.interpolation.suffix=t.interpolationSuffix||"__",t.interpolation.escapeValue=t.escapeInterpolation||!1,t.interpolation.nestingPrefix=t.reusePrefix||"$t(",t.interpolation.nestingSuffix=t.reuseSuffix||")",t}},64:function(t,e,n){"use strict";var o=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n=arguments[e];for(var o in n)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,o)&&(t[o]=n[o])}return t};var r={type:"logger",log:function(t){this.output("log",t)},warn:function(t){this.output("warn",t)},error:function(t){this.output("error",t)},output:function(t,e){var n;console&&console[t]&&(n=console)[t].apply(n,function(t){if(Array.isArray(t)){for(var e=0,n=Array(t.length);e<t.length;e++)n[e]=t[e];return n}return Array.from(t)}(e))}},i=function(){function t(e){var n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};!function(t,e){if(!(t instanceof e))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,t),this.init(e,n)}return t.prototype.init=function(t){var e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.prefix=e.prefix||"i18next:",this.logger=t||r,this.options=e,this.debug=e.debug},t.prototype.setDebug=function(t){this.debug=t},t.prototype.log=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"log","",!0)},t.prototype.warn=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"warn","",!0)},t.prototype.error=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"error","")},t.prototype.deprecate=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.forward(e,"warn","WARNING DEPRECATED: ",!0)},t.prototype.forward=function(t,e,n,o){return o&&!this.debug?null:("string"==typeof t[0]&&(t[0]=""+n+this.prefix+" "+t[0]),this.logger[e](t))},t.prototype.create=function(e){return new t(this.logger,o({prefix:this.prefix+":"+e+":"},this.options))},t}();e.a=new i}},[1249]);
//# sourceMappingURL=i18n_init-d82f7c4d94a510fe778b.js.map
//]]>
</script>

  
</body>
</html>
